Leslie T. Chang: The voices of China's workers

225,938 views ใƒป 2012-09-12

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Eileen Soohyung Han ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jerome Kim
00:16
Hi. So I'd like to talk a little bit about the people
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์ผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”
00:18
who make the things we use every day:
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
our shoes, our handbags, our computers and cell phones.
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๊ฐ€๋ น ์‹ ๋ฐœ, ํ•ธ๋“œ๋ฐฑ, ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:24
Now, this is a conversation that often calls up a lot of guilt.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋„๋•์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ์‹ฌ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
Imagine the teenage farm girl who makes less than
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์•Œ๊ณ ๊ณ„์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”? ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์‹ ๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ์šด๋™ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฝค๋งค๊ณ 
00:32
a dollar an hour stitching your running shoes,
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ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— 1๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋„ ๋ฒŒ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ณจ์†Œ๋…€์™€
00:35
or the young Chinese man who jumps off a rooftop
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์ดˆ๊ณผ๊ทผ๋ฌด๊นŒ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์•„์ดํŒจ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๋ฆฝํ•œ ํ›„
00:38
after working overtime assembling your iPad.
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์˜ฅ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ์–ด๋Š ์ Š์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ฒญ๋…„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
We, the beneficiaries of globalization, seem to exploit
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์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ์ž์ธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์‚ด ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
00:45
these victims with every purchase we make,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํฌ์ƒ์ž๋“ค์„ ์ฐฉ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
and the injustice
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์—๋Š”
00:50
feels embedded in the products themselves.
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๋ถ€์ •๋‹นํ•จ์ด ๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
After all, what's wrong with a world in which a worker
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, ์•„์ดํฐ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž๊ฐ€
00:55
on an iPhone assembly line can't even afford to buy one?
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์•„์ดํฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ชป์‚ฐ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:59
It's taken for granted that Chinese factories are oppressive,
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์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๊ณต์žฅํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์—ด์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ต์••์ ์ด๋ž€๊ฑธ ์•Œ๋ฉด์„œ๋„
01:02
and that it's our desire for cheap goods
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์„
01:05
that makes them so.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ๋“  ์‹ธ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋ ค๊ณ ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
So, this simple narrative equating Western demand
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žก๊ธฐ์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
and Chinese suffering is appealing,
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'๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”' ์™€ '์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰' ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:14
especially at a time when many of us already feel guilty
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ํŠนํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์ฃ„์ฑ…๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ์‹œ์ ์—”
01:16
about our impact on the world,
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๋” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
but it's also inaccurate and disrespectful.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋ฌด๋ก€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
We must be peculiarly self-obsessed to imagine that we
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๋‹จ์–ธํ•˜๊ฑด๋ฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช… ์•„์ฃผ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ์ฐฉ๊ฐ์— ๋น ์ง„๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
have the power to drive tens of millions of people
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋งŒ๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„
01:29
on the other side of the world to migrate and suffer
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋งˆ์Œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด๋™์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:31
in such terrible ways.
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๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๊ฐ’์‹ธ๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ์š”.
01:34
In fact, China makes goods for markets all over the world,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์›๊ฐ€, ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์ธ๋ ฅ
01:37
including its own, thanks to a combination of factors:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”์— ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š”
01:41
its low costs, its large and educated workforce,
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์œ ์—ฐํ•œ ์ œ์กฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋“ค์„ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
01:44
and a flexible manufacturing system
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์„ธ์ƒ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
that responds quickly to market demands.
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์ค‘๊ตญ ์ž๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค๊นŒ์ง€ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:50
By focusing so much on ourselves and our gadgets,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€
01:53
we have rendered the individuals on the other end
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์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์„
01:55
into invisibility, as tiny and interchangeable
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๋งˆ์น˜ ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ์•ˆ์˜ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘๊ณ , ๊ต์ฒด๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ
01:59
as the parts of a mobile phone.
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์ผํšŒ์šฉ ๋ถ€์†ํ’ˆ์ •๋„๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
Chinese workers are not forced into factories
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์ค‘๊ตญ์ธ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์€ ์•„์ดํŒŸ์„ ํ–ฅํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐˆ์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:04
because of our insatiable desire for iPods.
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๊ฐ•์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
They choose to leave their homes in order to earn money,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ๊ณ , ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ , ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
02:10
to learn new skills, and to see the world.
