What You Can Do to Prevent Alzheimer's | Lisa Genova | TED

3,254,779 views ใƒป 2017-05-19

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jeongguk Jang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
How many people here would like to live to be at least 80 years old?
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ 80์„ธ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋งˆ์Œ, ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
00:17
Yeah.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์š”.
00:19
I think we all have this hopeful expectation
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
of living into old age.
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์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:24
Let's project out into the future,
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ํˆฌ์˜ํ•ด ๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
00:26
to your future "you's,"
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
00:28
and let's imagine that we're all 85.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ 85์„ธ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:31
Now, everyone look at two people.
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์ด์ œ ๋‘ ๋ถ„๋งŒ ๋†“๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด ๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
00:34
One of you probably has Alzheimer's disease.
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๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ถ„์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ ๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ ค์žˆ๊ฒ ๊ตฐ์š”.
00:39
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:42
Alright, alright.
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค๊ตฌ์š”.
00:44
And maybe you're thinking, "Well, it won't be me."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‚˜ ์ผ๋ฆฌ ์—†์ง€."
00:49
Then, OK. You are a caregiver.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด, ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์ฑ…์ž„์งˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
So --
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ,
00:54
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:57
so in some way,
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์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋“ 
00:58
this terrifying disease is likely to affect us all.
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์ด ๋ชป๋œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์€ ์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ ์†์— ํŒŒ๊ณ ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
Part of the fear around Alzheimer's stems from the sense
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๊ฐ๊ฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘์ด ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ์ ์€
01:05
that there's nothing we can do about it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
Despite decades of research, we still have no disease-modifying treatment
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์ˆ˜ ์‹ญ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์–ด์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์™„ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ชป ์ฐพ์•˜๊ตฌ์š”.
01:13
and no cure.
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์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ• ๋˜ํ•œ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
So if we're lucky enough to live long enough,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์—†์ด ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ–‰๋ณต์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ
01:17
Alzheimer's appears to be our brain's destiny.
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์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘์€ ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋‡Œ์˜ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•œ ์ผ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
But maybe it doesn't have to be.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
What if I told you we could change these statistics,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:26
literally change our brain's destiny,
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๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‡Œ์˜ ์šด๋ช…์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
without relying on a cure or advancements in medicine?
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์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๋“ ์ง€ ์•ฝ์„ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค๋“ ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์˜์กด ์—†์ด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
Let's begin by looking at what we currently understand
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ์ง€์š”.
01:36
about the neuroscience of Alzheimer's.
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์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋ฒ„๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
Here's a picture of two neurons connecting.
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‰ด๋Ÿฐ์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
The point of connection, this space circled in red,
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
is called the synapse.
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์‹œ๋ƒ…์Šค๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด์ง€์š”.
01:47
The synapse is where neurotransmitters are released.
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์‹œ๋ƒ…์Šค์—์„œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
This is where signals are transmitted, where communication happens.
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์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™˜๋˜๊ณ , ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
This is where we think, feel, see, hear, desire ...
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ , ๋ณด๊ณ , ๋“ฃ๊ณ , ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
02:00
and remember.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
And the synapse is where Alzheimer's happens.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์‹œ๋ƒ…์Šค์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘์ด ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
Let's zoom in on the synapse
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์ข€ ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
02:06
and look at a cartoon representation of what's going on.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์–ด ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
During the business of communicating information,
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์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ,
02:12
in addition to releasing neurotransmitters like glutamate into the synapse,
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๊ธ€๋ฃจํƒ€๋ฏผ์‚ฐ์—ผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ๋‚˜์™€ ์‹œ๋ƒ…์Šค๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:16
neurons also release a small peptide called amyloid beta.
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๋ฒ ํƒ€ ์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ๋ผ๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋‰ด๋Ÿฐ์—์„œ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
Normally, amyloid beta is cleared away metabolized by microglia,
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์ •์ƒ์ธ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ๊ทธ ๋ฒ ํƒ€ ์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ž‘์šฉ ์ค‘์— ๋ฏธ์„ธ์•„๊ต์„ธํฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋˜์ง€์š”.
02:27
the janitor cells of our brains.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‡Œ์˜ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋ถ€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
02:30
While the molecular causes of Alzheimer's are still debated,
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๊ทธ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ง€๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
02:34
most neuroscientists believe that the disease begins
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๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
when amyloid beta begins to accumulate.
