What the discovery of gravitational waves means | Allan Adams

756,080 views ใƒป 2016-03-10

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Yoonjae Yoo ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
1.3 billion years ago,
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13์–ต๋…„ ์ „์—
00:16
in a distant, distant galaxy,
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์•„์ฃผ ๋จผ ์€ํ•˜์—์„œ
00:19
two black holes locked into a spiral,
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด ๋‚˜์„ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์–ฝํ˜€์„œ
00:22
falling inexorably towards each other
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๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๋“  ํ›„
00:25
and collided,
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์ถฉ๋Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
converting three Suns' worth of stuff
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ํƒœ์–‘์˜ ์„ธ ๋ฐฐ๋งŒํผ์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ด
00:29
into pure energy in a tenth of a second.
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1/10์ดˆ ๋งŒ์— ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋์ฃ .
00:33
For that brief moment in time,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์˜ ์„ฌ๊ด‘์€
00:36
the glow was brighter than all the stars
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์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„์˜
00:39
in all the galaxies
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณ„๋“ค์„ ํ•ฉ์นœ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋น›๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
in all of the known Universe.
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00:44
It was a very
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ •๋ง์ด์ง€
00:46
big
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋น…๋ฑ…์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
bang.
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00:50
But they didn't release their energy in light.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋น›์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
I mean, you know, they're black holes.
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์•„์‹œ๋“ฏ์ด, ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
00:57
All that energy was pumped into the fabric of space and time itself,
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๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋“ค์€ ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ
01:02
making the Universe explode in gravitational waves.
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์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๋ ฅํŒŒ๋ฅผ ํญํŒŒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
Let me give you a sense of the timescale at work here.
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์šฐ์ฃผ์  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฒ™๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ์„ ์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
01:09
1.3 billion years ago,
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13์–ต๋…„ ์ „์—,
01:11
Earth had just managed to evolve multicellular life.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์—๋Š” ๋ง‰ ๋‹ค์„ธํฌ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ํƒœ๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
Since then, Earth has made and evolved
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๊ทธ ์ดํ›„์— ์‚ฐํ˜ธ,
01:19
corals, fish, plants, dinosaurs, people and even -- God save us -- the Internet.
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๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ, ์‹๋ฌผ, ๊ณต๋ฃก, ์ธ๋ฅ˜์™€ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์ฃ .
01:26
And about 25 years ago,
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์•ฝ 25๋…„ ์ „์—,
01:28
a particularly audacious set of people --
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๋Œ€๋‹ดํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
01:30
Rai Weiss at MIT, Kip Thorne and Ronald Drever at Caltech --
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MIT์˜ ๋ผ์ด ์™€์ด์ฆˆ, ์นผํ…์˜ ํ‚ต์œ๊ณผ ๋กœ๋‚ ๋“œ ๋“œ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด๋“ค์ด
01:36
decided that it would be really neat
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ ˆ์ด์ € ๊ฒ€์ถœ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด
01:37
to build a giant laser detector
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์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
with which to search for the gravitational waves
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๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š”
01:43
from things like colliding black holes.
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์ค‘๋ ฅํŒŒ๋ฅผ ํƒ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:46
Now, most people thought they were nuts.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
But enough people realized that they were brilliant nuts
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ์ณค์ง€๋งŒ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ์—
01:53
that the US National Science Foundation decided to fund their crazy idea.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ณผํ•™์žฌ๋‹จ์ด ์ด ๋ฏธ์นœ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
So after decades of development,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญ๋œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ,
02:01
construction and imagination
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๊ฑด์„ค, ์ƒ์ƒ,
02:04
and a breathtaking amount of hard work,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ธ ๋์—
02:08
they built their detector, called LIGO:
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory.
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LIGO(๋ ˆ์ด์ € ๊ฐ„์„ญ๊ณ„ ์ค‘๋ ฅํŒŒ๊ด€์ธก์†Œ) ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
For the last several years,
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์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„,
02:17
LIGO's been undergoing a huge expansion in its accuracy,
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LIGO๋Š” ์ •๋ฐ€๋„์˜ ๋น„์•ฝ์ ์ธ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ
02:21
a tremendous improvement in its detection ability.
