Leslie T. Chang: The voices of China's workers

225,938 views ใƒป 2012-09-12

TED


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Sami Al-Awwad ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Anwar Dafa-Alla
00:16
Hi. So I'd like to talk a little bit about the people
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ู…ุฑุญุจุง. ุงูˆุฏ ุงู† ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
00:18
who make the things we use every day:
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุตู†ุนูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุณุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู…:
00:20
our shoes, our handbags, our computers and cell phones.
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ุฃุญุฐูŠุชู†ุงุŒ ุญู‚ุงุฆุจู†ุงุŒ ุญูˆุงุณุจู†ุง ูˆ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงู„ุงุช.
00:24
Now, this is a conversation that often calls up a lot of guilt.
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุญุงุฏุซุฉ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุชุณุชุฏุนูŠ ุงู„ุดุนูˆุฑ ุจุงู„ุฐู†ุจ.
00:29
Imagine the teenage farm girl who makes less than
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ุชุฎูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุฒุงุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‡ู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูƒุณุจ ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู†
00:32
a dollar an hour stitching your running shoes,
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ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ููŠ ุฎูŠุงุทุฉ ุญุฐุงุก ุงู„ุฌุฑูŠ ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจูƒุŒ
00:35
or the young Chinese man who jumps off a rooftop
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ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุดุงุจ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู‚ูุฒ ู…ู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ
00:38
after working overtime assembling your iPad.
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ุจุนุฏ ุฅู†ู‡ุงุก ุนู…ู„ ุฅุถุงููŠ ูŠุฌู…ุน ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุขูŠุจุงุฏ ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจูƒ.
00:42
We, the beneficiaries of globalization, seem to exploit
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ู†ุญู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุณุชููŠุฏูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุนูˆู„ู…ุฉุŒ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุงู† ุงุณุชุบู„ุงู„
00:45
these victims with every purchase we make,
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ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุถุญุงูŠุง ู…ุน ูƒู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุดุฑุงุก ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡ุงุŒ
00:48
and the injustice
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ูˆุงู„ุธู„ู…
00:50
feels embedded in the products themselves.
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ู…ูุชุถู…ู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุช ู†ูุณู‡ุง.
00:53
After all, what's wrong with a world in which a worker
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ุจุนุฏ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุกุŒ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎุทุฃ ููŠ ุนุงู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุนุงู…ู„
00:55
on an iPhone assembly line can't even afford to buy one?
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ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุท ุชุฌู…ูŠุน ุงูŠ ููˆู† ู„ุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุญุชู‰ ุดุฑุงุก ูˆุงุญุฏุŸ
00:59
It's taken for granted that Chinese factories are oppressive,
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ุงูุชุฎุฐุช ูƒู…ุณู„ู…ุฉ ุจู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุตุงู†ุน ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ ู‚ู…ุนูŠุฉุŒ
01:02
and that it's our desire for cheap goods
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ูˆุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุฑุบุจุชู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุณู„ุน ุงู„ุฑุฎูŠุตุฉ
01:05
that makes them so.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฌุนู„ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุฐู„ูƒ.
01:07
So, this simple narrative equating Western demand
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุงู„ุจุณูŠุท ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุทู„ุจ ุงู„ุบุฑุจูŠ
01:11
and Chinese suffering is appealing,
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุนุงู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุฌุฐุงุจุฉุŒ
01:14
especially at a time when many of us already feel guilty
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ูˆู„ุง ุณูŠู…ุง ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ูŠุดุนุฑ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุง ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุจุงู„ุฐู†ุจ
01:16
about our impact on the world,
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ุชุฌุงู‡ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
01:19
but it's also inaccurate and disrespectful.
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ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ุฃูŠุถุง ุบูŠุฑ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ ูˆุบูŠุฑ ู…ุญุชุฑู….
01:23
We must be peculiarly self-obsessed to imagine that we
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ูŠุฌุจุฏ ุฃู† ู†ูƒูˆู† ุบุฑูŠุจูŠู† ู…ู‡ูˆูˆุณูŠู† ุจุฃู†ูุณู†ุง ู„ู†ุชุตูˆุฑ ุฃู†
01:26
have the power to drive tens of millions of people
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ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฏูุน ุนุดุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
01:29
on the other side of the world to migrate and suffer
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‡ุฌุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุนุงู†ุงุฉ
01:31
in such terrible ways.
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ุจุทุฑู‚ ู…ุฑูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุจูŠู„.
01:34
In fact, China makes goods for markets all over the world,
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ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ ุงู„ุตูŠู† ุชุตู†ุน ุงู„ุณู„ุน ู„ุฃุณูˆุงู‚ ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
01:37
including its own, thanks to a combination of factors:
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ุจู…ุง ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงุณูˆุงู‚ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉุŒ ุจุณุจุจ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„:
01:41
its low costs, its large and educated workforce,
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ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ุชูƒุงู„ูŠูู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ู‚ูˆู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู…ุฉุŒ
01:44
and a flexible manufacturing system
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ูˆู†ุธุงู… ุชุตู†ูŠุน ู…ุฑู†
01:47
that responds quickly to market demands.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุณุชุฌูŠุจ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ู„ู…ุชุทู„ุจุงุช ุงู„ุณูˆู‚.
01:50
By focusing so much on ourselves and our gadgets,
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ุจุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ูƒุซูŠุฑุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ูุณู†ุง ูˆุฃุฏูˆุงุชู†ุงุŒ
01:53
we have rendered the individuals on the other end
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ู‚ุฏู†ุง โ€‹โ€‹ุงู„ุฃูุฑุงุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ
01:55
into invisibility, as tiny and interchangeable
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎูุงุกุŒ ูˆุฃู† ูŠุตุจุญูˆุง ุตุบุงุฑ ู‚ุงุจู„ูŠู† ู„ู„ุชุจุฏูŠู„
01:59
as the parts of a mobile phone.
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ูƒุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงู„ู‡ุงุชู ุงู„ู…ุญู…ูˆู„.
02:02
Chinese workers are not forced into factories
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ุงู„ุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠูˆู† ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจุฑูˆู† ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุงู†ุน
02:04
because of our insatiable desire for iPods.