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๊ณ ํ–ฅ์„ ๋– ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
In the ongoing debate about globalization, what's
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
02:16
been missing is the voices of the workers themselves.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
Here are a few.
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
Bao Yongxiu: "My mother tells me to come home
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Bao Yongxiu๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ "์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™€
02:26
and get married, but if I marry now, before I have fully
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๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ค€๋น„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
02:29
developed myself, I can only marry an ordinary worker,
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์ „ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ณต์žฅ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ๋‚จ์ž๋ž‘ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
02:33
so I'm not in a rush."
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์„ ์„œ๋‘๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”."
02:36
Chen Ying: "When I went home for the new year,
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๋˜ Chen Ying์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. " ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋‚ ์— ์ง‘์—๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ,
02:39
everyone said I had changed. They asked me,
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๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ 
02:42
what did you do that you have changed so much?
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๋ญ˜ ํ–ˆ๊ธธ๋ž˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ดค์–ด์š”.
02:45
I told them that I studied and worked hard. If you tell them
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์ „ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ณต๋ถ€์™€ ์ผ์„ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
02:49
more, they won't understand anyway."
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋” ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด๋“œ๋ ค๋ด์งœ ์–ด์งœํ”ผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”."
02:52
Wu Chunming: "Even if I make a lot of money,
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Wu Chunming์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋ˆ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฒˆ๋‹คํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„,
02:55
it won't satisfy me.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ˆ ๋งŒ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
02:58
Just to make money is not enough meaning in life."
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๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒ„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋งŒ์ด ์‚ถ์˜ ์ „๋ถ€๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”."
03:02
Xiao Jin: "Now, after I get off work, I study English,
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Xiao Jin์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. " ์ „ ์š”์ฆ˜ ํ‡ด๊ทผ ํ›„์— ์˜์–ด๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•ด์š”.
03:07
because in the future, our customers won't
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ์ค‘๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค๋งŒ์€ ์•„๋‹ ๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
03:08
be only Chinese, so we must learn more languages."
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๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”."
03:12
All of these speakers, by the way, are young women,
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์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ, ์ด ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ 18์„ธ, 19์„ธ์˜
03:15
18 or 19 years old.
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์ Š์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
So I spent two years getting to know assembly line workers
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์ €๋Š” ์กฐ๋ฆฝ๊ณต์ •์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
03:21
like these in the south China factory city called Dongguan.
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์ค‘๊ตญ ์„œ๋ถ€์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋‘ฅ๊ด€์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณต์žฅ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ 2๋…„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
Certain subjects came up over and over:
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ฉฐ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ„์† ์–˜๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
how much money they made,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋งŒํผ์˜ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒ„๋Š”์ง€,
03:29
what kind of husband they hoped to marry,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋‚จ์ž์™€ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€์ง€,
03:32
whether they should jump to another factory
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณต์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด
03:34
or stay where they were.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ณ„์† ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์–ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
Other subjects came up almost never, including
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ €์—๊ฒ ๋งˆ์น˜ ๊ฐ์˜ฅ๊ฐ™๋˜ ๊ด€๋‘ฅ์ƒํ™œ, ๊ทธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
03:38
living conditions that to me looked close to prison life:
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ผ์ฒด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
10 or 15 workers in one room,
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๊ทธ ์—ด์•…ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 10๋ช… ๋˜๋Š” 15๋ช…์˜ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์ด ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ ,
03:44
50 people sharing a single bathroom,
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50๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
03:47
days and nights ruled by the factory clock.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์ข…์ผ ์ž‘์—…์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋งž์ถฐ์ง„ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
Everyone they knew lived in similar circumstances,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—๋„ ์ด๋“ค์ด ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถˆํ‰์—†์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
03:54
and it was still better than the dormitories and homes
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“ ์ด๋“ค์ด ์‹œ๊ณจ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ™์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ์ง‘๋ณด๋‹ค ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์€ ๊ฒƒ์„
03:57
of rural China.
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์•Œ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
The workers rarely spoke about the products they made,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ด€๋‘ฅ์˜ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜
04:02
and they often had great difficulty explaining
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์•„๋ฌด์–ธ๊ธ‰๋„ ํ•˜์ง€์•Š๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฌด์–ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
04:05
what exactly they did.
