The illusion of consciousness | Dan Dennett

1,737,079 views ・ 2007-05-03

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: BH Cho κ²€ν† : Nakho Kim
00:26
So I'm going to speak about a problem that I have
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μ œκ°€ κ²ͺλŠ” 어렀움에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ§μ”€λ“œλ €λ³ΌκΉŒ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
and that's that I'm a philosopher.
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κ·Έ λ¬Έμ œλž€ λ°”λ‘œ μ œκ°€ μ² ν•™μžλΌλŠ” 것이죠.
00:32
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
00:34
When I go to a party and people ask me what do I do
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νŒŒν‹°μ— 갔을 λ•Œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ € 보고 λ­ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λƒκ³  물으면,
00:37
and I say, "I'm a professor," their eyes glaze over.
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μ €λŠ” "κ΅μˆ˜μš”."라고 λŒ€λ‹΅ν•˜λŠ”λ°, 그러면 그듀은 관심을 λ•λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
When I go to an academic cocktail party
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μ œκ°€ ν•™κ³„μ˜ μΉ΅ν…ŒμΌ νŒŒν‹°μ— κ°€λ©΄,
00:44
and there are all the professors around, they ask me what field I'm in
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λ‹€λ“€ κ΅μˆ˜λ“€μΈμ§€λΌ, κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 제게 전곡이 뭐냐고 λ¬»μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:48
and I say, "philosophy" -- their eyes glaze over.
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μ €λŠ” "μ² ν•™μ΄μš”."라고 λŒ€λ‹΅ν•˜λŠ”λ°, 그러면 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 관심을 끄죠.
00:51
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
00:53
When I go to a philosopher's party
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μ œκ°€ μ² ν•™μžλ“€μ˜ νŒŒν‹°μ— κ°€λ©΄,
00:56
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
00:59
and they ask me what I work on and I say, "consciousness,"
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ €ν•œν…Œ 뭘 μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜λƒκ³  λ¬»λŠ”λ°, 그럼 μ €λŠ” "μ˜μ‹μ΄μš”."라고 λ‹΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
their eyes don't glaze over -- their lips curl into a snarl.
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그듀은 관심을 끄지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λŒ€μ‹  μž…κΌ¬λ¦¬κ°€ μ”© μ˜¬λΌκ°€μ£ .
01:08
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
01:09
And I get hoots of derision and cackles and growls
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그리고 μ €λŠ” λΉ„μ›ƒμŒμ— μ•Όμœ μ— 별 μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό λ‹€ λ“£κ²Œ λœλ‹΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
because they think, "That's impossible! You can't explain consciousness."
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μ™œλƒλ©΄ 그듀은, "그건 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•΄! μ˜μ‹μ΄λž€ μ„€λͺ…될 수 μ—†λŠ” κ±°μ•Ό."라고 μƒκ°ν•˜κ±°λ“ μš”.
01:20
The very chutzpah of somebody thinking
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λ»”λ»”μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ μ˜μ‹μ΄λž€ 것을 μ„€λͺ…ν•΄λ‚Ό 수 있으리라고
01:22
that you could explain consciousness is just out of the question.
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μ—¬κΈ°λ‹€λ‹ˆ μ•„μ˜ˆ 말도 μ•ˆ λ˜λŠ” μ†Œλ¦¬λΌλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
My late, lamented friend Bob Nozick, a fine philosopher,
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ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ μ² ν•™μžμ˜€λ˜ μž‘κ³ ν•œ 제 친ꡬ λ‘œλ²„νŠΈ 노직은,
01:30
in one of his books, "Philosophical Explanations,"
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μžμ‹ μ˜ μ €μ„œ "철학적 μ„€λͺ…λ“€"μ—μ„œ
01:34
is commenting on the ethos of philosophy --
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μ² ν•™μ˜ 기풍에 λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•œ λ°” μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
the way philosophers go about their business.
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μ² ν•™μžλ“€μ΄ μžκΈ°λ„€ 일을 μ²˜λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” 방식에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ 말이죠.
01:41
And he says, you know, "Philosophers love rational argument."
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κ·ΈλŠ”, "μ² ν•™μžλ“€μ€ 합리적 논증을 μ• μ§€μ€‘μ§€ν•œλ‹€."κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:45
And he says, "It seems as if the ideal argument
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또 κ·ΈλŠ”, "λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ² ν•™μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ 이상적인 λ…Όμ¦μ΄λž€ 것은,
01:47
for most philosophers is you give your audience the premises
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μ²­μ€‘λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ „μ œλ₯Ό μ œμ‹œν•˜κ³  λ‚˜μ„œ,
01:53
and then you give them the inferences and the conclusion,
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μΆ”λ‘ κ³Ό 결둠을 μ œμ‹œν–ˆλŠ”λ°λ„,
01:58
and if they don't accept the conclusion, they die.
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κ·Έ 결둠을 받아듀이지 μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄, 그듀이 μ½± μ£½μ–΄λ²„λ¦¬λŠ” 것이라고,
02:02
Their heads explode." The idea is to have an argument
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머리가 ν„°μ Έλ²„λ¦¬λŠ” 것"이라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 즉, μƒλŒ€λ°©μ„ λ»—μ–΄λ²„λ¦¬κ²Œ ν•  μ •λ„λ‘œ
02:05
that is so powerful that it knocks out your opponents.
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κ°•λ ₯ν•œ 논증을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것이죠.
02:09
But in fact that doesn't change people's minds at all.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 사싀 논증은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ λ§ˆμŒμ„ μ „ν˜€ 바꾸지 λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:12
It's very hard to change people's minds
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μ˜μ‹ 같은 것에 κ΄€ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ λ§ˆμŒμ„
02:13
about something like consciousness,
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λ°”κΏ”λ†“κΈ°λž€ 맀우 μ–΄λ €μš΄ 일이죠.
02:15
and I finally figured out the reason for that.
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그리고 μ „ λ§ˆμΉ¨λ‚΄ κ·Έ 이유λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:20
The reason for that is that everybody's an expert on consciousness.
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κ·Έ μ΄μœ λž€ λ°”λ‘œ λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ μ˜μ‹μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 자칭 μ „λ¬Έκ°€λΌλŠ” 것이죠.
02:24
We heard the other day that everybody's got a strong opinion about video games.
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μš”μ „λ‚  μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ‹€λ“€ λΉ„λ””μ˜€ κ²Œμž„μ— λŒ€ν•΄ κ°•ν•œ μ˜κ²¬μ„ 가지고 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
They all have an idea for a video game, even if they're not experts.
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μ „λ¬Έκ°€κ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ„ λ‹€λ“€ λΉ„λ””μ˜€ κ²Œμž„μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ–΄λ–€ 생각을 가지고 있죠.
02:31
But they don't consider themselves experts on video games;
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그듀은 μžμ‹ μ΄ λΉ„λ””μ˜€ κ²Œμž„ 전문가라고 μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
they've just got strong opinions.
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κ·Έμ € κ°•ν•œ μ˜κ²¬μ„ 가진 것일 뿐이죠.
02:35
I'm sure that people here who work on, say, climate change
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κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™”λΌλ˜κ°€ 지ꡬ μ˜¨λ‚œν™”, μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ μΈν„°λ„·μ˜ 미래 등등에 λŒ€ν•΄
02:40
and global warming, or on the future of the Internet,
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μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜κ³  계신 μ—¬κΈ° λͺ¨μ΄μ‹  λΆ„λ“€κ»˜μ„œλ„
02:45
encounter people who have very strong opinions
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μ•žμœΌλ‘œ 무슨 일이 일어날 것인가에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ 맀우 κ°•ν•œ μ˜κ²¬μ„
02:47
about what's going to happen next.
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가진 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λ§Œλ‚˜κ³€ ν•˜μ‹€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
But they probably don't think of these opinions as expertise.