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ุจุณุจุจ ุฑุบุจุชู†ุง ุงู„ุฌุดุนุฉ ู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงูŠ ุจูˆุฏ.
02:07
They choose to leave their homes in order to earn money,
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ุงุฎุชุงุฑูˆุง ู…ุบุงุฏุฑุฉ ู…ู†ุงุฒู„ู‡ู… ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ูƒุณุจ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ุŒ
02:10
to learn new skills, and to see the world.
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ู„ุชุนู„ู… ู…ู‡ุงุฑุงุช ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุฑุคูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
02:14
In the ongoing debate about globalization, what's
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ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุด ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนูˆู„ู…ุฉุŒ ู…ุง
02:16
been missing is the voices of the workers themselves.
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ูƒุงู† ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃุตูˆุงุช ุงู„ุนู…ุงู„ ุฃู†ูุณู‡ู….
02:20
Here are a few.
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ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุนุฏุฏ ู‚ู„ูŠู„.
02:22
Bao Yongxiu: "My mother tells me to come home
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Bao Yongxiu: "ูˆุงู„ุฏุชูŠ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃุฑุฌุน ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูŠุช
02:26
and get married, but if I marry now, before I have fully
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ูˆุฃุชุฒูˆุฌุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ุชุฒูˆุฌุช ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ุฃูƒูˆู‘ู† ู†ูุณูŠ
02:29
developed myself, I can only marry an ordinary worker,
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ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ุŒ ุฃุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุฃุชุฒูˆุฌ ุนุงู…ู„ ุนุงุฏูŠุŒ
02:33
so I'm not in a rush."
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃู†ุง ู„ุณุช ููŠ ุนุฌู„ุฉ ."
02:36
Chen Ying: "When I went home for the new year,
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ุชุดู† ูŠูŠู†ุบ: "ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฐู‡ุจุช ุงู„ุจูŠุช ู„ู„ุนุงู… ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุŒ
02:39
everyone said I had changed. They asked me,
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ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ู‚ุงู„ ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏ ุชุบูŠุฑุช. ุทู„ุจูˆุง ู…ู†ูŠุŒ
02:42
what did you do that you have changed so much?
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ู…ุงุฐุง ูุนู„ุช ู„ูŠุญุฏุซ ู„ูƒ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุŸ
02:45
I told them that I studied and worked hard. If you tell them
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ู‚ู„ุช ู„ู‡ู… ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฏุฑุณุช ูˆุนู…ู„ุช ุจุฌุฏ. ุฅุฐุง ู‚ู„ุช ู„ู‡ู…
02:49
more, they won't understand anyway."
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ุฃูƒุซุฑุŒ ูู„ู† ูŠูู‡ู…ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุญุงู„. "
02:52
Wu Chunming: "Even if I make a lot of money,
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Wu Chunming: "ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ูƒุณุจุช ุงุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงู„ุŒ
02:55
it won't satisfy me.
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ูุฅู†ู‡ุง ู„ู† ุชุฑุถูŠู†ูŠ.
02:58
Just to make money is not enough meaning in life."
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ูู‚ุท ูƒุณุจ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ูƒุงููŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ."
03:02
Xiao Jin: "Now, after I get off work, I study English,
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Xiao Jin: "ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุจุนุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุฌุงุฒุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ุŒ ุฃุฏุฑุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉุŒ
03:07
because in the future, our customers won't
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุŒ ุนู…ู„ุงุฆู†ุง ู„ู†
03:08
be only Chinese, so we must learn more languages."
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ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู† ุตูŠู†ูŠู† ูู‚ุทุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ุบุงุช."
03:12
All of these speakers, by the way, are young women,
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ูƒู„ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุซูŠู†ุŒ ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉุŒ ู‡ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ุงู„ุดุงุจุงุชุŒ
03:15
18 or 19 years old.
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18 ุฃูˆ 19 ุณู†ุฉ.
03:18
So I spent two years getting to know assembly line workers
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู‚ุถูŠุช ุนุงู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ุงู„ ุฎุท ุชุฌู…ูŠุน
03:21
like these in the south China factory city called Dongguan.
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ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ู…ุตู†ุน ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุงู„ุตูŠู† ุชุณู…ู‰ ุฏูˆู†ุบู‚ูˆุงู†.
03:25
Certain subjects came up over and over:
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ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุถูŠุน ุชูƒุฑุฑุช ู…ุฑุงุฑุง:
03:28
how much money they made,
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ูƒู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ูƒุณุจูˆุงุŒ
03:29
what kind of husband they hoped to marry,
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ุฃูŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฒูˆุงุฌ ูŠุฃู…ู„ูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงุฌุŒ
03:32
whether they should jump to another factory
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ู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุตู†ุน ุขุฎุฑ
03:34
or stay where they were.
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ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุจู‚ุงุก ุญูŠุซ ู‡ู….
03:36
Other subjects came up almost never, including
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ู…ูˆุงุถูŠุน ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู„ู… ุชุทุฑุฃ ุฃุจุฏุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงุŒ ุจู…ุง ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ
03:38
living conditions that to me looked close to prison life:
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ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู ุงู„ู…ุนูŠุดูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุจุฏุช ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู† ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ุณุฌู†:
03:42
10 or 15 workers in one room,
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10 ุฃูˆ 15 ุนุงู…ู„ุง ููŠ ุบุฑูุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ
03:44
50 people sharing a single bathroom,
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50 ุดุฎุตุง ูŠุชู‚ุงุณู…ูˆู† ุญู…ุงู… ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ
03:47
days and nights ruled by the factory clock.
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ุฃูŠุงู… ูˆู„ูŠุงู„ ุชุญูƒู…ู‡ุง ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตู†ุน.
03:51
Everyone they knew lived in similar circumstances,
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ุฌู…ูŠุน ู…ู† ูŠุนุฑููˆู† ุนุงุดูˆุง ููŠ ุธุฑูˆู ู…ู…ุงุซู„ุฉุŒ
03:54
and it was still better than the dormitories and homes
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ูˆูƒุงู† ู„ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ ุฃูุถู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุน ูˆุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฒู„
03:57
of rural China.
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ุงู„ุฑูŠููŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูŠู†.
