Abraham Verghese: A doctor's touch

450,033 views ใƒป 2011-09-26

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Kyo young Chu ๊ฒ€ํ† : JaeHoon Lee
00:15
A few months ago,
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๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ์ „
00:17
a 40 year-old woman came to an emergency room
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์˜ ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค๋กœ
00:20
in a hospital close to where I live,
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ํ•œ 40๋Œ€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด
00:22
and she was brought in confused.
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ํ˜ผ๋ž€์— ๋น ์ง„ ์ฑ„๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:24
Her blood pressure was an alarming
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ํ˜ˆ์••์€
00:26
230 over 170.
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170/230์œผ๋กœ ์•„์ฃผ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:29
Within a few minutes, she went into cardiac collapse.
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๋ถˆ๊ณผ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„ ์•ˆ์— ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‹ฌ์žฅ์— ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:32
She was resuscitated, stabilized,
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์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ์†Œ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ์•ˆ์ •์‹œํ‚จ ๋‹ค์Œ
00:35
whisked over to a CAT scan suite
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ํ์— ํ˜ˆ์ „์ด
00:37
right next to the emergency room,
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์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
00:39
because they were concerned about blood clots in the lung.
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์žฌ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ์˜†์— ์žˆ๋Š” CAT ์Šค์บ”์‹ค๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:42
And the CAT scan revealed
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ CAT ์Šค์บ”์—์„ 
00:44
no blood clots in the lung,
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ํ์— ํ˜ˆ์ „์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง„๋‹จ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:46
but it showed bilateral, visible, palpable breast masses,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์Šด์— ๋Œ€์นญ์ ์ด๊ณ , ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•œ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ,
00:51
breast tumors,
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์ฆ‰ ๊ฐ€์Šด ์ข…์–‘์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
00:53
that had metastasized widely
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์ด๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์˜จ๋ชธ์—
00:55
all over the body.
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๋„“๊ฒŒ ์ „์ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:57
And the real tragedy was, if you look through her records,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ๋˜๋ฉด, ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ทน์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€
01:00
she had been seen
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ํ•ด ๋™์•ˆ
01:02
in four or five other health care institutions
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4~5ํšŒ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ฒ€์ง„ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„
01:04
in the preceding two years.
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๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:06
Four or five opportunities
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์ฆ‰, ๊ฐ€์Šด์˜ ์ข…์–‘์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ,
01:08
to see the breast masses, touch the breast mass,
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์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ด์ „์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ
01:10
intervene at a much earlier stage
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์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” 4~5๋ฒˆ์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€
01:13
than when we saw her.
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์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:15
Ladies and gentlemen,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„,
01:17
that is not an unusual story.
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์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ํ”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:19
Unfortunately, it happens all the time.
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์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:22
I joke, but I only half joke,
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์ €๋Š” ๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
01:24
that if you come to one of our hospitals missing a limb,
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ํ•œ ์ชฝ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ฑ„๋กœ ๋ณ‘์›์— ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋ฉด,
01:27
no one will believe you till they get a CAT scan, MRI
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์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ CAT ์Šค์บ”์ด๋‚˜ MRI, ๋˜๋Š” ์ •ํ˜•์™ธ๊ณผ์˜์™€ ์ƒ๋‹ด์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—”
01:30
or orthopedic consult.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋ฏฟ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋†๋‹ด ๋ฐ˜, ์ง„๋‹ด ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:32
I am not a Luddite.
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์ „ ๋ฐ˜(ๅ)๊ธฐ๊ณ„์šด๋™์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:34
I teach at Stanford.
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์ „ ์Šคํƒ ํฌ๋“œ์˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ด์ž,
01:36
I'm a physician practicing with cutting-edge technology.
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์ตœ์‹ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ์ง„๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:38
But I'd like to make the case to you
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ 17๋ถ„ ๊ฐ„
01:40
in the next 17 minutes
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š”
01:42
that when we shortcut the physical exam,
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์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ํ™˜์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
01:46
when we lean towards ordering tests
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์ง„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋๋‚ด๊ณ , ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ถŒํ•  ๋•Œ,
01:48
instead of talking to and examining the patient,
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์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ
01:51
we not only overlook simple diagnoses
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๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‰ฌ์šด ์ง„๋‹จ์„
01:54
that can be diagnosed at a treatable, early stage,
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๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:57
but we're losing much more than that.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋†“์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:59
We're losing a ritual.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์˜์‹์„ ์žƒ์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:01
We're losing a ritual that I believe is transformative, transcendent,
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๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ํž˜์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ํƒ์›”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
02:04
and is at the heart
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์˜์‚ฌ์™€ ํ™˜์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
02:06
of the patient-physician relationship.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜์‹์„ ์žƒ์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:08
This may actually be heresy to say this at TED,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ด๊ณณ TED์—์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค ํ†ต๋…์„ ๊นจ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:11
but I'd like to introduce you
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜
02:13
to the most important innovation,
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
02:15
I think, in medicine
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์˜ํ•™๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
02:17
to come in the next 10 years,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ด ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:19
and that is the power of the human hand --
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋งŒ์ง€๊ณ , ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ,
02:21
to touch, to comfort, to diagnose
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์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š”
02:24
and to bring about treatment.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์†์˜ ํž˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:26
I'd like to introduce you first to this person
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๋จผ์ € ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•„์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋ฅด์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”
02:29
whose image you may or may not recognize.
