Matthieu Ricard: How to let altruism be your guide

277,527 views ・ 2015-01-20

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Jeong-Lan Kinser κ²€ν† : Yookyung Seo
00:12
So we humans have an extraordinary potential for goodness,
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우리 인λ₯˜λŠ” 선함에 λŒ€ν•œ 맀우 큰 잠재λ ₯을 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
but also an immense power to do harm.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν•΄λ₯Ό 끼칠 수 μžˆλŠ” κ±°λŒ€ν•œ νž˜λ„ 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:24
Any tool can be used to build or to destroy.
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λͺ¨λ“  λ„κ΅¬λŠ” 무엇인가λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 쓰일 μˆ˜λ„ 있고
νŒŒκ΄΄ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 쓰일 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
That all depends on our motivation.
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λͺ¨λ“  것은 우리의 동기에 λ‹¬λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:33
Therefore, it is all the more important
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κ·Έλ ‡κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 이기적인 λ™κΈ°λ³΄λ‹€λŠ”
00:36
to foster an altruistic motivation rather than a selfish one.
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이타적인 동기λ₯Ό ν‚€μš°λŠ” 것이 무엇보닀 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
So now we indeed are facing many challenges in our times.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν˜„μ‹œλŒ€μ— μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ 어렀움듀을 λ§ˆμ£Όν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:49
Those could be personal challenges.
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개인적인 어렀움듀도 μžˆμ„ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:52
Our own mind can be our best friend or our worst enemy.
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우리 λ§ˆμŒμ€ 졜고의 벗이 될 μˆ˜λ„ 있고 μ΅œμ•…μ˜ 적이 될 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:58
There's also societal challenges:
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또 μ‚¬νšŒμ μΈ 어렀움이 μžˆμ„ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
poverty in the midst of plenty, inequalities, conflict, injustice.
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ν’μš”λ‘œμ›€ μ†μ˜ 빈곀, λΆˆν‰λ“±, 좩돌과 κ°ˆλ“±, 뢀당함 λ“±μ΄μ§€μš”.
01:06
And then there are the new challenges, which we don't expect.
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그리고 μ˜ˆμƒν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆλ˜ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 어렀움듀도 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
Ten thousand years ago, there were about five million human beings on Earth.
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1λ§Œλ…„ 전에 μ§€κ΅¬μ—λŠ” 5λ°± 만λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
Whatever they could do,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 무엇을 ν•˜λ“ μ§€ 간에
01:17
the Earth's resilience would soon heal human activities.
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μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ 볡원λ ₯은 인간 ν™œλ™μ˜ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό κΈˆμ„Έ μΉ˜λ£Œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
After the Industrial and Technological Revolutions,
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μ‚°μ—… 혁λͺ…κ³Ό 기술 혁λͺ…이 μ§€λ‚œ μ‹œμ μ—
01:25
that's not the same anymore.
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μ΄μ œλŠ” 더이상 같은 상황이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
We are now the major agent of impact on our Earth.
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이제 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 지ꡬ에 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” μ£Όμš”ν•œ μš”μΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:32
We enter the Anthropocene, the era of human beings.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이제 인λ₯˜μ„Έ, 즉 μΈκ°„μ˜ μ‹œλŒ€λΌλŠ” μƒˆ μ‹œλŒ€μ— λ“€μ–΄μ„°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:36
So in a way, if we were to say we need to continue this endless growth,
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λμ—†λŠ” μ„±μž₯을 κ³„μ†ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άκ³ ,
01:43
endless use of material resources,
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물질 μžμ›μ„ 끝없이 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€κ³  λ§ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것은
01:47
it's like if this man was saying --
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이 λ‚¨μžκ°€ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것과 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:50
and I heard a former head of state, I won't mention who, saying --
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λˆ„κ΅°μ§€ λ§ν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•Šκ² μ§€λ§Œ μ „ κ΅­κ°€ μ›μˆ˜κ°€ λ§ν•œ λ‚΄μš©μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
"Five years ago, we were at the edge of the precipice.
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"5년전에 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ²Όλž‘ 끝에 λͺ°λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:59
Today we made a big step forward."
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였늘 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ»€λ‹€λž€ ν•œ κ±ΈμŒμ„ λ‚΄λ””λŽ μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."
02:02
So this edge is the same that has been defined by scientists
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이 κ°€μž₯μžλ¦¬λΌλŠ” 것은 κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ΄ ν–‰μ„±μ˜ ν•œκ³„λΌκ³ 
02:08
as the planetary boundaries.
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μ •μ˜ν•œ 것듀과 같은 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
And within those boundaries, they can carry a number of factors.
