Leslie T. Chang: The voices of China's workers

226,900 views ใƒป 2012-09-12

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:16
Hi. So I'd like to talk a little bit about the people
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ื”ื™. ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
00:18
who make the things we use every day:
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ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื:
00:20
our shoes, our handbags, our computers and cell phones.
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ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื, ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื, ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
00:24
Now, this is a conversation that often calls up a lot of guilt.
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ื–ื”ื• ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืžืจื‘ื” ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืจื’ืฉื™ ืืฉืžื”.
00:29
Imagine the teenage farm girl who makes less than
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ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื‘ืช-ื”ืžืฉืง ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื” ืฉืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื” ืคื—ื•ืช
00:32
a dollar an hour stitching your running shoes,
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ืžื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืฉืขื” ื‘ืชืคื™ืจืช ื ืขืœื™ ื”ืจื™ืฆื” ืฉืœื›ื,
00:35
or the young Chinese man who jumps off a rooftop
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ืื• ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ื ื™ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ืฉืงื•ืคืฅ ืžื’ื’ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช
00:38
after working overtime assembling your iPad.
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืขื‘ื“ ืฉืขื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”"ืื™ื™ืคื“" ืฉืœื›ื.
00:42
We, the beneficiaries of globalization, seem to exploit
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ื ืจืื” ืฉืื ื•, ื”ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื”,
00:45
these victims with every purchase we make,
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ืžื ืฆืœื™ื ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืงื ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
00:48
and the injustice
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ื•ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืฆื“ืง
00:50
feels embedded in the products themselves.
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ื˜ื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขืฆืžื.
00:53
After all, what's wrong with a world in which a worker
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ื›ื™ ืžื” ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืคื•ืขืœ
00:55
on an iPhone assembly line can't even afford to buy one?
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ื‘ืงื• ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ "ืื™ื™ืคื•ืŸ" ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื• ื›ื–ื”?
00:59
It's taken for granted that Chinese factories are oppressive,
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ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœื ื• ืžืืœื™ื• ืฉื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืžื“ื›ืื™ื,
01:02
and that it's our desire for cheap goods
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ื•ืฉื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœืกื—ื•ืจื” ื–ื•ืœื”
01:05
that makes them so.
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืื•ืชื ืœื›ืืœื”.
01:07
So, this simple narrative equating Western demand
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ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉืžืฉื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™
01:11
and Chinese suffering is appealing,
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ืœืกื‘ืœ ื”ืกื™ื ื™ ืงื•ืกื ืœื ื•,
01:14
especially at a time when many of us already feel guilty
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืžืžื™ืœื ื—ืฉื™ื ืืฉืžื™ื
01:16
about our impact on the world,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืฉืคืขืชื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
01:19
but it's also inaccurate and disrespectful.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืœื-ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื•ืžื–ืœื–ืœ.
01:23
We must be peculiarly self-obsessed to imagine that we
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ืื ื• ื•ื“ืื™ ืขืกื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื• ืขื“ ืžื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืื ืื ื• ืžื“ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื
01:26
have the power to drive tens of millions of people
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื
01:29
on the other side of the world to migrate and suffer
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ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื”ื’ืจ ื•ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ
01:31
in such terrible ways.
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื” ื ื•ืจืื•ืช.
01:34
In fact, China makes goods for markets all over the world,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืกื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
01:37
including its own, thanks to a combination of factors:
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ, ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื:
01:41
its low costs, its large and educated workforce,
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ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ ืฉืœื”,
01:44
and a flexible manufacturing system
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ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื’ืžื™ืฉื”
01:47
that responds quickly to market demands.
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ืฉืžื’ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง.
01:50
By focusing so much on ourselves and our gadgets,
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ื›ืฉืื ื• ืžืชืžืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื• ื•ื‘ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
01:53
we have rendered the individuals on the other end
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ืื ื• ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืฉื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™
01:55
into invisibility, as tiny and interchangeable
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ืœื‘ืœืชื™-ื ืจืื™ื, ื–ืขื™ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืจื™-ื”ื—ืœืคื”
01:59
as the parts of a mobile phone.
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ื›ืžื• ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ื“.
02:02
Chinese workers are not forced into factories
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœื ื ืืœืฆื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ืจื•ืฉืช
02:04
because of our insatiable desire for iPods.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืชืฉื•ืงืชื ื• ืฉืื™ื ื” ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื•ื‘ืข ืœืื™ื™ืคื•ื“ื™ื.
02:07
They choose to leave their homes in order to earn money,
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ื”ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ื›ืกืฃ,
02:10
to learn new skills, and to see the world.