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๋ฒ ํƒ€ ์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋ชธ ์†์— ์Œ“์ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‹œ์  ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”.
02:40
Too much is released, or not enough is cleared away,
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์ด ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋œ ๋’ค, ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ฑ„ ์ถ•์ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
and the synapse begins to pile up with amyloid beta.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ๋ƒ…์Šค๋Š” ๋ฒ ํƒ€ ์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์–‘์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
And when this happens, it binds to itself,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ์ „ํ˜€ ์ž๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ์ฑ„๋กœ
02:49
forming sticky aggregates called amyloid plaques.
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์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ˆ์ ๋ˆ์ ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
How many people here are 40 years old or older?
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์ด๊ณณ์— ๊ณ„์‹  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, 40์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์ด์‹  ๋ถ„์ด ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
02:57
You're afraid to admit it now.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์•„์‰ฝ์ง€๋งŒ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
This initial step into the disease,
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์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š”
03:01
this presence of amyloid plaques accumulating,
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์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ ๋ฐ˜์ ์˜ ์ถ•์ ์ด
03:04
can already be found in your brains.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋‡Œ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
The only way we could be sure of this would be through a PET scan,
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PET(์–‘์ „์ž ๋‹จ์ธต ์ดฌ์˜)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ๋ฟ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
because at this point, you are blissfully unaware.
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์ด ์  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹คํ–‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ „ํ˜€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์ง€์š”.
03:15
You're not showing any impairments in memory, language, or cognition ...
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๊ธฐ์–ต์ด๋‚˜ ์–ธ์–ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ธ์ง€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ถˆํŽธ๋„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
yet.
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์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:21
We think it takes at least 15 to 20 years of amyloid plaque accumulation
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ 15์—์„œ 20๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ถ•์ ๋œ ์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด
03:25
before it reaches a tipping point,
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ํ‹ฐํ•‘ ํฌ์ธํŠธ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ฉด
03:28
then triggering a molecular cascade
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์–ด๋งˆ์–ด๋งˆํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
03:30
that causes the clinical symptoms of the disease.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
Prior to the tipping point,
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๊ทธ ํ‹ฐํ•‘ํฌ์ธํŠธ ์ด์ „ ์‹œ์ ์—๋„ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
03:35
your lapses in memory might include things like,
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๊นœ๋นก ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์ฑ„๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
"Why did I come in this room?"
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"๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ญํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ์™”๋”๋ผ?"
03:41
or "Oh ... what's his name?"
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด "์˜ค... ๊ทธ ์นœ๊ตฌ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋ญ์˜€์ง€?"
03:44
or "Where did I put my keys?"
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๋˜๋Š” "๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋””์— ๋’€๋”๋ผ?"
03:47
Now, before you all start freaking out again,
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๊นœ์ง ๋†€๋ผ์…จ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
03:49
because I know half of you did at least one of those in the last 24 hours --
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์ง€๋‚œ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ฏค ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
these are all normal kinds of forgetting.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ง๊ฐ์— ์†ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
In fact, I would argue that these examples
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋”ฐ์ ธ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
04:00
might not even involve your memory,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋“  ์˜ˆ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†์–ด ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
04:02
because you didn't pay attention to where you put your keys
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋””์— ๋‘๋Š”์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์“ฐ์ง„ ์•Š์ž–์•„์š”.
04:05
in the first place.
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์šฐ์„ ์— ๋‘์งˆ ์•Š์ง€์š”.
04:07
After the tipping point,
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๊ทธ ํ‹ฐํ•‘ํฌ์ธํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด
04:08
the glitches in memory, language and cognition are different.
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๊ธฐ์–ต, ์–ธ์–ด, ์ธ์ง€๋ฉด์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ž‘์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ์ข€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–‘์ƒ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
Instead of eventually finding your keys in your coat pocket
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ฐพ์•„ํ•ด๋งค๋˜ ์—ด์‡ ๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ฝ”ํŠธ ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋‚˜
04:15
or on the table by the door,
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๋ฌธ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํƒ์ž์œ„์—์„œ ์ฐพ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง€์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
04:17
you find them in the refrigerator,
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์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ  ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ฐพ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
or you find them and you think,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
"What are these for?"
