Jaap de Roode: How butterflies self-medicate

50,804 views ・ 2015-02-09

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Jihyeon J. Kim κ²€ν† : Jeong-Lan Kinser
00:12
So infectious diseases, right?
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μ „μ—Όλ³‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
00:13
Infectious diseases are still the main cause
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전염병은 μ—¬μ „νžˆ 전세계에 걸쳐
00:15
of human suffering and death around the world.
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인간을 고톡과 μ£½μŒμ— 이λ₯΄κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” μ£Όμš” μ›μΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:18
Every year, millions of people die of diseases such as T.B., malaria, HIV,
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맀년 전세계 수백만 λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ κ²°ν•΅, 말라리아, μ—μ΄μ¦ˆλ‘œ μ‚¬λ§ν•˜λ©°
00:23
around the world and even in the United States.
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심지어 λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œλ„ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
Every year, thousands of Americans die of seasonal flu.
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맀해 수천 λͺ…μ˜ 미ꡭ인듀이 κ³„μ ˆμ„± λ…κ°μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
Now of course, humans, we are creative. Right?
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λ¬Όλ‘  μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  우리 인간은 창의적인 μ‘΄μž¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
00:31
We have come up with ways to protect ourselves against these diseases.
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이런 μ§ˆλ³‘μ— λŒ€ν•­ν•  방법듀을 μƒκ°ν•΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
We have drugs and vaccines.
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약도 있고 백신도 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:36
And we're conscious -- we learn from our experiences
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ˜μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ κ²½ν—˜μ„ 톡해 배우고
00:39
and come up with creative solutions.
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창의적인 해결책을 μƒκ°ν•΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
We used to think we're alone in this, but now we know we're not.
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μ˜ˆμ „μ—λŠ” μΈκ°„λ§Œ 그런 쀄 μ•Œμ•˜λŠ”λ° 이젠 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” 것을 μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
We're not the only medical doctors.
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우리만 의료 μ˜μ‚¬κ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:46
Now we know that there's a lot of animals out there that can do it too.
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μ—¬λŸ¬ 가지 동물듀도 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κ±Έ μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:49
Most famous, perhaps, chimpanzees.
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κ°€μž₯ λŒ€ν‘œμ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” μΉ¨νŒ¬μ§€μΌ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:51
Not so much different from us,
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μš°λ¦¬μ™€ λ³„λ‘œ λ‹€λ₯΄μ§€ μ•Šμ£ .
00:52
they can use plants to treat their intestinal parasites.
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식물을 가지고 μž₯속 기생좩을 μΉ˜λ£Œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
But the last few decades have shown us that other animals can do it too:
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 동물듀도 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ§€λ‚œ λͺ‡ μ‹­λ…„λ™μ•ˆ λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
elephants, porcupines, sheep, goats, you name it.
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코끼리, κ³ μŠ΄λ„μΉ˜, μ–‘, μ—Όμ†Œ, μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:02
And even more interesting than that is that recent discoveries are telling us
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졜근 발견된 λ”μš± ν₯미둜운 것은
01:06
that insects and other little animals with smaller brains can use medication too.
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κ³€μΆ©μ΄λ‚˜ λ‡Œκ°€ λ”μš± μž‘μ€ 동물도 약물을 μ“΄λ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
The problem with infectious diseases, as we all know,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•„λŠ” κ°μ—Όλ³‘μ˜ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” 병원균이 계속 μ§„ν™”ν•΄μ„œ
01:14
is that pathogens continue to evolve,
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01:16
and a lot of the drugs that we have developed
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ°œλ°œν•˜λŠ” 약물이 효λ ₯을 μžƒλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:18
are losing their efficacy.
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01:19
And therefore, there is this great need to find new ways to discover drugs
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이런 μ§ˆλ³‘μ— λŒ€ν•­ν•  약을 λ°œκ²¬ν•  μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 방법을
01:24
that we can use against our diseases.
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μ°Ύμ•„μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
Now, I think that we should look at these animals,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 동물듀을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ³ 
01:28
and we can learn from them how to treat our own diseases.