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๊ฒ€์ถœ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ๊ฒช์–ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
It's now called Advanced LIGO as a result.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ง„๋ณด๋œ LIGO๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
In early September of 2015,
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2015๋…„ 9์›” ์ดˆ์—,
02:31
LIGO turned on for a final test run
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LIGO๋Š” ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋ฉฐ
02:33
while they sorted out a few lingering details.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
And on September 14 of 2015,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒ€์ถœ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฉฐ์น  ํ›„์ธ
02:42
just days after the detector had gone live,
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2015๋…„ 9์›” 14์ผ์—,
02:46
the gravitational waves from those colliding black holes
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๊ทธ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜์˜จ ์ค‘๋ ฅํŒŒ๊ฐ€
02:50
passed through the Earth.
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์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•ด ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
And they passed through you and me.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์ € ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•ด ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ”์ฃ .
02:55
And they passed through the detector.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒ€์ถœ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•ด ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
(Audio) Scott Hughes: There's two moments in my life
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(์Œ์„ฑ) ์Šค์บ‡ ํœด์ฆˆ: ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋Š๊ผˆ๋˜ ์ ์€
๋‚ด ์ผ์ƒ์— ๋”ฑ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
more emotionally intense than that.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ œ ๋”ธ์ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ์ด๊ณ ,
03:03
One is the birth of my daughter.
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03:04
The other is when I had to say goodbye to my father when he was terminally ill.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ณ‘๋“  ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์—๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋ณ„ ์ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
You know, it was the payoff of my career, basically.
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์•„์‹ค์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ €์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด๋‹ต์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:14
Everything I'd been working on -- it's no longer science fiction! (Laughs)
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•ด์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ณต์ƒ ๊ณผํ•™ ์†Œ์„ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ! (์›ƒ์Œ)
03:21
Allan Adams: So that's my very good friend and collaborator, Scott Hughes,
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์•จ๋Ÿฐ ์•„๋‹ด์Šค: ์ € ์Œ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์ด์ž ์ €์˜ ์นœํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฉฐ ๋™๋ฃŒ์ด๊ณ 
03:25
a theoretical physicist at MIT,
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MIT์˜ ์ด๋ก  ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž์ธ ์Šค์บ‡ ํœด์ฆˆ๋Š”
03:27
who has been studying gravitational waves from black holes
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๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์—์„œ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋œ ์ค‘๋ ฅํŒŒ ๋ฐ
03:30
and the signals that they could impart on observatories like LIGO,
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LIGO์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ด€์ธก์†Œ์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ
03:34
for the past 23 years.
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23๋…„๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
So let me take a moment to tell you what I mean by a gravitational wave.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•œ ์ค‘๋ ฅํŒŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ž ๊น ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
03:41
A gravitational wave is a ripple
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์ค‘๋ ฅํŒŒ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ํŒŒ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
in the shape of space and time.
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03:47
As the wave passes by,
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ํŒŒ๋™์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ
03:49
it stretches space and everything in it
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๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ํ•œ์ชฝ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ 
03:51
in one direction,
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03:53
and compresses it in the other.
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ถ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
This has led to countless instructors of general relativity
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ ์ด๋ก  ๊ต์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด
03:58
doing a really silly dance to demonstrate in their classes on general relativity.
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์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ ์ด๋ก  ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ๊ดด์ƒํ•œ ์ถค์„ ์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:02
"It stretches and expands, it stretches and expands."
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"๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ณ , ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ณ ."
04:08
So the trouble with gravitational waves
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ค‘๋ ฅํŒŒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์€
04:10
is that they're very weak; they're preposterously weak.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ์—†์ด ๋ฏธ์•ฝํ•ด์š”.
04:13
For example, the waves that hit us on September 14 --
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, 9์›” 14์ผ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฎ์นœ ์ค‘๋ ฅํŒŒ๋Š”
04:16
and yes, every single one of you stretched and compressed
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๋„ค ๋งž์•„์š”, ์ค‘๋ ฅํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ถ•๋์ฃ .
04:21
under the action of that wave --
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04:23
when the waves hit, they stretched the average person
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๊ทธ ์ค‘๋ ฅํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ฎ์ณค์„ ๋•Œ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์ธ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„
04:26
by one part in 10 to the 21.
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10์˜ 21์Šน ๋ถ„์˜ 1 ๋งŒํผ ๋Š˜์–ด๋œจ๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
04:29
That's a decimal place, 20 zeroes,
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์†Œ์ˆ˜์  ๋ฐ‘์œผ๋กœ 0์ด 20๊ฐœ ์žˆ๊ณ 
04:32
and a one.
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1์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆซ์ž์ฃ .
