Michael Sandel: The lost art of democratic debate

551,771 views ใƒป 2010-06-08

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Seungwon Hong ๊ฒ€ํ† : Ji hyun Lee
00:17
One thing the world needs,
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์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ 
00:19
one thing this country desperately needs
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ์ง„์ • ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
00:21
is a better way
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์ •์น˜์  ํ† ๋ก ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”
00:23
of conducting our political debates.
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
We need to rediscover
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
00:27
the lost art of democratic argument.
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ ์ธ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋˜์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
00:36
If you think about the arguments we have,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋…ผ์Ÿ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด
00:39
most of the time it's shouting matches
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด
00:41
on cable television,
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์œ ์„ ๋ฐฉ์†ก์˜ ์„ฑ๋‚œ ๋ง์‹ธ์›€์ด๋‚˜
00:43
ideological food fights on the floor of Congress.
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์˜์‚ฌ๋‹น์—์„œ์˜ ์ด๋… ๋‹คํˆผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
I have a suggestion.
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์ œ์•ˆ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
00:50
Look at all the arguments we have these days
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์ž‘๊ธˆ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ผ์Ÿ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”
00:53
over health care,
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ณดํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์Ÿ
00:55
over bonuses and bailouts on Wall Street,
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์›”๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค์™€ ๊ตฌ์ œ๊ธˆ์œต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์Ÿ
00:58
over the gap between rich and poor,
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๋นˆ๋ถ€๊ฒฉ์ฐจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์Ÿ
01:01
over affirmative action and same-sex marriage.
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์†Œ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋‹จ์šฐ๋Œ€์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๋™์„ฑ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์Ÿ
01:04
Lying just beneath the surface
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์œ„ ๋…ผ์Ÿ๋“ค์˜
01:06
of those arguments,
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์ด๋ฉด์—๋Š”
01:09
with passions raging on all sides,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ด์˜ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š”
01:12
are big questions
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๋„๋• ์ฒ ํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
01:15
of moral philosophy,
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ
01:17
big questions of justice.
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์ •์˜(justice)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
But we too rarely
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜
01:21
articulate and defend
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๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฐ๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
01:24
and argue about
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๋…ผ์Ÿํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
those big moral questions in our politics.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ •์น˜์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋„๋•์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
01:29
So what I would like to do today
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:32
is have something of a discussion.
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ํ† ๋ก ์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
First, let me take
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์šฐ์„ ,
01:36
a famous philosopher
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๊ทธ ์ •์˜์™€ ๋„๋• ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ
01:38
who wrote about those questions
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๊ธ€์„ ์ผ๋˜
01:40
of justice and morality,
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์œ ๋ช… ์ฒ ํ•™์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
01:42
give you a very short lecture
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๋งค์šฐ ์งง์€ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
on Aristotle of ancient Athens,
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๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค์˜ ์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ…”๋ ˆ์Šค์™€
01:47
Aristotle's theory of justice,
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ •์˜๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์ด์—์š”.
01:49
and then have a discussion here
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ† ๋ก ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
to see whether Aristotle's ideas
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์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ…”๋ ˆ์Šค์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ด
01:54
actually inform
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์ •๋ง๋กœ
01:56
the way we think and argue
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋‚ ์˜ ์ด์Šˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ํ† ๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„
01:58
about questions today.
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์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
So, are you ready for the lecture?
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์ž, ์ค€๋น„ ๋˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:05
According to Aristotle,
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์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ…”๋ ˆ์Šค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
02:07
justice means giving people what they deserve.
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์ •์˜๋ž€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ๋•…ํžˆ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
That's it; that's the lecture.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์˜ ์ „๋ถ€์—์š”.
02:15
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:18
Now, you may say, well, that's obvious enough.
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์‹ค์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
The real questions begin
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์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
02:22
when it comes to arguing about
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ž๊ฒฉ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
02:24
who deserves what and why.
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋…ผํ•  ๋•Œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
Take the example of flutes.
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ํ”Œ๋ฃป์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์ฃ .
02:30
Suppose we're distributing flutes.
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ํ”Œ๋ฃป์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
02:33
Who should get the best ones?
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ํ”Œ๋ฃป์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
02:35
Let's see what people --
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.--
02:37
What would you say?
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๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:39
Who should get the best flute?
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ํ”Œ๋ฃป์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ ?
02:41
You can just call it out.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
(Audience: Random.)
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(์ฒญ์ค‘ : ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ•์‹œ๋‹ค.)
02:45
Michael Sandel: At random. You would do it by lottery.
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๋งˆ์ดํด ์ƒŒ๋ธ : ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋ผ! ๋ณต๊ถŒ ์ถ”์ฒจ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ตฐ์š”.
02:47
Or by the first person to rush into the hall to get them.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํ”Œ๋ฃป์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Ÿฌ ์ œ์ผ ๋จผ์ € ๋›ฐ์–ด์˜จ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜์š”.