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"์ด๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋””์— ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง€?" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:24
So what happens when amyloid plaques accumulate to this tipping point?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด ํ‹ฐํ•‘ํฌ์ธํŠธ์— ์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ ๋ฐ˜์ ๋“ค์ด ์Œ“์—ฌ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ ๋ฌด์Šจ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
04:29
Our microglia janitor cells become hyper-activated,
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๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜์ ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฏธ์„ธ ์•„๊ต ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋˜๊ณ 
04:33
releasing chemicals that cause inflammation and cellular damage.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์—ผ์ฆ์ด๋‚˜ ์„ธํฌ ์†์ƒ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
We think they might actually start clearing away
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฒญ์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
the synapses themselves.
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์‹œ๋ƒ…์Šค ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:42
A crucial neural transport protein called "tau" becomes hyperphosphorylated
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'ํƒ€์šฐ(tau)'๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ˆ˜์†ก ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ธ๋ฐ ํƒ€์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ์ธ์‚ฐํ™” ๋˜๊ณ 
04:46
and twists itself into something called "tangles,"
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฒˆ ๊ผฌ์ด๋ฉด์„œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฌ์œ ์—‰ํ‚ด ์ƒํƒœ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
which choke off the neurons from the inside.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‰ด๋Ÿฐ์˜ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์•ˆ์ชฝ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ‹€์–ด๋ง‰์•„๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
By mid-stage Alzheimer's, we have massive inflammation and tangles
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์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ค‘๊ธฐ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ฏค์ด๋ฉด, ์—ผ์ฆ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฌ์œ ์—‰ํ‚ด์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํ•ด์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
04:56
and all-out war at the synapse
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ๋ƒ…์Šค์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ ฅ์ „์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ 
04:58
and cell death.
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์„ธํฌ๋“ค์€ ์†Œ๋ฉธ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
So if you were a scientist trying to cure this disease,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด ๋ณ‘์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์• ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:03
at what point would you ideally want to intervene?
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์–ด๋Š ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
05:06
Many scientists are betting big on the simplest solution:
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
keep amyloid plaques from reaching that tipping point,
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์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด ํ‹ฐํ•‘ํฌ์ธํŠธ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ.
05:14
which means that drug discovery is largely focused on developing a compound
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์ด ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์— ์‚ฌํ™œ์„ ๊ฑธ๋ฉด์„œ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋ฐ์— ๋ชฐ๋‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
that will prevent, eliminate, or reduce amyloid plaque accumulation.
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์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด ์Œ“์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๋ง‰๊ณ , ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ค„์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์•ฝํ’ˆ์ด๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
05:24
So the cure for Alzheimer's will likely be a preventative medicine.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์˜ํ•™์—์„œ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
We're going to have to take this pill before we reach that tipping point,
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์ฆ‰, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ‹ฐํ•‘ํฌ์ธํŠธ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ด ์•ฝ์„ ๋จน์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
before the cascade is triggered,
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๊ทธ ์—ฐ์‡„๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—์š”.
05:35
before we start leaving our keys in the refrigerator.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ์— ๋‘๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๋จน๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
We think this is why, to date, these kinds of drugs have failed
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์•ฝ๋“ค์ด ์–ด์งธ์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€
05:42
in clinical trials --
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์ž„์ƒ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:44
not because the science wasn't sound,
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
but because the people in these trials were already symptomatic.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์ฆ์ƒ์— ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋˜ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
It was too late.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋Šฆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:52
Think of amyloid plaques as a lit match.
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์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ ๋ฐ˜์ ๋“ค์„ ์ผœ์ง„ ์„ฑ๋ƒฅ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
05:55
At the tipping point, the match sets fire to the forest.
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ํ‹ฐํ•‘ํฌ์ธํŠธ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋ถˆ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ˆฒ์— ๋ฒˆ์ง„ ์ƒํƒœ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
05:59
Once the forest is ablaze,
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์ผ๋‹จ ์ˆฒ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ธธ์— ํœฉ์‹ธ์ด๋ฉด,
06:01
it doesn't do any good to blow out the match.
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์„ฑ๋ƒฅ๋ถˆ์„ ๋ถˆ์–ด ๋„๋Š” ์ •๋„๋กœ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆผ์—†์ง€์š”.
06:04
You have to blow out the match before the forest catches fire.