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이 ν•œκ³„μ—λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€ μš”μ†Œλ“€μ΄ ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ–΄μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:15
We can still prosper, humanity can still prosper for 150,000 years
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μ§€λ‚œ 1λ§Œλ…„μ˜ μ™„μ‹ μ„Έλ™μ•ˆ ν•œ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ
*μ™„μ‹ μ„Έ: μ•½ 1λ§Œλ…„μ „λΆ€ν„° ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€
같은 μˆ˜μ€€μœΌλ‘œ κΈ°ν›„ μ•ˆμ •μ„±μ„ 지킨닀면
02:21
if we keep the same stability of climate
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02:24
as in the Holocene for the last 10,000 years.
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우리 인λ₯˜λŠ” μ•½ 15λ§Œλ…„ λ™μ•ˆ λ²ˆμ˜μ„ λˆ„λ¦΄ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:27
But this depends on choosing a voluntary simplicity,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλ ‡κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 자발적인 λ‹¨μˆœμ§€ν–₯ μƒν™œμ–‘μ‹μ„ μ·¨ν•΄μ•Όν•˜κ³ 
02:33
growing qualitatively, not quantitatively.
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양적이 μ•„λ‹Œ 질적인 μ„±μž₯을 ν•΄μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
So in 1900, as you can see, we were well within the limits of safety.
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λ³΄μ‹œλŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ, 1900λ…„λŒ€ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ•ˆμ „ν•œ 경계 μ•ˆμ— μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:42
Now, in 1950 came the great acceleration.
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1950λ…„λŒ€μ—λŠ” μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ 속도가 λΆ™μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
Now hold your breath, not too long, to imagine what comes next.
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μˆ¨μ„ 잠깐 λ©ˆμΆ”κ³ , λ„ˆλ¬΄ μ˜€λž˜λŠ” 말고. 이 λ‹€μŒμ΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 됐을지 μƒμƒν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
02:52
Now we have vastly overrun some of the planetary boundaries.
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이제 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν–‰μ„±μ˜ ν•œκ³„ 쀑 λͺ‡λͺ‡μ„ μ§€λ‚˜μΉ˜κ²Œ λ„˜μ–΄λ²„λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
Just to take biodiversity, at the current rate,
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ν˜„μž¬ 속도λ₯Ό κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œ 생물 닀양성을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
03:02
by 2050, 30 percent of all species on Earth will have disappeared.
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2050년이면 지ꡬ에 μžˆλŠ” 30%의 쒅이 μ‚¬λΌμ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
Even if we keep their DNA in some fridge, that's not going to be reversible.
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DNAλ₯Ό 냉μž₯고에 λ³΄κ΄€ν•œλ‹€κ³  해도 되돌릴 μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 사진 속에 μ €λŠ”
03:15
So here I am sitting
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03:16
in front of a 7,000-meter-high, 21,000-foot glacier in Bhutan.
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λΆ€νƒ„μ˜ 7μ²œλ―Έν„° λ†’μ΄μ˜ 6,400λ―Έν„° 크기의 λΉ™ν•˜ μ•žμ— μ•‰μ•„μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
At the Third Pole, 2,000 glaciers are melting fast, faster than the Arctic.
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제3κ·Ήμ μ—μ„œλŠ” 2,000개의 λΉ™ν•˜κ°€ λΆκ·Ήμ—μ„œλ³΄λ‹€ λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ λ…Ήκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
*제3극점: νžˆλ§λΌμ•Ό μΌλŒ€ λΉ™ν•˜ μ§€λŒ€
03:29
So what can we do in that situation?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 이런 μƒν™©μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 무엇을 ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
03:34
Well, however complex politically, economically, scientifically
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μ •μΉ˜μ μœΌλ‘œ, 경제적으둜, κ³Όν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ³΅μž‘ν•˜λ“ μ§€ 간에
03:41
the question of the environment is,
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ν™˜κ²½μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€
03:43
it simply boils down to a question of altruism versus selfishness.
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μ΄νƒ€μ£Όμ˜ λŒ€ 이기주의의 문제둜 κ°„λ‹¨νžˆ κ·€κ²°λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
I'm a Marxist of the Groucho tendency.
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μ €λŠ” 그루초 μ„±ν–₯의 마λ₯΄ν¬μŠ€μ£Όμ˜μžμ˜ˆμš”. *그루초 λ§‰μŠ€: 미ꡭ의 희ꡭ 배우
03:54
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
03:55
Groucho Marx said, "Why should I care about future generations?
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그루초 λ§‰μŠ€λŠ” μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆμ£ , "μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ™œ 미래 μ„ΈλŒ€λ₯Ό 신경써야 ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ ?"
03:59
What have they ever done for me?"
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"그듀이 μ €μ—κ²Œ ν•΄μ€€ 일이 λ¬΄μ—‡μΈκ°€μš”?"