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ 그듀도 그런 μ˜κ²¬μ„ 전문지식이라고 μ—¬κΈ°μ§€λŠ” μ•Šκ² μ£ .
02:54
They're just strongly held opinions.
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κ·Έμ € κ°•ν•˜κ²Œ κ³ μˆ˜λ˜λŠ” μ˜κ²¬λ“€μΌ λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:56
But with regard to consciousness, people seem to think,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ˜μ‹μ— κ΄€ν•΄μ„œλΌλ©΄ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€, 즉 μš°λ¦¬λ“€ 각각은
03:00
each of us seems to think, "I am an expert.
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마치 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 것 κ°™μ•„μš”, "λ‚˜λŠ” μ „λ¬Έκ°€μ•Ό.
03:03
Simply by being conscious, I know all about this."
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μ™œλƒλ©΄ λ‚˜λŠ” μ˜μ‹μ΄ μžˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒ, λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ μ˜μ‹μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λͺ¨λ“  κ±Έ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ§€."
03:06
And so, you tell them your theory and they say,
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κ·Έλ ‡κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ 이둠을 μ–˜κΈ°ν•΄μ£Όλ©΄,
03:08
"No, no, that's not the way consciousness is!
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"아냐아냐, μ˜μ‹μ€ 그런 게 μ•„λ‹ˆμ•Ό!
03:09
No, you've got it all wrong."
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당신은 μ™„μ „νžˆ ν‹€λ Έμ–΄"라고듀 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
And they say this with an amazing confidence.
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그것도 λ†€λž„λ§Œν•œ μžμ‹ κ°μ— μ°¨μ„œ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•˜μ£ .
03:15
And so what I'm going to try to do today
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ œκ°€ 였늘 ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ” 일은,
03:17
is to shake your confidence. Because I know the feeling --
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ μžμ‹ κ°μ„ ν”λ“€μ–΄λ†“λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ™œλƒλ©΄ 저도 κ·Έ λŠλ‚Œμ„ μ•ŒκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
03:20
I can feel it myself.
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μ € μžμ‹ λ„ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 느끼고 μžˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
03:22
I want to shake your confidence that you know your own innermost minds --
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자기 마음의 κ°€μž₯ κΉŠμˆ™ν•œ κ³³κΉŒμ§€ 슀슀둜 잘 μ•Œκ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ μžμ‹ κ°μ„ μ €λŠ” ν”λ“€κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
that you are, yourselves, authoritative about your own consciousness.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ μŠ€μŠ€λ‘œκ°€ 자기 μ˜μ‹μ˜ μ§€λ°°μžλΌλŠ” μžμ‹ κ°μ„μš”.
03:33
That's the order of the day here.
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그것이 였늘 이 자리의 λͺ©ν‘œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
Now, this nice picture shows a thought-balloon, a thought-bubble.
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자, 이 멋진 그림은 μƒκ°μ˜ 말풍선을 λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:39
I think everybody understands what that means.
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λ‹€λ“€ 그게 뭔지 μ•„μ‹œκ² μ§€μš”.
03:41
That's supposed to exhibit the stream of consciousness.
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μ˜μ‹μ˜ 흐름을 보여주기 μœ„ν•œ 것이죠.
03:44
This is my favorite picture of consciousness that's ever been done.
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이 그림은 μ˜μ‹μ— κ΄€ν•œ κ·Έλ¦Ό 쀑에 μ œκ°€ κ°€μž₯ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:46
It's a Saul Steinberg of course -- it was a New Yorker cover.
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μ‚¬μšΈ μŠ€νƒ€μΈλ²„κ·Έμ˜ 그림인데 λ‰΄μš”μ»€ ν‘œμ§€μ˜€μ£ .
03:49
And this fellow here is looking at the painting by Braque.
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μ—¬κΈ° 이 μΉœκ΅¬λŠ” 브라크의 그림을 보고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:54
That reminds him of the word baroque, barrack, bark, poodle,
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κ·Έ κ·Έλ¦ΌμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 단어듀을 μ—°μƒν•˜κ³  있죠. λ°”λ‘œν¬(λ―Έμˆ μ–‘μ‹), 바라크(λ³‘μ˜),
03:58
Suzanne R. -- he's off to the races.
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바크(μ§–λ‹€), ν‘Έλ“€, μˆ˜μž” R... 계속 μ΄μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
There's a wonderful stream of consciousness here
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κΈ°κ°€ λ§‰νžŒ μ˜μ‹μ˜ 흐름이죠.
04:04
and if you follow it along, you learn a lot about this man.
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계속 따라가닀 보면, 이 μ‚¬λžŒμ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ§Žμ€ κ±Έ μ•Œκ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
What I particularly like about this picture, too,
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μ œκ°€ 또 이 κ·Έλ¦Όμ—μ„œ 특히 μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” 뢀뢄은,
04:10
is that Steinberg has rendered the guy
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μŠ€νƒ€μΈλ²„κ·Έκ°€ 이 λ‚¨μžλ₯Ό
04:12
in this sort of pointillist style.
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이런 μΌμ’…μ˜ 점묘 κΈ°λ²•μœΌλ‘œ κ·Έλ Έλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:15
Which reminds us, as Rod Brooks was saying yesterday:
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μ–΄μ œ λ‘œλ“œ λΈŒλ£©μŠ€κ°€ μ–˜κΈ°ν•΄μ€¬λ˜ κ±Έ λ– μ˜€λ₯΄κ²Œ ν•˜μ£ ,
04:18
what we are, what each of us is -- what you are, what I am --
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ”, μš°λ¦¬λ“€ 각각은, 즉 λ‹Ήμ‹ κ³Ό μ €λŠ”,
04:22
is approximately 100 trillion little cellular robots.
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λŒ€λž΅ 100쑰개의 μž‘μ€ μ„Έν¬λ‘œ 된 λ‘œλ΄‡λ“€μ΄λΌλŠ” μ‚¬μ‹€μ„μš”.
04:28
That's what we're made of.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ„Έν¬λ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:30
No other ingredients at all. We're just made of cells, about 100 trillion of them.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μž¬λ£ŒλŠ” μ „ν˜€ 쓰이지 μ•Šμ•˜μ£ . μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ•½ 100쑰개의 μ„Έν¬λ§Œ 가지고 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:34
Not a single one of those cells is conscious;
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κ·Έ μ€‘μ˜ μ–΄λ–€ 세포에도 μ˜μ‹μ€ μ—†μ£ .
04:36
not a single one of those cells knows who you are, or cares.
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κ·Έ 쀑 단 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 세포도 당신이 λˆ„κ΅°μ§€ λͺ¨λ₯΄κ³ , 신경도 μ•ˆ μ”λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:41
Somehow, we have to explain
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μ–΄μ¨Œκ±°λ‚˜, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ„€λͺ…ν•΄μ•Όλ§Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:43
how when you put together teams, armies, battalions
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각각 λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„ ν•œ λ§ˆλ¦¬μ™€λ„ λ³„λ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Ό 것이 μ—†λŠ”
04:47
of hundreds of millions of little robotic unconscious cells --
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이 μž‘μ€ λ‘œλ΄‡κ³Όλ„ 같은 μ˜μ‹ μ—†λŠ” 세포듀을
04:51
not so different really from a bacterium, each one of them --
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νŒ€μœΌλ‘œ, κ΅°λŒ€λ‘œ, λŒ€λŒ€λ‘œ ν•¨κ»˜ λͺ¨μ•„λ†“μ•˜μ„ λ•Œ,
04:55
the result is this. I mean, just look at it.
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 이런 결과물이 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ”μ§€ 말이죠. λ°”λ‘œ 이런 κ²°κ³Όμš”.
04:59
The content -- there's color, there's ideas, there's memories,
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κ·Έ μ†μ—λŠ”, 색깔이 있고, 관념이 있고, 기얡이 있고,
05:03
there's history. And somehow all that content of consciousness
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역사가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜μ‹μ˜ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  λ‚΄μš©λ¬Όλ“€μ΄
05:07
is accomplished by the busy activity of those hoards of neurons.