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ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:31
This is Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์•„์„œ ์ฝ”๋‚œ ๋„์ผ ๊ฒฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:33
Since we're in Edinburgh, I'm a big fan of Conan Doyle.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์—๋”˜๋ฒ„๋Ÿฌ์— ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ „ ์ฝ”๋‚œ ๋„์ผ์˜ ๊ด‘ํŒฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:36
You might not know that Conan Doyle went to medical school
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜์„  ์•„๋งˆ ์ฝ”๋‚œ ๋„์ผ์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์—๋”˜๋ฒ„๋Ÿฌ์—์„œ
02:38
here in Edinburgh,
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์˜๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋…”๊ณ ,
02:40
and his character, Sherlock Holmes,
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๊ทธ์˜ ์†Œ์„ค์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์ธ๋ฌผ์ธ ์…œ๋ก ํ™ˆ์ฆˆ๊ฐ€
02:42
was inspired by Sir Joseph Bell.
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์กฐ์…‰ ๋ฒจ ๊ฒฝ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:45
Joseph Bell was an extraordinary teacher by all accounts.
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์กฐ์…‰ ๋ฒจ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฉด์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:48
And Conan Doyle, writing about Bell,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฝ”๋‚œ ๋„์ผ์€
02:51
described the following exchange
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๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ๋ฒจ๊ณผ ๊ทธ์˜ ํ•™์ƒ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ
02:53
between Bell and his students.
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ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฒจ์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:55
So picture Bell sitting in the outpatient department,
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์ž ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ฒจ์ด ์™ธ๋ž˜์ง„๋ฃŒ ๋ถ€์„œ์—์„œ ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
02:58
students all around him,
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ ์Œ“๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
03:00
patients signing up in the emergency room
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ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค์— ์™€์„œ ๋“ฑ๋ก์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
03:02
and being registered and being brought in.
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์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋ณด๋‚ด ์ง€๋Š” ์žฅ๋ฉด์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”
03:05
And a woman comes in with a child,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์•„์ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:07
and Conan Doyle describes the following exchange.
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์ฝ”๋‚œ ๋„์ผ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:10
The woman says, "Good Morning."
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด "์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ž,
03:14
Bell says, "What sort of crossing did you have
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๋ฒจ์€ "๋ฒˆํŠธ ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ ํŽ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ 
03:17
on the ferry from Burntisland?"
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์˜ค์‹ค ๋•Œ ์–ด๋• ๋‚˜์š”??"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:20
She says, "It was good."
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” "์ข‹์•˜์–ด์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
03:22
And he says, "What did you do with the other child?"
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๋ฒจ์€ "๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ด๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์…จ์ฃ ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:25
She says, "I left him with my sister at Leith."
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” "๋ผ์ž‡์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ธ๋‹ˆํ•œํ…Œ ๋งก๊ฒผ์–ด์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ–ˆ์–ด์š”
03:28
And he says,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ๊ทธ๋Š”,
03:30
"And did you take the shortcut down Inverleith Row
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"์ด ๋ณ‘์›์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค์‹ค ๋•Œ ์ธ๋ฒ„๋ ˆ์ž‡ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ
03:32
to get here to the infirmary?"
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์ง€๋ฆ„๊ธธ๋กœ ์˜ค์…จ๋‚˜์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:34
She says, "I did."
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” "๋„ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
03:36
And he says, "Would you still be working at the linoleum factory?"
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฒจ์ด "์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋งˆ๋ฃจ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌป์ž
03:40
And she says, "I am."
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” "๋„ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:42
And Bell then goes on to explain to the students.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๋ฒจ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:44
He says, "You see, when she said, 'Good morning,'
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๊ทธ๋Š” "์ž, ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ '์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ,
03:47
I picked up her Fife accent.
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๋‚œ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์–ต์–‘์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๋„ค
03:49
And the nearest ferry crossing from Fife is from Burntisland.
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๋˜ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ํŽ˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฒˆํŠธ ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€
03:52
And so she must have taken the ferry over.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†์ด ํŽ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์™”์„ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ
03:55
You notice that the coat she's carrying
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๋„ˆํฌ๋“ค๋„ ์•„๋งˆ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฝ”ํŠธ๊ฐ€
03:57
is too small for the child who is with her,
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๊ฐ™์ด ์˜จ ์•„์ด์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—” ์ข€ ํฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๊ผˆ์„๊บผ์•ผ
04:00
and therefore, she started out the journey with two children,
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์ฆ‰, ๋‘ ์•„์ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ธธ์„ ๋‚˜์™”์ง€๋งŒ
04:03
but dropped one off along the way.
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์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ํ•œ ๋ช…์„ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์— ๋‘๊ณ  ์™”๊ฒ ์ง€
04:06
You notice the clay on the soles of her feet.
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์‹ ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ‘์ฐฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง„ํ™๋„ ๋ดค๊ฒ ์ง€
04:08
Such red clay is not found within a hundred miles of Edinburgh,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ถ‰์€ ํ™์€ ์—๋”˜๋ฒ„๋Ÿฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ 100๋งˆ์ผ ์ด๋‚ด์—์„  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€
04:12
except in the botanical gardens.
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์‹๋ฌผ์›์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณค ๋ง์ด์•ผ
04:14
And therefore, she took a short cut down Inverleith Row
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ธ๋ฒ„๋ ˆ์ž‡ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ํ†ตํ•˜๋Š”
04:17
to arrive here.