02:51
Who else?
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„?
02:53
(Audience: The best flute players.)
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(์ฒญ์ค‘ : ์ œ์ผ ์ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.)
02:55
MS: The best flute players. (Audience: The worst flute players.)
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์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ํ”Œ๋ฃป ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž! (์ฒญ์ค‘ : ์ œ์ผ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์ฃ .)
02:57
MS: The worst flute players.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ฃป ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž!
03:00
How many say the best flute players?
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์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ํ”Œ๋ฃป ์—ฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋˜์ฃ ?
03:04
Why?
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์–ด์งธ์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:07
Actually, that was Aristotle's answer too.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋„, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ…”๋ ˆ์Šค์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:12
But here's a harder question.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
03:14
Why do you think,
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:16
those of you who voted this way,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ํ”Œ๋ฃป์€
03:18
that the best flutes should go to the best flute players?
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์ œ์ผ ์ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์† ๋“œ์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
Peter: The greatest benefit to all.
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ํ”ผํ„ฐ : ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ด์ต์ด ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
MS: The greatest benefit to all.
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์ƒŒ๋ธ: ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์ตœ๋Œ€์˜ ์ด์ต์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด๊ตฐ์š”.
03:25
We'll hear better music
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ํ”Œ๋ฃป์„
03:27
if the best flutes should go to the best flute players.
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์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์Œ์•…์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
That's Peter? (Audience: Peter.)
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ํ”ผํ„ฐ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? (์ฒญ์ค‘ : ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.)
03:32
MS: All right.
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
Well, it's a good reason.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ด์œ ์—์š”
03:37
We'll all be better off if good music is played
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์Œ์•…์„ ๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ
03:39
rather than terrible music.
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์—‰ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์Œ์•…์„ ๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํšจ์šฉ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฆด ๊ฑฐ์—์š”
03:43
But Peter,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ”ผํ„ฐ,
03:45
Aristotle doesn't agree with you that that's the reason.
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์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ…”๋ ˆ์Šค๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
03:48
That's all right.
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”
03:50
Aristotle had a different reason
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์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ…”๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ํ”Œ๋ฃป์ด ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž์—๊ฒŒ
03:52
for saying the best flutes should go to the best flute players.
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์ „ํ•ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ์—์„œ ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
He said,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
03:57
that's what flutes are for --
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ”Œ๋ฃป์˜ ์กด์žฌ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
to be played well.
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์ž˜ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
He says that to reason about
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์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ…”๋ ˆ์Šค๋Š”
04:04
just distribution of a thing,
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
04:07
we have to reason about,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ๋˜๋Š”
04:10
and sometimes argue about,
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์—ญํ• ์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ 
04:12
the purpose of the thing,
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๋”ฐ์ ธ ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ 
04:14
or the social activity --
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๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
in this case, musical performance.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”, ์Œ์•… ์—ฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
04:18
And the point, the essential nature,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฐ์ฃผ ํ–‰์œ„์˜
04:20
of musical performance
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ํ•ต์‹ฌ๊ณผ ๋ณธ์งˆ์€
04:22
is to produce excellent music.
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ํƒ์›”ํ•œ ์Œ์•…์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
It'll be a happy byproduct
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์ข‹์€ ์Œ์•…์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€
04:26
that we'll all benefit.
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ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
But when we think about justice,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ
04:33
Aristotle says,
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-์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ…”๋ ˆ์Šค๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค-
04:35
what we really need to think about
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์ง„์ • ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€
04:37
is the essential nature of the activity in question
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ํ•ด๋‹น ํ™œ๋™์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ
04:41
and the qualities that are worth
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๊ฒฝ์˜์™€ ์ฐฌ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ ,
04:44
honoring and admiring and recognizing.
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์ธ์ •ํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ž์งˆ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
One of the reasons
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์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž๊ฐ€
04:49
that the best flute players should get the best flutes
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ํ”Œ๋ฃป์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”
04:51
is that musical performance
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์ด์œ  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์Œ์•… ์—ฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€
04:53
is not only to make the rest of us happy,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ์˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
04:55
but to honor
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์ด์— ๋”ํ•˜์—ฌ
04:57
and recognize
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€์˜ ํƒ์›”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Ÿ‰์—
04:59
the excellence
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์กด๊ฒฝ์„ ํ‘œํ•˜๊ณ 
05:01
of the best musicians.
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์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
Now, flutes may seem ... the distribution of flutes
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์ž, ํ”Œ๋ฃป์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์•„๋งˆ
05:06
may seem a trivial case.
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ํ•˜์ฐฎ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณด์ผ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
Let's take a contemporary example
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์ด ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์ •์˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์Ÿ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ
05:11
of the dispute about justice.
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๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์ฃ 
05:14
It had to do with golf.