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λ‰΄λŸ° λ©μ–΄λ¦¬λ“€μ˜ λ°”μœ ν™œλ™μ„ 톡해 μ–΄μ°Œμ–΄μ°Œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:12
How is that possible? Many people just think it isn't possible at all.
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그게 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ°€λŠ₯ν• κΉŒμš”? λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ κ·Έμ € λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€κ³ λ§Œ μ—¬κΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:16
They think, "No, there can't be any
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그듀은 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•˜μ£ .
05:18
sort of naturalistic explanation of consciousness."
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"아무렴, μ˜μ‹μ—λŠ” μ–΄λ–€ μ‹μ˜ μžμ—°μ£Όμ˜μ  μ„€λͺ…도 μžˆμ„ 수 없지."
05:22
This is a lovely book by a friend of mine named Lee Siegel,
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이것은, 리 μ‹œκ²”μ΄λΌλŠ” 이름을 가진 제 μΉœκ΅¬κ°€ μ“΄ ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ μ±…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:25
who's a professor of religion, actually, at the University of Hawaii,
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ν•˜μ™€μ΄ λŒ€ν•™κ΅ 쒅ꡐ학 ꡐ수죠.
05:28
and he's an expert magician, and an expert
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λ˜ν•œ κ·ΈλŠ” μ „λ¬Έ λ§ˆμˆ μ‚¬μ΄λ©΄μ„œ
05:30
on the street magic of India, which is what this book is about,
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인도 거리 마술의 전문가이기도 ν•œλ°, 이 책이 그것에 λŒ€ν•œ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:34
"Net of Magic."
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"마술의 그물"
05:36
And there's a passage in it which I would love to share with you.
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그리고 μ—¬κΈ° μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€κ³Ό κ³΅μœ ν•˜κ³  싢은 책속 ꡬ절이 ν•˜λ‚˜ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:39
It speaks so eloquently to the problem.
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문제λ₯Ό 잘 ν‘œν˜„ν•΄μ£Όκ³  μžˆλŠ” κ΅¬μ ˆμ΄μ§€μš”.
05:45
"'I'm writing a book on magic,' I explain, and I'm asked, 'Real magic?'
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"'λ‚˜ λ§ˆμˆ μ— κ΄€ν•œ 책을 μ“°κ³  μžˆμ–΄,'라고 λ§ν•˜λ©΄, μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λ¬»λŠ”λ‹€. 'μ§„μ§œ 마술?'
05:50
By 'real magic,' people mean miracles,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ§„μ§œ 마술이라고 ν•˜λ©΄ κΈ°μ μ΄λΌλ˜κ°€,
05:52
thaumaturgical acts, and supernatural powers.
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μ„±μΈμ˜ 행적, μ΄ˆμžμ—°μ  힘 같은 κ±Έ λœ»ν•˜λŠ” 것이닀.
05:54
'No,' I answer. 'Conjuring tricks, not real magic.'
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그럼 λ‚˜λŠ” 'μ•„λ‹ˆ, λˆˆμ†μž„ μš”μˆ λ“€ 말야. μ§„μ§œ 마술 말고.'라고 λ‹΅ν•˜κ²Œ λœλ‹€.
05:58
'Real magic,' in other words, refers to the magic that is not real;
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μ§„μ§œ λ§ˆμˆ μ΄λž€ λ‹€λ₯Έ 말둜, μ§„μ§œκ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ λ§ˆμˆ μ„ λœ»ν•œλ‹€.
06:02
while the magic that is real, that can actually be done, is not real magic."
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λ°˜λ©΄μ— μ‹€μž¬ν•˜λŠ” 마술, 즉 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ ν–‰ν•΄μ§ˆ 수 μžˆλŠ” λ§ˆμˆ μ€ μ§„μ§œ 마술이 μ•„λ‹ˆλ‹€."
06:07
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
06:11
Now, that's the way a lot of people feel about consciousness.
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그런데 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ˜μ‹μ— κ΄€ν•΄μ„œλ„ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λŠλ‚λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:15
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
06:16
Real consciousness is not a bag of tricks.
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μ§„μ§œ μ˜μ‹μ΄λž€ λˆˆμ†μž„ μš”μˆ  보따리가 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” κ±°μ£ .
06:18
If you're going to explain this as a bag of tricks,
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μ˜μ‹μ΄ μš”μˆ  보따리라고 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λ €κ³  λ“ λ‹€λ©΄,
06:20
then it's not real consciousness, whatever it is.
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μ–΄μ¨Œκ±°λ‚˜ 그런 건 μ§„μ§œ μ˜μ‹μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:23
And, as Marvin said, and as other people have said,
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그런데 λ§ˆλΉˆμ΄λΌλ˜κ°€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ„ μ–˜κΈ°ν•΄μ™”λ“―μ΄,
06:29
"Consciousness is a bag of tricks."
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"μ˜μ‹μ΄λž€ μš”μˆ  보따리"μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:32
This means that a lot of people are just left completely dissatisfied
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κ²°κ΅­ μ œκ°€ μ˜μ‹μ— κ΄€ν•΄ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜λ©΄, λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 뢈만슀럽고
06:37
and incredulous when I attempt to explain consciousness.
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μ˜μ‹¬μ„ ν’ˆμ€ μƒνƒœ κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ λ‚¨κ²Œ λœλ‹€λŠ” μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:40
So this is the problem. So I have to
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λ°”λ‘œ 이것이 λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ”
06:43
do a little bit of the sort of work
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λ§Žμ€ 뢄듀이 μ’‹μ•„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„λ§Œν•œ
06:46
that a lot of you won't like,
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μž‘μ—…μ„ ν•΄μ•Όλ§Œ λ˜λŠ”λ°μš”.
06:50
for the same reason that you don't like to see
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마술의 μ†μž„μˆ˜κ°€ μ„€λͺ…λ˜λŠ” 것을 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌμ‹œλŠ” 것과
06:52
a magic trick explained to you.
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λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€ μ΄μΉ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:54
How many of you here, if somebody -- some smart aleck --
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λˆ„κ΅°κ°€κ°€, κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ 웬 μž˜λ‚œμ²™μŸμ΄κ°€
06:58
starts telling you how a particular magic trick is done,
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μ–΄λ–€ 마술의 μ†μž„μˆ˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ„€λͺ…ν•΄μ£Όλ €κ³  λ“€λ©΄
07:01
you sort of want to block your ears and say, "No, no, I don't want to know!
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κ·€λ₯Ό 막고 "μ‹«μ–΄ μ‹«μ–΄, μ•Œκ³  싢지 μ•Šμ•„! 재미λ₯Ό 앗아가지 마.
07:04
Don't take the thrill of it away. I'd rather be mystified.
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λ‚œ κ·Έλƒ₯ λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” μ±„λ‘œ μžˆμ„ ν…Œμ•Ό. 닡을 μ•Œλ €μ£Όμ§€ 마."
07:07
Don't tell me the answer."
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라고 ν•˜μ‹€ λΆ„λ“€ 이 쀑에도 많이 κ³„μ‹œκ² μ§€μš”.
07:10
A lot of people feel that way about consciousness, I've discovered.
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μ €λŠ” λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ˜μ‹μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλ„ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λŠλ‚€λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ²Œ λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:13
And I'm sorry if I impose some clarity, some understanding on you.
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μœ κ°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œλ„ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€κ»˜ μ–΄λ–€ λͺ…μΎŒν•¨μ΄λ‚˜ 이해λ₯Ό λ†’μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ²Œ 될 터인지라,
07:19
You'd better leave now if you don't want to know some of these tricks.
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이런 μ†μž„μˆ˜λ“€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ•Œκ³  싢지 μ•ŠμœΌμ‹œλ‹€λ©΄ μ§€κΈˆ 자리λ₯Ό λœ¨μ‹œλŠ” 게 쒋을 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:24
But I'm not going to explain it all to you.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ €λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€κ»˜ μ „λΆ€ λ‹€ μ„€λͺ…ν•΄λ“œλ¦¬μ§„ μ•Šκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:28
I'm going to do what philosophers do.