04:01
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
04:02
Unfortunately, I heard the billionaire Steve Forbes,
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λΆˆν–‰ν•˜κ²Œλ„, 폭슀 λ‰΄μŠ€μ—μ„œ μ–΅λ§Œμž₯자 μŠ€ν‹°λΈŒ ν¬λΈŒμŠ€κ°€
04:07
on Fox News, saying exactly the same thing, but seriously.
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λ˜‘κ°™μ€ 이야기λ₯Ό 맀우 μ§„μ§€ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” 이야기λ₯Ό λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:10
He was told about the rise of the ocean,
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ν•΄μˆ˜λ©΄ μƒμŠΉμ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ λ“£κ³  λ‚˜μ„œ κ·ΈλŠ”
04:13
and he said, "I find it absurd to change my behavior today
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"μˆ˜λ°±λ…„ 후에 일어날 일 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 였늘 제 행동을
04:16
for something that will happen in a hundred years."
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λ°”κΎΈλŠ” 것은 어리석닀고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€." 라고 λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
So if you don't care for future generations,
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미래 μ„ΈλŒ€λ₯Ό 신경쓰지 μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄
04:22
just go for it.
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κ·Έλƒ₯ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:25
So one of the main challenges of our times
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우리 μ‹œλŒ€μ˜ μ–΄λ €μš΄ λ¬Έμ œλ“€ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”
04:28
is to reconcile three time scales:
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세가지 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‹œκ°„λŒ€μ˜ 문제λ₯Ό μ‘°ν™”μ‹œμΌœμ•Όν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:31
the short term of the economy,
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주식 μ‹œμž₯의 등락과 연말 νšŒκ³„μ™€ 같은 단기적인 경제 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
the ups and downs of the stock market, the end-of-the-year accounts;
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04:37
the midterm of the quality of life --
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10λ…„, 20λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ
우리 μ‚Άμ˜ 맀 μˆœκ°„μ˜ 질과 같은 쀑기적인 μ‚Άμ˜ 질의 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:40
what is the quality every moment of our life, over 10 years and 20 years? --
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04:45
and the long term of the environment.
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그리고 ν™˜κ²½ λ¬Έμ œμ™€ 같은 μž₯기적인 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:49
When the environmentalists speak with economists,
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ν™˜κ²½μš΄λ™κ°€λ“€μ΄ κ²½μ œν•™μžλ“€κ³Ό 이야기λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” 것을 듀어보면
04:51
it's like a schizophrenic dialogue, completely incoherent.
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마치 μ •μ‹  뢄열적이고 μ•žλ’€κ°€ μ „ν˜€ λ§žμ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” λŒ€ν™”μ²˜λŸΌ λ“€λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:54
They don't speak the same language.
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그듀은 μ „ν˜€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ–Έμ–΄λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것 κ°™μ£ .
04:57
Now, for the last 10 years, I went around the world
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μ €λŠ” μ§€λ‚œ 10λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ κ²½μ œν•™μž,
05:01
meeting economists, scientists, neuroscientists, environmentalists,
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κ³Όν•™μž, μ‹ κ²½κ³Όν•™μž, ν™˜κ²½μš΄λ™κ°€,
05:05
philosophers, thinkers in the Himalayas, all over the place.
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μ² ν•™μž, νžˆλ§λΌμ•Όμ˜ 사상가듀을 λ§Œλ‚˜λŸ¬ λ‹€λ…”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:09
It seems to me, there's only one concept
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세가지 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‹œκ°„λŒ€μ˜ 문제λ₯Ό μ‘°ν™”μ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ”
05:13
that can reconcile those three time scales.
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ν•œκ°€μ§€ λ°©λ²•λ§Œμ΄ μžˆλŠ” 것 κ°™μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:16
It is simply having more consideration for others.
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λ‚¨μ—κ²Œ λ°°λ €λ₯Ό 더 많이 ν•˜λŠ” 것이죠.
05:21
If you have more consideration for others, you will have a caring economics,
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남을 더 많이 λ°°λ €ν•˜κ²Œ 되면 κ²½μ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ 더 λ§Žμ€ 신경을 μ“°κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:26
where finance is at the service of society
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μ‚¬νšŒμ— λ΄‰μ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” κ²½μ œμ΄μ§€,
05:29
and not society at the service of finance.
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κ²½μ œμ— λ΄‰μ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒκ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ 것이죠.
05:32
You will not play at the casino
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ‹Ήμ‹ μ—κ²Œ 맑긴 μžμ›μœΌλ‘œ
05:34
with the resources that people have entrusted you with.