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ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
02:14
In the ongoing debate about globalization, what's
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืชืžืฉืš ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื”,
02:16
been missing is the voices of the workers themselves.
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ื—ืกืจื™ื ืงื•ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืฆืžื.
02:20
Here are a few.
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ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื.
02:22
Bao Yongxiu: "My mother tells me to come home
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ื‘ืื• ื™ื•ื ื’ืงืฉื™ื•: "ืืžื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื™ ืœื‘ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”
02:26
and get married, but if I marry now, before I have fully
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ื•ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืชื—ืชืŸ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื’ืžืจืชื™ ืœืคืชื— ืืช ืขืฆืžื™,
02:29
developed myself, I can only marry an ordinary worker,
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ืจืง ืขื ืคื•ืขืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜,
02:33
so I'm not in a rush."
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืžื”ืจืช."
02:36
Chen Ying: "When I went home for the new year,
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ืฆ'ืŸ ื™ื™ื ื’: "ื›ืฉื”ืœื›ืชื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืœืžืกื™ื‘ืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”,
02:39
everyone said I had changed. They asked me,
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ื›ื•ืœื ืืžืจื• ืฉื”ืฉืชื ื™ืชื™. ื”ื ืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื™,
02:42
what did you do that you have changed so much?
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ืื™ืš ื”ืฉืชื ื™ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš?
02:45
I told them that I studied and worked hard. If you tell them
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื”ื ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ื•ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืงืฉื”. ืื ืืกืคืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:49
more, they won't understand anyway."
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ื”ื ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•."
02:52
Wu Chunming: "Even if I make a lot of money,
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ื•ื• ืฆ'ื•ื ืžื™ื ื’: "ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืืจื•ื•ื™ื— ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ,
02:55
it won't satisfy me.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืกืคืง ืื•ืชื™.
02:58
Just to make money is not enough meaning in life."
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ืœื›ืกืฃ ืขืฆืžื• ืื™ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื."
03:02
Xiao Jin: "Now, after I get off work, I study English,
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ืฉื™ืื• ื’'ื™ืŸ: "ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืื ื™ ืœื•ืžื“ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช,
03:07
because in the future, our customers won't
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“, ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
03:08
be only Chinese, so we must learn more languages."
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ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืจืง ืกื™ื ื™ื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืฉืคื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช."
03:12
All of these speakers, by the way, are young women,
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ื›ืœ ืืœื”, ืื’ื‘, ื”ืŸ ื ืฉื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช,
03:15
18 or 19 years old.
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ื‘ื ื•ืช 18-19.
03:18
So I spent two years getting to know assembly line workers
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ื”ืงื“ืฉืชื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืงื•ื•ื™-ื”ืจื›ื‘ื”
03:21
like these in the south China factory city called Dongguan.
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ื›ืžื• ืืœื”, ืฉื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื”ืกื™ื ื™ืช ื“ื•ื ื’ื•ืืŸ.
03:25
Certain subjects came up over and over:
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ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืขืœื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘:
03:28
how much money they made,
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ื›ืžื” ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืŸ ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื•ืช,
03:29
what kind of husband they hoped to marry,
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ืขื ืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืŸ ืžืงื•ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ,
03:32
whether they should jump to another factory
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ื”ืื ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžืคืขืœ ืื—ืจ
03:34
or stay where they were.
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ืื• ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืคืขืœ.
03:36
Other subjects came up almost never, including
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ื™ืฉ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืœื ืขืœื•.
03:38
living conditions that to me looked close to prison life:
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ืœืžืฉืœ ืชื ืื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืฉื ืจืื• ืœื™ ื›ืžื• ื‘ื›ืœื:
03:42
10 or 15 workers in one room,
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10 ืื• 15 ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืื—ื“,
03:44
50 people sharing a single bathroom,
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50 ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื,
03:47
days and nights ruled by the factory clock.
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ื•ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื”ืžืคืขืœ ืฉื ื™ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืœื™ืœื•ืช.
03:51
Everyone they knew lived in similar circumstances,
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ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ื—ื™ ื›ื›ื”.
03:54
and it was still better than the dormitories and homes
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื•ื”ื‘ืชื™ื
03:57
of rural China.
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ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ืช.
04:00
The workers rarely spoke about the products they made,
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ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืœื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื•ืช,
04:02
and they often had great difficulty explaining
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ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื• ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ
04:05
what exactly they did.
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ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื•ืช.