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ํ† ๋กœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
When I asked Lu Qingmin,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ €๋ž‘ ์ œ์ผ ์นœํ–ˆ๋˜
04:09
the young woman I got to know best,
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Lu Quingmin์—๊ฒŒ ๋„Œ ๋„๋Œ€์ฒด
04:11
what exactly she did on the factory floor,
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๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
04:13
she said something to me in Chinese that sounded like
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” "qiu xi"๋ผ๊ณ  ์ €์—๊ฒ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ค‘๊ตญ๋ง ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š”
04:16
"qiu xi."
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
Only much later did I realize that she had been saying
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์ „ ๋‚˜์ค‘์—์„œ์•ผ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ๋˜๋ง์ด
04:21
"QC," or quality control.
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ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์•ฝ์ž์ธ "QC" ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
She couldn't even tell me what she did on the factory floor.
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Lu Quingmin์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌด์–ผํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์ง€๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
All she could do was parrot a garbled abbreviation
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํ• ์ค„ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณค ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์•„๋“ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์™œ๊ณก๋œ ์•ฝ์ž๋ฅผ
04:30
in a language she didn't even understand.
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๋œป๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ์ฒด ํ‰๋‚ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
Karl Marx saw this as the tragedy of capitalism,
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์นผ ๋ง‰์Šค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ œํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์ž์‹  ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”
04:38
the alienation of the worker from the product of his labor.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๋น„๊ทน์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
Unlike, say, a traditional maker of shoes or cabinets,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ „ํ†ต์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ ๋ฐœ์ด๋‚˜ ์บ๋น„๋„ท์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์žฅ์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
04:45
the worker in an industrial factory has no control,
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์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋œ ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
04:49
no pleasure, and no true satisfaction or understanding
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์ง€๋ฐฐ๊ถŒ, ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€, ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ์„ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ž์‹ ์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
04:52
in her own work.
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์ดํ•ด์กฐ์ฐจ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
But like so many theories that Marx arrived at
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ง‰์Šค๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€ ์—ด๋žŒ์‹ค์— ์•‰์•„
04:56
sitting in the reading room of the British Museum,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋ก ๋“ค์„ ์ •๋ฆฝํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
04:59
he got this one wrong.
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์ด ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ •๋ฆฝํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
Just because a person spends her time
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
05:04
making a piece of something does not mean
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์˜ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€
05:07
that she becomes that, a piece of something.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
What she does with the money she earns,
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์ •์ž‘ Min์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ฒˆ ๋ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ผํ• ๊นŒ,
05:13
what she learns in that place, and how it changes her,
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๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ๊นŒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
05:16
these are the things that matter.
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๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋” ๊ด€์‹ฌ์žˆ์–ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
What a factory makes is never the point, and
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๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์–ผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ค‘์š”์น˜ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
the workers could not care less who buys their products.
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๋”์šฑ์ด ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€๋„ ์ „ํ˜€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
Journalistic coverage of Chinese factories,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต์žฅ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š”
05:28
on the other hand, plays up this relationship
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๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ
05:30
between the workers and the products they make.
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๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
Many articles calculate: How long would it take
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋งŒํผ ์ผํ•ด์•ผ
05:36
for this worker to work in order to earn enough money
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ? ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ณด๋„ํ•˜๋Š”
05:39
to buy what he's making?
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๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹ฌ์‹ฌ์น˜ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
For example, an entry-level-line assembly line worker
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ดํฐ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ณต์žฅ์— ๋ง‰ ์ทจ์งํ•œ
05:44
in China in an iPhone plant would have to shell out
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๋…ธ๋™์ž๋Š” ์•„์ดํฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‘๋‹ฌ๋ฐ˜๋™์•ˆ ๋ชจ์€ ์›”๊ธ‰์„
05:47
two and a half months' wages for an iPhone.
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์จ์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ ๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ํ•œ ์˜ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
But how meaningful is this calculation, really?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:54
For example, I recently wrote an article
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ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ์ €๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— "The New Yorker"๋ผ๋Š” ์žก์ง€์—
05:56
in The New Yorker magazine,
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๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
05:57
but I can't afford to buy an ad in it.