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μ² ν•™μžλ“€μ˜ 방법을 μ“°κΈ°λ‘œ ν•˜μ§€μš”.
07:31
Here's how a philosopher explains the sawing-the-lady-in-half trick.
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아가씨λ₯Ό 반으둜 ν†±μ§ˆν•˜λŠ” μ†μž„μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” μ² ν•™μžλ“€μ˜ 방식은 μ΄λ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:37
You know the sawing-the-lady-in-half trick?
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아가씨λ₯Ό 반으둜 ν†±μ§ˆν•˜λŠ” 마술 μ•„μ‹œμ£ ?
07:39
The philosopher says, "I'm going to explain to you how that's done.
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μ² ν•™μžλΌλ©΄ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 말할 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€. "λ‚΄κ°€ μ €κ±° μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” 건지 μ•Œλ €μ€„κ»˜.
07:43
You see, the magician doesn't really saw the lady in half."
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μžˆμž–μ•„, μ € λ§ˆμˆ μ‚¬λŠ” μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ” 아가씨λ₯Ό 반으둜 ν†±μ§ˆν•˜λŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹ˆμ•Ό."
07:48
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
07:50
"He merely makes you think that he does."
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"λ‹ˆκ°€ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•˜λ„λ‘ λ§Œλ“€ 뿐이지."
07:54
And you say, "Yes, and how does he do that?"
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그럼 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 되묻겠죠. "그래, κ·Έκ±Έ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 건데?"
07:55
He says, "Oh, that's not my department, I'm sorry."
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μ² ν•™μžλŠ” μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 말할 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€. "μ•„, 그건 λ‚΄ λΆ„μ•Όκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ. λ―Έμ•ˆ."
07:57
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
08:02
So now I'm going to illustrate how philosophers explain consciousness.
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자 그럼 μ² ν•™μžλ“€μ΄ μ˜μ‹μ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ λ¬˜μ‚¬ν•΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:05
But I'm going to try to also show you
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ €λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ μ˜μ‹μ΄λž€ 것이
08:08
that consciousness isn't quite as marvelous --
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즉 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ μžμ‹ μ˜ μ˜μ‹μ΄λž€ 것이,
08:11
your own consciousness isn't quite as wonderful --
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ λ―Ώμ–΄μ™”λ˜ κ²ƒλ§ŒνΌ
08:13
as you may have thought it is.
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν™˜μƒμ μΈ 것은 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” 것도 λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦΄ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:15
This is something, by the way, that Lee Siegel talks about in his book.
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κ·Έλ‚˜μ €λ‚˜ 이건 리 μ‹œκ²”μ΄ 그의 μ €μ„œμ—μ„œ μ–˜κΈ°ν–ˆλ˜ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ.
08:19
He marvels at how he'll do a magic show, and afterwards
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λ§ˆμˆ μ‡Όκ°€ λλ‚˜κ³  λ‚˜μ„œ, κ·Έκ°€ X, Y 그리고 Z ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€λ©°
08:23
people will swear they saw him do X, Y, and Z. He never did those things.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ ν°μ†Œλ¦¬μΉ˜λŠ” 것을 κ·ΈλŠ” μ΄μƒν•˜κ²Œ μ—¬κΉλ‹ˆλ‹€. 그런 κ±Έ ν•œ 적이 μ—†μœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
08:27
He didn't even try to do those things.
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그런 κ±Έ ν•˜λ €κ³  μ‹œλ„μ‘°μ°¨ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
08:29
People's memories inflate what they think they saw.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 기얡은 μžκΈ°λ“€μ΄ λ΄€λ‹€κ³  λ―ΏλŠ” 것을 λΆ€ν’€λ¦¬μ§€μš”.
08:33
And the same is true of consciousness.
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μ˜μ‹μ— κ΄€ν•΄μ„œλ„ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:36
Now, let's see if this will work. All right. Let's just watch this.
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자 그럼 μ–΄λ”” ν•œλ²ˆ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€. μ—¬κΈ° 이걸 ν•œλ²ˆ 잘 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
08:43
Watch it carefully.
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주의깊게 λ“€μ—¬λ‹€λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
08:56
I'm working with a young computer-animator documentarian
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μš”μ¦˜ 닉 λ””λ¨ΈλΌλŠ” μ Šμ€ 컴퓨터-μ• λ‹ˆλ©”μ΄ν„° λ‹€νλ©˜ν„°λ¦¬ μž‘κ°€μ™€ μΌν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”λ°,
08:59
named Nick Deamer, and this is a little demo that he's done for me,
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κ·Έκ°€ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ€€ κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ 데λͺ¨ ν™”λ©΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:04
part of a larger project some of you may be interested in.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ 쀑에도 관심 μžˆλŠ” 뢄이 계싀 지도 λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” 더 큰 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμ˜ μΌν™˜μΈλ°μš”,
09:07
We're looking for a backer.
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저희듀은 κ·Έ ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈ ν›„μ›μžλ₯Ό μ°ΎλŠ” 쀑이죠.
09:10
It's a feature-length documentary on consciousness.
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μ˜μ‹μ— κ΄€ν•œ μž₯편 λ‹€νλ©˜ν„°λ¦¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:14
OK, now, you all saw what changed, right?
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λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그럼, 뭐가 λ°”λ€Œμ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ λ‹€λ“€ λ³΄μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
09:20
How many of you noticed that every one of those squares changed color?
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ 쀑에 λͺ‡ λΆ„μ΄λ‚˜, μ € λ„€λͺ¨λ“€μ˜ 색깔이 μ „λΆ€ λ‹€ λ°”λ€Œμ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μ•Œμ•„μ°¨λ¦¬μ…¨λ‚˜μš”?
09:25
Every one. I'll just show you by running it again.
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μ „λΆ€ λ°”λ€Œμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•œλ²ˆ 더 λŒλ €μ„œ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬μ£ .
09:34
Even when you know that they're all going to change color,
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색깔이 μ „λΆ€ λ°”λ€” κ±°λΌλŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ„ λ•Œμ‘°μ°¨λ„,
09:39
it's very hard to notice. You have to really concentrate
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κ·Έκ±Έ μ•Œμ•„μ°¨λ¦¬κΈ°λž€ 맀우 μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ•„μ£Ό μ§‘μ€‘ν•΄μ•Όλ§Œ 겨우
09:43
to pick up any of the changes at all.
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뭐가 λ°”λ€ŒκΈ΄ λ°”λ€λ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ„ μ •λ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:46
Now, this is an example -- one of many --
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자, 이것이 μš”μ¦˜ μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ μ—°κ΅¬λ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” ν˜„μƒμ˜
09:51
of a phenomenon that's now being studied quite a bit.
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λ§Žμ€ 사둀듀 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:53
It's one that I predicted in the last page or two of my
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μ €μ˜ 1991λ…„ μ €μ„œ "μ„€λͺ…λœ μ˜μ‹"의
09:57
1991 book, "Consciousness Explained,"
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ ν•œλ‘ μͺ½μ—μ„œ μ˜ˆκ²¬ν–ˆλ˜ ν˜„μƒμΈλ°μš”.
09:59
where I said if you did experiments of this sort,
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이런 μ‹€ν—˜μ„ ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ•„μ£Ό 큰 변화듀을 집어내지
10:02
you'd find that people were unable to pick up really large changes.
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λͺ»ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κ²Œ 되리라고 μ–˜κΈ°ν–ˆμ—ˆμ£ .
10:05
If there's time at the end,
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끝에 μ‹œκ°„μ΄ λ‚¨μœΌλ©΄,
10:07
I'll show you the much more dramatic case.