04:07
When I asked Lu Qingmin,
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ื›ืฉืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ืœื• ืฆ'ื™ื ื’ืžื™ืŸ,
04:09
the young woman I got to know best,
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ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื” ืฉืื•ืชื” ื–ื›ื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘,
04:11
what exactly she did on the factory floor,
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ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืขืœ ืจื™ืฆืคืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ,
04:13
she said something to me in Chinese that sounded like
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ืœื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืกื™ื ื™ืช ืฉื ืฉืžืข ื›ืžื•
04:16
"qiu xi."
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"ืงื™ื• ืฉื™."
04:18
Only much later did I realize that she had been saying
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ืจืง ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”,
04:21
"QC," or quality control.
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ืงื™ื•-ืกื™, ืื• "ื‘ืงืจืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช".
04:24
She couldn't even tell me what she did on the factory floor.
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ื”ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื™ื“ืขื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื™ ืžื” ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื‘ืจื™ืฆืคืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ.
04:28
All she could do was parrot a garbled abbreviation
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ืืœื ืจืง ืœื—ืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฉ ืจืืฉื™-ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื
04:30
in a language she didn't even understand.
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ื‘ืฉืคื” ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ื ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ื”.
04:34
Karl Marx saw this as the tragedy of capitalism,
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ืงืจืœ ืžืจืงืก ืจืื” ื‘ื›ืš ืืช ื”ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ื–ื:
04:38
the alienation of the worker from the product of his labor.
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ ืขืžืœ ื›ืคื™ื•.
04:42
Unlike, say, a traditional maker of shoes or cabinets,
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ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื™ืฆืจืŸ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ ืฉืœ ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืื• ืฉื™ื“ื•ืช, ืœืžืฉืœ,
04:45
the worker in an industrial factory has no control,
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ืœืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืžืคืขืœ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”,
04:49
no pleasure, and no true satisfaction or understanding
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืœื ืฉื•ืื‘ืช ืฉื•ื ื”ื ืื”, ืกื™ืคื•ืง ืื• ื”ื‘ื ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื
04:52
in her own work.
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ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื”.
04:54
But like so many theories that Marx arrived at
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ืืš ื›ืžื• ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื›ื” ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืžืจืงืก ื’ื™ื‘ืฉ
04:56
sitting in the reading room of the British Museum,
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ื›ืฉื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™,
04:59
he got this one wrong.
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ื”ื•ื ื˜ืขื” ื’ื ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
05:02
Just because a person spends her time
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื™ ืžืงื“ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื–ืžื ื”
05:04
making a piece of something does not mean
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื—ืœืง ืžืžืฉื”ื• ืœื ืื•ืžืจืช
05:07
that she becomes that, a piece of something.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืฆืžื” ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœื—ืœืง ืžืžืฉื”ื•.
05:10
What she does with the money she earns,
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืขื ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื”,
05:13
what she learns in that place, and how it changes her,
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ืช ืฉื, ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื–ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืื•ืชื” -
05:16
these are the things that matter.
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ืืœื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื.
05:19
What a factory makes is never the point, and
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ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื” ื”ืžืคืขืœ ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ
05:21
the workers could not care less who buys their products.
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ื•ืœืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ืœื ืื™ื›ืคืช ืžื™ ืงื•ื ื” ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื.
05:25
Journalistic coverage of Chinese factories,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืกื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืŸ
05:28
on the other hand, plays up this relationship
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ืžื ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื”
05:30
between the workers and the products they make.
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ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืœืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื•ืช.
05:33
Many articles calculate: How long would it take
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ืžืืžืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื: ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ
05:36
for this worker to work in order to earn enough money
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ืœืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื–ื” ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ื“ื™ ื›ืกืฃ
05:39
to buy what he's making?
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ?
05:41
For example, an entry-level-line assembly line worker
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืขืžื“ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืงื• ื”ื”ืจื›ื‘ื”
05:44
in China in an iPhone plant would have to shell out
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ื‘ืžืคืขืœ "ืื™ื™ืคื•ืŸ" ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืชื™ืืœืฅ ืœืคืจื•ืข
05:47
two and a half months' wages for an iPhone.
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ืฉื›ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื ื•ืช "ืื™ื™ืคื•ืŸ".
05:51
But how meaningful is this calculation, really?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื‘ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื–ื”?
05:54
For example, I recently wrote an article
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืžืืžืจ
05:56
in The New Yorker magazine,
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ื‘ื™ืจื—ื•ืŸ "ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืงืจ",
05:57
but I can't afford to buy an ad in it.
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ืืš ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ื“ื™ ื›ืกืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื• ืฉื˜ื— ืคืจืกื•ื.
06:00
But, who cares? I don't want an ad in The New Yorker,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื™ื›ืคืช ืœื™? ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืคืจืกื ื‘"ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืงืจ",
06:02
and most of these workers don't really want iPhones.