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๊ทธ ์žก์ง€ ๋‚ด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์‚ด๋งŒํ•œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
But, who cares? I don't want an ad in The New Yorker,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ๋ญ” ์ƒ๊ด€์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ „ ์–ด์ฐจํ”ผ ์• ์ดˆ์— ๊ทธ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์‚ด ๋ง˜๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
and most of these workers don't really want iPhones.
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์ €์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์•„์ดํฐ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค ๋˜ํ•œ ์•„์ดํฐ์„ ์‚ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ดํฐ์„ ์›ํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
Their calculations are different.
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๋…ธ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ณผ๋Š” ์ƒ์ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
How long should I stay in this factory?
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๊ทธ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด๋ผํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ผํ•ด์•ผํ• ๊นŒ?
06:10
How much money can I save?
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
06:12
How much will it take to buy an apartment or a car,
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์•„ํŒŒํŠธ, ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋‚ด ์ž์‹์„ ํ•™๊ต์— ์ž…ํ•™์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋ฉด
06:15
to get married, or to put my child through school?
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋งŒํผ์˜ ๋ˆ์ด ๋“ค๊นŒ? ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
The workers I got to know had a curiously abstract
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์ด๋ ‡๋“ฏ ์ €์™€ ์นœํ•ด์ง„ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
06:22
relationship with the product of their labor.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ, ํŠน์ดํ•œ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
About a year after I met Lu Qingmin, or Min,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ Lu Qingmin (์ œ๊ฐ€ Min์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š”)์„ ๋งŒ๋‚œ์ง€ ์•ฝ ์ผ๋…„์ด๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์—
06:29
she invited me home to her family village
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์„ค๋‚ ์„ ๋งž์ดํ•ด ์ €๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ๋งˆ์„๋กœ
06:31
for the Chinese New Year.
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์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
On the train home, she gave me a present:
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๊ณ ํ–ฅ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ฐจ์•ˆ์—์„œ Min์€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰ ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ์œผ๋กœ
06:36
a Coach brand change purse with brown leather trim.
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ํ…Œ๋‘๋ฆฌ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋œ Coach ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ์ง€๊ฐ‘์„ ์„ ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
I thanked her, assuming it was fake,
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๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ „ ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๊ทธ ์ง€๊ฐ‘์ด ๋‘ฅ๊ด€์—์„œ
06:42
like almost everything else for sale in Dongguan.
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ํŒŒ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ชจ์กฐํ’ˆ์ผ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
After we got home, Min gave her mother another present:
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์ง‘์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•œ ํ›„์— Min์€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ป˜
06:49
a pink Dooney & Bourke handbag,
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๋ถ„ํ™์ƒ‰ Dooney&Bourke ํ•ธ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ์„ ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
06:51
and a few nights later, her sister was showing off
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๋ฉฐ์น  ํ›„์—” ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋™์ƒ์ด ๋ฐค์ƒ‰์˜ LeSportsac ์ˆ„๋”๋ฐฑ์„
06:53
a maroon LeSportsac shoulder bag.
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๋งค๊ณ  ์ž๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
Slowly it was dawning on me that these handbags
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๋ถˆํ˜„๋“ฏ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด๊ณ ,
07:01
were made by their factory,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ „๋ถ€ ๊ฐ€์งœ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ง„์งœ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
07:03
and every single one of them was authentic.
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๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
Min's sister said to her parents,
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋Š” Min์˜ ์—ฌ๋™์ƒ์ด ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๊ป˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
"In America, this bag sells for 320 dollars."
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"๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„  ์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์ด 320๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์—์š”."
07:12
Her parents, who are both farmers, looked on, speechless.
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๋†์‚ฌ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€ ๋ง ์—†์ด ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ์ณ๋‹ค๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
"And that's not all -- Coach is coming out with a new line,
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"๊ทธ ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”. ์ด๋ฒˆ์— Coach์—์„œ ์‹ ์ƒ๋ผ์ธ 2191์„
07:17
2191," she said. "One bag will sell for 6,000."
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์„ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฑด๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” 6,000์ด์—์š”."