04:35
That's why everyone thought the LIGO people were nuts.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ LIGO๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
Even with a laser detector five kilometers long -- and that's already crazy --
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฏธ์นœ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ™๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ 5km ๊ธธ์ด์˜ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋”๋ผ๋„
04:45
they would have to measure the length of those detectors
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๊ทธ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ
04:49
to less than one thousandth of the radius of the nucleus
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ํ•œ ์›์ž ์†์˜ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ž ๋ฐ˜์ง€๋ฆ„์˜ 1/1000 ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋กœ
04:53
of an atom.
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์ธก์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
And that's preposterous.
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์ •๋ง ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ์—†์ฃ .
04:56
So towards the end of his classic text on gravity,
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์ค‘๋ ฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ „ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ๋ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ
05:00
LIGO co-founder Kip Thorne
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LIGO์˜ ๊ณต๋™ ์„ค๋ฆฝ์ž์ธ ํ‚ต ์œ์ด
05:04
described the hunt for gravitational waves as follows:
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์ค‘๋ ฅํŒŒ ํƒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์Œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ–ˆ์ฃ :
05:07
He said, "The technical difficulties to be surmounted
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"๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
05:10
in constructing such detectors
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๊ทน๋ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์€ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ค.
05:13
are enormous.
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05:15
But physicists are ingenious,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
05:18
and with the support of a broad lay public,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋Œ€์ค‘๋“ค์ด ์ง€์ง€ํ•ด ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
05:21
all obstacles will surely be overcome."
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๋ชจ๋“  ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค."
05:26
Thorne published that in 1973,
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ํ‚ต ์œ์€ ์ค‘๋ ฅํŒŒ ๊ฒ€์ถœ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต๋ณด๋‹ค 42๋…„ ์•ž์„ 
05:29
42 years before he succeeded.
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1973๋…„์— ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ ์ถœํŒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
Now, coming back to LIGO,
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๋‹ค์‹œ LIGO๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™€์„œ
05:36
Scott likes to say that LIGO acts like an ear
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์Šค์บ‡์€ LIGO๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:39
more than it does like an eye.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ๊ท€์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
I want to explain what that means.
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์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์ธ์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
05:43
Visible light has a wavelength, a size,
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๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ด‘์„ ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์žˆ๋Š”
05:46
that's much smaller than the things around you,
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๋ฌผ์ฒด๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ํŒŒ์žฅ๊ณผ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ž‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
the features on people's faces,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ˆˆ,์ฝ”,์ž…์ด๋‚˜
05:50
the size of your cell phone.
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ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:53
And that's really useful,
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด์„œ
05:54
because it lets you make an image or a map of the things around you,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ํ’๊ฒฝ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ๋น›์„ ๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ
05:58
by looking at the light coming from different spots
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
in the scene about you.
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06:01
Sound is different.
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
Audible sound has a wavelength that can be up to 50 feet long.
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๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํŒŒ์žฅ์€ 50ํ”ผํŠธ(์•ฝ 15m)๋‚˜ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
And that makes it really difficult --
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ
06:09
in fact, in practical purposes, impossible -- to make an image
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ •๋ง ์•„๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„
06:12
of something you really care about.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ํž˜๋“ค์ฃ .
06:14
Your child's face.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์•„์ด์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„์š”.
06:16
Instead, we use sound to listen for features like pitch
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๋Œ€์‹  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Œ์ƒ‰์ด๋‚˜ ์Œ์กฐ, ๋ฐ•์ž ๋ฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ™์€
06:20
and tone and rhythm and volume
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํŠน์ง•๋“ค์„ ๋“ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ์จ
06:24
to infer a story behind the sounds.
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ ๋’ค์— ๊ฐ์ถฐ์ง„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ถ”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
That's Alice talking.
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์ €๊ธฐ ์•จ๋ฆฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋„ค.
06:29
That's Bob interrupting.
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์ €๊ธฐ ๋ฐฅ์ด ๋Œ€ํ™”์— ๋ผ์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ๋„ค.
06:31
Silly Bob.
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์–ด๋ฆฌ์„์€ ๋ฐฅ๊ฐ™์œผ๋‹ˆ.
06:33
So, the same is true of gravitational waves.
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์ค‘๋ ฅํŒŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
We can't use them to make simple images of things out in the Universe.