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μ§ˆλ³‘μ„ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜λŠ” 지 배울수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:32
As a biologist, I have been studying monarch butterflies for the last 10 years.
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μƒλ¬Όν•™μžλ‘œμ„œ μ§€λ‚œ 10λ…„κ°„ ν™©μ œλ‚˜λΉ„λ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:36
Now, monarchs are extremely famous for their spectacular migrations
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ν™©μ œλ‚˜λΉ„λŠ” μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 거리λ₯Ό μ΄λ™ν•˜λŠ”λ°
01:39
from the U.S. and Canada down to Mexico every year,
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맀년 λ―Έκ΅­, μΊλ‚˜λ‹€μ—μ„œ λ©•μ‹œμ½”κΉŒμ§€
수 λ°±λ§Œλ§ˆλ¦¬κ°€ μ΄λ™ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그것 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 연ꡬλ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν•œ 게 μ•„λ…œμš”.
01:43
where millions of them come together,
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01:45
but it's not why I started studying them.
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01:47
I study monarchs because they get sick.
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ν™©μ œλ‚˜λΉ„κ°€ 병에 λ“€κΈ°λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ μ €λ‚˜ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ²˜λŸΌ μ•“μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:50
They get sick like you. They get sick like me.
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01:52
And I think what they do can tell us a lot about drugs
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ν™©μ œλ‚˜λΉ„μ˜ 행동이 인간을 μœ„ν•œ 약물을 κ°œλ°œν•˜λŠ” 데 도움이 λœλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
that we can develop for humans.
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01:57
Now, the parasites that monarchs get infected with
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ν™©μ œλ‚˜λΉ„κ°€ κ°μ—Όλœ 기생좩은
01:59
are called ophryocystis elektroscirrha -- a mouthful.
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μ˜€ν”„λ¦¬μ˜€μ‹œμŠ€ν‹°μŠ€ μ—˜λ ‰νŠΈλ‘œμ‹œλΌλŠ” λ§ν•˜κΈ°λ„ λ²…μ°¬ μ΄λ¦„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:03
What they do is they produce spores,
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이 기생좩은 ν™©μ œλ‚˜λΉ„μ˜ λͺΈμ— 수 백만개의 포자λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
millions of spores on the outside of the butterfly
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02:07
that are shown as little specks in between the scales of the butterfly.
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λ‚˜λΉ„ ν‘œλ©΄μ˜ μž‘μ€ 점처럼 보이죠.
02:11
And this is really detrimental to the monarch.
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그것이 ν™©μ œλ‚˜λΉ„μ—κ²Œ 맀우 치λͺ…μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:13
It shortens their lifespan,
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λ‚˜λΉ„μ˜ 수λͺ…을 μ€„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:15
it reduces their ability to fly,
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λΉ„ν–‰λŠ₯λ ₯을 κ°μ†Œμ‹œν‚€κ³ 
02:17
it can even kill them before they're even adults.
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성좩이 λ˜κΈ°λ„ 전에 죽게 λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:19
Very detrimental parasite.
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맀우 μœ„ν—˜ν•œ κΈ°μƒμΆ©μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:21
As part of my job, I spend a lot of time in the greenhouse growing plants,
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일 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ˜¨μ‹€μ—μ„œ λ§Žμ€ μ‹œκ°„ 식물을 κΈ°λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
and the reason for this is that monarchs are extremely picky eaters.
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ν™©μ œλ‚˜λΉ„κ°€ 먹이 κ³ λ₯΄λŠ”데 κΉŒλ‹€λ‘­κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
They only eat milkweed as larvae.
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μœ μΆ©μΌλ•Œ λŒ€κ·Ήκ³Ό μ‹λ¬Όλ§Œ λ¨ΉμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
Luckily, there are several species of milkweed that they can use,
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λ‹€ν–‰νžˆ ν™©μ œλ‚˜λΉ„κ°€ λ¨ΉλŠ” λͺ‡ 쒅이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
and all these milkweeds have cardenolides in them.
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κ±°κΈ°μ—λŠ” μΉ΄λ°λ†€λΌμ΄λ“œκ°€ ν•¨μœ λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
These are chemicals that are toxic.