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์ง€๋ฆ„๊ธธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€
04:19
And finally, she has a dermatitis
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์†
04:21
on the fingers of her right hand,
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์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์—๋Š” ํ”ผ๋ถ€์—ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:23
a dermatitis that is unique
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ํ”ผ๋ถ€์—ผ์€ ๋ฒˆํŠธ ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ์— ์žˆ๋Š”
04:25
to the linoleum factory workers in Burntisland."
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๋ฆฌ๋†€๋ฅจ(๋งˆ๋ฃจ) ๊ณต์žฅ์˜ ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ง€"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:28
And when Bell actually strips the patient,
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๋ฒจ์ด ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•  ๋•Œ,
04:30
begins to examine the patient,
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ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ,
04:32
you can only imagine how much more he would discern.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋” ์ถ”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒ ๋ฐ–์— ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:35
And as a teacher of medicine, as a student myself,
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์˜ํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ด์ž ํ•™์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ
04:38
I was so inspired by that story.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊นŠ์€ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:40
But you might not realize
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ด ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•,
04:42
that our ability to look into the body
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์ฆ‰ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ
04:44
in this simple way, using our senses,
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๋ชธ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณด๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด
04:46
is quite recent.
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์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:48
The picture I'm showing you is of Leopold Auenbrugger
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
04:51
who, in the late 1700s,
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1700๋…„ ๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜ ํƒ€์ง„(ๆ‰“่จบ)์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ
04:53
discovered percussion.
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๋ ˆ์˜คํดํŠธ ์•„์šฐ์—”๋ธŒ๋ฃจ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:55
And the story is that Leopold Auenbrugger
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ ˆ์˜คํดํŠธ ์•„์šฐ์—”๋ธŒ๋ฃจ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€
04:58
was the son of an innkeeper.
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์—ฌ๊ด€ ์ฃผ์ธ์˜ ์•„๋“ค์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:01
And his father used to go down into the basement
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์ง€ํ•˜์‹ค์— ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€์„œ
05:04
to tap on the sides of casks of wine
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋งŒํผ์˜ ์™€์ธ์ด ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๊ณ ,
05:06
to determine how much wine was left
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
05:08
and whether to reorder.
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์™€์ธํ†ต์˜ ์˜†์„ ์น˜๊ณค ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:10
And so when Auenbrugger became a physician,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์•„์šฐ์  ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๊ณผ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
05:12
he began to do the same thing.
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:14
He began to tap on the chests of his patients,
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ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€์Šด๊ณผ
05:17
on their abdomens.
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๋ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋‘๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ 
05:19
And basically everything we know about percussion,
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ€์ง„์€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ํ™•๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ง„,
05:21
which you can think of as an ultrasound of its day --
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์‹ฌ์žฅ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ์ˆ˜์•ก, ํ ์•ˆ์˜ ์ˆ˜์•ก,
05:25
organ enlargement, fluid around the heart, fluid in the lungs,
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๋ณต๋ถ€์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋“ฑ
05:28
abdominal changes --
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:30
all of this he described in this wonderful manuscript
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„
05:32
"Inventum Novum," "New Invention,"
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"์ƒˆ ๋ฐœ๋ช…"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์„œ์— ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
05:35
which would have disappeared into obscurity,
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์ด ์ฑ…์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋‚˜ํด๋ ˆ์˜น์˜ ์ฃผ์น˜์˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š”
05:37
except for the fact that this physician, Corvisart,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ด์ง„ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์˜์‚ฌ์ธ
05:40
a famous French physician --
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์ฝ”๋ฅด๋น„์ž๋ฅด ์ด์™ธ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒ
05:42
famous only because he was physician to this gentleman --
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๊นŒ๋งฃ๊ฒŒ ์žŠํ˜€์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
05:45
Corvisart repopularized and reintroduced the work.
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์ฝ”๋ฅด๋น„์ž๋ฅด๊ฐ€ ํƒ€์ง„์„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:49
And it was followed a year or two later
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  1, 2๋…„ ๋’ค์— ๋ ˆ๋„ฅ์ด
05:51
by Laennec discovering the stethoscope.
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์ฒญ์ง„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ด์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:54
Laennec, it is said, was walking in the streets of Paris
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๋ ˆ๋„ฅ์ด ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
05:57
and saw two children playing with a stick.
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๋ง‰๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋†€ ๋˜ ๋‘ ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๋ดค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:59
One was scratching at the end of the stick,
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ํ•œ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ง‰๋Œ€์˜ ๋์„ ๊ธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
06:02
another child listened at the other end.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ์—์„œ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:04
And Laennec thought this would be a wonderful way
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๋ ˆ๋„ฅ์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด "์‹ค๋ฆฐ๋”(์›ํ†ต)"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
06:06
to listen to the chest or listen to the abdomen
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ํ‰๋ถ€์™€ ๋ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ์—
06:08
using what he called "the cylinder."
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์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:10
Later he renamed it the stethoscope.
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฒญ์ง„๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์ง€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:12
And that is how stethoscope and auscultation was born.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฒญ์ง„๊ธฐ์™€ ์ฒญ์ง„๋ฒ•์ด ํƒ„์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:16
So within a few years,
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์ดํ›„ ๋ช‡ ๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„
06:18
in the late 1800s, early 1900s,
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1800๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜์—์„œ 1900๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜,
06:20
all of a sudden,
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ
06:22
the barber surgeon had given way
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์ด๋ฐœ์‚ฌ ๊ฒธ ์™ธ๊ณผ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด
06:25
to the physician who was trying to make a diagnosis.