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์ค‘๋ ฅํŒŒ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋„ˆ๋จธ ๋ฌผ์ฒด์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
But by listening to changes
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘๋ ฅํŒŒ์˜ ์ง„ํญ๊ณผ ์ง„๋™์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋“ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ์จ
06:44
in the amplitude and frequency of those waves,
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06:47
we can hear the story that those waves are telling.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘๋ ฅํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
And at least for LIGO,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ LIGO์—์„œ๋Š”
06:53
the frequencies that it can hear are in the audio band.
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๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง„๋™์ˆ˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋””์˜ค ์ฑ„๋„์— ๋‹ด๊ฒจ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
So if we convert the wave patterns into pressure waves and air, into sound,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๋ ฅํŒŒ์˜ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๊ธฐ์••ํŒŒ์™€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ, ์ฆ‰ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด
07:03
we can literally hear the Universe speaking to us.
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๋ง๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
For example, listening to gravity, just in this way,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
07:11
can tell us a lot about the collision of two black holes,
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์ €์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ์ธ ์Šค์บ‡์ด ํ•œ์ฐธ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์„ ํ–ˆ๋˜
07:13
something my colleague Scott has spent an awful lot of time thinking about.
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€ ์ถฉ๋Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
07:17
(Audio) SH: If the two black holes are non-spinning,
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(์Œ์„ฑ) ์Šค์บ‡ ํœด์ฆˆ: ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด ํšŒ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:20
you get a very simple chirp: whoop!
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ! ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:22
If the two bodies are spinning very rapidly, I have that same chirp,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋งค์šฐ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํšŒ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ™์€ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ
07:26
but with a modulation on top of it,
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ํ†ค์ด ๋” ๋†’์•„์„œ
07:27
so it kind of goes: whir, whir, whir!
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ์œ™ ์œ™ ์œ™!
07:30
It's sort of the vocabulary of spin imprinted on this waveform.
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๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์˜ ํšŒ์ „์ด ์ŒํŒŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:35
AA: So on September 14, 2015,
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์•จ๋Ÿฐ ์• ๋ค์Šค: 2015๋…„ 9์›” 14์ผ์—
07:38
a date that's definitely going to live in my memory,
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์ œ ๊ธฐ์–ต์— ํ‰์ƒ ๋‚จ์„ ๋‚ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
LIGO heard this:
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LIGO๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
07:43
[Whirring sound]
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[์œ™์œ™๋Œ€๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ]
07:46
So if you know how to listen, that is the sound of --
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋งŒ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ
07:51
(Audio) SH: ... two black holes, each of about 30 solar masses,
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(์Œ์„ฑ) ์Šค์บ‡ ํœด์ฆˆ: ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํƒœ์–‘์˜ 30๋ฐฐ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ธ ๋‘ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด
07:54
that were whirling around at a rate
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๋ฏน์„œ๊ธฐ์˜ ์†๋„๋งŒํผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํšŒ์ „ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋‚ด๋˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:56
comparable to what goes on in your blender.
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07:59
AA: It's worth pausing here to think about what that means.
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์•จ๋Ÿฐ ์• ๋ค์Šค: ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณผ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
Two black holes, the densest thing in the Universe,
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์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ธ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด
08:05
one with a mass of 29 Suns
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘์˜ 29๋ฐฐ์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ด๊ณ 
08:07
and one with a mass of 36 Suns,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘์˜ 36๋ฐฐ์ธ๋ฐ๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
08:10
whirling around each other 100 times per second
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์ถฉ๋Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ง์ „์— 1์ดˆ์— 100๋ฒˆ์˜ ์†๋„๋กœ
08:13
before they collide.
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์„œ๋กœ ํšŒ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
Just imagine the power of that.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ์ง€ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
08:16
It's fantastic.
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๋๋‚ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
And we know it because we heard it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
That's the lasting importance of LIGO.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— LIGO๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ•จ์—†์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:27
It's an entirely new way to observe the Universe
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
08:30
that we've never had before.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
It's a way that lets us hear the Universe
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์ด์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
08:35
and hear the invisible.
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๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:39
And there's a lot out there that we can't see --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ์ฃผ ์ € ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์—๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์  ํ˜น์€ ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ
08:42
in practice or even in principle.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
So supernova, for example:
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์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ์„ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด
08:46
I would love to know why very massive stars explode in supernovae.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์šด ๋ณ„๋“ค์ด ์™œ ํญ๋ฐœํ•ด์„œ ์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ์ด ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
08:50
They're very useful;
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๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
08:51
we've learned a lot about the Universe from them.