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ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืจื•ืฆื•ืช "ืื™ื™ืคื•ืŸ".
06:05
Their calculations are different.
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ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
06:08
How long should I stay in this factory?
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ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืžืคืขืœ ื”ื–ื”?
06:10
How much money can I save?
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ื›ืžื” ื›ืกืฃ ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ืกื•ืš?
06:12
How much will it take to buy an apartment or a car,
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ืœื›ืžื” ื›ืกืฃ ืื–ื“ืงืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื“ื™ืจื” ืื• ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช,
06:15
to get married, or to put my child through school?
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ, ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื™"ืก?
06:19
The workers I got to know had a curiously abstract
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ืœืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื›ืจืชื™ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื—ืก ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ ื•ืžืกืงืจืŸ
06:22
relationship with the product of their labor.
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ืœืคืจื™ ืขืžืœ ื›ืคื™ื”ืŸ.
06:26
About a year after I met Lu Qingmin, or Min,
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ื›ืฉื ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืืช ืœื• ืงื™ื ื’ืžื™ืŸ, ืื• ืžื™ืŸ,
06:29
she invited me home to her family village
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืื•ืชื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”, ืœื›ืคืจ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื”,
06:31
for the Chinese New Year.
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ืœื—ื’ื•ื’ ืืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืกื™ื ื™.
06:33
On the train home, she gave me a present:
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ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื ื ืชื ื” ืœื™ ืžืชื ื”:
06:36
a Coach brand change purse with brown leather trim.
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ืืจื ืง ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ "ืงื•ืืฅ'" ืขื ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ ืขื•ืจ ื—ื•ื.
06:40
I thanked her, assuming it was fake,
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ื”ื•ื“ื™ืชื™ ืœื”, ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื–ื” ื•ื“ืื™ ื—ื™ืงื•ื™,
06:42
like almost everything else for sale in Dongguan.
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ื ื’ื•ืืŸ.
06:45
After we got home, Min gave her mother another present:
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื’ืขื ื•, ืžื™ืŸ ื ืชื ื” ื’ื ืœืื™ืžื” ืžืชื ื”:
06:49
a pink Dooney & Bourke handbag,
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ืชื™ืง-ื™ื“ ื•ืจื•ื“ ืฉืœ "ื“ื•ื ื™ ืื ื“ ื‘ื•ืจืง",
06:51
and a few nights later, her sister was showing off
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ื•ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืื—ื•ืชื” ื”ืชืคืืจื”
06:53
a maroon LeSportsac shoulder bag.
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ื‘ืชื™ืง-ืฆื“ ื—ื•ื-ืขืจืžื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ "ืœื”-ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืกืง".
06:57
Slowly it was dawning on me that these handbags
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ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ื”ืืœื”
07:01
were made by their factory,
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ื™ื•ืฆืจื• ื‘ืžืคืขืœ ืฉืœื”ืŸ,
07:03
and every single one of them was authentic.
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ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ืจื™.
07:06
Min's sister said to her parents,
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ืื—ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืŸ ืืžืจื” ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื”,
07:08
"In America, this bag sells for 320 dollars."
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"ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ื”ืชื™ืง ื”ื–ื” ื ืžื›ืจ ื‘-320 ื“ื•ืœืจ."
07:12
Her parents, who are both farmers, looked on, speechless.
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ื”ื•ืจื™ื”, ืื™ื›ืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ื”ื, ื‘ื”ื• ื‘ื” ื‘ืืœื.
07:15
"And that's not all -- Coach is coming out with a new line,
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"ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื›ืœ - 'ืงื•ืืฅ'' ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืขื ืงื• ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉ,
07:17
2191," she said. "One bag will sell for 6,000."
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"2191," ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”. "ื›ืœ ืชื™ืง ื™ืขืœื” 6,000."
07:22
She paused and said, "I don't know if that's 6,000 yuan or
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ื”ื™ื ืขืฆืจื” ืจื’ืข ื•ืืžืจื”, "ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืื ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืื ื™ื,
07:26
6,000 American dollars, but anyway, it's 6,000." (Laughter)
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ืื• ื‘ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื. ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ, ื–ื” 6,000." (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:32
Min's sister's boyfriend, who had traveled home with her
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืื—ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืŸ, ืฉื ืกืข ืื™ืชื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”
07:35
for the new year, said,
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ืœืžืกื™ื‘ืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”, ืืžืจ,
07:37
"It doesn't look like it's worth that much."
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"ื–ื” ืœื ื ืจืื” ื™ืงืจ ื›ืœ ื›ืš."