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๋ถˆ์”จ๊ฐ€ ์ˆฒ์— ๋‹ฟ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์„ฑ๋ƒฅ๋ถˆ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊บผ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
Even before scientists sort this out,
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์ „์—
06:10
this information is actually really good news for us,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธ์‹์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
because it turns out that the way we live can influence the accumulation
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ๋ง์ธ ์ฆ‰์Šจ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒํ™œ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๊ทธ ์ถ•์ ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
of amyloid plaques.
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์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ ๋ฐ˜์  ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”.
06:18
And so there are things we can do
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
06:19
to keep us from reaching that tipping point.
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ํ‹ฐํ•‘ํฌ์ธํŠธ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
Let's picture your risk of Alzheimer's as a see-saw scale.
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์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์†Œ์— ๊ฒฌ์ฃผ์–ด ๋ณด๋ฉด์€์š”.
06:26
We're going to pile risk factors on one arm,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ์†Œ ํ•œ ์ชฝ์— ์œ„ํ—˜์ธ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ฐจ๊ณก์ฐจ๊ณก ์Œ“์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
06:28
and when that arm hits the floor, you are symptomatic
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ชฝ์ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋‹ฟ์œผ๋ฉด ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
and diagnosed with Alzheimer's.
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์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
06:33
Let's imagine you're 50 years old.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ˜„์žฌ 50์„ธ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
You're not a spring chicken anymore,
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์ฒญ์ถ˜์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์˜ค๋ž˜์ „ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
06:38
so you've accumulated some amyloid plaques with age.
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๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ ๋ฐ˜์ ๋„ ์Œ“์—ฌ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
Your scale is tipped a little bit.
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์‹œ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ˆ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
06:44
Now let's look at your DNA.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ DNA๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
06:46
We've all inherited our genes from our moms and our dads.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๊ป˜ ๋ฌผ๋ ค ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
Some of these genes will increase our risk and some will decrease it.
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์–ด๋–ค ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š” ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘์— ์ทจ์•ฝํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
06:54
If you're like Alice in "Still Alice,"
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์˜ํ™” "์Šคํ‹ธ ์•จ๋ฆฌ์Šค"์˜ ์•จ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์ด์•ผ๊ธธ ํ•ด ๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
06:56
you've inherited a rare genetic mutation that cranks out amyloid beta,
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์•จ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋Š” ์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ ๋ฒ ํƒ€๋ฅผ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ๋ ค๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
and this alone will tip your scale arm to the ground.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์‹œ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ์—” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
But for most of us, the genes we inherit will only tip the arm a bit.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š” ๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
For example, APOE4 is a gene variant that increases amyloid,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด์„œ APOE4 ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ณ€์ข… ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š” ์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
but you can inherit a copy of APOE4 from mom and dad
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณต์ œ๋œ AOPE4 ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๊ณ„๋‚˜ ๋ถ€๊ณ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฌผ๋ ค๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
07:16
and still never get Alzheimer's,
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์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ ๋ณ‘์—๋Š” ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
which means that for most of us,
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๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
07:21
our DNA alone does not determine whether we get Alzheimer's.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ DNA๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
So what does?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
07:27
We can't do anything about getting older or the genes we've inherited.
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๋Š™์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜์ž–์•„์š”. ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ๋ ค๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ์š”.
07:31
So far, we haven't changed our brain's destiny.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‡Œ์˜ ์šด๋ช…์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
07:34
What about sleep?
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:37
In slow-wave deep sleep, our glial cells rinse cerebral spinal fluid
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๋Š๋ฆฐ ํŒŒ๋™์˜ ๊นŠ์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ, ๊ต์งˆ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ๋‡Œ ์ฒ™์ˆ˜์•ก์„ ์”ป์–ด ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
throughout our brains,
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๋‡Œ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์”ป์–ด๋‚ด์ฃ .
07:42
clearing away metabolic waste that accumulated in our synapses
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๋™์‹œ์— ์‹œ๋ƒ…์Šค์— ์Œ“์—ฌ ์žˆ๋˜ ๋…ธํ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์”ป๊ฒจ ๋‚˜๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
while we were awake.
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๊นจ์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์Œ“์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ํ™• ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
07:47
Deep sleep is like a power cleanse for the brain.