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독성이 μžˆλŠ” ν™”ν•™λ¬Όμ§ˆμ΄μ£ .
02:38
They're toxic to most animals, but not to monarchs.
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ 동물에겐 ν•΄λ‘œμš΄λ° ν™©μ œλ‚˜λΉ„μ—κ²ŒλŠ” μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
In fact, monarchs can take up the chemicals,
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ν™©μ œλ‚˜λΉ„λŠ” ν™”ν•™λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ μ„­μ·¨ν•΄μ„œ
02:43
put it in their own bodies, and it makes them toxic
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λͺΈμ— μ €μž₯ν•œ ν›„ μœ λ…μ„±λ¬Όμ§ˆλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄
02:45
against their predators, such as birds.
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μƒˆ 같은 ν¬μ‹μžλ₯Ό λ°©μ–΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
And what they do, then, is advertise this toxicity
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그런 독성이 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 ν™”λ €ν•œ μƒ‰μƒμœΌλ‘œ λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
through their beautiful warning colorations
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02:52
with this orange, black and white.
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μ˜€λ Œμ§€, κ²€μ •, ν°μƒ‰μœΌλ‘œμš”.
02:54
So what I did during my job is grow plants in the greenhouse,
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μ €λŠ” 제 직μž₯의 μ˜¨μ‹€μ—μ„œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ λ‚˜λΉ„λ“€μ„ κΈΈλ €μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
different ones, different milkweeds.
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μ–΄λ–€ 것은 μ—΄λŒ€ λŒ€κ·Ήκ³Όλ₯Ό 포함해 독성이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:00
Some were toxic, including the tropical milkweed,
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03:02
with very high concentrations of these cardenolides.
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μΉ΄λ°λ†€λΌμ΄λ“œ μˆ˜μΉ˜κ°€ μ•„μ£Ό λ†’μ§€λ§Œ μ–΄λ–€ 것은 λ¬΄λ…μ„±μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:06
And some were not toxic.
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03:07
And then I fed them to monarchs.
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그것을 ν™©μ œλ‚˜λΉ„μ—κ²Œ λ¨Ήμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
Some of the monarchs were healthy. They had no disease.
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μ–΄λ–€ 것은 μ§ˆλ³‘μ—†μ΄ κ±΄κ°•ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ μ–΄λ–€ λ‚˜λΉ„λŠ” 병 λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
But some of the monarchs were sick,
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03:14
and what I found is that some of these milkweeds are medicinal,
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μ–΄λ–€ λŒ€κ·Ήκ³Ό 식물이 μ•½νš¨κ°€ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
meaning they reduce the disease symptoms in the monarch butterflies,
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ν™©μ œλ‚˜λΉ„μ˜ 증상을 μ™„ν™”μ‹œμΌ°λ‹€λŠ” 의미이고
03:20
meaning these monarchs can live longer when they are infected
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μ•½νš¨κ°€ μžˆλŠ” 식물을 λ¨Ήμ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ
03:23
when feeding on these medicinal plants.
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κ°μ—Όλ˜μ—ˆμ–΄λ„ 더 였래 μ‚΄μ•˜λ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:25
And when I found this, I had this idea,
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이 발견 ν›„ 이런 생각이 λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
and a lot of people said it was a crazy idea,
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λ§Žμ€ 이듀이 말도 μ•ˆλœλ‹€κ³  ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
03:30
but I thought, what if monarchs can use this?
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제 μƒκ°μ—λŠ” ν™©μ œλ‚˜λΉ„κ°€ 이걸 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹κΉŒ?
03:32
What if they can use these plants as their own form of medicine?
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λ‚˜λΉ„λ“€μ΄ μΉ˜λ£Œμ•½μœΌλ‘œμ¨ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹κΉŒ?
03:35
What if they can act as medical doctors?
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μ˜μ‚¬μ²˜λŸΌ ν–‰λ™ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹κΉŒ?