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๊ณจํ”„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
Casey Martin -- a few years ago,
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์ผ€์ด์‹œ ๋งˆํ‹ด์€ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „์—
05:18
Casey Martin --
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์ผ€์ด์‹œ ๋งˆํ‹ด์ด๋ผ --
05:20
did any of you hear about him?
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๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:22
He was a very good golfer,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ค๋ ฅ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณจํ”„์„ ์ˆ˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ
05:24
but he had a disability.
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์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
He had a bad leg, a circulatory problem,
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์ˆœํ™˜๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ํ•œ์ชฝ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆํŽธํ–ˆ์–ด์š”
05:29
that made it very painful
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ณจํ”„ ์ฝ”์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฑท๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
05:31
for him to walk the course.
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๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
In fact, it carried risk of injury.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋‹ค์น  ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
05:38
He asked the PGA,
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๊ทธ๋Š” PGA์—
05:40
the Professional Golfers' Association,
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--ํ”„๋กœ ๊ณจํ”„์„ ์ˆ˜ ํ˜‘์˜ํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค--
05:42
for permission to use a golf cart
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๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ณจํ”„ ์นดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
05:45
in the PGA tournaments.
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ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
They said, "No.
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PGA์ธก์€ ๊ทธ ์š”์ฒญ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:49
Now that would give you an unfair advantage."
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์ผ€์ด์‹œ ๋งˆํ‹ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€๋‹นํ•œ ํ˜œํƒ์ด ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
He sued,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์†Œ์†ก์„ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ๊ณ 
05:53
and his case went all the way
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žฌํŒ์€ ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์„œ
05:55
to the Supreme Court, believe it or not,
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๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์›๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ”์–ด์š”
05:57
the case over the golf cart,
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๊ณจํ”„ ์นดํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์žฌํŒ์ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:00
because the law says
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๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•์€
06:02
that the disabled
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์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ
06:04
must be accommodated,
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ํŽธ์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
provided the accommodation does not
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๊ทธ ํŽธ์˜๊ฐ€
06:10
change the essential nature
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ํ•ด๋‹น ํ™œ๋™์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์„
06:13
of the activity.
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๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€๋งŒ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:15
He says, "I'm a great golfer.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ €๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ณจํ”„์„ ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
I want to compete.
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๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
But I need a golf cart
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ™€์„
06:21
to get from one hole to the next."
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์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ณจํ”„ ์นดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
06:23
Suppose you were
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
06:25
on the Supreme Court.
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์—ฐ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์› ํŒ์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
06:27
Suppose you were deciding
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
06:29
the justice of this case.
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์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ํŒ๊ฐ€๋ฆ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:32
How many here would say
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ณ„์‹ ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
06:34
that Casey Martin does have a right to use a golf cart?
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ณจํ”„ ์นดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์“ธ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:37
And how many say, no, he doesn't?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ถ„์€ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„์ด๋‚˜ ๋˜์ฃ ?
06:41
All right, let's take a poll, show of hands.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€์š”, ์†์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:43
How many would rule in favor of Casey Martin?
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์ผ€์ด์‹œ ๋งˆํ‹ด์ด ์˜ณ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๊ฒฐํ•˜์‹ค ๋ถ„์€ ๋ช‡ ๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?
06:47
And how many would not? How many would say he doesn't?
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๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋ช…์ด์ฃ ? ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ ค๋‚˜์š”?
06:50
All right, we have a good division of opinion here.
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ์–‘๋ถ„๋˜๋„ค์š”.
06:54
Someone who would not
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์ผ€์ด์‹œ ๋งˆํ‹ด์—๊ฒŒ
06:56
grant Casey Martin the right to a golf cart,
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๊ณจํ”„ ์นดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์“ธ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•ด์„  ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์€
06:58
what would be your reason?
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
07:00
Raise your hand, and we'll try to get you a microphone.
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์†์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
What would be your reason?
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์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ์ฃ ?
07:05
(Audience: It'd be an unfair advantage.)
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(์ฒญ์ค‘ : ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ถ€๋‹นํ•œ ํ˜œํƒ์ด ๋ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.)
07:07
MS: It would be an unfair advantage
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์ƒŒ๋ธ : ๊ณตํ‰์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ํ˜œํƒ์ด ๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ž€ ๋ง์ด๊ตฐ์š”.
07:10
if he gets to ride in a golf cart.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ณจํ”„์นดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ฒŒ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:12
All right, those of you,
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
I imagine most of you who would not give him the golf cart
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๊ณจํ”„ ์นดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š”
07:17
worry about an unfair advantage.
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๋ถ€๋‹นํ•œ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ์—ผ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
What about those of you who say
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ณจํ”„ ์นดํŠธ๋ฅผ
07:21
he should be given a golf cart?
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๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
07:23
How would you answer the objection?
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์˜๊ฒฌ์— ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:25
Yes, all right.
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๋„ค, ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
Audience: The cart's not part of the game.
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์ฒญ์ค‘ : ์นดํŠธ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
MS: What's your name? (Audience: Charlie.)