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훨씬 더 극적인 사둀듀을 λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:10
Now, how can it be that there are all those changes going on,
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자, 그토둝 λ§Žμ€ λ³€ν™”κ°€ 이루어지고 μžˆλŠ”λ°λ„,
10:15
and that we're not aware of them?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λͺ¨λ₯Ό 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”.
10:18
Well, earlier today, Jeff Hawkins mentioned the way your eye saccades,
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였늘 μ œν”„ ν˜Έν‚¨μŠ€κ°€ 우리 눈의 단속적인 μ›€μ§μž„μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ–˜κΈ°ν–ˆμ—ˆμ§€μš”.
10:23
the way your eye moves around three or four times a second.
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우리 눈이 μΌμ΄ˆμ— μ„œλ„ˆλ²ˆμ”© μ›€μ§μ—¬λŒ€λŠ” 방식에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œμš”.
10:26
He didn't mention the speed. Your eye is constantly in motion,
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ†λ„λŠ” μ–˜κΈ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ§€λ§Œμš”. 우리 λˆˆμ€ μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ 움직이고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:29
moving around, looking at eyes, noses, elbows,
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μ›€μ§μ΄λ©΄μ„œ λˆˆμ΄λ‚˜ μ½”λΌλ˜κ°€ νŒ”κΏˆμΉ˜ 같은 κ±Έ 바라보죠.
10:32
looking at interesting things in the world.
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세상 μ†μ˜ ν₯미둜운 사물듀을 λ°”λΌλ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:34
And where your eye isn't looking,
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그리고 우리 눈이 바라보고 μžˆμ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 곳은,
10:36
you're remarkably impoverished in your vision.
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μ‹œμ•Όμ—μ„œ ꡉμž₯히 νλ €μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:39
That's because the foveal part of your eye,
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우리 눈의 고해상도 λΆ€μœ„λΌκ³  ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
10:42
which is the high-resolution part,
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μ€‘μ‹¬μ™€λΌλŠ” λΆ€μœ„κ°€
10:44
is only about the size of your thumbnail held at arms length.
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겨우 νŒ”κΈΈμ΄ κ±°λ¦¬μ—μ„œ λ³Έ μ—„μ§€μ†ν†±λ§Œν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ§€μš”.
10:47
That's the detail part.
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그만큼이 μžμ„Ένžˆ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” λΆ€λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:49
It doesn't seem that way, does it?
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근데 λ³„λ‘œ 그런 것 같지 μ•Šμ§€μš”?
10:52
It doesn't seem that way, but that's the way it is.
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그런 것 같지 μ•Šμ§€λ§Œ, 사싀이 κ·Έλ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:54
You're getting in a lot less information than you think.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€ 생각보닀 훨씬 적은 정보λ₯Ό 받아듀이고 계신 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:58
Here's a completely different effect. This is a painting by Bellotto.
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μ—¬κΈ° μ™„μ „νžˆ λ‹€λ₯Έ 효과λ₯Ό λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€. 이건 벨둜또의 κ·Έλ¦ΌμΈλ°μš”.
11:04
It's in the museum in North Carolina.
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λ…ΈμŠ€μΊλ‘€λΌμ΄λ‚˜μ£Όμ˜ 박물관에 μžˆλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:06
Bellotto was a student of Canaletto's.
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λ²¨λ‘œλ˜λŠ” κΉŒλ‚ λ ˆλ˜μ˜ μ œμžμ˜€μ£ .
11:09
And I love paintings like that --
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μ „ 이런 그림듀을 μ•„μ£Ό μ’‹μ•„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:10
the painting is actually about as big as it is right here.
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이 그림은 μ‹€μ œλ‘œλ„ μ—¬κΈ° μ΄λ§Œν•œ ν¬κΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:14
And I love Canalettos, because Canaletto has this fantastic detail,
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그리고 μ €λŠ” κΉŒλ‚ λ ˆλ˜μ˜ 그림듀을 μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ”λ°μš”, κ·Έ ν™˜μƒμ μΈ μ„ΈλΆ€λ¬˜μ‚¬ λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ§€μš”.
11:17
and you can get right up
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κ°€κΉŒμ΄ λ‹€κ°€κ°€λ©΄
11:20
and see all the details on the painting.
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그림의 λͺ¨λ“  μ„ΈλΆ€λ₯Ό λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:23
And I started across the hall in North Carolina,
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μ €λŠ” λ…ΈμŠ€μΊλ‘€λΌμ΄λ‚˜μ˜ λ°•λ¬Όκ΄€ 볡도λ₯Ό κ°€λ‘œμ§€λ₯΄κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:28
because I thought it was probably a Canaletto,
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이게 μ•„λ§ˆ κΉŒλ‚ λ ˆλ˜μ˜ 그림일 ν…Œλ‹ˆ,
11:30
and would have all that in detail.
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세뢀에 μ˜¨κ°– 것이 λ‹€ μžˆμ„ 거라고 μƒκ°ν–ˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
11:32
And I noticed that on the bridge there, there's a lot of people --
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그리고 μ €κΈ° μ € 닀리 μœ„μ—, λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μ•Œκ²Œ λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:35
you can just barely see them walking across the bridge.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 닀리λ₯Ό κ±΄λ„ˆκ°€κ³  μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨μŠ΅μ΄ κ°„μ‹ νžˆ λ³΄μ΄μ§€μš”.
11:38
And I thought as I got closer
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” μ œκ°€ κ°€κΉŒμ΄ λ‹€κ°€κ°„λ‹€λ©΄
11:39
I would be able to see all the detail of most people,
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κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ„ΈλΆ€ λ¬˜μ‚¬κΉŒμ§€ 보게 되리라고 μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:42
see their clothes, and so forth.
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μ˜·μ΄λΌλ˜κ°€ 그런 κ±Έ λ§μ΄μ§€μš”.
11:44
And as I got closer and closer, I actually screamed.
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κ°€κΉŒμ΄ 더 κ°€κΉŒμ΄ λ‹€κ°€κ°€κ³  λ‚˜μ„œ, μ €λŠ” μ•… μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό 지λ₯΄κ²Œ λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:48
I yelled out because when I got closer,
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μ œκ°€ κ°€κΉŒμ΄ λ‹€κ°€κ°€κ³  λ‚˜λ‹ˆκΉŒ,
11:50
I found the detail wasn't there at all.
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μ„ΈλΆ€ λ¬˜μ‚¬ 같은 것은 μ „ν˜€ μ—†μ—ˆκ³ 
11:54
There were just little artfully placed blobs of paint.
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μ†œμ”¨ 있게 찍어놓은 물감 μžκ΅­λ“€λ§Œ μžˆμ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ§€μš”.
11:58
And as I walked towards the picture,
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μ œκ°€ 그림을 ν–₯ν•΄ κ±Έμ–΄κ°€λ©΄μ„œ,
12:01
I was expecting detail that wasn't there.
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μ €λŠ” μžˆμ§€λ„ μ•Šμ€ μ„ΈλΆ€λ₯Ό κΈ°λŒ€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:04
The artist had very cleverly suggested people and clothes
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ν™”κ°€λŠ” 맀우 κ΅λ¬˜ν•˜κ²Œ 인물듀과 μ˜·κ°€μ§€λ“€,
12:09
and wagons and all sorts of things,
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λ§ˆμ°¨λΌλ˜κ°€ 그런 μ˜¨κ°– 것듀을 μ•”μ‹œν•΄λ‘μ—ˆκ³ ,
12:12
and my brain had taken the suggestion.
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μ €μ˜ λ‘λ‡ŒλŠ” κ·Έ μ•”μ‹œλ₯Ό λ₯썩 받아듀인 것이죠.
12:15
You're familiar with a more recent technology, which is -- There,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€λ„ 이런 μš”μ¦˜ κΈ°μˆ μ— μ΅μˆ™ν•˜μ‹€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ°”λ‘œ, μ΄κ±΄λ°μš”.
12:21
you can get a better view of the blobs.
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얼룩을 μžμ„Ένžˆ 보싀 수 μžˆμ§€μš”.