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๊นŠ์€ ์ž ์€ ๋‡Œ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ํด๋ Œ์ง•ํฌ๋ฆผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
But what happens if you shortchange yourself on sleep?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž ์„ ๋œ ์ž๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
07:55
Many scientists believe
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๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
that poor sleep hygiene might actually be a predictor of Alzheimer's.
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€์กฑ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
A single night of sleep deprivation leads to an increase in amyloid beta.
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ํ•˜๋ฃป ๋ฐค์„ ์ƒˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋ฒ ํƒ€ ์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
And amyloid accumulation has been shown to disrupt sleep,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์ถ•์ ๋˜๋ฉด ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์žฅ์• ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
which in turn causes more amyloid to accumulate.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์ถ•์ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
08:13
And so now we have this positive feedback loop
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์ œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๋ถ€์กฑ๊ณผ ๋ฒ ํƒ€ ์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•˜๊ณ ์š”.
08:15
that's going to accelerate the tipping of that scale.
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์ด๋Š” ์•ž์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ ์‹œ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
What else?
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋ง๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
08:20
Cardiovascular health.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
High blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, smoking, high cholesterol,
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๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹น๋‡จ, ๋น„๋งŒ, ํก์—ฐ ๋†’์€ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘
08:26
have all been shown to increase our risk of developing Alzheimer's.
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์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ ๋ณ‘์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
Some autopsy studies have shown
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋ถ€๊ฒ€ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด์š”.
08:32
that as many as 80 percent of people with Alzheimer's
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์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๋ฌด๋ ค 80ํผ์„ผํŠธ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด
08:35
also had cardiovascular disease.
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์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์งˆํ™˜์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
Aerobic exercise has been shown in many studies to decrease amyloid beta
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์œ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ์šด๋™์€ ๋ฒ ํƒ€ ์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
08:43
in animal models of the disease.
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์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
So a heart-healthy Mediterranean lifestyle and diet
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ข‹์€ ์ง€์ค‘ํ•ด์‹ ์ƒํ™œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋‚˜ ์‹์ด์š”๋ฒ•์ด
08:49
can help to counter the tipping of this scale.
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์‹œ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ธฐ์šธ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์— ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
So there are many things we can do
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์€ ๋งŽ์•„์š”.
08:54
to prevent or delay the onset of Alzheimer's.
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์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘์ด ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Šฆ์ถ”๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
But let's say you haven't done any of them.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
09:00
Let's say you're 65;
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๊ทธ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ 65์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด
09:02
there's Alzheimer's in your family, so you've likely inherited a gene or two
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๋˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ค‘์— ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ๋ ค๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด,
09:06
that tips your scale arm a bit;
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๊ทธ ์œ ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•˜๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„์š”.
09:08
you've been burning the candle at both ends for years;
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์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋…น์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋„๋ก ์ผํ–ˆ์ฃ .
09:11
you love bacon;
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๋ฒ ์ด์ปจ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์‹œ์ฃ ?
09:12
and you don't run unless someone's chasing you.
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ซ“์•„์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋›ฐ์งˆ ์•Š์œผ์‹œ์ฃ .
09:14
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:16
Let's imagine that your amyloid plaques have reached that tipping point.
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์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด ํ‹ฐํ•‘ํฌ์ธํŠธ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด์š”.
09:19
Your scale arm has crashed to the floor.
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์ฆ‰, ์‹œ์†Œ ํ•œ ์ชฝ์ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋‹ฟ์€ ๊ทธ ์‹œ์  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:21
You've tripped the cascade,
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์—ฐ์‡„ ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๊ฒ ๊ณ ์š”.
09:23
setting fire to the forest,
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์ˆฒ์— ๋ถˆ์ด ๋ฒˆ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
causing inflammation, tangles, and cell death.
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์—ผ์ฆ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฌ์œ  ์–ฝํž˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์ด ์ฃฝ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:28
You should be symptomatic for Alzheimer's.
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์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
09:31
You should be having trouble finding words and keys
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์–ด๋–ค ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง€๊ณ  ์—ด์‡ ๋„ ์ž์ฃผ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
and remembering what I said at the beginning of this talk.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ์• ๋ฅผ ๋จน๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
09:38
But you might not be.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
There's one more thing you can do to protect yourself
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
09:43
from experiencing the symptoms of Alzheimer's,
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์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ฆ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์š”.
09:46
even if you have the full-blown disease pathology ablaze in your brain.