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์ƒŒ๋ธ : ์„ฑํ•จ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์‹œ์ฃ ? (์ฒญ์ค‘ : ์ฐฐ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.)
07:33
MS: Charlie says --
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์ƒ๋ธ : ์ฐฐ๋ฆฌ์”จ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์‹œ๋„ค์š” --
07:36
We'll get Charlie a microphone in case someone wants to reply.
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๋ฐ˜๋ก ํ•  ๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋‹ˆ ์ฐฐ๋ฆฌ์”จ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ 
07:38
Tell us, Charlie,
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๋งํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š” ์ฐฐ๋ฆฌ
07:40
why would you say he should be able to use a golf cart?
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์™œ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ณจํ”„ ์นดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
07:43
Charlie: The cart's not part of the game.
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์ฐฐ๋ฆฌ : ์นดํŠธ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
MS: But what about walking from hole to hole?
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์ƒŒ๋ธ : ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•„๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฑท๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๋ญ์ฃ ?
07:50
Charlie: It doesn't matter; it's not part of the game.
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์ฐฐ๋ฆฌ : ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”. ๊ฑท๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณจํ”„์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”
07:53
MS: Walking the course is not part of the game of golf?
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์ƒŒ๋ธ : ์ฝ”์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฑท๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๊ณจํ”„ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ตฌ์š”?
07:57
Charlie: Not in my book, it isn't.
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์ฐฐ๋ฆฌ : ์ œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
MS: All right. Stay there, Charlie.
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์ƒŒ๋ธ : ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์–ด๋ด์š”. ์ฐฐ๋ฆฌ.
08:01
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:03
Who has an answer for Charlie?
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์ฐฐ๋ฆฌ์”จ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ตํ•  ๋ถ„ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
08:06
All right, who has an answer for Charlie?
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐฐ๋ฆฌ์”จ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜๋ก ํ•˜์‹ค ๋ถ„?
08:08
What would you say?
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๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์‹ค๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
08:10
Audience: The endurance element is a very important part of the game,
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์ฒญ์ค‘ : ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ ฅ์€ ๊ณจํ”„์˜ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
walking all those holes.
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์ฆ‰ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™€๋“ค์„ ๊ฑธ์–ด์„œ ๋„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
08:15
MS: Walking all those holes?
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์ƒŒ๋ธ : ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™€์„ ๊ฑธ์–ด๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์š”?
08:17
That's part of the game of golf? (Audience: Absolutely.)
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ณจํ”„์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? (์ฒญ์ค‘ : ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์š”.)
08:20
MS: What's your name? (Audience: Warren.)
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์ƒŒ๋ธ : ์„ฑํ•จ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์‹œ๋Š”์ง€์š”? (์ฒญ์ค‘ : ์›Œ๋ Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.)
08:22
MS: Warren.
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์ƒŒ๋ธ : ์›Œ๋ Œ์”จ
08:25
Charlie, what do you say to Warren?
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์ฐฐ๋ฆฌ์”จ, ์›Œ๋ Œ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
08:29
Charley: I'll stick to my original thesis.
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์ฐฐ๋ฆฌ :์ €๋Š” ์›๋ž˜์˜ ๋…ผ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:37
MS: Warren, are you a golfer?
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์ƒŒ๋ธ : ์›Œ๋ Œ์”จ, ๊ณจํ”„๋ฅผ ์น˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
08:39
Warren: I am not a golfer.
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์›Œ๋ Œ : ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
Charley: And I am. (MS: Okay.)
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์ฐฐ๋ฆฌ : ์ „ ๊ณจํ”„๋ฅผ ์ณ์š” (์ƒŒ๋ธ :์ข‹์•„์š”)
08:43
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:45
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
08:49
You know,
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์ž
08:51
it's interesting.
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์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ตฐ์š”.
08:55
In the case, in the lower court,
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์ด ์žฌํŒ์—์„œ ํ•˜๊ธ‰ ๋ฒ•์›์€
08:57
they brought in golfing greats
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์œ ๋ช… ๊ณจํ”„ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ ค์™€์„œ
09:00
to testify on this very issue.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
Is walking the course essential to the game?
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์ฝ”์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฑท๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๊ณจํ”„์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
09:07
And they brought in Jack Nicklaus and Arnold Palmer.
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๋ฒ•์›์€ ์žญ ๋‹ˆํด๋กœ์Šค์™€ ์•„๋†€๋“œ ํŒŒ๋จธ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
And what do you suppose they all said?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•œ๊ฒฐ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‚˜์š”?
09:12
Yes. They agreed with Warren.
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๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์›Œ๋ Œ์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์— ๋™์˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
09:15
They said, yes, walking the course
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฝ”์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฑท๋Š” ์ผ์€
09:17
is strenuous physical exercise.