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์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋‚ด๊ณผ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:28
If you'll recall, prior to that time,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜์„œ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์ด์ „์—๋Š”
06:30
no matter what ailed you, you went to see the barber surgeon
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋“ ์ง€ ์ด๋ฐœ์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:33
who wound up cupping you,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์„œ ๋ถ€ํ•ญ์„ ๋œจ๊ณ ,
06:35
bleeding you, purging you.
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ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์„œ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:37
And, oh yes, if you wanted,
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์•„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
06:39
he would give you a haircut -- short on the sides, long in the back --
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์˜†๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์งง๊ฒŒ, ๋’ท๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์ž˜๋ผ์ฃผ๊ณ ,
06:42
and pull your tooth while he was at it.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ์™€์ค‘์— ์ด๋นจ๋„ ๋ฝ‘์•„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:44
He made no attempt at diagnosis.
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์ด๋ฐœ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:46
In fact, some of you might well know
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„์€ ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
06:48
that the barber pole, the red and white stripes,
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์ด๋ฐœ์†Œ ํ‘œ์‹œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰๊ณผ ํฐ์ƒ‰ ์ค„๋ฌด๋Šฌ๋Š”
06:51
represents the blood bandages of the barber surgeon,
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์ด๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์˜ ํ”ผ๋ฌป์€ ๋ถ•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
06:54
and the receptacles on either end
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ํ•œ ์ชฝ์˜ ๋์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ›์นจ์€
06:56
represent the pots in which the blood was collected.
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ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋˜ ๋‹จ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:59
But the arrival of auscultation and percussion
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฒญ์ง„๋ฒ•๊ณผ ํƒ€์ง„์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์€
07:02
represented a sea change,
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๋‚ด๊ณผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํ”ผ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์˜
07:04
a moment when physicians were beginning to look inside the body.
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์ ์ง„์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:07
And this particular painting, I think,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€
07:10
represents the pinnacle, the peak, of that clinical era.
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์˜๋ฃŒ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์ •์ , ์ „์„ฑ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:13
This is a very famous painting:
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์•„์ฃผ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:15
"The Doctor" by Luke Fildes.
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๋ฃจํฌ ํ•„๋ฐ์Šค ์ž‘์˜ "์˜์‚ฌ"์ฃ 
07:18
Luke Fildes was commissioned to paint this by Tate,
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๋ฃจํฌ ํ•„๋ฐ์Šค๋Š” ํ…Œ์ดํŠธ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์„ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•œ ํ…Œ์ดํŠธ ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
07:21
who then established the Tate Gallery.
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:23
And Tate asked Fildes to paint a painting
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ…Œ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ํ•„๋ฐ์Šค์—๊ฒŒ
07:25
of social importance.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ์ฃ 
07:27
And it's interesting that Fildes picked this topic.
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ํ•„๋ฐ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ๋ฝ‘์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ฐธ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:30
Fildes' oldest son, Philip,
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ํ•„๋ฐ์Šค์˜ ํฐ ์•„๋“ค ํ•„๋ฆฝ์€
07:33
died at the age of nine on Christmas Eve
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ์ „๋‚  ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์šด ์งˆ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
07:36
after a brief illness.
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9์‚ด์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋กœ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:38
And Fildes was so taken by the physician
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ํ•„๋ฐ์Šค๋Š” 2~3์ผ ๋ฐค์„ ๊ณ์—์„œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ
07:41
who held vigil at the bedside for two, three nights,
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ํ•˜๋˜ ์˜์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ๊ฐ๋™๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:45
that he decided that he would try and depict
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด ์˜์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ
07:47
the physician in our time --
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ
07:49
almost a tribute to this physician.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋ณด๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:51
And hence the painting "The Doctor," a very famous painting.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ, ์•„์ฃผ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ธ "์˜์‚ฌ"๋ผ๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€
07:54
It's been on calendars, postage stamps in many different countries.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ๋‹ฌ๋ ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์šฐํŽธ์—ฝ์„œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:57
I've often wondered, what would Fildes have done
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์ „ ๊ฐ€๋” ๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ํ•„๋ฐ์Šค๊ฐ€
08:00
had he been asked to paint this painting
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ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜, 2011๋…„์˜ "์˜์‚ฌ"๋ฅผ
08:02
in the modern era,
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๊ทธ๋ ค ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด,
08:04
in the year 2011?
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆด ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ดํ•˜๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:07
Would he have substituted a computer screen
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ ธ๋˜ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—
08:11
for where he had the patient?
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ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ™”๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
08:13
I've gotten into some trouble in Silicon Valley
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
08:15
for saying that the patient in the bed
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์นจ์ƒ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง„์งœ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ์•„์ด์ฝ˜์œผ๋กœ
08:17
has almost become an icon
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์ „๋ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์—
08:20
for the real patient who's in the computer.
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๋ฌธ์ œ์— ํœ˜๋ง๋ฆฐ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:23
I've actually coined a term for that entity in the computer.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ „ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‹ค์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:26
I call it the iPatient.
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์ „ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ iPatient๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:28
The iPatient is getting wonderful care all across America.
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iPatient๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ „์—ญ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋†€๋ž„๋งŒํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:31
The real patient often wonders,
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์‹ค์ œ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์ข…์ข…
08:33
where is everyone?
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"๋‹ค๋“ค ์–ด๋””์žˆ์ง€?",
08:35
When are they going to come by and explain things to me?
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"์–ธ์ œ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์™€์„œ ๋‚˜ํ•œํ…Œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์•ผ?",
08:38
Who's in charge?