04:00
The workers rarely spoke about the products they made,
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ุงู„ุนู…ุงู„ ู†ุงุฏุฑุง ู…ุง ุชุญุฏุซูˆุง ุนู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุตู†ุนูˆู‡ุงุŒ
04:02
and they often had great difficulty explaining
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ูˆูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ููŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุตุนูˆุจุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ุดุฑุญ
04:05
what exactly they did.
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ู…ุง ูุนู„ูˆู‡ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท.
04:07
When I asked Lu Qingmin,
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ูˆู‚ุงู„ุช ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุณุฃู„ุช Lu QingminุŒ
04:09
the young woman I got to know best,
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ุงู…ุฑุฃุฉ ุดุงุจุฉ ุชุนุฑูุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุนู† ู‚ุฑุจุŒ
04:11
what exactly she did on the factory floor,
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ู…ุง ูุนู„ุชู‡ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตู†ุนุŒ
04:13
she said something to me in Chinese that sounded like
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ู‚ุงู„ุช ุดูŠุก ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุชุจุฏูˆ ู…ุซู„
04:16
"qiu xi."
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"qiu xi."
04:18
Only much later did I realize that she had been saying
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ูู‚ุท ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู„ุงุญู‚ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ุฃุฏุฑูƒุช ุฃู†ู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุชู‚ูˆู„
04:21
"QC," or quality control.
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"QC"ุŒ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ ุงู„ุฌูˆุฏุฉ.
04:24
She couldn't even tell me what she did on the factory floor.
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ู„ู… ุชุณุชุทุน ุญุชู‰ ุงู† ุงู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ูุนู„ุชู‡ ููŠ ุฃุฑุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตู†ุน.
04:28
All she could do was parrot a garbled abbreviation
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ูˆูƒุงู† ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูุนู„ู‡ ุงู† ุชุฑุฏุฏ ูƒุงู„ุจุจุบุงุก ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุงุช ู…ุดูˆู‡ู‡
04:30
in a language she didn't even understand.
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ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ู„ุง ุชูู‡ู…ู‡ุง.
04:34
Karl Marx saw this as the tragedy of capitalism,
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ูƒุงุฑู„ ู…ุงุฑูƒุณ ุฑุฃู‰ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฃุณุงุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณู…ุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ
04:38
the alienation of the worker from the product of his labor.
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ุงุบุชุฑุงุจ ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ ู…ู† ู†ุชุงุฌ ุนู…ู„ู‡.
04:42
Unlike, say, a traditional maker of shoes or cabinets,
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ุนู„ู‰ ุนูƒุณุŒ ู…ุซู„ุงุŒ ุตุงู†ุน ุงู„ุฃุญุฐูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฎุฒุงุฆู†ุŒ
04:45
the worker in an industrial factory has no control,
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ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ ููŠ ู…ุตู†ุน ู„ุง ูŠู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุณูŠุทุฑุฉุŒ
04:49
no pleasure, and no true satisfaction or understanding
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ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ุณุฑูˆุฑุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุฑุงุญุฉ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ูู‡ู…
04:52
in her own work.
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ููŠ ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง.
04:54
But like so many theories that Marx arrived at
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูˆุตู„ ู…ุงุฑูƒุณ ู„ู‡ุง
04:56
sitting in the reading room of the British Museum,
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ุฌุงู„ุณุง ููŠ ุบุฑูุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุชุญู ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠุŒ
04:59
he got this one wrong.
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ุฃุฎุทุฃ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡.
05:02
Just because a person spends her time
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ู„ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุงู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูŠู‚ุถูŠ ูˆู‚ุชู‡
05:04
making a piece of something does not mean
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ููŠ ุตู†ุน ู‚ุทุนุฉ ู…ู† ุดูŠุก ู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
05:07
that she becomes that, a piece of something.
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ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุตุจุญ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ู…ู† ุดูŠุก.
05:10
What she does with the money she earns,
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ู…ุง ุชูุนู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชูƒุณุจู‡ ุŒ
05:13
what she learns in that place, and how it changes her,
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ู…ุง ุชุชุนู„ู…ู‡ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ูˆูƒูŠู ูŠุบูŠุฑู‡ุงุŒ
05:16
these are the things that matter.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู‡ู….
05:19
What a factory makes is never the point, and
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ู…ุง ูŠู†ุชุฌ ู…ุตู†ุน ู„ูŠุณุช ุงุจุฏุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตุฏุŒ ูˆ
05:21
the workers could not care less who buys their products.
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ุงู„ุนู…ุงู„ ู„ุง ูŠู‡ู…ู‡ู… ู…ู† ูŠุดุชุฑูŠ ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุชู‡ู….
05:25
Journalistic coverage of Chinese factories,
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ุงู„ุชุบุทูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุญููŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุตุงู†ุน ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉุŒ
05:28
on the other hand, plays up this relationship
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ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ูŠู„ุนุจ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ
05:30
between the workers and the products they make.
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ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนู…ุงู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู‚ุฏู…ูˆู†ู‡ุง.
05:33
Many articles calculate: How long would it take
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ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุณุจ: ูƒู… ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุณูŠุณุชุบุฑู‚
05:36
for this worker to work in order to earn enough money
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ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ ู„ู„ุนู…ู„ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ูƒุณุจ ู…ุง ูŠูƒููŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงู„
05:39
to buy what he's making?
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ู„ุดุฑุงุก ู…ุง ูŠู†ุชุฌู‡ุŸ
05:41
For example, an entry-level-line assembly line worker
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ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ุนุงู…ู„ ุฎุท ุชุฌู…ูŠุน ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฏุฎูˆู„
05:44
in China in an iPhone plant would have to shell out
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ููŠ ุงู„ุตูŠู† ููŠ ู…ุตู†ุน ุงูŠ ููˆู† ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู†
05:47
two and a half months' wages for an iPhone.
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ูŠูˆูู‘ุฑ ุดู‡ุฑูŠู† ูˆู†ุตู ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑูˆุงุชุจ ู„ุดุฑุงุก ุงูŠ ููˆู†.
05:51
But how meaningful is this calculation, really?