07:40
Min's sister turned to him and said, "Some people actually
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ืื—ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืŸ ืคื ืชื” ืืœื™ื• ื•ืืžืจื”, "ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื
07:42
understand these things. You don't understand shit."
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ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”. ืืชื” ืœื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš."
07:46
(Laughter) (Applause)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง] [ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
07:51
In Min's world, the Coach bags had a curious currency.
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ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืŸ, ืœืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœ "ืงื•ืืฅ'" ื”ื™ื” ืขืจืš ืžืฉื•ื ื”.
07:55
They weren't exactly worthless, but they were nothing
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ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื—ืกืจื™-ืขืจืš, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื ื”ืชืงืจื‘ื•
07:57
close to the actual value, because almost no one they knew
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ืœืขืจืš ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœื”ื, ื›ื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืื™ืฉ ืžืžื›ืจื™ื”ืŸ
08:00
wanted to buy one, or knew how much it was worth.
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ืœื ืจืฆื” ืœืงื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืื• ื™ื“ืข ื›ืžื” ื”ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื.
08:04
Once, when Min's older sister's friend got married,
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ืคืขื, ื›ืฉื—ื‘ืจืชื” ืฉืœ ืื—ื•ืชื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืชื—ืชื ื”,
08:07
she brought a handbag along as a wedding present.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืื™ืชื” ืชื™ืง-ื™ื“ ื›ืžืชื ืช ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ.
08:10
Another time, after Min had already left
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ื‘ืคืขื ืื—ืจืช, ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืžื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื–ื‘ื”
08:12
the handbag factory, her younger sister came to visit,
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ืืช ืžืคืขืœ ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื, ืื—ื•ืชื” ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื‘ืื” ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ,
08:15
bringing two Coach Signature handbags as gifts.
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ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื›ืžืชื ื” ืฉื ื™ ืชื™ืงื™ "ืงื•ืืฅ' ืกื™ื’ื ืฆ'ื•ืจ".
08:19
I looked in the zippered pocket of one,
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ื”ืฆืฆืชื™ ื‘ื›ื™ืก ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ื›ืกืŸ ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื,
08:21
and I found a printed card in English, which read,
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ื•ืžืฆืืชื™ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืžื•ื“ืคืก ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ:
08:26
"An American classic.
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"ืงืœืืกื™ืงื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช.
08:29
In 1941, the burnished patina
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ื‘-1941, ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ื™ ื”ืžื‘ืจื™ืง
08:31
of an all-American baseball glove
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ืฉืœ ื›ืคืคืช ื”ื‘ื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš
08:34
inspired the founder of Coach to create
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ื ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืจืื” ืœืžื™ื™ืกื“ 'ืงื•ืืฅ''
08:36
a new collection of handbags from the same
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืชื™ืงื™-ื™ื“
08:38
luxuriously soft gloved-hand leather.
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ืžืื•ืชื• ืขื•ืจ-ื›ืคืคื” ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ ื•ืจืš.
08:42
Six skilled leatherworkers crafted 12 Signature handbags
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6 ืื•ืžื ื™ ืขื•ืจ ื™ืฆืจื• 12 ืชื™ืงื™-ื™ื“ ื—ืชื•ืžื™ื
08:46
with perfect proportions and a timeless flair.
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ื‘ืขืœื™ ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ ืขืœ-ื–ืžื ื™.
08:50
They were fresh, functional, and women everywhere
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืจืขื ื ื™ื, ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื™ื, ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื
08:52
adored them. A new American classic was born."
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ืžืชื• ืขืœื™ื”ื. ื ื•ืœื“ื” ืงืœืืกื™ืงื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช."
08:57
I wonder what Karl Marx would have made of Min
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ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืงืจืœ ืžืจืงืก ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืžื™ืŸ
09:00
and her sisters.
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ื•ืขืœ ืื—ื™ื•ืชื™ื”.
09:02
Their relationship with the product of their labor
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ื™ื—ืกื™ื”ืŸ ืขื ืคืจื™ ืขืžืœ ื›ืคื™ื”ืŸ
09:04
was more complicated, surprising and funny
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ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื, ืžืคืชื™ืขื™ื ื•ืžืฉืขืฉืขื™ื
09:07
than he could have imagined.
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ืžื›ืื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ืขืชื•.
09:09
And yet, his view of the world persists, and our tendency
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืงืคืชื• ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ืขืฉืชื” ืจื•ื•ื—ืช, ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื ื˜ื™ื™ืชื ื•
09:12
to see the workers as faceless masses,
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ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื,
09:14
to imagine that we can know what they're really thinking.
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ื•ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.