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μΉ΄μ§€λ…Έμ—μ„œ 도박을 ν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:37
If you have more consideration for others,
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남에 λŒ€ν•΄ 더 많이 λ°°λ €ν•˜κ²Œλ˜λ©΄
05:39
you will make sure that you remedy inequality,
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ꡐ윑적으둜 그리고 직μž₯μ—μ„œ
05:43
that you bring some kind of well-being within society,
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μ‚¬νšŒμ μœΌλ‘œ 더 λ‚˜μ€ 볡지λ₯Ό κ°€μ Έμ˜¬
05:47
in education, at the workplace.
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λΆˆν‰λ“± ν•΄μ†Œλ₯Ό ν•˜κ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:49
Otherwise, a nation that is the most powerful and the richest
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그렇지 μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄ κ΅­κ°€κ°€ κ°€μž₯ κ°•λ ₯ν•˜κ³  λΆ€μœ ν•˜κ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:52
but everyone is miserable, what's the point?
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ‹€λ₯Έ λͺ¨λ‘λŠ” λΆˆν–‰ν•˜κ² μ£ . 무슨 μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μžˆκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
05:55
And if you have more consideration for others,
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남에 λŒ€ν•œ 더 λ§Žμ€ λ°°λ €λ₯Ό ν•˜κ²Œ 되면
05:57
you are not going to ransack that planet that we have
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ν˜„μž¬ 우리 μ‚Άμ˜ 방식을 μ§€μ†ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ
06:01
and at the current rate, we don't have three planets to continue that way.
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지ꡬλ₯Ό 샅샅이 λ’€μ§ˆ ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:05
So the question is,
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그럼 μ΄νƒ€μ£Όμ˜κ°€ 정닡이라고 ν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
06:08
okay, altruism is the answer, it's not just a novel ideal,
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사싀 그리 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 아이디어도 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:12
but can it be a real, pragmatic solution?
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 정말 이것이 ν˜„μ‹€μ μΈ 해결책이 될 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
06:15
And first of all, does it exist,
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그전에 무엇보닀, μ΄νƒ€μ£Όμ˜κ°€ 정말 μ‘΄μž¬ν• κΉŒμš”?
06:18
true altruism, or are we so selfish?
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ§€κ·Ήνžˆ μ΄κΈ°μ£Όμ˜μ μΌκΉŒμš”?
06:22
So some philosophers thought we were irredeemably selfish.
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λͺ‡λͺ‡ μ² ν•™μžλŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ꡬ제뢈λŠ₯일 μ •λ„λ‘œ 이기적인 쑴재라고 μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:27
But are we really all just like rascals?
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 정말 우리 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λ‚˜μœ μ‚¬λžŒμΌκΉŒμš”?
06:32
That's good news, isn't it?
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쒋은 μ†Œμ‹μ€ μ•„λ‹ˆλ„€μš”.
06:35
Many philosophers, like Hobbes, have said so.
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ν™‰μŠ€ 같은 λ§Žμ€ μ² ν•™μžλ“€μ€ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:38
But not everyone looks like a rascal.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λ‚˜μœ 것 κ°™μ§€λŠ” μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:41
Or is man a wolf for man?
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ μ‚¬λžŒμ€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ λŠ‘λŒ€κ°™μ€ μ‘΄μž¬μΌκΉŒμš”?
06:44
But this guy doesn't seem too bad.
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이 μ‚¬λ‚΄λŠ” κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λ‚˜λΉ  보이진 μ•Šλ„€μš”.
06:47
He's one of my friends in Tibet.
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ν‹°λ²³μ˜ 제 친ꡬ 쀑 ν•œλͺ…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:50
He's very kind.
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ꡉμž₯히 μΉœμ ˆν•˜μ£ .
06:52
So now, we love cooperation.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ ν˜‘λ ₯을 μ’‹μ•„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:55
There's no better joy than working together, is there?
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ν•¨κ»˜ μΌν•˜λŠ” 것 만큼 즐거운 것도 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
07:00
And then not only humans.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ§Œμ΄ 그렇것은도 μ•„λ‹ˆκ΅¬μš”.
07:04
Then, of course, there's the struggle for life,
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λ¬Όλ‘  삢을 ν–₯ν•œ λΆ„νˆ¬, μ μžμƒμ‘΄,
07:06
the survival of the fittest, social Darwinism.
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μ‚¬νšŒμ  λ‹€μœˆμ£Όμ˜μ™€ 같은 것도 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:11
But in evolution, cooperation -- though competition exists, of course --
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λ¬Όλ‘  κ²½μŸμ€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ,
07:17
cooperation has to be much more creative to go to increased levels of complexity.
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μ§„ν™”μ μœΌλ‘œ 컀진 λ³΅μž‘κ³„λ‘œ λ‚˜μ•„κ°€λ €λ©΄ ν˜‘λ ₯은 훨씬 더 창의적이 λ˜μ–΄μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:22
We are super-cooperators and we should even go further.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ΄ˆν˜‘λ ₯μžλ“€μ΄κ³  더 멀리 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:27
So now, on top of that, the quality of human relationships.