12:23
See, when you get close
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ κ°€κΉŒμ΄ κ°€λ©΄,
12:25
they're really just blobs of paint.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ” κ·Έμ € 물감 자ꡭ일 λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:30
You will have seen something like this -- this is the reverse effect.
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이런 κ±Έ 보신 적 μžˆμ„ ν…λ°μš”. 이것이 κ·Έ λ°˜λŒ€μ˜ νš¨κ³Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:44
I'll just give that to you one more time.
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ν•œλ²ˆ 더 λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦΄κ»˜μš”.
12:47
Now, what does your brain do when it takes the suggestion?
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μ•”μ‹œλ₯Ό 받아듀일 λ•Œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ λ‘λ‡ŒλŠ” 무엇을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
12:54
When an artful blob of paint or two, by an artist,
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ν™”κ°€κ°€ 찍어놓은 κ΅λ¬˜ν•œ 물감 자ꡭ ν•œλ‘ κ°œκ°€,
12:59
suggests a person -- say, one of
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ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ 인물을 μ•”μ‹œν•  λ•Œ,
13:05
Marvin Minsky's little society of mind --
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마빈 λ―ΌμŠ€ν‚€κ°€ μ£Όμž₯ν•œ 마음의 μ‚¬νšŒ 같은 것이,
13:07
do they send little painters out to fill in all the details in your brain somewhere?
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ λ‘λ‡Œ μ–΄λ”˜κ°€μ— μž‘μ€ 화가듀을 μΆœλ™μ‹œμΌœμ„œ μ„ΈλΆ€λ₯Ό μ±„μš°κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
13:12
I don't think so. Not a chance. But then, how on Earth is it done?
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아닐 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그럴 리 μ—†μ£ . κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄, λŒ€μ²΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 그런 일이 κ°€λŠ₯ν• κΉŒμš”?
13:17
Well, remember the philosopher's explanation of the lady?
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자, κ·Έ 아가씨에 λŒ€ν•œ μ² ν•™μžμ˜ μ„€λͺ… κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ‹œμ£ ?
13:22
It's the same thing.
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λ˜‘κ°™μ€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:25
The brain just makes you think that it's got the detail there.
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λ‘λ‡ŒλŠ” κ·Έμ € μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜μ—¬κΈˆ μ„ΈλΆ€κ°€ κ±°κΈ° μžˆλ‹€κ³  믿게 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ±°μ§€μš”.
13:28
You think the detail's there, but it isn't there.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ„ΈλΆ€κ°€ μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, 사싀은 μ—†μ§€μš”.
13:31
The brain isn't actually putting the detail in your head at all.
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λ‘λ‡ŒλŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 머리 속에 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ„ΈλΆ€λ₯Ό μ±„μ›Œλ„£κ³  μžˆμ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:34
It's just making you expect the detail.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ μ„ΈλΆ€λ₯Ό κΈ°λŒ€ν•˜κ²Œλ” λ§Œλ“€ λΏμ΄μ§€μš”.
13:37
Let's just do this experiment very quickly.
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μ–Όλ₯Έ μ‹€ν—˜ ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό ν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
13:40
Is the shape on the left the same as the shape on the right, rotated?
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μ™Όμͺ½μ— μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨μ–‘이, 였λ₯Έμͺ½μ— μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨μ–‘κ³Ό 같은 λͺ¨μ–‘이 νšŒμ „λœ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
13:45
Yes.
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예.
13:47
How many of you did it by rotating the one on the left
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마음의 눈으둜 μ™Όμͺ½μ— μžˆλŠ” 것을
13:49
in your mind's eye, to see if it matched up with the one on the right?
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돌렀보고 였λ₯Έμͺ½ 것과 λ§žμΆ°λ΄„μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 닡을 λ§žμΆ”μ‹  λΆ„?
13:52
How many of you rotated the one on the right? OK.
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그럼 였λ₯Έμͺ½ κ±Έ λŒλ €λ³΄μ‹  뢄은? λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:56
How do you know that's what you did?
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ κ·Έλž¬λ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ•„μ‹­λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
13:58
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
14:01
There's in fact been a very interesting debate
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사싀 이건 20년이 λ„˜λ„λ‘ 인지과학계λ₯Ό νœ©μ“Έμ—ˆλ˜
14:03
raging for over 20 years in cognitive science --
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μ•„μ£Ό ν₯미둜운 λ…Όλž€κ±°λ¦¬μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:06
various experiments started by Roger Shepherd,
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λ‘œμ € μ…°νΌλ“œκ°€ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ‹€ν—˜λ“€μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆλŠ”λ°μš”.
14:08
who measured the angular velocity of rotation of mental images.
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마음 속 κ·Έλ¦Ό νšŒμ „μ˜ 각속도λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν–ˆλ˜ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄μ§€μš”.
14:13
Yes, it's possible to do that.
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예, κ·Έκ±Έ ν•˜λŠ” 것은 κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:15
But the details of the process are still in significant controversy.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έ κ³Όμ •μ˜ 세뢀사항은 μ—¬μ „νžˆ μƒλ‹Ήν•œ λ…Όλž€μ€‘μ— μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:22
And if you read that literature, one of the things
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λ§Œμ•½ κ·Έ λ¬Έν—Œλ“€μ„ μ½μ–΄λ³΄μ‹œκ²Œ λœλ‹€λ©΄,
14:25
that you really have to come to terms with is
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λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ μ΅μˆ™ν•΄μ Έμ•Όλ§Œ ν•˜λŠ” 것듀 쀑 ν•œ κ°€μ§€λŠ”,
14:28
even when you're the subject in the experiment, you don't know.
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슀슀둜 κ·Έ μ‹€ν—˜μ˜ μ°Έκ°€μžμΌ λ•Œμ‘°μ°¨λ„, μ•Œ μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:30
You don't know how you do it.
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κ·Έκ±Έ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œ μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:32
You just know that you have certain beliefs.
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μ–΄λ–€ μ‹œμ μ—, μ–΄λ–€ μˆœμ„œλŒ€λ‘œ μƒκ²¨λ‚˜λŠ” λ―ΏμŒλ“€μ„
14:35
And they come in a certain order, at a certain time.
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가지고 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ„ λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:38
And what explains the fact that that's what you think?
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당신이 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ±°λΌλŠ” 사싀을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ„€λͺ…ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
14:40
Well, that's where you have to go backstage and ask the magician.
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그러기 μœ„ν•΄μ„  λ¬΄λŒ€ λ’€λ‘œ κ°€μ„œ λ§ˆμˆ μ‚¬ν•œν…Œ λ¬Όμ–΄λ΄μ•Όλ§Œ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
14:44
This is a figure that I love: Bradley, Petrie, and Dumais.
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이건 μ œκ°€ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” κ·Έλ¦Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€: λΈŒλž˜λ“€λ¦¬, νŽ˜νŠΈλ¦¬μ™€ 두메이가 λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμ£ .
14:48
You may think that I've cheated,
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μ œκ°€ μ†μž„μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ“΄λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹€ 지도 λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:50
that I've put a little whiter-than-white boundary there.
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μ œκ°€ μ €κΈ° ν•˜μ–€ 경계λ₯Ό 더 ν•˜μ–—κ²Œ μΉ ν•œ 거라고 말이죠.
14:55
How many of you see that sort of boundary,
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동그라미듀 μ•žμ— λ– μžˆλŠ” λ„₯컀 μž…λ°©μ²΄μ˜
14:57
with the Necker cube floating in front of the circles?
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경계선 같은 것이 λ³΄μ΄μ‹œλŠ” λΆ„ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ κ³„μ‹­λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
15:00
Can you see it?
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λ³΄μ΄μ‹œλ‚˜μš”?
15:02
Well, you know, in effect, the boundary's really there, in a certain sense.
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그런데, μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ”, 경계선 같은 건 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:07
Your brain is actually computing that boundary,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ λ‘λ‡Œκ°€ κ·Έ 경계선을 κ³„μ‚°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ„ 뿐이죠.