07:22
She paused and said, "I don't know if that's 6,000 yuan or
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถ˜ ํ›„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ง์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๊ฒŒ 6,000์œ„์•ˆ์ธ์ง€
07:26
6,000 American dollars, but anyway, it's 6,000." (Laughter)
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ˆ์œผ๋กœ 6,000๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์ธ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌํŠผ 6,000์— ํŒ”๋ฆด๊ฑฐ์—์š”"
07:32
Min's sister's boyfriend, who had traveled home with her
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์„ค๋‚ ์„ ๋งž์ดํ•ด Min์˜ ์—ฌ๋™์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์ง‘์— ๋†€๋Ÿฌ์˜จ
07:35
for the new year, said,
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๋‚จ์ž์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” "๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ๊ทธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋น„์‹ธ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•„."
07:37
"It doesn't look like it's worth that much."
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๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
Min's sister turned to him and said, "Some people actually
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Min์˜ ์—ฌ๋™์ƒ์ด ๋˜๋ฐ›์•„์น˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ " ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ๊ฑธ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€,
07:42
understand these things. You don't understand shit."
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๋„ˆ๋Š” ๋ญฃ๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ."
07:46
(Laughter) (Applause)
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.
07:51
In Min's world, the Coach bags had a curious currency.
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Coach ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์€ Min์˜ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„  ํŠน์ดํ•œ ํ™”ํ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
They weren't exactly worthless, but they were nothing
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๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ๋“ค์€ ์•„์˜ˆ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋˜ ๋ˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
07:57
close to the actual value, because almost no one they knew
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์ง„์งœ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ค‘
08:00
wanted to buy one, or knew how much it was worth.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ Coach ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์„ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋Š์ •๋„์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
Once, when Min's older sister's friend got married,
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์–ธ์ œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ, Min์˜ ์–ธ๋‹ˆ ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์‹ ๋•Œ,
08:07
she brought a handbag along as a wedding present.
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Min์˜ ์–ธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์นœ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ ์„ ๋ฌผ๋กœ ํ•ธ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
Another time, after Min had already left
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๊ทผ๋ฐ Min์˜ ์—ฌ๋™์ƒ์ด (Min์ด ๊ณต์žฅ์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ ๋‘” ํ›„)
08:12
the handbag factory, her younger sister came to visit,
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๊ทธ ๋‚  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ Coach๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ ์„ ๋ฌผ๋กœ
08:15
bringing two Coach Signature handbags as gifts.
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๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
I looked in the zippered pocket of one,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋˜
08:21
and I found a printed card in English, which read,
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์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ ํžŒ ์นด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์นด๋“œ์—” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ํ˜€์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
08:26
"An American classic.
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"์–ด๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นธ ํด๋ž˜์‹.
08:29
In 1941, the burnished patina
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1941๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์•ผ๊ตฌ ๊ธ€๋Ÿฌ๋ธŒ ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ์˜
08:31
of an all-American baseball glove
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๊ทธ์œฝํ•œ ๋ฉ‹์€
08:34
inspired the founder of Coach to create
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Coach ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์ฐฝ์‹œ์ž๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๊ทธ ๊ธ€๋Ÿฌ๋ธŒ์˜
08:36
a new collection of handbags from the same
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ํ˜ธํ™”์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋„๋ก ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ธ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ์ฝœ๋ ‰์…˜์„
08:38
luxuriously soft gloved-hand leather.
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๋งŒ๋“ค๋„๋ก ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
Six skilled leatherworkers crafted 12 Signature handbags
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์—ฌ์„ฏ๋ช…์˜ ์œ ๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ์„ธ๊ณต์ธ๋“ค์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์‹ค๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ
08:46
with perfect proportions and a timeless flair.
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๋น„์œจ์˜ 12๊ฐœ์˜ ํ•ธ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
They were fresh, functional, and women everywhere
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๊ทธ ํ•ธ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์› ๊ณ , ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ์ด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฌ์ธ๋“ค์ด
08:52
adored them. A new American classic was born."
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์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์„ธ๋กœ์šด ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นธ ํด๋ž˜์‹์ด ํƒ„์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
08:57
I wonder what Karl Marx would have made of Min
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์ „ ์นผ ๋ง‰์Šค๊ฐ€ Min๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์—ฌ๋™์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ• ์ง€
09:00
and her sisters.