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๊ทธ ๋ณ‘์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง๊ฐ€์ ธ ๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋‹ค ํ•ด๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:50
It has to do with neural plasticity and cognitive reserve.
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์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ธ์ง€์œ ์ง€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
Remember, the experience of having Alzheimer's
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ ๋ณ‘์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์€
09:57
is ultimately a result of losing synapses.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‹œ๋ƒ…์Šค์˜ ์ƒ์‹ค๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:01
The average brain has over a hundred trillion synapses,
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๋ณดํ†ต ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋‡Œ์— ์‹œ๋ƒ…์Šค์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๋Š” 100์กฐ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
10:04
which is fantastic; we've got a lot to work with.
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์–ด๋งˆ์–ด๋งˆ ํ•˜์ง€์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด ์˜จ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
10:07
And this isn't a static number.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
We gain and lose synapses all the time,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๋ƒ…์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ๋˜ ์ค„์—ฌ๋‚˜๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
through a process called neural plasticity.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ผ์ปซ๋Š” ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
Every time we learn something new,
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๋งค ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•™์Šตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
we are creating and strengthening new neural connections,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
10:20
new synapses.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๋ƒ…์Šค๋ฅผ์š”.
10:22
In the Nun Study,
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์ˆ˜๋…€๋“ค์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
678 nuns, all over the age of 75 when the study began,
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678์˜ ์ˆ˜๋…€๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ˆ๊ตฌ์š”. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋‹น์‹œ ๋ชจ๋‘ 75์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
were followed for more than two decades.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 20๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๊ตฌ์š”.
10:31
They were regularly given physical checkups and cognitive tests,
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๊ทธ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์‹ ์ฒด ๊ฒ€์ง„์™€ ์ธ์ง€๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ทœ์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
and when they died, their brains were all donated for autopsy.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ, ๊ทธ๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ธฐ์ฆ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
In some of these brains, scientists discovered something surprising.
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๋ช‡๋ช‡์˜ ๋‡Œ์—์„œ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:43
Despite the presence of plaques and tangles and brain shrinkage --
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์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ ๋ฐ˜์ ๊ณผ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฌ์œ ์–ฝํž˜, ๋‡Œ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
10:48
what appeared to be unquestionable Alzheimer's --
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์˜์‹ฌํ•  ์—ฌ์ง€์—†์ด ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ฆ์ƒ์ธ๋ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
10:51
the nuns who had belonged to these brains showed no signs
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ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š” ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ƒํ™œํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๋…€๋“ค ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์–ด๋Š ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„
10:54
of having the disease while they were alive.
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์‚ด์•„ ์ƒ์ „์— ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ ๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
How can this be?
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
10:59
We think it's because these nuns had a high level of cognitive reserve,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋…€๋“ค์ด ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ธ์ง€ ์œ ์ง€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
which is a way of saying that they had more functional synapses.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด์„œ, ์ข€ ๋” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ์ธ ์‹œ๋ƒ…์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
11:07
People who have more years of formal education,
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๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋” ์ˆ˜๋ฃŒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๋‚˜
11:10
who have a high degree of literacy,
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๊ธ€์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํƒ์›”ํ•œ ์ด๋“ค
11:12
who engage regularly in mentally stimulating activities,
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์ •์‹ ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์–‘ ํ™œ๋™์— ๊ทœ์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ์ด๋“ค
11:16
all have more cognitive reserve.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ง€ ์œ ์ง€๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
They have an abundance and a redundancy in neural connections.
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ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค‘๋ณต๋˜์–ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
So even if they have a disease like Alzheimer's
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋น„๋ก ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
11:25
compromising some of their synapses,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹œ๋ƒ…์Šค ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•œ๋‹ค ํ•ด๋„
11:27
they've got many extra backup connections,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•  ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
11:30
and this buffers them from noticing that anything is amiss.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์— ์™„์ถฉ์ œ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
Let's imagine a simplified example.
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
11:37
Let's say you only know one thing about a subject.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹จ์ง€ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋งŒ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
11:39
Let's say it's about me.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ €๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด์š”.
11:41
You know that Lisa Genova wrote "Still Alice,"
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๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ ์ œ๋…ธ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ <์Šคํ‹ธ ์•จ๋ฆฌ์Šค>๋ฅผ ์ผ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•„์‹คํ…๋ฐ์š”.