03:38
So my team and I started doing experiments.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 제 νŒ€κ³Ό μ €λŠ” μ‹€ν—˜μ„ μ§„ν–‰ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:40
In the first types of experiments,
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첫번째 μ‹€ν—˜μ—μ„œ 유좩으둜 μ„ νƒν•˜κ²Œ ν•΄λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€:
03:42
we had caterpillars, and gave them a choice:
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03:44
medicinal milkweed versus non-medicinal milkweed.
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μ•½νš¨κ°€ μžˆλŠ” 식물과 μ—†λŠ” μ‹λ¬Όμ€‘μ—μ„œμš”.
03:47
And then we measured how much they ate of each species over their lifetime.
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μƒμ• λ™μ•ˆ 각 μ’…λ₯˜λ₯Ό μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ¨ΉλŠ”μ§€ μΈ‘μ •ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:51
And the result, as so often in science, was boring:
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κ³Όν•™μ—μ„œμ˜ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” 정말 λ”°λΆ„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:54
Fifty percent of their food was medicinal. Fifty percent was not.
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50λŒ€ 50μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:58
These caterpillars didn't do anything for their own welfare.
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이 μœ μΆ©λ“€μ΄ μžμ‹ μ˜ 건강을 μœ„ν•΄ ν•˜λŠ” 일이 μ—†μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
04:02
So then we moved on to adult butterflies,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ„±μΆ© λ‚˜λΉ„λ‘œ μ‹€ν—˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:04
and we started asking the question
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μ €ν¬λŠ” μ–΄λ―Έ λ‚˜λ°©μ΄ ν›„μ†μ—κ²Œ
04:06
whether it's the mothers that can medicate their offspring.
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약물을 μ£ΌλŠ” 것이 아닐지 μ˜λ¬Έμ„ κ°–κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:09
Can the mothers lay their eggs on medicinal milkweed
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μ–΄λ―Έ λ‚˜λ°©μ΄ λŒ€κ·Ήκ³Ό 식물 μœ„μ— μ•Œμ„ λ‚³μ•„μ„œ
04:12
that will make their future offspring less sick?
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미래의 μœ μΆ©λ“€μ΄ 덜 μ•„ν”„κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμΌκΉŒμš”?
04:15
We have done these experiments now over several years,
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이 μ‹€ν—˜μ„ 수 λ…„λ™μ•ˆ μ§„ν–‰ν–ˆκ³  μ–Έμ œλ‚˜ 같은 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ–»μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:18
and always get the same results.
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κ΅°μ£Όλ‚˜λΉ„λ₯Ό 큰 μƒˆμž₯에 두고
04:20
What we do is we put a monarch in a big cage,
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04:22
a medicinal plant on one side, a non-medicinal plant on the other side,
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ν•œ μͺ½μ—λŠ” μ•½μ΄ˆλ₯Ό 놓고 λ‹€λ₯Έ μͺ½μ—λŠ” κ·Έλƒ₯ 풀을 λ†“μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:25
and then we measure the number of eggs that the monarchs lay on each plant.
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그리고 각 식물에 λ‚³λŠ” μ•Œ 개수λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•΄ λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:30
And what we find when we do that is always the same.
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μ‹€ν—˜μ„ ν• λ•Œλ§ˆλ‹€ 늘 κ²°κ³Όκ°€ κ°™μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
What we find is that the monarchs strongly prefer the medicinal milkweed.
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ν™©μ œλ‚˜λΉ„κ°€ μ•½μ΄ˆλ₯Ό κ°•ν•˜κ²Œ μ„ ν˜Έν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:36
In other words, what these females are doing
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즉, μ•”μ»· λ‚˜λΉ„λ“€μ€
04:39
is they're laying 68 percent of their eggs in the medicinal milkweed.
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68νΌμ„ΌνŠΈμ˜ μ•Œμ„ μ•½μ΄ˆ μœ„μ— λ‚³μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:42
Intriguingly, what they do is they actually transmit the parasites
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ν₯λ―Έλ‘­κ²Œλ„ μ•Œμ„ 낳을 λ•Œ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 기생좩을 μ „μ—Όμ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:46
when they're laying the eggs.
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04:48
They cannot prevent this.