15:10
the boundary that goes right there.
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λ°”λ‘œ μ—¬κΈ°λ₯Ό μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ§€λ‚˜κ°€λŠ” κ²½κ³„μ„ μ„μš”.
15:15
But now, notice there are two ways of seeing the cube, right?
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자 그럼, 이 μž…λ°©μ²΄λ₯Ό λ³΄λŠ” 법이 두 가지 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μ•„μ‹œκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
15:17
It's a Necker cube.
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λ„₯컀 μž…λ°©μ²΄λΌλŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
15:19
Everybody can see the two ways of seeing the cube? OK.
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이 μž…λ°©μ²΄λ₯Ό λ³΄λŠ” 두 가지 방법이 λ‹€λ“€ λ³΄μ΄μ‹œλ‚˜μš”? λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:23
Can you see the four ways of seeing the cube?
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그럼 λ„€ 가지 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œλ„ λ³΄μ΄μ‹œλ‚˜μš”?
15:27
Because there's another way of seeing it.
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이걸 λ³΄λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 방법이 또 μžˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
15:29
If you're seeing it as a cube floating in front of some circles,
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검은 동그라미 λͺ‡ 개 μ•žμ— λ–  μžˆλŠ” μž…λ°©μ²΄λ‘œ 보고듀 계싀텐데,
15:32
some black circles, there's another way of seeing it.
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이걸 λ³΄λŠ” 또 ν•œ 가지 방법이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:35
As a cube, on a black background,
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μŠ€μœ„μŠ€ 치즈 쑰각의 ꡬ멍듀을 ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ λ³΄μ΄λŠ”,
15:37
as seen through a piece of Swiss cheese.
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검은 λ°°κ²½ μœ„μ˜ μž…λ°©μ²΄λ‘œ λ§μ΄μ§€μš”.
15:39
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
15:42
Can you get it? How many of you can't get it? That'll help.
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μ΄ν•΄λ˜μ‹œλ‚˜μš”? 이해 λͺ»ν•˜μ‹  λΆ„? μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄ 도움이 될 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:48
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
15:50
Now you can get it. These are two very different phenomena.
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이젠 이해가 λ˜μ‹œκ² μ£ . 이건 두 가지 μ „ν˜€ λ‹€λ₯Έ ν˜„μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:55
When you see the cube one way, behind the screen,
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슀크린 뒀에 μžˆλŠ” μž…λ°©μ²΄λ₯Ό 보게 되면,
16:01
those boundaries go away.
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μ•„κΉŒ κ·Έ 경계선듀이 μ‚¬λΌμ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:03
But there's still a sort of filling in, as we can tell if we look at this.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ±„μ›Œμ§€λŠ” λ“―ν•œ ν˜„μƒμ€ λ‚¨μ•„μžˆμ£ . 이걸 보면 μ•Œ 수 μžˆλ“―μ΄.
16:08
We don't have any trouble seeing the cube, but where does the color change?
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μž…λ°©μ²΄λ₯Ό λ³΄λŠ” 데엔 μ•„λ¬΄λŸ° 지μž₯이 μ—†μ–΄μš”. 그런데 μ–΄λ””μ„œ 색깔이 λ°”λ€ŒλŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
16:12
Does your brain have to send little painters in there?
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ λ‘λ‡Œκ°€ μ €κΈ°λ‹€ 쑰그만 νŽ˜μΈνŠΈκ³΅λ“€μ„ λ³΄λ‚΄λŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
16:15
The purple-painters and the green-painters
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보라색을 μΉ ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό 녹색을 μΉ ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
16:17
fight over who's going to paint that bit behind the curtain? No.
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컀텐 λ’€μ—μ„œ μ„œλ‘œ μΉ ν•˜κ² λ‹€κ³  λ‹€νˆ¬κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”? μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
16:20
Your brain just lets it go. The brain doesn't need to fill that in.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ λ‘λ‡ŒλŠ” κ·Έμ € λ‚΄λ²„λ €λ‘‘λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‘λ‡ŒλŠ” μ €κΈΈ μ±„μšΈ ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†μ–΄μš”.
16:29
When I first started talking about
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€κ»˜μ„œ μ’€ 전에 λ³΄μ…¨λ˜ λΈŒλž˜λ“€λ¦¬, 페트리, λ‘λ©”μ΄μ˜ 사둀에 λŒ€ν•΄
16:32
the Bradley, Petrie, Dumais example that you just saw --
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μ œκ°€ 처음 μ–˜κΈ°ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œλ§Œ 해도--
16:36
I'll go back to it, this one --
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잠깐 λ’€λ‘œ κ°€μ„œ, 이거 말이죠--
16:40
I said that there was no filling-in behind there.
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μ €λŠ” κ·Έ 뒀에 μ±„μ›Œμ§€λŠ” ν˜„μƒμ΄ μ—†λ‹€κ³ λ§Œ μ–˜κΈ°ν–ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:47
And I supposed that that was just a flat truth, always true.
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그리고 μ €λŠ” κ·Έμ € 그뿐인 μ€„λ‘œλ§Œ μ—¬κ²Όμ—ˆμ£ .
16:50
But Rob Van Lier has recently shown that it isn't.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ‘­ λ°΄ λΌμ΄μ–΄λŠ” 졜근 그렇지 μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ λ³΄μ—¬μ€¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:55
Now, if you think you see some pale yellow --
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자, 이제 λ­”κ°€ ν¬λ―Έν•˜κ²Œ λ…Έλž€ 것이 λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 것 κ°™μœΌμ‹ κ°€μš”.
17:00
I'll run this a few more times.
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λͺ‡λ²ˆ 더 λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:02
Look in the gray areas,
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νšŒμƒ‰ μ§€λŒ€λ₯Ό 잘 λ“€μ—¬λ‹€λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
17:06
and see if you seem to see something sort of shadowy moving in there --
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λ­”κ°€ ν¬λ―Έν•œ 게 κ·Έ μ†μ—μ„œ μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ” 것이 λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 것 κ°™μœΌμ‹ μ§€μš”.
17:11
yeah, it's amazing. There's nothing there. It's no trick.
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κ·Έμ΅Έ! μ‹ κΈ°ν•˜μ§€μš”. 아무것도 μ—†λŠ”λ°λ„ 말이죠. μ†μž„μˆ˜ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:18
["Failure to Detect Changes in Scenes" slide]
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이건 λ‘  λ Œμ‹±ν¬λΌλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒ κ±΄λ°μš”. 이것도 μ•„κΉŒ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦°
17:24
This is Ron Rensink's work, which was in some degree
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제 μ±… 말미의 μ œμ•ˆμ— μ•½κ°„ μ˜κ°μ„ 받은 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:26
inspired by that suggestion right at the end of the book.
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잠깐 λ©ˆμΆ°λ³΄λ„λ‘ ν•˜μ§€μš”.
17:30
Let me just pause this for a second if I can.
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이건 변화맹에 λŒ€ν•œ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:32
This is change-blindness.
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μ•žμœΌλ‘œ 그림을 두 κ°œμ”© λ³΄μ‹€ν…λ°μš”.
17:34
What you're going to see is two pictures,
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두 그림이 μ‘°κΈˆμ”© λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:36
one of which is slightly different from the other.
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μ—¬κΈ° λΉ¨κ°„ 지뢕과 νšŒμƒ‰ 지뢕이 λ³΄μ΄μ‹œμ§€μš”.
17:38
You see here the red roof and the gray roof,
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두 κ·Έλ¦Ό 사이에 빈 ν™”λ©΄μœΌλ‘œ
17:41
and in between them there will be a mask,
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1/4초쯀 그림이 κ°€λ €μ§ˆ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:43
which is just a blank screen, for about a quarter of a second.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ, 첫번째 그림이 보이닀가, κ°€λ €μ‘Œλ‹€κ°€,
17:47
So you'll see the first picture, then a mask,
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그리고 λ‚˜μ„œ λ‘λ²ˆμ§Έ 그림이 보이닀가, 가렀지고,
17:49
then the second picture, then a mask.