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이λ₯Ό 염두해두고 인간 κ΄€κ³„μ˜ μ§ˆμ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ μƒκ°ν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
07:33
The OECD did a survey among 10 factors, including income, everything.
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OECDκ°€ μˆ˜μž…μ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•΄μ„œ 10가지 μš”μΈμ— λŒ€ν•œ 쑰사λ₯Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:37
The first one that people said, that's the main thing for my happiness,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ ν–‰λ³΅μ˜ κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μš”μ†ŒλΌκ³  λ§ν•œ μ²«λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ”
07:41
is quality of social relationships.
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μ‚¬νšŒμ  κ΄€κ³„μ˜ μ§ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:44
Not only in humans.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ§Œμ΄ 그런 것은 μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
07:47
And look at those great-grandmothers.
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그리고 이 ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆλ“€μ„ λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
07:50
So now, this idea that if we go deep within,
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이제 깊이 생각해보면
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ꡬ제뢈λŠ₯으둜 μ΄κΈ°μ μ΄λΌλŠ” 이 생각은
07:56
we are irredeemably selfish,
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07:58
this is armchair science.
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νƒμƒκ³΅λ‘ μ˜ 과학일 λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:01
There is not a single sociological study,
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사화학적인 μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλ„,
08:03
psychological study, that's ever shown that.
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심리학적인 μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλ„ 이런 것은 μž…μ¦λœ 적이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:06
Rather, the opposite.
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차라리 κ·Έ λ°˜λŒ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:08
My friend, Daniel Batson, spent a whole life
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제 친ꡬ인 λ‹€λ‹ˆμ—˜ λ°”νŠΈμŠ¨μ€ 맀우 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 쑰건의
08:12
putting people in the lab in very complex situations.
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μ‹€ν—˜ μ‘°κ±΄μ—μ„œ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ κ΄€μ°°ν•˜λŠ”λ° 평생을 λ°”μ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:15
And of course we are sometimes selfish, and some people more than others.
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λ¬Όλ‘  μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” 이기적이고 λͺ‡λͺ‡ μ‚¬λžŒμ€ 남듀보닀 정도가 μ‹¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:19
But he found that systematically, no matter what,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·ΈλŠ” μ–΄λ–€ μ‘°κ±΄μ—μ„œλ„ μ΄νƒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ ν–‰λ™ν•˜λŠ”
08:22
there's a significant number of people
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맀우 λ§Žμ€ 수의 μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을
08:25
who do behave altruistically, no matter what.
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μ²΄κ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ λ°ν˜€λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ–΄λ–€ μ‘°κ±΄μ΄λ“ μ§€μš”.
08:28
If you see someone deeply wounded, great suffering,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ‹¬ν•˜κ²Œ λ‹€μΉ˜κ±°λ‚˜ 큰 고톡을 κ²ͺκ³  μžˆλŠ” λˆ„κ΅°κ°€λ₯Ό λ³Έλ‹€λ©΄
08:31
you might just help out of empathic distress --
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ•„λ§ˆ 감정적인 고톡 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ λ„μš°λ €κ³  ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:34
you can't stand it, so it's better to help than to keep on looking at that person.
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κ·Έλƒ₯ 보고 μžˆλŠ” 것은 맀우 μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ„μ™€μ£ΌλŠ” 것이 훨씬 λ‚«μ£ .
08:38
So we tested all that, and in the end, he said, clearly people can be altruistic.
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λͺ¨λ“  경우λ₯Ό μ‹œν—˜ν•΄λ³Έ κ²°κ³Ό, μ‚¬λžŒμ€ λͺ…λ°±νžˆ 이타적이라고 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:44
So that's good news.
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쒋은 μ†Œμ‹μ΄λ„€μš”.
08:46
And even further, we should look at the banality of goodness.
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더 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€μ„œ, μ„ ν•¨μ˜ 일상성도 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:51
Now look at here.
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μ—¬κΈΈ 보죠.
08:53
When we come out, we aren't going to say, "That's so nice.
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μ—¬κΈΈ λ‚˜κ°ˆ λ•Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:56
There was no fistfight while this mob was thinking about altruism."
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"λŒ€λ‹¨ν•΄. 이 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ΄νƒ€μ£Όμ˜λ₯Ό μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ
주먹질 싸움이 μ „ν˜€ μ—†μ—ˆμ–΄." λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ μ˜ˆμƒν–ˆκ² μ§€λ§Œμš”.
09:00
No, that's expected, isn't it?
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09:03
If there was a fistfight, we would speak of that for months.
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λ§Œμ•½μ— 주먹닀짐이 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄, μˆ˜κ°œμ›”κ°„ κ·Έ 이야기λ₯Ό ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:06
So the banality of goodness is something that doesn't attract your attention,
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μ„ ν•¨μ˜ 일상성은 관심을 μ§‘μ€‘μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:09
but it exists.