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์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ๋“ค๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
The problem is, all the interesting physics happens in the core,
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ํ˜„์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
08:57
and the core is hidden behind thousands of kilometers
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์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์˜ ์ฒ ๊ณผ ํƒ„์†Œ, ๊ทœ์†Œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
08:59
of iron and carbon and silicon.
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์ˆ˜ ์ฒœkm ์•ˆ์ชฝ์— ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
We'll never see through it, it's opaque to light.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•ˆ์ชฝ์„ ๊ฟฐ๋šซ์–ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถˆํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
09:04
Gravitational waves go through iron as if it were glass --
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์ค‘๋ ฅํŒŒ๋Š” ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ฒ ์ด ์œ ๋ฆฌ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์ฆ‰ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋šซ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
totally transparent.
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09:10
The Big Bang: I would love to be able to explore
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š”
09:12
the first few moments of the Universe,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์งง์€ ์ฒซ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ธ ๋น…๋ฑ…์€
09:15
but we'll never see them,
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๊ทธ ์งํ›„์˜ ์ž”๊ด‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
09:17
because the Big Bang itself is obscured by its own afterglow.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
With gravitational waves,
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์ค‘๋ ฅํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด
09:24
we should be able to see all the way back to the beginning.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฒซ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
Perhaps most importantly,
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์•„๋งˆ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ํ…๋ฐ
09:30
I'm positive that there are things out there
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ์ ๋„ ์—†๊ณ 
09:33
that we've never seen
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์•„๋งˆ ์˜์˜ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ
09:34
that we may never be able to see
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
09:36
and that we haven't even imagined --
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์˜ค์ง ๊ท€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ž„์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
09:39
things that we'll only discover by listening.
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์ € ๋„ˆ๋จธ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
And in fact, even in that very first event,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๋น…๋ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„
09:45
LIGO found things that we didn't expect.
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LIGO๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜๋„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
Here's my colleague and one of the key members of the LIGO collaboration,
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์ €์˜ MIT ๋™๋ฃŒ์ด๊ณ  ํ•ต์‹ฌ LIGO ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋ฉค๋ฒ„ ์ค‘ ํ•œ๋ช…์ธ
09:53
Matt Evans, my colleague at MIT, addressing exactly that:
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๋งท ์—๋ฐ˜์Šค๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
(Audio) Matt Evans: The kinds of stars which produce the black holes
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(์Œ์„ฑ) ๋งท ์—๋ฐ˜์Šค: ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ธกํ•œ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ณ„๋“ค์€
09:59
that we observed here
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ณต๋ฃก๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
are the dinosaurs of the Universe.
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๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์œ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
10:03
They're these massive things that are old, from prehistoric times,
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๊ทธ ๋ณ„๋“ค์€ ์„ ์‚ฌ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์‚ด์•˜๋˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด๋ฉฐ
10:06
and the black holes are kind of like the dinosaur bones
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๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์€ ๊ณต๋ฃก์˜ ๋ผˆ์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
with which we do this archeology.
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10:11
So it lets us really get a whole nother angle
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ์ฃผ ์ € ๋„ˆ๋จธ์— ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์™€
10:13
on what's out there in the Universe
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๋ณ„๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋์„ ๋งž์ดํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
10:15
and how the stars came to be, and in the end, of course,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜ผ๋ˆ ์†์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ถœํ˜„ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
10:18
how we came to be out of this whole mess.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€์ ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
AA: Our challenge now
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์•จ๋Ÿฐ ์• ๋ค์Šค: ์ด์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ๋„์ „์€
10:23
is to be as audacious as possible.
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์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹ดํ•ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
Thanks to LIGO, we know how to build exquisite detectors
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LIGO์˜ ๋„์›€์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฐ”์Šค๋ฝ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜
10:30
that can listen to the Universe,
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์ง€์ €๊ท€๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ€์ถœ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
10:32
to the rustle and the chirp of the cosmos.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
Our job is to dream up and build new observatories --
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฟˆ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€์ธก์†Œ
10:39
a whole new generation of observatories --
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์ฆ‰, ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ด€์ธก์†Œ๋ฅผ
10:41
on the ground, in space.
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์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:43
I mean, what could be more glorious than listening to the Big Bang itself?
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์ œ ๋ง์€, ๋น…๋ฑ… ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์˜๊ด‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
10:48
Our job now is to dream big.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๊ฟˆ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
Dream with us.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฟˆ์„ ๊ฟ‰์‹œ๋‹ค.
10:52
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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