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ู„ูƒู† ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุณุงุจุŒ ุญู‚ุงุŸ
05:54
For example, I recently wrote an article
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ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ูƒุชุจุช ู…ุคุฎุฑุง ู…ู‚ุงู„ุง
05:56
in The New Yorker magazine,
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ููŠ ู…ุฌู„ุฉ ู†ูŠูˆูŠูˆุฑูƒุฑุŒ
05:57
but I can't afford to buy an ad in it.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ุฃุณุชุทูŠุน ุชุญู…ู„ ุดุฑุงุก ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุฅุนู„ุงู†ุงุช ููŠู‡ุง.
06:00
But, who cares? I don't want an ad in The New Yorker,
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ุŒ ู…ู† ูŠู‡ุชู…ุŸ ุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุฅุนู„ุงู† ููŠ ู…ุฌู„ุฉ ู†ูŠูˆูŠูˆุฑูƒุฑุŒ
06:02
and most of these workers don't really want iPhones.
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ูˆู…ุนุธู… ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุนู…ุงู„ ู„ุง ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ุญู‚ุง ุงูŠ ููˆู†.
06:05
Their calculations are different.
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ุญุณุงุจุงุชู‡ู… ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ.
06:08
How long should I stay in this factory?
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ูƒู… ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ุฃู† ุงุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุตู†ุนุŸ
06:10
How much money can I save?
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ูƒู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชูˆููŠุฑุŸ
06:12
How much will it take to buy an apartment or a car,
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ูƒู… ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุณุฃุณุชุบุฑู‚ ู„ุดุฑุงุก ุดู‚ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุณูŠุงุฑุฉุŒ
06:15
to get married, or to put my child through school?
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ุงู„ุฒูˆุงุฌุŒ ุฃูˆ ู„ูˆุถุน ุทูู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉุŸ
06:19
The workers I got to know had a curiously abstract
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ุงู„ุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุชุนุฑูุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ู„ู‡ู… ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ
06:22
relationship with the product of their labor.
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ู…ุฌุฑุฏุฉ ู…ุน ู…ุงูŠู†ุชุฌูˆู† ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ู‡ู….
06:26
About a year after I met Lu Qingmin, or Min,
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ู†ุญูˆ ุนุงู… ุจุนุฏ ุฃู† ุงุฌุชู…ุนุช ู…ุน Lu QingminุŒ ุฃูˆ MinุŒ
06:29
she invited me home to her family village
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ุฏุนุชู†ูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุงู„ู‰ ู‚ุฑูŠุฉ ุนุงุฆู„ุชู‡ุง
06:31
for the Chinese New Year.
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ู„ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ.
06:33
On the train home, she gave me a present:
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุทุงุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูŠุชุŒ ู‚ุฏู…ุช ู„ูŠ ู‡ุฏูŠุฉ:
06:36
a Coach brand change purse with brown leather trim.
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ู…ุญูุธุฉ ู†ู‚ูˆุฏ ู…ุน ุชู‚ู„ูŠู… ุฌู„ุฏ ุจู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ ูƒูˆุด.
06:40
I thanked her, assuming it was fake,
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ุดูƒุฑุชู‡ุงุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูุชุฑุงุถ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏุŒ
06:42
like almost everything else for sale in Dongguan.
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ู…ุซู„ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุขุฎุฑ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู„ู„ุจูŠุน ููŠ ุฏูˆู†ุบู‚ูˆุงู†.
06:45
After we got home, Min gave her mother another present:
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ุจุนุฏ ูˆุตูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุจูŠุชุŒMin ุฃุนุทุช ูˆุงู„ุฏุชู‡ุง ู‡ุฏูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰:
06:49
a pink Dooney & Bourke handbag,
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ุญู‚ูŠุจุฉ ูŠุฏ ุฏูˆูˆู†ูŠ ูˆ ุจูˆุฑูƒ ูˆุฑุฏูŠุฉุŒ
06:51
and a few nights later, her sister was showing off
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ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุจุถุน ู„ูŠุงู„ ู„ุงุญู‚ู‡ุŒ ุดู‚ูŠู‚ุชู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุนุฑุถ
06:53
a maroon LeSportsac shoulder bag.
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ุญู‚ูŠุจุฉ ูƒุชู ู…ุงุฑูˆูˆู† ู„ูŠ ุณุจูˆุฑุชุณุงูƒ.
06:57
Slowly it was dawning on me that these handbags
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ุจุจุทุก ุฃุฏุฑูƒุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญู‚ุงุฆุจ ุงู„ูŠุฏ
07:01
were made by their factory,
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ุชู… ุงู†ุชุงุฌู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุตู†ุนู‡ู…ุŒ
07:03
and every single one of them was authentic.
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ูˆูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃุตู„ูŠุฉ.
07:06
Min's sister said to her parents,
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ู‚ุงู„ุช ุดู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ Min ู„ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠู‡ุงุŒ
07:08
"In America, this bag sells for 320 dollars."
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"ููŠ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุงุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠุจุฉ ุชุจุงุน ุจ320 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑุง".
07:12
Her parents, who are both farmers, looked on, speechless.
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ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู‡ู…ุง ู…ุฒุงุฑุนูŠู†ุŒ ุจุฏูˆุงุŒูุงู‚ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู….
07:15
"And that's not all -- Coach is coming out with a new line,
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"ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก - ูƒูˆุด ุณุชู†ุชุฌ ุฎุท ุฌุฏูŠุฏุŒ
07:17
2191," she said. "One bag will sell for 6,000."
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"2191ุŒ" ู‚ุงู„ุช. "ุญู‚ูŠุจุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุชุจุงุน ุจ 6ุŒ000."
07:22
She paused and said, "I don't know if that's 6,000 yuan or
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ุชูˆู‚ูุช ู‡ูŠ ูˆู‚ุงู„ุช: "ุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ุฃุนุฑู ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช 6000 ูŠูˆุงู† ุฃูˆ
07:26
6,000 American dollars, but anyway, it's 6,000." (Laughter)
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6000 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุญุงู„ุŒ ูุฅู†ู‡ 6ุŒ000." (ุถุญูƒ)
07:32
Min's sister's boyfriend, who had traveled home with her
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ุตุฏูŠู‚ ุฃุฎุช MinุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ู‚ุฏ ุณุงูุฑ ู…ุนู‡ุง ู„ู„ุจูŠุช
07:35
for the new year, said,
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ู„ู„ุนุงู… ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุŒ ู‚ุงู„ุŒ
07:37
"It doesn't look like it's worth that much."