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κ·Έλƒ₯ μ‘΄μž¬ν•  뿐이죠.
09:11
Now, look at this.
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이제 이걸 보죠.
09:21
So some psychologists said,
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μ œκ°€ νžˆλ§λΌμ•Όμ—μ„œ 제게 큰 기쁨을 μ£ΌλŠ”
09:24
when I tell them I run 140 humanitarian projects in the Himalayas
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140개의 μΈλ„μ£Όμ˜μ  ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ₯Ό μˆ˜ν–‰ν–ˆλ‹€κ³ ν•˜λ©΄
09:27
that give me so much joy,
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μ‹¬λ¦¬ν•™μžλ“€μ€ λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:29
they said, "Oh, I see, you work for the warm glow.
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"였. μ˜¨μ •μ‹¬λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄μ„œ μΌν•˜μ‹œλŠ”κ΅°μš”
09:32
That is not altruistic. You just feel good."
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그것은 μ΄νƒ€μ£Όμ˜κ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€. 단지 기뢄이 쒋을 뿐이죠."
09:35
You think this guy, when he jumped in front of the train,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 이 μ‚¬λ‚˜μ΄κ°€ κΈ°μ°¨ μ•žμœΌλ‘œ λ›°μ–΄λ“€ λ•Œ
09:38
he thought, "I'm going to feel so good when this is over?"
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"이 일을 마치고 λ‚˜λ©΄ 기뢄이 쒋을거야" 라고 μƒκ°ν•˜λ‹€κ³  λ³΄μ‹œλ‚˜μš”?
09:41
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
09:43
But that's not the end of it.
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κ·Έ 뿐만이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:45
They say, well, but when you interviewed him, he said,
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이 μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μΈν„°λ·°ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ κ·ΈλŠ” μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:48
"I had no choice. I had to jump, of course."
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"μ„ νƒκΆŒμ΄ μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ λ›°μ–΄λ‚΄λ €μ•Όν–ˆμ£ ."
09:51
He has no choice. Automatic behavior. It's neither selfish nor altruistic.
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μ„ νƒκΆŒμ΄ μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μžλ™μ  행동이죠. μ΄κΈ°μ μ΄κ±°λ‚˜ 이타적인 게 μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
09:55
No choice?
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μ„ νƒκΆŒμ΄ μ—†λ‹€?
09:56
Well of course, this guy's not going to think for half an hour,
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λ¬Όλ‘ , 이 λ‚¨μžκ°€ 30λΆ„λ™μ•ˆ 고민을 ν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ•˜μ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:59
"Should I give my hand? Not give my hand?"
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"λ„μ™€μ€˜μ•Όν•˜λ‚˜? 도와주지 말아야 ν•˜λ‚˜?"
10:01
He does it. There is a choice, but it's obvious, it's immediate.
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κ·ΈλŠ” λ„μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 선택할 수 μžˆμ—ˆμ£ . κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λͺ…ν™•ν•˜κ³  λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ ν•΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:05
And then, also, there he had a choice.
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그리고 κ·ΈλŠ” 선택을 ν–ˆμ£ .
10:08
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
10:10
There are people who had choice, like Pastor AndrΓ© TrocmΓ© and his wife,
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μ•ˆλ“œλ ˆ νŠΈλ‘œλ©”μ΄, 그의 μ•„λ‚΄, 그리고 ν”„λž‘μŠ€ λ₯΄ 샹봉 쉬λ₯΄ λ¦¬λ‹ˆμ˜Ή μ£Όλ―Όλ“€μ²˜λŸΌ
10:14
and the whole village of Le Chambon-sur-Lignon in France.
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μ„ νƒκΆŒμ„ 가진 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:17
For the whole Second World War, they saved 3,500 Jews,
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2μ°¨ μ„Έκ³„λŒ€μ „ λ™μ•ˆ 그듀은 3,500λͺ…μ˜ μœ νƒœμΈμ„ κ΅¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:21
gave them shelter, brought them to Switzerland,
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μ˜¨κ°– 악쑰건, κ·Έλ“€ μžμ‹ κ³Ό κ°€μ‘±λ“€μ˜ 생λͺ…에 μœ„ν˜‘μ„ κ°μˆ˜ν•˜κ³ 
10:23
against all odds, at the risk of their lives and those of their family.
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μœ νƒœμΈλ“€μ—κ²Œ 주거지λ₯Ό μ£Όκ³  μŠ€μœ„μŠ€λ‘œ 데렀닀 μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:27
So altruism does exist.