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ํž˜์ด ๋“œ๋Š” ์œก์ฒด ์šด๋™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
09:19
The fatigue factor is an important part of golf.
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๊ทธ ํ”ผ๋กœ์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ๊ณจํ”„์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
And so it would change
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋งˆํ‹ด์—๊ฒŒ
09:24
the fundamental nature of the game
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๊ณจํ”„ ์นดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณจํ”„์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์„
09:27
to give him the golf cart.
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๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
Now, notice,
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์ž, ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”
09:31
something interesting --
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
Well, I should tell you about the Supreme Court first.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์šฐ์„  ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์›์˜ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ค์•ผ ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
09:35
The Supreme Court
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์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์›์€
09:37
decided.
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ํŒ๊ฒฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
What do you suppose they said?
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๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‚˜์š”?
09:42
They said yes,
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๋Œ€๋ฒ•์›์€ ๋งˆํ‹ด์ด ์˜ณ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
09:44
that Casey Martin must be provided a golf cart.
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์ฆ‰ ์ผ€์ด์‹œ ๋งˆํ‹ด์€ ๊ณจํ”„ ์นดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๊ฒฐํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
Seven to two, they ruled.
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7๋Œ€ 2๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์›์€ ํŒ๊ฒฐํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
09:50
What was interesting about their ruling
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๋Œ€๋ฒ•์›์˜ ํŒ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
09:54
and about the discussion we've just had
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ์ „์— ํ–ˆ๋˜ ํ† ๋ก ์—๋Š” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
is that the discussion about
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ์ •์˜์™€ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
10:00
the right, the justice, of the matter
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๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
10:02
depended on
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๊ณจํ”„์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ด
10:04
figuring out what is
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๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด
10:07
the essential nature of golf.
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์ค‘์š”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
And the Supreme Court justices
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์—ฐ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์›์˜ ํŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€
10:12
wrestled with that question.
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๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๊ณ ์‹ฌ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
And Justice Stevens, writing for the majority,
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๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋‚ธ ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ์Šค ํŒ์‚ฌ๋Š”
10:16
said he had read all about the history of golf,
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๊ณจํ”„ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์—ˆ๋…ธ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๋’ค
10:21
and the essential point of the game
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๊ณจํ”„์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€
10:24
is to get very small ball from one place
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ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ๊ณต์„ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์„œ
10:26
into a hole
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๊ตฌ๋ฉ์— ๋„ฃ๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
in as few strokes as possible,
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ํ•œ ์ ์€ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ณต์„ ์ณ์„œ์š”.
10:31
and that walking was not essential, but incidental.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฑท๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณจํ”„์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ถ€์ฐจ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
Now, there were two dissenters,
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์ด์ œ, ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋‘ ๋ช…์˜ ํŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
10:35
one of whom was Justice Scalia.
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๊ทธ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด ์Šค์บ˜๋ฆฌ์•„ ํŒ์‚ฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
He wouldn't have granted the cart,
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๊ทธ๋ผ๋ฉด ๋งˆํ‹ด์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณจํ”„ ์นดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”
10:43
and he had a very interesting dissent.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
It's interesting because
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์Šค์บ˜๋ฆฌ์•„ ํŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
10:47
he rejected the Aristotelian premise
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๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ ์†์˜ ์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ…”๋ ˆ์Šค์‹ ์ •์˜๋ก ์„
10:50
underlying the majority's opinion.
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๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
He said it's not possible
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
10:55
to determine the essential nature
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๊ณจํ”„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
10:58
of a game like golf.
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๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
Here's how he put it.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
"To say that something is essential
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"์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
11:04
is ordinarily to say that it is necessary
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํŠน์ • ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
11:06
to the achievement of a certain object.
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๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค.
11:09
But since it is the very nature of a game
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šด๋™ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์€
11:11
to have no object except amusement,
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์˜ค๋กœ์ง€ ์˜ค๋ฝ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
11:15
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:19
that is, what distinguishes games
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์ด ์ ์ด ์šด๋™ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์™€
11:21
from productive activity,
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์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ด๋‹ค.
11:23
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:26
it is quite impossible to say
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž„์˜๋กœ ์ •ํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์„
11:28
that any of a game's arbitrary rules
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๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
11:31
is essential."
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์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋‹ค."
11:33
So there you have Justice Scalia
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์Šค์บ˜๋ฆฌ์•„ ํŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
11:35
taking on the Aristotelian premise
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๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ ์†์˜ ์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ…”๋ ˆ์Šค์‹ ์ •์˜๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
11:38
of the majority's opinion.
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๋ฐ˜๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
Justice Scalia's opinion
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์Šค์บ˜๋ฆฌ์•„ ํŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์€
11:44
is questionable
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๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ์—์„œ
11:46
for two reasons.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
First, no real sports fan would talk that way.