09:18
The first time I met Min, she had just turned 18
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ื›ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืืช ืžื™ืŸ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื ื›ื ืกื” ืœืฉื ืชื” ื”-18
09:22
and quit her first job on the assembly line
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ื•ื”ืชืคื˜ืจื” ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื” ื‘ืงื•-ื”ื”ืจื›ื‘ื”
09:24
of an electronics factory.
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ื‘ืžืคืขืœ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืงื”.
09:27
Over the next two years, I watched as she switched jobs
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ื‘ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ืฆืคื™ืชื™ ื‘ื” ืžื—ืœื™ืคื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช
09:29
five times, eventually landing a lucrative post
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ื—ืžืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžื›ื ื™ืก
09:32
in the purchasing department of a hardware factory.
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ื‘ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืจื›ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžืคืขืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื”.
09:36
Later, she married a fellow migrant worker,
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ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื ื™ืฉืื” ืœืžื”ื’ืจ-ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืžื•ื”,
09:38
moved with him to his village,
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ืขื‘ืจื” ืœื’ื•ืจ ืื™ืชื• ื‘ื›ืคืจ ืฉืœื•,
09:40
gave birth to two daughters,
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ื™ืœื“ื” ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื ื•ืช,
09:43
and saved enough money to buy a secondhand Buick
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ื•ื—ืกื›ื” ื“ื™ ื›ืกืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื ื•ืช "ื‘ื™ื•ืื™ืง" ื™ื“ ืฉื ื™ื”
09:45
for herself and an apartment for her parents.
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ืœืขืฆืžื”, ื•ื“ื™ืจื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ืจื™ื”.
09:49
She recently returned to Dongguan on her own
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ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื“ื•ื ื’ื•ืืŸ ืžื™ื•ื–ืžืชื”,
09:52
to take a job in a factory that makes construction cranes,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืžืคืขืœ ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžื ื•ืคื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ,
09:56
temporarily leaving her husband and children
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ื•ืขื–ื‘ื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืืช ื‘ืขืœื” ื•ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื”
09:58
back in the village.
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ื‘ื›ืคืจ.
10:00
In a recent email to me, she explained,
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ื‘ื“ื•ืืœ ืฉืฉืœื—ื” ืœื™ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื”,
10:03
"A person should have some ambition while she is young
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"ื‘ื—ื•ืจื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื” ืฉืื™ืคื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืชื”,
10:07
so that in old age she can look back on her life
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœืขืช ื–ื™ืงื ื” ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”
10:09
and feel that it was not lived to no purpose."
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ื•ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืฉื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืœื™ ืžื˜ืจื”."
10:14
Across China, there are 150 million workers like her,
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ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืกื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ 150 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื›ืžื•ื”,
10:19
one third of them women, who have left their villages
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ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืŸ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื–ื‘ื• ืืช ื›ืคืจื™ื”ืŸ
10:21
to work in the factories, the hotels, the restaurants
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืžืคืขืœื™ื, ื‘ืžืœื•ื ื•ืช, ื‘ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช
10:25
and the construction sites of the big cities.
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ื•ื‘ืืชืจื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช.
10:28
Together, they make up the largest migration in history,
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ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื”ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”,
10:31
and it is globalization, this chain that begins
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ื•ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื”, ื”ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื–ืืช ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื”
10:34
in a Chinese farming village
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ื‘ื›ืคืจ ืื™ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืŸ
10:37
and ends with iPhones in our pockets and Nikes on our feet
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ื•ืกื•ืคื” ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ "ืื™ื™ืคื•ืŸ" ื‘ื›ื™ืกื™ื ื• ื‘ื ืขืœื™ "ื ื™ื™ืงื™" ืขืœ ื›ืคื•ืช ืจื’ืœื™ื ื•,
10:41
and Coach handbags on our arms
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ื•ืชื™ืงื™-ื™ื“ ืฉืœ "ืงื•ืืฅ'" ืขืœ ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืชื™ื ื•
10:43
that has changed the way these millions of people
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืฉื™ื ืชื” ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”
10:45
work and marry and live and think.
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ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ืžืชื—ืชื ื™ื, ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.
10:50
Very few of them would want to go back
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ืžืขื˜ื™ื ืžืื“ ืžื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ
10:52
to the way things used to be.
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ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืคืขื.
10:55
When I first went to Dongguan, I worried that
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ื›ืฉื‘ืืชื™ ืœื“ื•ื ื’ื•ืืŸ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ื“ืื’ืช
10:58
it would be depressing to spend so much time with workers.
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ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื›ื ืœืฉื”ื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื” ืจื‘ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืฆืชื ืฉืœ ืคื•ืขืœื™ื.