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μ΄νƒ€μ£Όμ˜λŠ” μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:29
So what is altruism?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ΄νƒ€μ£Όμ˜λŠ” λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
10:31
It is the wish: May others be happy and find the cause of happiness.
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그건 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ ν–‰λ³΅ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό 바라고 ν–‰λ³΅μ˜ 원인을 μ°ΎκΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λΌλŠ” μ†Œλ§μ΄μ£ .
10:35
Now, empathy is the affective resonance or cognitive resonance that tells you,
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곡감은 이 μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μ¦κ²λ‹€κ±°λ‚˜ 이 μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ κ³ ν†΅λ°›λŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œλ €μ£ΌλŠ”
10:40
this person is joyful, this person suffers.
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감정적인 λ˜λŠ” 인지적인 곡λͺ…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:42
But empathy alone is not sufficient.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ³΅κ°λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œλŠ” μΆ©λΆ„ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:46
If you keep on being confronted with suffering,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ 고톡과 λ§ˆμ£Όν•œλ‹€λ©΄
10:48
you might have empathic distress, burnout,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ κ°•λ ¬ν•œ 고톡과 피곀함을 κ·Ήλ„λ‘œ κ²ͺ을지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:51
so you need the greater sphere of loving-kindness.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ μ»€λ‹€λž€ μžμ• κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:55
With Tania Singer at the Max Planck Institute of Leipzig,
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λ§‰μŠ€ ν”Œλž‘ν¬ μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œμ˜ νƒ€λ‹ˆμ•„ 싱어와 ν•¨κ»˜
10:58
we showed that the brain networks for empathy and loving-kindness are different.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 곡감과 μžμ• μ˜ λ‡Œ 신경이 λ‹€λ₯΄λ‹€λŠ” 것을 증λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:04
Now, that's all well done,
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ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ μΌλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:06
so we got that from evolution, from maternal care, parental love,
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이런 것듀은 진화와, λͺ¨μ„±μ• , 그리고 λΆ€λͺ¨μ˜ μ‚¬λž‘μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 얻은 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:11
but we need to extend that.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이것듀을 더 ν™•μž₯μ‹œν‚¬ ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:13
It can be extended even to other species.
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심지어 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ’…μ—κ²Œλ„ ν™•μž₯ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:16
Now, if we want a more altruistic society, we need two things:
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 더 이타적인 μ‚¬νšŒλ₯Ό μ›ν•œλ‹€λ©΄, 두가지가 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:21
individual change and societal change.
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개인적 변화와 μ‚¬νšŒμ  λ³€ν™”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:24
So is individual change possible?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 개인적인 λ³€ν™”κ°€ κ°€λŠ₯ν• κΉŒμš”?
11:27
Two thousand years of contemplative study said yes, it is.
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2μ²œλ…„μ˜ λͺ…상 μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” 이것이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€κ³  λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:30
Now, 15 years of collaboration with neuroscience and epigenetics
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μ‹ κ²½κ³Όν•™, λ°œμƒκΈ°κ΅¬ν•™, 15λ…„κ°„μ˜ ν˜‘λ™μ—°κ΅¬λ„ 이것이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:33
said yes, our brains change when you train in altruism.
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우리의 λ‡ŒλŠ” μ΄νƒ€μ£Όμ˜λ₯Ό ν›ˆλ ¨λ°›μœΌλ©΄ λ³€ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:38
So I spent 120 hours in an MRI machine.
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μ €λŠ” MRI κΈ°κ³„μ—μ„œ 120μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ³΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:42
This is the first time I went after two and a half hours.
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이 λͺ¨μŠ΅μ€ 2μ‹œκ°„30λΆ„ λ§Œμ— 처음 λ°–μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜μ˜¨ λͺ¨μŠ΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:45
And then the result has been published in many scientific papers.
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연ꡬ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” λ§Žμ€ κ³Όν•™ ν•™μˆ μ§€μ— κ²Œμž¬λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:49
It shows without ambiguity that there is structural change
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연ꡬ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” 이타적인 μ‚¬λž‘μ„ ν›ˆλ ¨λ°›κ²Œ 되면
11:52
and functional change in the brain when you train the altruistic love.
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맀우 λͺ…ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ λ‡Œμ— ꡬ쑰적이고 κΈ°λŠ₯적인 λ³€ν™”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:56
Just to give you an idea:
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쑰금 더 μ„€λͺ…을 ν•΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:58
this is the meditator at rest on the left,
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μ™Όμͺ½μ€ 쉬고 μžˆλŠ” λͺ…μƒκ°€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:01
meditator in compassion meditation, you see all the activity,
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μ—°λ―Ό λͺ…상 μƒνƒœμ— μžˆλŠ” λͺ…μƒκ°€μ΄κ΅¬μš”. ν™œλ™λ“€μ„ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:04
and then the control group at rest, nothing happened,
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νœ΄μ‹ μƒνƒœμ— μžˆλŠ” λŒ€μ‘°κ΅°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 아무 것도 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:07
in meditation, nothing happened.