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์šฐ์„ , ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ํŒฌ์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
11:51
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:53
If we had thought that the rules
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ ์“ฐ๋Š”
11:55
of the sports we care about
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์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๊ทœ์น™๋“ค์ด
11:57
are merely arbitrary,
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์ž„์˜๋กœ ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
11:59
rather than designed to call forth
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๊ฒฝํƒ„ํ•  ๋งŒํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๋Š”
12:02
the virtues and the excellences
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์žฅ์ ์ด๋‚˜ ํƒ์›”ํ•จ์„
12:05
that we think are worthy of admiring,
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๋‚ด๋ณด์ด๋„๋ก ๊ณ ์•ˆ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด
12:07
we wouldn't care about the outcome of the game.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์ƒ๊ด€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
It's also objectionable
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์Šค์บ˜๋ฆฌ์•„ ํŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์€ ๋˜
12:13
on a second ground.
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:15
On the face of it,
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ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
12:17
it seemed to be -- this debate about the golf cart --
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์ด ๊ณจํ”„ ์นดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๋…ผ๋ž€์€
12:20
an argument about fairness,
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๊ณต์ •ํ•จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ,
12:23
what's an unfair advantage.
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์ฆ‰ ๋ถ€๋‹นํ•œ ํ˜œํƒ์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:27
But if fairness were the only thing at stake,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณต์ •ํ•จ์ด ์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋ผ๋ฉด
12:30
there would have been an easy and obvious solution.
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์‰ฝ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
What would it be? (Audience: Let everyone use the cart.)
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? (์ฒญ์ค‘ : ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์นดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .)
12:35
Let everyone ride in a golf cart
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์›ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด๋“ค์ด
12:38
if they want to.
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์นดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:40
Then the fairness objection goes away.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์„ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋Š” ์—†์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
But letting everyone ride in a cart
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด๋“ค์ด ์นดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
12:46
would have been, I suspect,
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—”
12:48
more anathema
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์‹ค๋ ฅ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณจํ”„ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ค๊ณผ
12:50
to the golfing greats
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PGA๊ฐ€
12:52
and to the PGA,
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๊ทน๋ ฅ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
even than making an exception for Casey Martin.
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์ผ€์ด์‹œ ๋งˆํ‹ด์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์™ธ ๊ทœ์ •์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:56
Why?
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์™œ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
12:58
Because what was at stake
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ณจํ”„ ์นดํŠธ๋ฅผ
13:00
in the dispute over the golf cart
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๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์—์„œ๋Š”
13:03
was not only the essential nature of golf,
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๊ณจํ”„์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
13:06
but, relatedly, the question:
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด
13:09
What abilities
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์šด๋™ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ
13:12
are worthy
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์กด๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ธ์ •์„ ๋ฐ›์„
13:14
of honor and recognition
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๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ธ๊ฐ€๋ผ๋Š”
13:16
as athletic talents?
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์งˆ๋ฌธ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
Let me put the point
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์„
13:21
as delicately as possible:
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์ž˜ ์งš์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:24
Golfers are a little sensitive
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๊ณจํ”„์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ค์€
13:26
about the athletic status of their game.
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๊ณจํ”„๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ์ž„์˜ ์ง€์œ„์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์˜ˆ๋ฏผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
13:35
After all, there's no running or jumping,
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๊ณจํ”„ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋›ฐ๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ
13:38
and the ball stands still.
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๊ณต์€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ์ •์ง€ํ•ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
13:41
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
13:44
So if golfing is the kind of game
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ณจํ”„๊ฐ€ ๊ณจํ”„ ์นดํŠธ๋ฅผ
13:47
that can be played while riding around in a golf cart,
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ํƒ€๊ณ  ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉด์„œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ผ๋ฉด
13:50
it would be hard to confer
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
13:53
on the golfing greats
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๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ณจํ”„ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
13:55
the status that we confer,
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์ง„์ • ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šด๋™์„ ์ˆ˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ง€์œ„,
13:57
the honor and recognition
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๋ช…์˜ˆ์™€ ์ธ์ •์„
13:59
that goes to truly great athletes.
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๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ž€ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:03
That illustrates
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์ด๋Š”
14:06
that with golf,
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๊ณจํ”„ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋„
14:09
as with flutes,
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ํ”Œ๋ฃป์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
14:11
it's hard to decide the question
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ ์—†์ด๋Š”
14:14
of what justice requires,
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์ •์˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
14:17
without grappling with the question,
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๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:19
"What is the essential nature
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"์–ด๋–ค ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์€
14:21
of the activity in question,
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๊ณผ์—ฐ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
14:23
and what qualities,
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๋˜ ๊ทธ ํ–‰์œ„์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋–ค ์ž์งˆ๊ณผ
14:26
what excellences
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์žฅ์ ๋“ค์ด
14:28
connected with that activity,
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๋ช…์˜ˆ๋กญ๊ณ 
14:30
are worthy of honor and recognition?"
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์ธ์ •์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?"