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이런 μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 계속될 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ°Έκ°€μžλ‘œμ„œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ ν•΄μ•Όν•  일은
17:51
And this will just continue, and your job as the subject
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바뀐 뢀뢄이 보이면 λ²„νŠΌμ„ λˆ„λ₯΄λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:55
is to press the button when you see the change.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ 원그림을 240msλ™μ•ˆ 보여주고. 빈 ν™”λ©΄.
17:58
So, show the original picture for 240 milliseconds. Blank.
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λ‹€μŒ 그림을 240msλ™μ•ˆ 보여주고. 빈 ν™”λ©΄.
18:06
Show the next picture for 240 milliseconds. Blank.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ κ³„μ†ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ . μ°Έκ°€μžκ°€ "λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„μ°¨λ Έλ‹€"λ©΄μ„œ
18:12
And keep going, until the subject presses the button, saying,
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λ²„νŠΌμ„ λˆ„λ₯Ό λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€μš”.
18:16
"I see the change."
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자 이제 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‹€ν—˜μ˜ μ°Έκ°€μžκ°€ λ˜μ–΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
18:18
So now we're going to be subjects in the experiment.
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μ‰½κ²Œ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ£ . λͺ‡ κ°€μ§€λ§Œμš”.
18:21
We're going to start easy. Some examples.
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어렡지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:30
No trouble there.
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λ‹€λ“€ λ³΄μ΄μ‹œλ‚˜μš”? λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:32
Can everybody see? All right.
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사싀, λ Œμ‹±ν¬μ˜ μ°Έκ°€μžλ“€λ„ λ²„νŠΌμ„ λˆ„λ₯΄κΈ°κΉŒμ§€
18:35
Indeed, Rensink's subjects took only a little bit more
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1초 μ•½κ°„ λ„˜λŠ” μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 걸렸을 λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:39
than a second to press the button.
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μ €κ±° λ³΄μ΄μ‹œλ‚˜μš”?
18:46
Can you see that one?
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2.9초 짜리.
18:55
2.9 seconds.
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아직도 μ•ˆ λ³΄μ΄μ‹œλŠ” λΆ„?
19:04
How many don't see it still?
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건물 지뢕에 뭐가 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
19:07
What's on the roof of that barn?
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
19:09
(Laughter)
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쉽죠.
19:20
It's easy.
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μ €κ²Œ λ‹€λ¦¬μΈκ°€μš”, μ„ μ°©μž₯μΈκ°€μš”?
19:46
Is it a bridge or a dock?
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μ•„μ£Ό 극적인 사둀듀 λͺ‡ 개만 더 ν•˜κ³  λ§ˆμΉ˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜μ§€μš”.
19:52
There are a few more really dramatic ones, and then I'll close.
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특히 좩격적인 것 λͺ‡ 개만 더 λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:56
I want you to see a few that are particularly striking.
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이건 μ•„μ£Ό 큰 데도 μ°Ύμ•„λ‚΄κΈ°κ°€ μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ μ–΄λ €μš΄ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:00
This one because it's so large and yet it's pretty hard to see.
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λ³΄μ΄μ‹œλ‚˜μš”?
20:07
Can you see it?
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청쀑: λ„€
20:10
Audience: Yes.
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κ·Έλ¦Όμžκ°€ μ˜€λ½κ°€λ½ ν•˜λŠ” κ±° λ³΄μ΄μ‹œμ£ ? μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ ν½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:12
Dan Dennett: See the shadows going back and forth? Pretty big.
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그의 μ‹€ν—˜μ—μ„œ μ°Έκ°€μžλ“€μ΄ λˆ„λ₯Έ μ‹œκ°„μ˜
20:23
So 15.5 seconds is the median time
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μ€‘μœ„κ°’μ΄ 15.5μ΄ˆμ˜€μ–΄μš”.
20:27
for subjects in his experiment there.
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μ œκ°€ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ΄κ²ƒλ§Œ ν•˜κ³  끝내도둝 ν•˜μ§€μš”.
20:29
I love this one. I'll end with this one,
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μ›Œλ‚™ λΆ„λͺ…ν•˜κ³ λ„ μ€‘μš”ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
20:32
just because it's such an obvious and important thing.
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아직도 μ•ˆ λ³΄μ΄μ‹œλŠ” λΆ„? 아직도 μ•ˆ λ³΄μ΄μ‹œλŠ” λΆ„?
20:37
How many still don't see it? How many still don't see it?
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μ € λ³΄μž‰ λΉ„ν–‰κΈ° λ‚ κ°œμ— 엔진이 λͺ‡ κ°œμΈκ°€μš”?
20:43
How many engines on the wing of that Boeing?
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
20:46
(Laughter)
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λ°”λ‘œ κ·Έλ¦Ό ν•œκ°€μš΄λ°μ— μžˆμ§€μš”!
20:47
Right in the middle of the picture!
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κ²½μ²­ν•΄μ£Όμ…”μ„œ λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:53
Thanks very much for your attention.
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μ œκ°€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆλ˜ 것은,
20:54
What I wanted to show you is that scientists,
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κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ΄ μ™ΈλΆ€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ ‘κ·Όν•˜λŠ” μ œμ‚Όμžμ  방법을 μ”€μœΌλ‘œμ¨,
20:59
using their from-the-outside, third-person methods,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ μžμ‹ μ˜ μ˜μ‹μ— κ΄€ν•΄ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€ κΏˆλ„ 꾸지 λͺ»ν–ˆλ˜ 것듀을
21:03
can tell you things about your own consciousness
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μ•Œκ²Œ 될 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:05
that you would never dream of,
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또, 사싀 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μžμ‹ μ˜ μ˜μ‹μ— κ΄€ν•΄μ„œ
21:07
and that, in fact, you're not the authority
339
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슀슀둜의 μƒκ°λ§ŒνΌ 잘 μ•„λŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” 것을 λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:09
on your own consciousness that you think you are.
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마음의 이둠을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 데에
21:11
And we're really making a lot of progress
341
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μ •λ§λ‘œ λ§Žμ€ 진전이 이루어지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:13
on coming up with a theory of mind.
342
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였늘 μ•„μΉ¨, μ œν”„ ν˜Έν‚¨μŠ€λŠ” μ‹ κ²½κ³Όν•™ λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ 이둠을,
21:16
Jeff Hawkins, this morning, was describing his attempt
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크고 ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ 이둠을 μ„Έμš°κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€κ³  μ–˜κΈ°ν•΄μ£Όμ—ˆμ§€μš”.
21:22
to get theory, and a good, big theory, into the neuroscience.
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그의 말이 λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이건 정말 λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:26
And he's right. This is a problem.
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μ˜ˆμ „μ— ν•˜λ°”λ“œ μ˜κ³ΌλŒ€ν•™μ—μ„œ, μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€ μ±…μž„μžλž‘ μ–˜κΈ°ν•  적에
21:31
Harvard Medical School once -- I was at a talk --
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κ·Έκ°€ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "우리 μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€μ—, 이런 말이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:33
director of the lab said, "In our lab, we have a saying.
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λ‰΄λŸ° ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜λ©΄, 그건 신경과학이닀.
21:37
If you work on one neuron, that's neuroscience.
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λ‰΄λŸ° 두 개λ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜λ©΄, 그건 심리학이닀."
21:40
If you work on two neurons, that's psychology."
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
21:43
(Laughter)
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우린 더 λ§Žμ€ 이둠이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ©°, κ·Έ 이둠은 ν•˜ν–₯식 μ ‘κ·ΌμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ λ‚˜μ˜¬ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:47
We have to have more theory, and it can come as much from the top down.
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λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:50
Thank you very much.
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(λ°•μˆ˜κ°ˆμ±„)
21:52
(Applause)
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이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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