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"ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ุง ุชุจุฏูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู„ุง ุชุณุชุญู‚ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ."
07:40
Min's sister turned to him and said, "Some people actually
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ุฃุฎุช Min ุงู„ุชูุชุช ุงู„ูŠู‡ ูˆู‚ุงู„ุช "ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน
07:42
understand these things. You don't understand shit."
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ูŠูู‡ู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก. ุฃู†ุช ู„ุง ุชูู‡ู… ุดูŠุก".
07:46
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(ุถุญูƒ) (ุชุตููŠู‚)
07:51
In Min's world, the Coach bags had a curious currency.
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ููŠ ุนุงู„ู… MinุŒ ุดู†ุท ูƒูˆุด ุชุญู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ุฉ ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ.
07:55
They weren't exactly worthless, but they were nothing
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ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ุนุฏูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุงุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ู… ู„ูŠุณูˆุง ู‚ุฑูŠุจูŠู† ุจุดูŠุก
07:57
close to the actual value, because almost no one they knew
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ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ูุนู„ูŠุฉุŒู„ุฃู† ู„ุง ุฃุญุฏ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู…ู† ู…ุนุงุฑูู‡ู…
08:00
wanted to buy one, or knew how much it was worth.
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ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุดุฑุงุก ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ ุฃูˆ ูŠุนุฑู ูƒู… ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุณุชุญู‚.
08:04
Once, when Min's older sister's friend got married,
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ู…ุฑุฉ ุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุฒูˆุฌุช ุฃุฎุช Min ุงู„ูƒุจุฑู‰ุŒ
08:07
she brought a handbag along as a wedding present.
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ุฃุญุถุฑุช ุญู‚ูŠุจุฉ ูŠุฏ ู…ุนู‡ุง ูƒู‡ุฏูŠุฉ ุฒูุงู.
08:10
Another time, after Min had already left
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ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ุจุนุฏ ุฃู† ุบุงุฏุฑุช Min ุจุงู„ูุนู„
08:12
the handbag factory, her younger sister came to visit,
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ู…ุตู†ุน ุญู‚ุงุฆุจ ุงู„ูŠุฏุŒ ุฌุงุกุช ุดู‚ูŠู‚ุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุตุบุฑู‰ ู„ู„ุฒูŠุงุฑุฉุŒ
08:15
bringing two Coach Signature handbags as gifts.
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ุฃุญุถุฑุช ุญู‚ูŠุจุชุง ูŠุฏ ุชูˆู‚ูŠุน ูƒูˆุด ูƒู‡ุฏุงูŠุง.
08:19
I looked in the zippered pocket of one,
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ู†ุธุฑุช ููŠ ุฌูŠุจ ุณุญุงุจ ุดู†ุทุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ
08:21
and I found a printed card in English, which read,
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ูˆุฌุฏุช ุจุทุงู‚ุฉ ู…ุทุจูˆุนุฉ ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู†ุตู‡ุงุŒ
08:26
"An American classic.
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"ุฃู…ูŠุฑูƒูŠุฉ ูƒู„ุงุณูŠูƒูŠุฉ.
08:29
In 1941, the burnished patina
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ููŠ ุนุงู… 1941ุŒ ุงู„ุบุทุงุก ุงู„ู…ุตู‚ูˆู„
08:31
of an all-American baseball glove
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ู…ู† ู‚ูุงุฒ ุงู„ุจูŠุณุจูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ
08:34
inspired the founder of Coach to create
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ุฃู„ู‡ู…ุช ู…ุคุณุณ ูƒูˆุด ู„ุฅู†ุดุงุก
08:36
a new collection of handbags from the same
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ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุญู‚ุงุฆุจ ุงู„ูŠุฏ ู…ู† ู†ูุณ
08:38
luxuriously soft gloved-hand leather.
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ุฌู„ุฏ ุงู„ู‚ูุงุฒ ุงู„ูุฎู… ุงู„ู„ูŠู†.
08:42
Six skilled leatherworkers crafted 12 Signature handbags
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ุณุชุฉ ุฏุจุงุบูŠู† ู…ู‡ุฑุฉ ุฃู†ุชุฌูˆุง 12 ุญู‚ูŠุจุฉ ู…ูˆู‚ุนุฉ
08:46
with perfect proportions and a timeless flair.
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ู…ุน ู†ุณุจ ุงู„ูƒู…ุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุฐูˆู‚ ุงู„ุฎุงู„ุฏุฉ.
08:50
They were fresh, functional, and women everywhere
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ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุฌุฏูŠุฏูŠู†ุŒ ุนู…ู„ูŠูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู†
08:52
adored them. A new American classic was born."
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ุนุดู‚ูˆู‡ุง. ู…ูŠู„ุงุฏ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุงู† ูƒู„ุงุณูŠูƒ . "
08:57
I wonder what Karl Marx would have made of Min
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ุฃุชุณุงุกู„ ู…ุงุฐุง ุตู†ุน ูƒุงุฑู„ ู…ุงุฑูƒุณ ู…ู† Min
09:00
and her sisters.
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ูˆุฃุฎูˆุงุชู‡ุง.
09:02
Their relationship with the product of their labor
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ุนู„ุงู‚ุชู‡ู… ู…ุน ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุนู…ู„ู‡ู…
09:04
was more complicated, surprising and funny
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ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุชุนู‚ูŠุฏุงุŒ ู…ุฏู‡ุดุฉ ูˆู…ุถุญูƒุฉ
09:07
than he could have imagined.
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ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุชุฎูŠู„.
09:09
And yet, his view of the world persists, and our tendency
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ูˆุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุฑุคูŠุชู‡ ู„ู„ุนุงู„ู… ู„ุง ุชุฒุงู„ ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉุŒ ูˆู…ูŠู„ู†ุง
09:12
to see the workers as faceless masses,
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ู„ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ุงู„ ูƒุนุฏูŠู…ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆู‡ุŒ
09:14
to imagine that we can know what they're really thinking.