14:34
Let's take a final example
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
14:36
that's prominent in contemporary political debate:
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์ด ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด์ฃ 
14:39
same-sex marriage.
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๋™์„ฑ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:43
There are those who favor state recognition
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ํ•œ ๋‚จ์ž์™€ ํ•œ ์—ฌ์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š”
14:46
only of traditional marriage
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์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ ๋งŒ์„
14:48
between one man and one woman,
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์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:51
and there are those who favor state recognition
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์„ฑ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ด
14:53
of same-sex marriage.
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์ธ์ •๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:55
How many here
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘
14:57
favor the first policy:
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ •์ฑ…, ์ฆ‰ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๋งŒ์„
14:59
the state should recognize traditional marriage only?
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์ธ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์€ ๋ช‡ ๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ๋˜์ฃ ?
15:04
And how many favor the second, same-sex marriage?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ, ๋™์„ฑ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์€์š”?
15:08
Now, put it this way:
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์ž, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
15:11
What ways of thinking
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
15:13
about justice and morality
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๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ด€์—๋Š”
15:15
underlie the arguments we have
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์ •์˜์™€ ๋„๋•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ด๋–ค
15:17
over marriage?
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์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋‚ด์žฌํ•ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
15:19
The opponents of same-sex marriage say
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๋™์„ฑ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
15:22
that the purpose of marriage,
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๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€
15:24
fundamentally, is procreation,
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‹์ด๋ฉฐ
15:26
and that's what's worthy of honoring
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฝ์˜๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ•  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
15:28
and recognizing and encouraging.
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์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฅ๋ คํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ํ–‰์œ„๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:31
And the defenders of same-sex marriage say no,
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๋™์„ฑ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์„ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ฃ .
15:34
procreation is not the only purpose of marriage;
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์ฆ‰ ์ƒ์‹์ด ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์˜ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:38
what about a lifelong, mutual, loving commitment?
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ํ‰์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ™์ดํ•˜๋Š”, ์„œ๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ, ์• ์ •์–ด๋ฆฐ ํ—Œ์‹ ์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:41
That's really what marriage is about.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์˜ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:45
So with flutes, with golf carts,
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ํ”Œ๋ฃป๊ณผ ๊ณจํ”„ ์นดํŠธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์„œ์™€
15:48
and even with a fiercely contested question
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๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•œ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
15:51
like same-sex marriage,
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๋™์„ฑ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์—์„œ ์กฐ์ฐจ
15:54
Aristotle has a point.
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์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ…”๋ ˆ์Šค๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ์„ ์งš๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:57
Very hard to argue about justice
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์ •์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
15:59
without first arguing
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๋จผ์ €
16:02
about the purpose of social institutions
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์‚ฌํšŒ ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด์„œ
16:05
and about what qualities are worthy
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์–ด๋–ค ์ž์งˆ์ด ์˜์˜ˆ๋กญ๊ณ  ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›์„ ๋งŒ ํ•œ ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ
16:07
of honor and recognition.
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๋จผ์ € ํ† ๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:10
So let's step back from these cases
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด, ์œ„ ์˜ˆ๋“ค์—์„œ ํ•œ๋ฐœ์ง ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์„œ
16:13
and see how they shed light
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ์˜ˆ๋“ค์ด
16:16
on the way we might improve, elevate,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š”
16:19
the terms of political discourse
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์ •์น˜์  ๋…ผ์Ÿ์˜ ํ‹€์„
16:22
in the United States,
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๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
16:24
and for that matter, around the world.
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์‹ค๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
16:27
There is a tendency to think
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๋ณดํ†ต
16:29
that if we engage too directly
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •์น˜ ๋„๋• ๋ฌธ์ œ์—
16:32
with moral questions in politics,
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋ฉด
16:34
that's a recipe for disagreement,
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ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†์ด ๋‹คํˆผ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ณ 
16:36
and for that matter, a recipe for
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๊ทธ ์ผ๋กœ
16:38
intolerance and coercion.
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๋ถˆ๊ด€์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ•์••์ด ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
16:40
So better to shy away from,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ์˜
16:42
to ignore,
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๋„๋•์ , ์ข…๊ต์  ์‹ ๋…๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋Š”
16:44
the moral and the religious convictions
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ํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ 
16:46
that people bring to civic life.
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๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚ซ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋“ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:48
It seems to me that our discussion
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋…ผ์˜๋Š”
16:51
reflects the opposite,
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๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋“ฏ ํ•˜๋„ค์š”.
16:53
that a better way
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์ฆ‰ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ
16:56
to mutual respect
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์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
16:58
is to engage directly
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ณต๊ณต ์ƒํ™œ์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
17:00
with the moral convictions
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๋„๋•์  ์‹ ๋…๋“ค์„
17:02
citizens bring to public life,
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์ง์ ‘ ๊ฑฐ๋ก ํ•ด ํ† ๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
17:05
rather than to require
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋”๋Ÿฌ
17:07
that people leave their deepest moral convictions
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ด๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๋…์ด
17:10
outside politics
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์ •์น˜์— ๊ด€์—ฌ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋„๋ก
17:12
before they enter.