11:02
I also worried that nothing would ever happen to them,
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ื“ืื’ืชื™ ื’ื ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ืงืจื” ืื™ืชื ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ,
11:05
or that they would have nothing to say to me.
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ืื• ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืžื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื™.
11:08
Instead, I found young women who were smart and funny
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื” ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช ืคืงื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ื™ืคื™ื•ืช,
11:10
and brave and generous.
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ื•ืืžื™ืฆื•ืช ื•ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช.
11:13
By opening up their lives to me,
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืŸ ืคืชื—ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ืŸ,
11:16
they taught me so much about factories
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ื”ืŸ ืœื™ืžื“ื• ืื•ืชื™ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืžืคืขืœื™ื
11:18
and about China and about how to live in the world.
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ื•ืขืœ ืกื™ืŸ ื•ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
11:24
This is the Coach purse that Min gave me
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืืจื ืง ืฉืœ "ืงื•ืืฅ'" ืฉืžื™ืŸ ื ืชื ื” ืœื™
11:27
on the train home to visit her family.
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ื›ืฉื ืกืขื ื• ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ืœื‘ืงืจ ืืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื”.
11:29
I keep it with me to remind me of the ties that tie me
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ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืžืจืช ืื•ืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื™ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื™
11:32
to the young women I wrote about,
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ืœืฆืขื™ืจื” ืฉืขืœื™ื” ื›ืชื‘ืชื™,
11:35
ties that are not economic but personal in nature,
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ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืืœื ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืื•ืคื™ื•,
11:39
measured not in money but in memories.
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ืฉืœื ื ืžื“ื“ ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ืืœื ื‘ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
11:43
This purse is also a reminder that the things that you imagine,
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ื”ืืจื ืง ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืชื–ื›ื•ืจืช ืœื›ืš ืฉืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื“ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื
11:46
sitting in your office or in the library,
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ื›ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืื• ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื”,
11:50
are not how you find them when you actually go out
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ืื™ื ื ืื•ืชื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžื’ืœื™ื ื›ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”
11:52
into the world.
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ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
11:53
Thank you. (Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”. [ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
11:55
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
12:02
Chris Anderson: Thank you, Leslie, that was an insight
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ื›ืจื™ืก ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ: ืชื•ื“ื”, ืœืกืœื™, ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืชื•ื‘ื ื”
12:04
that a lot of us haven't had before.
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ืฉื—ืกืจื” ืœืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื•.
12:07
But I'm curious. If you had a minute, say,
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ืืš ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™, ื ื ื™ื— ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื“ืงื”
12:10
with Apple's head of manufacturing,
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ืขื ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ "ืืคืœ",
12:14
what would you say?
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ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืช ืื•ืžืจืช?
12:16
Leslie Chang: One minute?
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ืœืกืœื™ ืฆ'ืื ื’: ื“ืงื” ืื—ืช?
12:17
CA: One minute. (Laughter)
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ื›"ื: ื“ืงื” ืื—ืช. [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
12:19
LC: You know, what really impressed me about the workers
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ืœ"ืฆ: ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื”ืจืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืืฆืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช
12:21
is how much they're self-motivated, self-driven,
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ื”ื™ื” ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ืŸ ืžืœืื•ืช ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื”, ื ื—ื•ืฉื•ืช,
12:24
resourceful, and the thing that struck me,
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ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช-ืชื•ืฉื™ื”, ื•ื”ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชื™,
12:27
what they want most is education, to learn,
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ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื”ืฉื›ืœื”, ืœืœืžื•ื“,
12:30
because most of them come from very poor backgrounds.
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ื›ื™ ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืช ืžืจืงืข ืฉืœ ืขื•ื ื™ ืจื‘.
12:31
They usually left school when they were in 7th or 8th grade.
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ืจื•ื‘ืŸ ื ืฉืจื• ืžื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื–' ืื• ื—'.
12:34
Their parents are often illiterate,
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ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“"ื› ืื™ื ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืงืจื•ื ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘,
12:36
and then they come to the city, and they, on their own,
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ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืขื™ืจ, ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื–ืžืชืŸ,
12:39
at night, during the weekends, they'll take a computer class,
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ื‘ืœื™ืœื•ืช, ื‘ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื”ืŸ ืœื•ืงื—ื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘,
12:41
they'll take an English class, and learn
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ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ื•ื”ืŸ ืœื•ืžื“ื•ืช
12:43
really, really rudimentary things, you know,
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืืœืžื ื˜ืจื™ื™ื,
12:46
like how to type a document in Word,
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ื›ืžื• ืœื”ืงืœื™ื“ ืžืกืžืš ื‘"ื•ื•ืจื“",
12:47
or how to say really simple things in English.