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"์ฑ…์ž„์ž๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ง€?" ๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ํ’ˆ๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:40
There's a real disjunction between the patient's perception
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ตœ์ƒ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
08:43
and our own perceptions as physicians of the best medical care.
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ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ธ์‹์˜ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๊ดด๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:46
I want to show you a picture
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์Šต์œผ๋กœ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
08:48
of what rounds looked like
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ํšŒ์ง„์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์ด์—ˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€
08:50
when I was in training.
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๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:52
The focus was around the patient.
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๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:54
We went from bed to bed. The attending physician was in charge.
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์นจ๋Œ€์—์„œ ์นจ๋Œ€๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๋‹ค๋…”๊ณ , ์ฃผ์น˜์˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:57
Too often these days,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ํšŒ์ง„์€
08:59
rounds look very much like this,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:01
where the discussion is taking place
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ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„
09:03
in a room far away from the patient.
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๋ฐฉ ํ•œ์ผ ์—์„œ ํ† ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ค„์ง€์ฃ 
09:06
The discussion is all about images on the computer, data.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ, ์ฆ‰ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:09
And the one critical piece missing
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์—†๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฐ์€
09:11
is that of the patient.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ™˜์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:13
Now I've been influenced in this thinking
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์ „ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€
09:16
by two anecdotes that I want to share with you.
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์ด ๋‘ ์ผํ™”์— ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:19
One had to do with a friend of mine who had a breast cancer,
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ํ•œ ์ผํ™”๋Š” ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:22
had a small breast cancer detected --
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์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์Šด์— ์ž‘์€ ์ข…์–‘์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
09:25
had her lumpectomy in the town in which I lived.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ข…์–‘์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:27
This is when I was in Texas.
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์ด๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:29
And she then spent a lot of time researching
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ฐจํ›„์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
09:32
to find the best cancer center in the world
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์•”์„ผํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ 
09:35
to get her subsequent care.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์— ์Ÿ์•„๋ถ€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:37
And she found the place and decided to go there, went there.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ณณ์„ ์ฐพ์•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ ๋’ค, ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—˜ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:40
Which is why I was surprised a few months later
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ํ›„
09:43
to see her back in our own town,
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๊ฐœ์ธ ์ข…์–‘ํ•™ ์ „๋ฌธ์˜์—๊ฒŒ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ
09:46
getting her subsequent care with her private oncologist.
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๋งˆ์„์—์„œ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ ๋†€๋žฌ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ 
09:49
And I pressed her, and I asked her,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „ ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:51
"Why did you come back and get your care here?"
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"์™œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™€์„œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์•ผ?"
09:54
And she was reluctant to tell me.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋งˆ์ง€๋ชปํ•ด ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:56
She said, "The cancer center was wonderful.
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"์•”์„ผํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์•˜์–ด
09:59
It had a beautiful facility,
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์‹œ์„ค๋„ ์•„์ฃผ ์˜ˆ๋ปค์—ˆ๊ณ ,
10:01
giant atrium, valet parking,
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์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ฐœ๋ ›ํŒŒํ‚น๋„ ํ•ด์คฌ๊ณ ,
10:03
a piano that played itself,
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์•Œ์•„์„œ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋˜๋Š” ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
10:05
a concierge that took you around from here to there.
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์ง‘์—์„œ ์•”์„ผํ„ฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ๋ ค๋‹ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ธ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด
10:08
But," she said,
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๊ทผ๋ฐ ๋ง์ด์ง€
10:10
"but they did not touch my breasts."
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์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๋‚ด ๊ฐ€์Šด์„ ๋งŒ์ ธ๋ณด์งˆ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๊ณ "๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:14
Now you and I could argue
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋งˆ๋„
10:16
that they probably did not need to touch her breasts.
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๊ฐ€์Šด์„ ์ด‰์ง„(่งธ่จบ)ํ•ด ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:18
They had her scanned inside out.
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์ด๋ฏธ ์˜จ๋ชธ์„ ์Šค์บ”ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”
10:20
They understood her breast cancer at the molecular level;
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„ธํฌ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๊ฐ€์Šด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ์—
10:23
they had no need to touch her breasts.
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๊ฐ€์Šด์„ ๋งŒ์ ธ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:25
But to her, it mattered deeply.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒ ์ด‰์ง„์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:28
It was enough for her to make the decision
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์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์˜€๋‚˜๋ฉด,
10:32
to get her subsequent care with her private oncologist
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๋งค์ผ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•ด์„œ
10:35
who, every time she went,
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๊ฒจ๋“œ๋ž‘์ด์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ชฉ, ์„œํ˜œ๋ถ€๊นŒ์ง€
10:37
examined both breasts including the axillary tail,
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ•ด ์ค„
10:40
examined her axilla carefully,
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๊ฐœ์ธ ์ข…์–‘ ์ „๋ฌธ์˜๋ฅผ ๋‘๋ ค๊ณ 
10:42
examined her cervical region, her inguinal region,
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๋งˆ์Œ๋จน๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—
10:44
did a thorough exam.
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:46
And to her, that spoke of a kind of attentiveness that she needed.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์„ธ์‹ฌํ•จ์„ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:50
I was very influenced by that anecdote.
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์ „ ๊ทธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํฐ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:52
I was also influenced by another experience that I had,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์Šคํƒ ํฌ๋“œ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์ „,
10:55
again, when I was in Texas, before I moved to Stanford.