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ู„ู†ุชุฎูŠู„ ุฃู†ู†ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ุนุฑู ู…ุง ูŠููƒุฑูˆู† ุจู‡ ุญู‚ุง.
09:18
The first time I met Min, she had just turned 18
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ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ูŠุช MinุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ู‚ุฏ ุจู„ุบุช ู„ู„ุชูˆ 18
09:22
and quit her first job on the assembly line
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ูˆ ุชุฑูƒุช ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุท ุงู„ุชุฌู…ูŠุน
09:24
of an electronics factory.
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ููŠ ู…ุตู†ุน ุงู„ุงู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠุงุช.
09:27
Over the next two years, I watched as she switched jobs
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ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ู‚ุจู„ูŠู†ุŒ ุดุงู‡ุฏุชู‡ุง ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุบูŠุฑุช ูˆุธุงุฆู
09:29
five times, eventually landing a lucrative post
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ุฎู…ุณ ู…ุฑุงุชุŒ ูˆููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทุงู ุญุตู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ู…ุฑุจุญุฉ
09:32
in the purchasing department of a hardware factory.
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ููŠ ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูŠุงุช ู„ู…ุตู†ุน ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ.
09:36
Later, she married a fellow migrant worker,
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ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู„ุงุญู‚ุŒ ุชุฒูˆุฌุช ุฒู…ูŠู„ ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑุŒ
09:38
moved with him to his village,
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ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ุช ู…ุนู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ุฑูŠุชู‡ุŒ
09:40
gave birth to two daughters,
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ุฃู†ุฌุจุช ุงุจู†ุชูŠู†ุŒ
09:43
and saved enough money to buy a secondhand Buick
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ูˆุฌู…ุนุช ู…ุง ูŠูƒููŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ู„ุดุฑุงุก ุจูˆูŠูƒ ู…ุณุชุนู…ู„
09:45
for herself and an apartment for her parents.
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ู„ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุดู‚ุฉ ู„ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง.
09:49
She recently returned to Dongguan on her own
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ู‡ูŠ ุนุงุฏุช ู…ุคุฎุฑุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏูˆู†ุบู‚ูˆุงู† ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ุง
09:52
to take a job in a factory that makes construction cranes,
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ู„ุชุฃุฎุฐ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ููŠ ู…ุตู†ุน ูŠู†ุชุฌ ุฑุงูุนุงุช ุงู„ุจู†ุงุกุŒ
09:56
temporarily leaving her husband and children
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ุชุงุฑูƒุฉ ู…ุคู‚ุชุง ุฒูˆุฌู‡ุง ูˆุฃุทูุงู„ู‡ุง
09:58
back in the village.
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ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฑูŠุฉ.
10:00
In a recent email to me, she explained,
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ููŠ ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุจุฑูŠุฏ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠ ู‚ุฑูŠุจู‡ ู„ูŠุŒ ุฃูˆุถุญุช
10:03
"A person should have some ambition while she is young
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"ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุทู…ูˆุญ ููŠ ุดุจุงุจู‡
10:07
so that in old age she can look back on her life
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ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุณู† ุงู„ุดูŠุฎูˆุฎุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุฃู† ุชู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ุง
10:09
and feel that it was not lived to no purpose."
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ูˆุชุดุนุฑ ุฃู†ูƒ ู„ู… ุชุนูŠุด ุจุฏูˆู† ู‡ุฏู."
10:14
Across China, there are 150 million workers like her,
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ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ 150 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุซู„ู‡ุงุŒ
10:19
one third of them women, who have left their villages
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ุซู„ุซู‡ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุณุงุกุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุชุฑูƒูˆุง ู‚ุฑุงู‡ู…
10:21
to work in the factories, the hotels, the restaurants
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ู„ู„ุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุงู†ุน ูˆุงู„ูู†ุงุฏู‚ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุทุงุนู…
10:25
and the construction sites of the big cities.
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ูˆู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏู† ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ.
10:28
Together, they make up the largest migration in history,
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ุฌู…ูŠุนุงุŒ ูŠุดูƒู„ูˆู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู‡ุฌุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎุŒ
10:31
and it is globalization, this chain that begins
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ูˆุงู„ุนูˆู„ู…ุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุจุฏุฃ
10:34
in a Chinese farming village
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ููŠ ู‚ุฑูŠุฉ ุฒุฑุงุนูŠุฉ ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ
10:37
and ends with iPhones in our pockets and Nikes on our feet
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ูˆุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ู…ุน ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงูŠ ููˆู† ููŠ ุฌูŠูˆุจู†ุง ูˆุฃุญุฐูŠุฉ ู†ุงูŠูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู‚ุฏุงู…ู†ุง
10:41
and Coach handbags on our arms
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ูˆุญู‚ุงุฆุจ ูŠุฏ ูƒูˆุด ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฐุฑุนู†ุง
10:43
that has changed the way these millions of people
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุบูŠุฑุช ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุนู…ู„ ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
10:45
work and marry and live and think.
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ูˆุฒูˆุงุฌู‡ู… ูˆุญูŠุงุชู‡ู… ูˆุชููƒูŠุฑู‡ู….
10:50
Very few of them would want to go back
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ุนุฏุฏ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุฌุฏุง ู…ู†ู‡ู… ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ุงู„ุนูˆุฏุฉ
10:52
to the way things used to be.
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุนุชุงุฏุฉ.
10:55
When I first went to Dongguan, I worried that
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฐู‡ุจุช ู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏูˆู†ุบู‚ูˆุงู†ุŒุฃู†ุง ู‚ู„ู‚ุช
10:58
it would be depressing to spend so much time with workers.
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ู…ู† ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุงูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฌุฑุงุก ู‚ุถุงุก ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุน ุงู„ุนู…ุงู„.
11:02
I also worried that nothing would ever happen to them,
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ูƒู†ุช ู‚ู„ู‚ุฉ ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃู† ู„ุง ุดูŠุก ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุญุฏุซ ุงุจุฏุงู‹ ู„ู‡ู…ุŒ
11:05
or that they would have nothing to say to me.
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ุฃูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ู… ุงูŠ ุดูŠุก ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู†ู‡ ู„ูŠ.