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ืื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”.
12:50
So, if you really want to help these workers,
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ืื– ืื ืืชื” ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
12:52
start these small, very focused, very pragmatic classes
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ืชื™ื–ื•ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™-ืžืกื’ืจืช, ืžืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื ืžืื“
12:55
in these schools, and what's going to happen is,
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ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืืœื”, ื•ืžื” ืฉื™ืงืจื” ื”ื•ื,
12:58
all your workers are going to move on,
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ื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื”ืœืื”,
13:00
but hopefully they'll move on into higher jobs within Apple,
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ืืš ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉื”ืŸ ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื”ืœืื” ืœืžืฉืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘"ืืคืœ",
13:03
and you can help their social mobility
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ื•ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืชืš ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ
13:06
and their self-improvement.
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ื•ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
13:07
When you talk to workers, that's what they want.
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ื›ืฉืžืฉื•ื—ื—ื™ื ืขื ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช, ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื•ืช.
13:09
They do not say, "I want better hot water in the showers.
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ื”ืŸ ืœื ืื•ืžืจื•ืช, "ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื ื—ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืงืœื—ืช.
13:12
I want a nicer room. I want a TV set."
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ื—ื“ืจ ื ื—ืžื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”."
13:14
I mean, it would be nice to have those things,
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ื—ืžื“ ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
13:15
but that's not why they're in the city,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื”ืŸ ื‘ืื• ืืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ,
13:16
and that's not what they care about.
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ื•ืœื ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื™ื›ืคืช ืœื”ืŸ.
13:19
CA: Was there a sense from them of a narrative that
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ื›"ื: ื”ืื ืงื™ื‘ืœืช ืžื”ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืฉื”
13:22
things were kind of tough and bad, or was there a narrative
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ืฉื”ืžืฆื‘ ืงืฉื” ื•ืจืข, ืื• ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื ื™ืžื”
13:26
of some kind of level of growth, that things over time
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ืฉืœ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช, ืฉื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ
13:29
were getting better?
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ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืžืฉืชืคืจ?
13:30
LC: Oh definitely, definitely. I mean, you know,
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ืœ"ืฆ: ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜. ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜. ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข,
13:32
it was interesting, because I spent basically two years
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืฆื ื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื
13:34
hanging out in this city, Dongguan,
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ื‘ื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ, ื‘ื“ื•ื ื’ื•ืืŸ,
13:36
and over that time, you could see immense change
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ื•ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื
13:39
in every person's life: upward, downward, sideways,
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ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื: ืœืžืขืœื”, ืœืžื˜ื”, ื”ืฆื™ื“ื”,
13:41
but generally upward.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ืœืžืขืœื”.
13:43
If you spend enough time, it's upward, and I met people
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ืื ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง, ื–ื” ืœืžืขืœื”, ื•ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืื ืฉื™ื
13:45
who had moved to the city 10 years ago, and who are now
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ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืœืขื™ืจ ืœืคื ื™ 10 ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื”
13:47
basically urban middle class people,
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ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™,
13:49
so the trajectory is definitely upward.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื”.
13:51
It's just hard to see when you're suddenly
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืงืฉื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืฉื ืฉืื‘ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืช-ืื—ืช
13:53
sucked into the city. It looks like everyone's poor and
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ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ. ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื›ื•ืœื ืขื ื™ื™ื
13:55
desperate, but that's not really how it is.
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ื•ื ื•ืืฉื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื›ืš.
13:57
Certainly, the factory conditions are really tough,
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ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื”ืชื ืื™ื ื‘ืžืคืขืœ ื‘ืืžืช ืงืฉื™ื,
13:59
and it's nothing you or I would want to do,
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ื•ื–ื• ืœื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืืชื” ืื• ืื ื™ ื ืจืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
14:02
but from their perspective, where they're coming from
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ื, ื”ืžืงื•ื ืžืžื ื• ื‘ืื•
14:05
is much worse, and where they're going
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ื’ืจื•ืข ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื•ื”ื ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืฉืœืืŸ ืฉื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื
14:07
is hopefully much better, and I just wanted to give
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ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื•ืื ื™ ืจืง ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื
14:09
that context of what's going on in their minds,
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ืืช ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœื”ื ื‘ืจืืฉ,
14:11
not what necessarily is going on in yours.
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ื•ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืืช ืžื” ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจืืฉ ืฉืœื›ื.
14:13
CA: Thanks so much for your talk.
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ื›"ื: ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืš ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆืืชืš.
14:15
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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ื‘ืืžืช ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”. [ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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