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ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค์—์„œ ๊ฒช์—ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์—์„œ๋„ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:58
I had a reputation
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์ „ ๋งŒ์„ฑํ”ผ๋กœ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
11:00
as being interested in patients
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ํฐ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ธฐ๋กœ
11:02
with chronic fatigue.
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์œ ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:05
This is not a reputation you would wish on your worst enemy.
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๋‚ด๊ณผ์—์„œ ํž˜๋“  ์  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ๋งŒ์„ฑํ”ผ๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช…์„ฑ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:09
I say that because these are difficult patients.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ง์„ ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋งŒ์„ฑํ”ผ๋กœ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:12
They have often been rejected by their families,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ข…์ข… ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฒ„๋ฆผ๋ฐ›๊ณ ,
11:15
have had bad experiences with medical care
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๋ณ‘์› ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•ˆ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:17
and they come to you fully prepared
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋‚™๋‹ด์‹œํ‚ฌ
11:20
for you to join the long list of people
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๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ์ค„์ง€์–ด์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋  ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ
11:22
who's about to disappoint them.
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์™„๋ฒฝํžˆ ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์•„์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:24
And I learned very early on with my first patient
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ ์•„์ฃผ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์ œ ์ฒซ ํ™˜์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
11:27
that I could not do justice
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45๋ถ„ ๋’ค์— ๋‹ค์Œ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
11:29
to this very complicated patient
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์˜จ
11:31
with all the records they were bringing
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ง„๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๋ก๋“ค๋กœ๋„ ์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ
11:33
in a new patient visit of 45 minutes.
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์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:35
There was just no way.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:37
And if I tried, I'd disappoint them.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„, ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์‹ค๋ง์‹œํ‚ฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ป”ํ–ˆ์ฃ 
11:40
And so I hit on this method
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „ ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:42
where I invited the patient
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ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ ๋“ค์—ฌ์„œ
11:44
to tell me the story for their entire first visit,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ฒซ ์ง„๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ ,
11:47
and I tried not to interrupt them.
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์ „ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:50
We know the average American physician
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ํ‰๊ท ์ ์ธ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์€
11:52
interrupts their patient in 14 seconds.
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14์ดˆ ๋งŒ์— ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:55
And if I ever get to heaven,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒœ๊ตญ์— ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:57
it will be because I held my piece for 45 minutes
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ œ๊ฐ€ 45๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ
12:00
and did not interrupt my patient.
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์ œ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”
12:02
I then scheduled the physical exam for two weeks hence,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์ „ ์‹ ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ 2์ฃผ ๋’ค์— ์žก์•˜๊ณ ,
12:05
and when the patient came for the physical,
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ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋Ÿฌ ์™”์„ ๋•Œ
12:07
I was able to do a thorough physical,
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์ €๋Š” ์ฒ ์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:09
because I had nothing else to do.
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๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”
12:11
I like to think that I do a thorough physical exam,
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์ „ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ ์ €ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
12:14
but because the whole visit was now about the physical,
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์˜จ์ „ํžˆ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋งŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
12:17
I could do an extraordinarily thorough exam.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ฒ ์ €ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:20
And I remember my very first patient in that series
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์—์„œ
12:24
continued to tell me more history
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์ œ ์ฒซ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋„
12:26
during what was meant to be the physical exam visit.
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๊ทธ์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ์–ต๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:29
And I began my ritual.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์ „ ์ €๋งŒ์˜ ์˜์‹์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:31
I always begin with the pulse,
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์ „ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋งฅ์„ ์งš๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ
12:33
then I examine the hands, then I look at the nail beds,
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์†์„ ๋ณด๊ณ , ์†ํ†ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ,
12:36
then I slide my hand up to the epitrochlear node,
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์ œ ์†์„ ํŒ”๊ฟˆ์น˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฆผํ”„์ ˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ€์–ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ
12:38
and I was into my ritual.
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์ œ ์˜์‹์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:40
And when my ritual began,
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์ €๋งŒ์˜ ์˜์‹์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์ž,
12:42
this very voluble patient
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์ด ์ˆ˜๋‹ค์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ํ™˜์ž๋„
12:44
began to quiet down.
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์กฐ์šฉํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:46
And I remember having a very eerie sense
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋•Œ ์ €์™€ ์ œ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€
12:49
that the patient and I
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์„œ๋กœ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”
12:52
had slipped back into a primitive ritual
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์›์‹œ์˜ ์˜์‹์— ๋น ์ง€๋Š”
12:54
in which I had a role
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์ด์ƒํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด
12:56
and the patient had a role.
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๊ธฐ์–ต๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:58
And when I was done,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜์‹์„ ๋งˆ์น˜์ž
13:00
the patient said to me with some awe,
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๊ทธ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ๋†€๋ž€ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฒŒ
13:02
"I have never been examined like this before."
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"์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋ณธ ์ ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:05
Now if that were true,
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์ด์ œ, ๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ๊ทธ ๋ง์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ผ๋ฉด,
13:07
it's a true condemnation of our health care system,
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์ด๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋น„๋‚œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:09
because they had been seen in other places.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์—์„  ํ–‰ํ•ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ 
13:12
I then proceeded to tell the patient,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์ œ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์˜ท์„ ๋‹ค ๊ฐˆ์•„ ์ž…์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
13:14
once the patient was dressed,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋ฒ•ํ•œ
13:16
the standard things that the person must have heard in other institutions,
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:19
which is, "This is not in your head.