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๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
Their relationship with the product of their labor
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ฌผํ’ˆ์„ ํ–ฅํ•œ ์ด ์ž๋งค์˜ ํƒœ๋„๋Š”
09:04
was more complicated, surprising and funny
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๋ง‰์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค
09:07
than he could have imagined.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ , ๋†€๋ผ์šฐ๋ฉฐ, ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
And yet, his view of the world persists, and our tendency
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ง‰์Šค์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์€ ์•„์ง ํŒฝ๋ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์„
09:12
to see the workers as faceless masses,
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๋งˆ๋ƒฅ ์–ผ๊ตด์—†๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„
09:14
to imagine that we can know what they're really thinking.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ ์—†๋Š” ํƒœ๋„ ๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
The first time I met Min, she had just turned 18
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์ œ๊ฐ€ Min์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ, ๊ฐ“ 18์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
09:22
and quit her first job on the assembly line
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ฒซ ์ง์—…์ธ ์ „์ž๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ๋ฆฝ์ผ์„
09:24
of an electronics factory.
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๊ทธ๋งŒ ๋‘” ์ƒํƒœ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
Over the next two years, I watched as she switched jobs
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2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋‹ค์„ฏ๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์ด์ง์„ ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
09:29
five times, eventually landing a lucrative post
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ํ•œ ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ๊ณต์žฅ ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ถ€์„œ์—์„œ
09:32
in the purchasing department of a hardware factory.
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๋ˆ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฒ„๋Š” ์ง์œ„๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
Later, she married a fellow migrant worker,
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์ด ํ›„ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด์ฃผ๋…ธ๋™์ž ๋™๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
09:38
moved with him to his village,
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๊ทธ์˜ ๋งˆ์„๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ํ›„,
09:40
gave birth to two daughters,
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๋‘๋ช…์˜ ๋”ธ์„ ๋‚ณ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
and saved enough money to buy a secondhand Buick
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๋˜, Min์€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ค‘๊ณ  Buick๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ
09:45
for herself and an apartment for her parents.
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์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฅผ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋งŒํผ์˜ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
She recently returned to Dongguan on her own
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๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ตœ๊ทผ Min์€ ๊ฑด์„ค์šฉ ํฌ๋ ˆ์ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ
09:52
to take a job in a factory that makes construction cranes,
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์ž ์‹œ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋‚จํŽธ, ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋– ๋‚˜
09:56
temporarily leaving her husband and children
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์ž์˜๋กœ ๋‘ฅ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ
09:58
back in the village.
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๋Œ์•„๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
In a recent email to me, she explained,
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— Min์ด ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๋ง์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
"A person should have some ambition while she is young
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"์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ์ Š์„ ๋•Œ ์•ผ๋ง์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผํ•ด. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ๋Š™์–ด์„œ
10:07
so that in old age she can look back on her life
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์‚ถ์„ ๋’ค๋Œ์•„๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ฌด ๋ชฉ์ ์—†์ด
10:09
and feel that it was not lived to no purpose."
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์‚ด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€."
10:14
Across China, there are 150 million workers like her,
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์ค‘๊ตญ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์ด 1์–ต ์˜ค์ฒœ๋งŒ๋ช…์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
one third of them women, who have left their villages
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ค‘ 1/3์€ ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์„ ๋– ๋‚˜
10:21
to work in the factories, the hotels, the restaurants
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๊ณต์žฅ, ํ˜ธํ…”, ์‹๋‹น, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํฐ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๊ณต์‚ฌํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ
10:25
and the construction sites of the big cities.
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์ผ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
Together, they make up the largest migration in history,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ, ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ก€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ด์ฃผ๋ฏผ ์ค‘
10:31
and it is globalization, this chain that begins
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์ตœ๊ณ ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋ ‡๋“ฏ
10:34
in a Chinese farming village
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์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ํ•œ ๋†์žฅ๋งˆ์„์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
and ends with iPhones in our pockets and Nikes on our feet
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ผํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ , ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”
10:41
and Coach handbags on our arms
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋†“์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ดํฐ,
10:43
that has changed the way these millions of people
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์‹ ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜์ดํ‚ค ์šด๋™ํ™”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์†์— ๋“ค๋ ค์žˆ๋Š”
10:45
work and marry and live and think.
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Coach๋ฐฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์˜ ์ˆœํ™˜๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋์ด ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
Very few of them would want to go back
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์˜ˆ์ „์˜ ์‚ถ์œผ๋กœ
10:52
to the way things used to be.