11:43
and that's the only thing you know about me.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ €์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด์š”.
11:46
You have that single neural connection,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์…ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
that one synapse.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹œ๋ƒ…์Šค๋งŒ์„์š”.
11:50
Now imagine you have Alzheimer's.
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ ๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์–ด๊ฐ€๋ณด๋ฉด
11:52
You have plaques and tangles and inflammation
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์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ ๋ฐ˜์ , ์–ฝํžˆ๊ณ  ๊ผฌ์ธ ์„ฌ์œ , ์—ผ์ฆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ณ ์š”.
11:55
and microglia devouring that synapse.
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์‹ ๊ฒฝ์•„๊ต์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋ƒ…์Šค๋ฅผ ์ง‘์–ด ์‚ผ์ผœ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ธ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
Now when someone asks you, "Hey, who wrote 'Still Alice?'"
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์ด ๋•Œ, ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ . "์ €, <์Šคํ‹ธ ์•จ๋ฆฌ์Šค>๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ฃ ?"
12:02
you can't remember,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
because that synapse is either failing or gone.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹œ๋ƒ…์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์„ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
12:07
You've forgotten me forever.
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์ €๋ฅผ ์˜์›ํžˆ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆด ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
But what if you had learned more about me?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์ €์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
12:12
Let's say you learned four things about me.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ €์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
12:14
Now imagine you have Alzheimer's,
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ ๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด
12:16
and three of those synapses are damaged or destroyed.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹œ๋ƒ…์Šค๊ฐ€ ์†์ƒ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค ํ•ด๋„
12:19
You still have a way to detour the wreckage.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์ด ์ด์–ด์ง€๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ํŒŒํŽธ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
You can still remember my name.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ ์ œ๋…ธ๋ฒ„๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
12:25
So we can be resilient to the presence of Alzheimer's pathology
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์  ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
through the recruitment of yet-undamaged pathways.
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์•„์ง ์†์ƒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ†ต๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:32
And we create these pathways, this cognitive reserve,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธธ, ์ธ์ง€ ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
12:35
by learning new things.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•™์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
Ideally, we want these new things to be as rich in meaning as possible,
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์ด์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ’์„ฑํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ์ด๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ์ฃ .
12:42
recruiting sight and sound and associations and emotion.
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์‹œ๊ฐ, ์†Œ๋ฆฌ, ์—ฐ์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋™์›ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
12:48
So this really doesn't mean doing crossword puzzles.
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์ด๊ฑด ํผ์ฆ๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:51
You don't want to simply retrieve information you've already learned,
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๋ฐฐ์šด ์ง€์‹์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ •๋ณด๋งŒ ๋„์ง‘์–ด ๋‚ด๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
12:55
because this is like traveling down old, familiar streets,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฑท๋Š”๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
12:58
cruising neighborhoods you already know.
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์นœ์ˆ™ํ•œ ์ด์›ƒ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
13:01
You want to pave new neural roads.
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๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์„ ๋†“์œผ๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
Building an Alzheimer's-resistant brain
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์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ ๋ณ‘์— ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
13:07
means learning to speak Italian,
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์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
13:09
meeting new friends,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๊ท€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
13:11
reading a book,
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์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:12
or listening to a great TED Talk.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ทผ์‚ฌํ•œ TED๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
13:15
And if, despite all of this, you are someday diagnosed with Alzheimer's,
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋„ ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋ฉฐ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
13:20
there are three lessons I've learned from my grandmother
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์ €๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ œ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ ์ด ๋ณ‘์„ ์•“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์š”.
13:23
and the dozens of people I've come to know living with this disease.
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13:27
Diagnosis doesn't mean you're dying tomorrow.
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์ง„๋‹จ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋‚ด์ผ ์ฃฝ๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
13:31
Keep living.
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์‚ถ์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด์–ด๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
13:32
You won't lose your emotional memory.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์  ๊ธฐ์–ต์€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:35
You'll still be able to understand love and joy.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์จ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
13:38
You might not remember what I said five minutes ago,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ 5๋ถ„ ์ „์— ํ•œ ๋ง์€ ๊ธฐ์–ต ๋ชป ํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
13:41
but you'll remember how I made you feel.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:44
And you are more than what you can remember.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ธฐ์–ต ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์กด์žฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:48
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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