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"ํ™˜์ž๋ถ„์˜ ์ƒ์ƒ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:21
This is real.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์—์š”
13:23
The good news, it's not cancer, it's not tuberculosis,
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์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์€ ์ด๊ฒŒ ์•”, ๊ฒฐํ•ต๋„,
13:26
it's not coccidioidomycosis or some obscure fungal infection.
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์ฝ•์‹œ๋””์˜ค์ด๋“œ ์ง„๊ท ์ฆ๋„, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:29
The bad news is we don't know exactly what's causing this,
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๋‚˜์œ ์†Œ์‹์€ ์ €ํฌ๋„ ์ด ๋ณ‘์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:32
but here's what you should do, here's what we should do."
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”
13:35
And I would lay out all the standard treatment options
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณค ๊ทธ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ดค์„
13:38
that the patient had heard elsewhere.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์„ ๋‚˜์—ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:41
And I always felt
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋งŒ์•ฝ์—
13:43
that if my patient gave up the quest
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์ œ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๋‚˜
13:45
for the magic doctor, the magic treatment
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์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ 
13:48
and began with me on a course towards wellness,
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์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•œ ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
13:51
it was because I had earned the right
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์ด๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช… ๊ฒ€์ง„์˜ ํž˜์œผ๋กœ
13:53
to tell them these things
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
13:55
by virtue of the examination.
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์–ป์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:57
Something of importance had transpired in the exchange.
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์˜ค๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™” ์ค‘์— ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:01
I took this to my colleagues
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์ „ ์Šคํƒ ํฌ๋“œ์—์„œ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™์„
14:03
at Stanford in anthropology
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์ „๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์„œ
14:05
and told them the same story.
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:07
And they immediately said to me,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ
14:09
"Well you are describing a classic ritual."
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"ํ , ์ž๋„ค๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์˜์‹์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ตฐ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:11
And they helped me understand
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€
14:13
that rituals are all about transformation.
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์˜์‹๋“ค์€ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:16
We marry, for example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์‹์—์„œ
14:18
with great pomp and ceremony and expense
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๊ณ ๋…ํ•˜๊ณ , ํž˜๊ฒน๊ณ , ์™ธ๋กœ์› ๋˜ ์‚ถ์—์„œ
14:21
to signal our departure
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์˜์›ํ•œ ์ถ•๋ณต์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
14:23
from a life of solitude and misery and loneliness
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์•„์ฃผ ํ™”๋ คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
14:25
to one of eternal bliss.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:28
I'm not sure why you're laughing.
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์™œ ์›ƒ์œผ์‹œ๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š”๊ตฐ์š”
14:30
That was the original intent, was it not?
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์›๋ž˜ ์˜๋„์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
14:32
We signal transitions of power
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ด์–‘์„
14:34
with rituals.
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์˜์‹์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:36
We signal the passage of a life with rituals.
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์‚ถ์˜ ์—ฌ์ •๋„ ์˜์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ์š”
14:38
Rituals are terribly important.
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์˜์‹์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:40
They're all about transformation.
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์˜์‹์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ 
14:42
Well I would submit to you
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜
14:44
that the ritual
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ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์„œ
14:46
of one individual coming to another
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๋ชฉ์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๋ž๋น„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„
14:48
and telling them things
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ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„
14:50
that they would not tell their preacher or rabbi,
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์‹,
14:53
and then, incredibly on top of that,
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๋˜ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์ด ์™ธ์—๋„,
14:55
disrobing and allowing touch --
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์˜ท์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด์„œ ํƒ€์ธ์ด ๋งŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•˜๋Š”
14:58
I would submit to you that that is a ritual of exceeding importance.
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๊ทธ ์˜์‹์ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:02
And if you shortchange that ritual
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด
15:04
by not undressing the patient,
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ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ์˜ท์„ ๋ฒ—๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
15:06
by listening with your stethoscope on top of the nightgown,
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ํ™˜์ž๋ณต ์œ„๋กœ ์ฒญ์ง„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๊ณ  ๋“ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
15:09
by not doing a complete exam,
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ ์˜์‹์„ ์†์ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
15:11
you have bypassed on the opportunity
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์ด๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์˜์‚ฌ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ
15:13
to seal the patient-physician relationship.
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๋ˆ๋…ํžˆ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋‚ ๋ ค๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:17
I am a writer,
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์ €๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:19
and I want to close by reading you a short passage that I wrote
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๋˜ ์ด ์žฅ๋ฉด๊ณผ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ๋งŽ์€
15:23
that has to do very much with this scene.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์“ด ์งง์€ ๊ธ€์„ ์ฝ์–ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:25
I'm an infectious disease physician,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ์—ผ์ฆ ์ „๋ฌธ์˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:27
and in the early days of HIV, before we had our medications,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  HIV์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
15:30
I presided over so many scenes like this.
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์ „ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์žฅ๋ฉด์„ ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:34
I remember, every time I went to a patient's deathbed,
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๋ณ‘์›์ด๊ฑด ๊ฐ€์ •์ง‘์ด๊ฑด ๊ฐ„์—
15:37
whether in the hospital or at home,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ž„์ข…์„ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณผ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
15:39
I remember my sense of failure --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋–จ์น  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:43
the feeling of I don't know what I have to say;
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์ „ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ž์—ˆ๊ณ ,
15:45
I don't know what I can say;
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๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ž์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
15:47
I don't know what I'm supposed to do.
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๋ญ˜ ํ•ด์•ผํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ž์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:49
And out of that sense of failure,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์‹คํŒจ๊ฐ ์™ธ์—๋Š”
15:51
I remember, I would always examine the patient.