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๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
When I first went to Dongguan, I worried that
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ฅ๊ด€์— ๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ, ์ „ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“คํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„
10:58
it would be depressing to spend so much time with workers.
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๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์šฐ์šธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
I also worried that nothing would ever happen to them,
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์บ๋‚ผ ์ •๋ณด๋„ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
11:05
or that they would have nothing to say to me.
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๊ทธ๋“ค ๋˜ํ•œ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์ „ํ•  ๋ง์ด ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ฑฑ์ •์„ ์ข€ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
Instead, I found young women who were smart and funny
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๊ฑฑ์ •๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ „ ์•„์ฃผ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฉ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•œ
11:10
and brave and generous.
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์—ฌ์ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
By opening up their lives to me,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ํ„ฐ๋†“์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ
11:16
they taught me so much about factories
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๊ณต์žฅ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“ค๋งŒ์˜
11:18
and about China and about how to live in the world.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
This is the Coach purse that Min gave me
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์ด Coach ์ง€๊ฐ‘์€ Min๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์— ๊ฐ€๋Š”
11:27
on the train home to visit her family.
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๊ธฐ์ฐจ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ทธ ์ง€๊ฐ‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
I keep it with me to remind me of the ties that tie me
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์ „ ์ด ์ง€๊ฐ‘์„ ๊ณ„์† ๊ฐ„์งํ•  ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
11:32
to the young women I wrote about,
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์ œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์— ์‹ค์€ ์ Š์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ๋ฌผ์ง์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ.
11:35
ties that are not economic but personal in nature,
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๋‚˜๋งŒ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์ถ”์–ต์ด ๋‹ด๊ธด ์ธ์—ฐ์„
11:39
measured not in money but in memories.
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์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
This purse is also a reminder that the things that you imagine,
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๋˜ํ•œ, ์ด ์ง€๊ฐ‘์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ์˜์ž์— ์•‰์•„
11:46
sitting in your office or in the library,
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
11:50
are not how you find them when you actually go out
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ง์ ‘ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ถ€๋”ชํ˜€์•ผ๋งŒ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
11:52
into the world.
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์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
Thank you. (Applause)
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
(Applause)
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.
12:02
Chris Anderson: Thank you, Leslie, that was an insight
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ด์š” Leslie. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด
12:04
that a lot of us haven't had before.
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์ƒ๊ฐ๋„ ํ•ด๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. ์•„์ฃผ ํš๊ธฐ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:07
But I'm curious. If you had a minute, say,
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๊ทธ์น˜๋งŒ ์ข€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•œ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, Leslie์”จ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ๊ฑธ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ,
12:10
with Apple's head of manufacturing,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ Leslie์”จ๊ฐ€ Apple ์ œ์กฐ์—…์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
12:14
what would you say?
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‚ด์ง๋งŒ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
12:16
Leslie Chang: One minute?
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์‚ด์ง๋งŒ์š”?
12:17
CA: One minute. (Laughter)
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๋„ค, ์‚ด์ง์ด์š”.
12:19
LC: You know, what really impressed me about the workers
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์ œ์ผ ์ธ์ƒ๊นŠ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ ์€
12:21
is how much they're self-motivated, self-driven,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค ๋‚˜๋ฆ„์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์šด ํ›„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
12:24
resourceful, and the thing that struck me,
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ชฐ์•„๋ถ™์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์˜€์–ด์š”. ๋˜, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ
12:27
what they want most is education, to learn,
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ž๋ž๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ต์œก๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
12:30
because most of them come from very poor backgrounds.
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์ตœ๊ณ  ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋กœ ๋‘๊ณ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
12:31
They usually left school when they were in 7th or 8th grade.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ํ•œ ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต 1~2ํ•™๋…„ ๋•Œ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
12:34
Their parents are often illiterate,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๋“ค์€ ๋ฌธ๋งน์ด์‹œ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋„์‹œ์— ์˜จ ํ›„์—๋Š”
12:36
and then they come to the city, and they, on their own,
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์ฃผ๋ง ๋ฐค๋งˆ๋‹ค ์•„์ฃผ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ ์ธ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์—…๊ณผ
12:39
at night, during the weekends, they'll take a computer class,
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์˜์–ด์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ ๊ณ„์„ธ์š”.