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그것을 λ§‰μ§€λŠ” λͺ»ν•˜κ³ , 슀슀둜 약을 먹지도 λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:49
They can also not medicate themselves.
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04:51
But what these experiments tell us
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이 μ‹€ν—˜μ΄ λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” 것은
04:53
is that these monarchs, these mothers, can lay their eggs on medicinal milkweed
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ν™©μ œλ‚˜λΉ„ μ–΄λ―Έκ°€ μ•½μ΄ˆ μœ„μ— μ•Œμ„ λ‚³μ•„μ„œ
04:58
that will make their future offspring less sick.
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미래의 μœ μΆ©λ“€μ΄ 덜 μ•„ν”„κ²Œ ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:03
Now, this is a really important discovery, I think,
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이건 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 발견이라고 μ €λŠ” μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:05
not just because it tells us something cool about nature,
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μžμ—°μ˜ 멋진 면을 λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έλ§Œμ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
05:08
but also because it may tell us something more about how we should find drugs.
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 약물을 λ°œκ²¬ν• μ§€ μ•Œλ €μ£ΌκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:12
Now, these are animals that are very small
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λ‚˜λΉ„κ°€ 맀우 μž‘μ€ 동물이라 λ‹¨μˆœν•  것이라 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:14
and we tend to think of them as very simple.
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05:16
They have tiny little brains,
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λ‚˜λΉ„λŠ” 맀우 μž‘μ€ λ‡Œλ₯Ό 가지고도
05:17
yet they can do this very sophisticated medication.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ •κ΅ν•œ μ•½λ¬ΌμΉ˜λ£Œλ₯Ό ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:20
Now, we know that even today, most of our drugs
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 약물이
05:23
derive from natural products, including plants,
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식물을 ν¬ν•¨ν•œ μžμ—°μ—μ„œ μœ λž˜ν•¨μ„ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:26
and in indigenous cultures,
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ν† μ°© λ¬Έν™”μ—μ„œλŠ”
05:27
traditional healers often look at animals to find new drugs.
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전톡 μΉ˜λ£Œμ‚¬λ“€μ΄ 신약을 μ°ΎκΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 동물을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:30
In this way, elephants have told us how to treat stomach upset,
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 코끼리λ₯Ό 톡해 μ†Œν™”λΆˆλŸ‰ μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•μ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κ³ 
05:34
and porcupines have told people how to treat bloody diarrhea.
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κ³ μŠ΄λ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό 보고 μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 섀사 μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•μ„ μ•Œκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:37
What I think is important, though, is to move beyond
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은 λ‡Œμš©λŸ‰μ΄ 큰 동물듀을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λŠ” 것을 λ„˜μ–΄μ„œ
05:39
these large-brained mammals and give these guys more credit,
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κ³€μΆ©λ“€μ˜ 방법을 μΈμ •ν•˜λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:43
these simple animals, these insects that we tend to think of
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λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ‹¨μˆœν•˜κ³  μž‘μ€ λ‡Œλ₯Ό κ°€μ‘Œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ”
05:46
as very, very simple with tiny little brains.
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이 λ‹¨μˆœν•œ 곀좩듀을 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:49
The discovery that these animals can also use medication
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이런 동물듀이 약물을 μ“Έ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” λ°œκ²¬μ€
05:53
opens up completely new avenues,
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μ™„μ „νžˆ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λΆ„μ•Όλ₯Ό μ—΄μ–΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:56
and I think that maybe one day, we will be treating human diseases
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μ–Έμ  κ°€λŠ” μΈκ°„μ˜ μ§ˆλ³‘μ„
λ‚˜λΉ„λ‘œ 인해 λ°œκ²¬ν•œ μ•½λ¬Όλ‘œ μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜κ²Œ 될거라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:01
with drugs that were first discovered by butterflies,
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06:04
and I think that is an amazing opportunity worth pursuing.
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μ°Ύμ•„λ³Ό λ§Œν•œ κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ μžˆλŠ” λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ 기회라고 λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:08
Thank you so much.
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λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
(λ°•μˆ˜)
06:10
(Applause)
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이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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