11:08
Instead, I found young women who were smart and funny
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ุจุฏู„ุง ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูˆุฌุฏุช ุงู„ุดุงุจุงุช ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุงุฐูƒูŠุงุก ูˆู…ุถุญูƒูŠู†
11:10
and brave and generous.
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ูˆุดุฌุนุงู† ูˆูƒุฑู…ุงุก.
11:13
By opening up their lives to me,
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ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ูุชุญ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ู… ู„ูŠุŒ
11:16
they taught me so much about factories
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุนู„ู…ูˆู†ูŠ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุตุงู†ุน
11:18
and about China and about how to live in the world.
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ูˆุนู† ุงู„ุตูŠู† ูˆุญูˆู„ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠุด ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
11:24
This is the Coach purse that Min gave me
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ู‡ุฐูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒูˆุด ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃู‡ุฏุชู†ูŠ ุงูŠุงู‡ุง Min
11:27
on the train home to visit her family.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุทุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ู„ุฒูŠุงุฑุฉ ุนุงุฆู„ุชู‡ุง.
11:29
I keep it with me to remind me of the ties that tie me
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ุฃุจู‚ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุนูŠ ู„ุชุฐูƒูŠุฑูŠ ุจุงู„ุฑูˆุงุจุท ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฑุจุทู†ูŠ
11:32
to the young women I wrote about,
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ุจุงู„ุดุงุจุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒุชุจุช ุนู†ู‡ู…ุŒ
11:35
ties that are not economic but personal in nature,
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ุฑูˆุงุจุท ู„ูŠุณุช ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠุฉ ุจู„ ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ููŠ ุทุจูŠุนุชู‡ุงุŒ
11:39
measured not in money but in memories.
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ู„ุง ุชู‚ุงุณ ุจุงู„ู…ุงู„ ู„ูƒู† ุจุงู„ุฐูƒุฑูŠุงุช.
11:43
This purse is also a reminder that the things that you imagine,
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ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุญูุธุฉ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุฐูƒุฑู‰ ุจุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชุฎูŠู„ุŒ
11:46
sitting in your office or in the library,
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ุฌุงู„ุณุงู‹ ููŠ ู…ูƒุชุจูƒ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุชุจุฉุŒ
11:50
are not how you find them when you actually go out
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ู„ูŠุณูˆุง ูƒู…ุง ุชุฌุฏู‡ู… ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุฐู‡ุจ ูุนู„ุง
11:52
into the world.
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
11:53
Thank you. (Applause)
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ุดูƒุฑุง ู„ูƒู…. (ุชุตููŠู‚)
11:55
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
12:02
Chris Anderson: Thank you, Leslie, that was an insight
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ ุฃู†ุฏุฑุณูˆู†: ุดูƒุฑุง ู„ูƒูŠุŒ ู„ูŠุฒู„ูŠุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ุธุฑุฉ
12:04
that a lot of us haven't had before.
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ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุง ู„ู… ูŠููƒุฑ ุจู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„.
12:07
But I'm curious. If you had a minute, say,
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ู„ูƒู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃุชุณุงุฆู„. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ู„ู†ูุชุฑุถุŒ
12:10
with Apple's head of manufacturing,
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ู…ุน ู…ุฏูŠุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุงุฌ ููŠ ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุฃุจู„ุŒ
12:14
what would you say?
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ู…ุงุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุณุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠู†ุŸ
12:16
Leslie Chang: One minute?
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ู„ูŠุฒู„ูŠ ุชุดุงู†ุบ: ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŸ
12:17
CA: One minute. (Laughter)
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ูƒ.ุฃ. : ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ. (ุถุญูƒ)
12:19
LC: You know, what really impressed me about the workers
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ู„. ุช : ุฃู†ุช ุชุนุฑูุŒ ู…ุง ุฃุนุฌุจู†ูŠ ุญู‚ุง ุนู† ุงู„ุนู…ุงู„
12:21
is how much they're self-motivated, self-driven,
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ู‡ูˆ ูƒู… ุงู†ู‡ู… ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุฏูˆุงูุน ุฐุงุชูŠุฉุŒ ุฏุงูุนูŠู† ุฃู†ูุณู‡ู…ุŒ
12:24
resourceful, and the thing that struck me,
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ูˆุณูŠุนูŠู† ุงู„ุญูŠู„ุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃุจู‡ุฑู†ูŠุŒ
12:27
what they want most is education, to learn,
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ู…ุง ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชุนู„ู…ุŒ
12:30
because most of them come from very poor backgrounds.
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ู„ุฃู† ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ู… ูŠุฃุชูŠ ู…ู† ุจูŠุฆุฉ ูู‚ูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง.
12:31
They usually left school when they were in 7th or 8th grade.
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ุนุงุฏุฉ ูŠุชุฑูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุตู 7 ุฃูˆ 8.
12:34
Their parents are often illiterate,
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ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุบุงู„ุจุง ุฃู…ูŠูŠูˆู†ุŒ
12:36
and then they come to the city, and they, on their own,
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ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุฃุชูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉุŒ ูˆ ู‡ู…ุŒ ู…ู† ุชู„ู‚ุงุก ู†ูุณู‡ู…ุŒ
12:39
at night, during the weekends, they'll take a computer class,
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ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุŒ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนุทู„ุฉ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุนุŒ ูŠุฃุฎุฐูˆู† ุฏุฑุณ ุญุงุณุจ ุขู„ูŠุŒ
12:41
they'll take an English class, and learn
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ุฏุฑุณ ู„ุบุฉ ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉุŒ ูˆูŠุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†
12:43
really, really rudimentary things, you know,
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ุญู‚ุงุŒ ุญู‚ุง ุจุฏุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุกุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ
12:46
like how to type a document in Word,
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ู…ุซู„ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู…ุณุชู†ุฏ ููŠ ูˆูˆุฑุฏุŒ
12:47
or how to say really simple things in English.
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ุฃูˆ ูƒูŠู ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุญู‚ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ.