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์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚ซ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:14
That, it seems to me, is a way
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
17:16
to begin to restore
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ ์ธ ํ† ๋ก ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋˜์‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š”
17:18
the art of democratic argument.
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์ฒซ ๊ฑธ์Œ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:20
Thank you very much.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:22
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
17:25
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:27
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
17:30
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:32
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
17:34
Thank you very much.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:36
Thanks. Thank you.
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๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ์š”, ๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:39
Chris.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค
17:41
Thanks, Chris.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ์š”
17:44
Chris Anderson: From flutes to golf courses
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ, : ํ”Œ๋ฃป์—์„œ ๊ณจํ”„ ์ฝ”์Šค๋กœ
17:46
to same-sex marriage --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์„ฑ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊นŒ์ง€
17:48
that was a genius link.
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๊ธฐ๋ง‰ํžŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:50
Now look, you're a pioneer of open education.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒ™์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:53
Your lecture series was one of the first to do it big.
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๊ฐ•์—ฐ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด, ์—ด๋ฆฐ ๊ต์œก์„ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์…จ์—ˆ๊ตฌ์š”.
17:55
What's your vision for the next phase of this?
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์š”?
17:58
MS: Well, I think that it is possible.
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์ƒŒ๋ธ : ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”-
18:01
In the classroom, we have arguments
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์ˆ˜์—… ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
18:04
on some of the most fiercely held
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
18:07
moral convictions that students have
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํžˆ ๊ณ ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
18:09
about big public questions.
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๋„๋•์  ์‹ ๋…๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ํ† ๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:11
And I think we can do that in public life more generally.
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๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ† ๋ก ์ด ์‹ค์ƒํ™œ ์†์—์„œ ๋ณดํŽธํ™” ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:14
And so my real dream would be
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์ €์˜ ๊ฟˆ์€
18:16
to take the public television series
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์—…๋“ค๋กœ
18:18
that we've created of the course --
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ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋ฌผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:20
it's available now, online,
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์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„
18:22
free for everyone anywhere in the world --
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .--
18:24
and to see whether we can partner with institutions,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ต์œก๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ํƒ€์ง„ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:27
at universities in China, in India,
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์ค‘๊ตญ, ์ธ๋„๋‚˜
18:29
in Africa, around the world,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋˜๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:31
to try to promote
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๊ทธ ๋ชฉ์ ์€
18:34
civic education
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ต์œก์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ
18:36
and also a richer kind
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋” ๊นŠ์ด์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ ์ธ ํ† ๋ก ์„
18:38
of democratic debate.
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์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:41
CA: So you picture, at some point,
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์•ค๋”์Šจ : ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€
18:43
live, in real time,
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์ƒ๋ฐฉ์†ก์œผ๋กœ
18:45
you could have this kind of conversation, inviting questions,
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์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ธ๋„์—์„œ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ
18:48
but with people from China and India joining in?
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š”๊ฑฐ๊ตฐ์š”
18:51
MS: Right. We did a little bit of it here
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์ƒŒ๋ธ : ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ด๊ณณ
18:53
with 1,500 people in Long Beach,
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๋กฑ๋น„์น˜์— ๋ชจ์ธ ์ฒœ์˜ค๋ฐฑ๋ช…์˜ ์ฒญ์ค‘๊ณผ ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ง€์š”.
18:55
and we do it in a classroom at Harvard
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ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ์˜ ๊ฐ•์˜์‹ค์—์„œ๋„
18:58
with about 1,000 students.
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์ฒœ๋ช…์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:00
Wouldn't it be interesting
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
19:02
to take this way
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ
19:05
of thinking and arguing,
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…ผ์Ÿํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
19:07
engaging seriously with big moral questions,
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋„๋• ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ† ๋ก ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
19:10
exploring cultural differences
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๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
19:12
and connect through a live video hookup,
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์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์˜์ƒ์œผ๋กœ
19:16
students in Beijing and Mumbai
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๋ฒ ์ด์ง• ๋ฐ ๋ญ„๋ฐ”์ด์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ
19:18
and in Cambridge, Massachusetts
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๋ฉ”์‚ฌ์ถ”์„ธ์ธ  ์บ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ
19:20
and create a global classroom.
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๋ฒ”์ง€๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ•์˜์‹ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:22
That's what I would love to do.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:24
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
19:28
CA: So, I would imagine
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์•ค๋”์Šจ : ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์—
19:30
that there are a lot of people who would love to join you in that endeavor.
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๋™์ฐธํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:33
Michael Sandel. Thank you so much. (MS: Thanks so much.)
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๋งˆ์ดํด ์ƒŒ๋ธ์”จ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์ƒŒ๋ธ : ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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