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์ „ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์ง„์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:54
I would pull down the eyelids.
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๋ˆˆ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ดค์—ˆ๊ณ ,
15:56
I would look at the tongue.
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ํ˜€๋„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ ,
15:58
I would percuss the chest. I would listen to the heart.
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ํ‰๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํƒ€์ง„ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ฌ์žฅ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ 
16:01
I would feel the abdomen.
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๋ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:03
I remember so many patients,
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์ „ ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:06
their names still vivid on my tongue,
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ์ œ ์ž…์—์„œ ๋งด๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
16:08
their faces still so clear.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด ๋˜ํ•œ ์•„์ฃผ ์„ ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:10
I remember so many huge, hollowed out, haunted eyes
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๋˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์˜์‹์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ ˆ ์ณ๋‹ค๋ณด๋˜
16:14
staring up at me as I performed this ritual.
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์•„์ฃผ ํฌ๊ณ , ๋ฉํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ํ™€๋ฆฐ ๋“ฏํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆˆ๋“ค๋„ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:17
And then the next day,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ๋‚ ,
16:19
I would come, and I would do it again.
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์ „ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณ‘์›์œผ๋กœ ์™€์„œ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณค ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:21
And I wanted to read you this one closing passage
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜
16:24
about one patient.
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ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ธ€์„ ์ฝ์–ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:26
"I recall one patient
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์ „ ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:28
who was at that point
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์—
16:30
no more than a skeleton
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ํ•ด๊ณจ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„์—†์—ˆ๊ณ ,
16:32
encased in shrinking skin,
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ํ”ผ๋ถ€์—” ์ฃผ๋ฆ„์ด ๋งŽ์•˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
16:34
unable to speak,
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๋ง๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:36
his mouth crusted with candida
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์ž…์€ ์นธ๋””๋‹ค๊ท ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง๊ฐ€์ ธ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
16:38
that was resistant to the usual medications.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์•ฝ์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋‚ด์„ฑ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:41
When he saw me
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ˆจ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘๊ธฐ ๋ถˆ๊ณผ ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „,
16:43
on what turned out to be his last hours on this earth,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ €๋ฅผ ์ณ๋‹ค๋ณด์•˜๊ณ 
16:45
his hands moved as if in slow motion.
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๊ทธ์˜ ์†์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์Šฌ๋กœ๋ชจ์…˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์›€์ง์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:48
And as I wondered what he was up to,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
16:50
his stick fingers made their way
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๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Š๋‹ค๋ž€ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์€
16:52
up to his pajama shirt,
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ํŒŒ์ž๋งˆ ์…”์ธ ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€์„œ
16:54
fumbling with his buttons.
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๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋”๋“ฌ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ๋งŒ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:57
I realized that he was wanting
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์•™์ƒํ•œ ๊ฐ€์Šด์„
16:59
to expose his wicker-basket chest to me.
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•„์ฑ˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:02
It was an offering, an invitation.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ œ์•ˆ์ด์ž ์ดˆ๋Œ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:05
I did not decline.
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์ „ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ 
17:07
I percussed. I palpated. I listened to the chest.
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์ „ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์Šด์„ ๋‘๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋งŒ์ง€๊ณ , ๊ท€ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:10
I think he surely must have known by then
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์˜์‹์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋งŒํผ
17:12
that it was vital for me
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์ œ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„
17:14
just as it was necessary for him.
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:16
Neither of us could skip this ritual,
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๋น„๋ก ํ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํฌ์Œ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ๋ถ€์ „์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๋•Œ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š”
17:19
which had nothing to do with detecting rales in the lung,
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๊ฐ€์œ ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•๋™์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์—†์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
17:22
or finding the gallop rhythm of heart failure.
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๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ์ด ์˜์‹์„ ์ƒ๋žตํ•  ์ˆœ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:25
No, this ritual was about the one message
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์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค, ์ด ์˜์‹์€ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ๋˜
17:28
that physicians have needed to convey to their patients.
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ํ•œ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:31
Although, God knows, of late, in our hubris,
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๋‹น์—ฐํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ์ž๋งŒ์‹ฌ์— ์ฐจ
17:33
we seem to have drifted away.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ ธ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:35
We seem to have forgotten --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€์‹์˜ ํญํŒ”์ ์ธ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜
17:37
as though, with the explosion of knowledge,
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ์ด ๋ณด๊ธฐ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์น˜์— ํŽผ์ณ์ง๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์—
17:39
the whole human genome mapped out at our feet,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ ,
17:42
we are lulled into inattention,
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์˜์‹์ด ์˜์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ •์‹ ์ ์ธ ์•ˆ์ •์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ 
17:44
forgetting that the ritual is cathartic to the physician,
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ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ
17:47
necessary for the patient --
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๋˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
17:49
forgetting that the ritual has meaning
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง๊ฐํ•œ์ฑ„
17:51
and a singular message to convey to the patient.
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ํƒœ๋งŒํ•ด ์ง€๋ฏ€๋กœ์จ ์•ˆ์ •์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:55
And the message, which I didn't fully understand then,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
17:58
even as I delivered it,
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋‹ฌ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„
18:00
and which I understand better now is this:
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:03
I will always, always, always be there.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ, ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜, ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊ณ์— ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:06
I will see you through this.
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:08
I will never abandon you.
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๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์‹ค๋ง์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:10
I will be with you through the end."
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"
18:12
Thank you very much.
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์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:14
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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