12:50
So, if you really want to help these workers,
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ู„ุฐุงุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุญู‚ุง ุฃู† ุชุณุงุนุฏ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุนู…ุงู„ุŒ
12:52
start these small, very focused, very pragmatic classes
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ุชุจุฏุฃ ูุตูˆู„ุŒ ู…ุฑูƒุฒุฉ ุฌุฏุงุŒ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ
12:55
in these schools, and what's going to happen is,
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ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณุŒ ูˆู…ุง ุณูŠุญุฏุซ ู‡ูˆุŒ
12:58
all your workers are going to move on,
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ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ูŠู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุณูŠู…ุถูˆู† ู‚ุฏู…ุงุŒ
13:00
but hopefully they'll move on into higher jobs within Apple,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู†ุฃู…ู„ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ุณูˆู ูŠู†ุชู‚ู„ูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆุธุงุฆู ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุฃุจู„ุŒ
13:03
and you can help their social mobility
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ูˆุฃู†ุช ุชุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฑุงูƒู‡ู… ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ
13:06
and their self-improvement.
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ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุชุญุณูŠู† ุฐูˆุงุชู‡ู… .
13:07
When you talk to workers, that's what they want.
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุชุญุฏุซ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ุงู„ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู†ู‡.
13:09
They do not say, "I want better hot water in the showers.
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ุงู†ู‡ู… ู„ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู†: "ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ู…ุงุก ุณุงุฎู† ุฃูุถู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณุชุญู…ุงู….
13:12
I want a nicer room. I want a TV set."
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ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุบุฑูุฉ ุฃุฌู…ู„. ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุชู„ูุฒูŠูˆู†."
13:14
I mean, it would be nice to have those things,
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ุฃุนู†ูŠุŒ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠู„ ุฃู† ุชุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุกุŒ
13:15
but that's not why they're in the city,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ุณุจุจ ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉุŒ
13:16
and that's not what they care about.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุง ูŠู‡ู…ู‡ู….
13:19
CA: Was there a sense from them of a narrative that
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ูƒ.ุฃ : ู‡ู„ ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดุนูˆุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุตุต
13:22
things were kind of tough and bad, or was there a narrative
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ุจุฃู† ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ูƒุงู†ุช ุตุนุจุฉ ูˆุณูŠุฆุฉุŒ ุฃูˆ ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฑูˆุงูŠุฉ
13:26
of some kind of level of growth, that things over time
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ุนู„ู‰ ุดุงูƒู„ุฉ ู†ู…ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ุŒ ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ู…ุน ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช
13:29
were getting better?
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ุณุชุชุญุณู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูุถู„ุŸ
13:30
LC: Oh definitely, definitely. I mean, you know,
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ู„ . ุช : ุฃูˆู‡ ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏุŒ ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ. ุฃุนู†ูŠุŒ ุฃู†ุช ุชุนุฑูุŒ
13:32
it was interesting, because I spent basically two years
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ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ู…ุซูŠุฑุง ู„ู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ู‚ุถูŠุช ุณู†ุชูŠู†
13:34
hanging out in this city, Dongguan,
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ู‡ุงุฆู…ุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉุŒ ุฏูˆู†ุบู‚ูˆุงู†ุŒ
13:36
and over that time, you could see immense change
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ูˆุฎู„ุงู„ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุŒ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุชุฑู‰ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ู‡ุงุฆู„
13:39
in every person's life: upward, downward, sideways,
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ููŠ ุญูŠุงุฉ ูƒู„ ุดุฎุต: ุงู„ุชุตุงุนุฏูŠุŒ ุงู„ุชู†ุงุฒู„ูŠุŒ ุฌุงู†ุจูŠุงุŒ
13:41
but generally upward.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุนู…ูˆู…ุง ุงู„ุชุตุงุนุฏูŠ.
13:43
If you spend enough time, it's upward, and I met people
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ุฅุฐุง ู‚ุถูŠุช ู…ุง ูŠูƒููŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ ูุฅู†ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุนู„ู‰ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชู‚ูŠุช ุฃู†ุงุณ
13:45
who had moved to the city 10 years ago, and who are now
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ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู‚ุจู„ 10 ุณู†ูˆุงุชุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู‡ู… ุงู„ุขู†
13:47
basically urban middle class people,
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ุฃุตุจุญูˆุง ุฃู†ุงุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุณุทู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุถุฑุŒ
13:49
so the trajectory is definitely upward.
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ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูุฅู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู„ุฃุนู„ู‰.
13:51
It's just hard to see when you're suddenly
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุตุนุจ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ู†ุฑู‰ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูุฌุฃุฉ
13:53
sucked into the city. It looks like everyone's poor and
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ุชู…ุชุต ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ. ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ูู‚ุฑุงุก ูˆ
13:55
desperate, but that's not really how it is.
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ุจุงุฆุณูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ุญู‚ุง .
13:57
Certainly, the factory conditions are really tough,
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ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุคูƒุฏ ุฃู† ุธุฑูˆู ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุตู†ุน ู‡ูŠ ุตุนุจุฉ ุญู‚ุงุŒ
13:59
and it's nothing you or I would want to do,
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ูˆุฃู†ู‡ ุดูŠุก ู„ุง ุฃู†ุง ุฃูˆ ุฃู†ุช ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ู†ุนู…ู„ุŒ
14:02
but from their perspective, where they're coming from
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ู† ูˆุฌู‡ุฉ ู†ุธุฑู‡ู…ุŒ ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ุฃุชูˆุง
14:05
is much worse, and where they're going
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ู‡ูˆ ุฃุณูˆุฃ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ ูˆุฐุงู‡ุจูˆู†
14:07
is hopefully much better, and I just wanted to give
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ุขู…ู„ูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃูุถู„ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃุฑุฏุช ูู‚ุท ุฅุนุทุงุก
14:09
that context of what's going on in their minds,
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณูŠุงู‚ ุนู† ู…ุง ูŠุฌุฑูŠ ููŠ ุนู‚ูˆู„ู‡ู…ุŒ
14:11
not what necessarily is going on in yours.
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ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุจุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ู…ุง ูŠุฌุฑูŠ ููŠ ุนู‚ูˆู„ูƒู….
14:13
CA: Thanks so much for your talk.
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ูƒ. ุฃ : ุดูƒุฑุง ุฌุฒูŠู„ุง ู„ู…ุญุงุฏุซุชูƒ.
14:15
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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ุดูƒุฑุง ุฌุฒูŠู„ุง. (ุชุตููŠู‚)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7