12:41
they'll take an English class, and learn
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ํ•˜๋ฉด
12:43
really, really rudimentary things, you know,
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MS ์›Œ๋“œ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์„œ์ž‘์„ฑ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๋˜๊ฐ€
12:46
like how to type a document in Word,
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์˜์–ด๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๋Š”
12:47
or how to say really simple things in English.
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์—์š”.
12:50
So, if you really want to help these workers,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์„ ๋•๊ณ ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:52
start these small, very focused, very pragmatic classes
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ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘” ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์›€์„ ์ „ํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
12:55
in these schools, and what's going to happen is,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค ๋‚˜๋ฆ„๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•ด
12:58
all your workers are going to move on,
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Apple ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์Šน์ง„ํ•˜๋Š”
13:00
but hopefully they'll move on into higher jobs within Apple,
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๋ชจ์Šต๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
13:03
and you can help their social mobility
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋„์›€์ด ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์Šน์ง„์„
13:06
and their self-improvement.
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
13:07
When you talk to workers, that's what they want.
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๋˜, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ง์„ ๊ฑธ์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
13:09
They do not say, "I want better hot water in the showers.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด," ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ƒค์›Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ณ ์š”. ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ ผ์ด
13:12
I want a nicer room. I want a TV set."
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์žˆ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ์„ ์›ํ•ด์š”."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ฃ .
13:14
I mean, it would be nice to have those things,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๋Ÿฐ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”. ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ข‹์ฃ .
13:15
but that's not why they're in the city,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋„์‹œ์— ์˜จ ์ง„์งœ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
13:16
and that's not what they care about.
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์‹ ๊ฒฝ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์—์š”.
13:19
CA: Was there a sense from them of a narrative that
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๊ทธ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด
13:22
things were kind of tough and bad, or was there a narrative
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๋งค์šฐ ์—ด์•…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ปด์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ฑ์žฅ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌ๋กœ๋„
13:26
of some kind of level of growth, that things over time
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๋Š๊ปด์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
13:29
were getting better?
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์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๋‚˜์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
13:30
LC: Oh definitely, definitely. I mean, you know,
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๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด์ฃ , ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด์—์š”. ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๋‘ฅ๊ด€์—์„œ 2๋…„์„
13:32
it was interesting, because I spent basically two years
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์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ์ „ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์— ์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€
13:34
hanging out in this city, Dongguan,
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์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
13:36
and over that time, you could see immense change
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๊ทธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์œ„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด์žˆ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฐ‘์„ ํ–ฅํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
13:39
in every person's life: upward, downward, sideways,
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์˜†์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
13:41
but generally upward.
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์ฃผ๋กœ ์œ„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด์„œ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ชฝ์ด์˜€์ฃ .
13:43
If you spend enough time, it's upward, and I met people
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋ฉด ์œ„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ž–์•„์š”.
13:45
who had moved to the city 10 years ago, and who are now
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ๊ทธ ๊ณณ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋‘ฅ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ 10๋…„ ์ „์— ์ด์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์™€,
13:47
basically urban middle class people,
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์ค‘์‚ฐ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ์‚ด๋ฉฐ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๋ผ
13:49
so the trajectory is definitely upward.
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์‚ถ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๋˜ํ•œ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์œ„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
13:51
It's just hard to see when you're suddenly
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ๋„์‹œ์— ๊ฐ“ ๋„์ฐฉํ•ด ์ ์‘ํ•  ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
13:53
sucked into the city. It looks like everyone's poor and
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๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด์š”. ๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งˆ๋ƒฅ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ถˆ์Œํ•ด๋ณด์ผ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
13:55
desperate, but that's not really how it is.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:57
Certainly, the factory conditions are really tough,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ณต์žฅ์˜ ์ž‘์—…ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚˜์˜์ง€๋งŒ,
13:59
and it's nothing you or I would want to do,
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๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ณ„ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค
14:02
but from their perspective, where they're coming from
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๋”ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์™”๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
14:05
is much worse, and where they're going
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๋˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒ ํฌ๋ง์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
14:07
is hopefully much better, and I just wanted to give
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2008
์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ
14:09
that context of what's going on in their minds,
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๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
14:11
not what necessarily is going on in yours.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:13
CA: Thanks so much for your talk.
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๊ฐ•์—ฐ ์ •๋ง ์ž˜๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:15
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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