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λͺ…상 μƒνƒœμ΄κ΅¬μš”. 아무 일도 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:09
They have not been trained.
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그듀은 μ•„λ¬΄λŸ° ν›ˆλ ¨λ„ 받지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:11
So do you need 50,000 hours of meditation? No, you don't.
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그러면 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 5만 μ‹œκ°„μ˜ λͺ…상이 ν•„μš”ν• κΉŒμš”? μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:15
Four weeks, 20 minutes a day, of caring, mindfulness meditation
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맀일 20λΆ„μ”© 4μ£Όκ°„ 관심을 κ°€μ§€λŠ” λͺ…상을 톡해
12:19
already brings a structural change in the brain compared to a control group.
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λŒ€μ‘°κ΅°κ³Ό λΉ„κ΅ν•΄μ„œ 이미 ꡬ쑰적인 λ³€ν™”κ°€ λ‡Œμ— 일어났죠.
12:26
That's only 20 minutes a day for four weeks.
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4μ£Όλ™μ•ˆ ν•˜λ£¨μ— 단 20λΆ„κ°„ ν–ˆμ„ λΏμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:29
Even with preschoolers -- Richard Davidson did that in Madison.
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심지어 λ―Έμ·¨ν•™ μ•„λ™μ—κ²Œλ„ κ°™μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ¦¬μ°¨λ“œ λ°μ΄λΉ—μŠ¨μ΄ λ§€λ””μŠ¨μ—μ„œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:33
An eight-week program: gratitude, loving- kindness, cooperation, mindful breathing.
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감사, μžμ• , ν˜‘λ™, μ°¨λΆ„ν•œ ν˜Έν‘μ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•˜λŠ” 8μ£Ό ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:39
You would say, "Oh, they're just preschoolers."
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"단지 κ·Έλƒ₯ μ–΄λ¦° 아이듀일 λΏμΈκ±Έμš”" 라고 ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:41
Look after eight weeks,
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8μ£Ό 후에 μ•„μ΄λ“€μ˜ 행동을 보죠.
12:43
the pro-social behavior, that's the blue line.
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μ €κΈ° μ € νŒŒλž€μƒ‰ μ„ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:45
And then comes the ultimate scientific test, the stickers test.
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그리고 결정적인 과학적 μ‹€ν—˜μΈ μŠ€ν‹°μ»€ μ‹€ν—˜ κ²°κ³Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:51
Before, you determine for each child who is their best friend in the class,
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λ¨Όμ € 각 μ•„μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ κ°€μž₯ μΉœν•œ 친ꡬ, κ°€μž₯ 덜 μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” 친ꡬ,
12:55
their least favorite child, an unknown child, and the sick child,
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잘 λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” 친ꡬ, 그리고 μ•„ν”ˆ 친ꡬλ₯Ό κ³ λ₯΄κ²Œ ν•˜κ³ 
12:59
and they have to give stickers away.
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μŠ€ν‹°μ»€λ₯Ό 주도둝 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:02
So before the intervention, they give most of it to their best friend.
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ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „μ—” λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 아이듀이 κ°€μž₯ μΉœν•œ μΉœκ΅¬μ—κ²Œ μŠ€ν‹°μ»€λ₯Ό μ€¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:06
Four, five years old, 20 minutes three times a week.
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4, 5μ‚΄μ˜ 아이듀이 일주일에 μ„Έλ²ˆμ”© 20λΆ„κ°„ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ— μ°Έμ—¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:09
After the intervention, no more discrimination:
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ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨ μ°Έμ—¬ ν›„ 차별이 더 이상 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:13
the same amount of stickers to their best friend and the least favorite child.
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같은 μ–‘μ˜ μŠ€ν‹°μ»€λ₯Ό κ°€μž₯ μΉœν•œ μΉœκ΅¬μ™€ κ°€μž₯ μΉœν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μΉœκ΅¬μ—κ²Œ μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:17
That's something we should do in all the schools in the world.
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이것이 λ°”λ‘œ μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  ν•™κ΅μ—μ„œ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:20
Now where do we go from there?
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그럼 이제 κ±°κΈ°μ„œ μ–΄λ–€ λ°©ν–₯으둜 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
13:22
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
13:26
When the Dalai Lama heard that, he told Richard Davidson,
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달라이 λΌλ§ˆκ°€ 이 이야기λ₯Ό λ“€μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ, λ¦¬μ°¨λ“œ λ°μ΄λΉ—μŠ¨μ—κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:29
"You go to 10 schools, 100 schools, the U.N., the whole world."
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"학ꡐ 10κ³³, 100κ³³, UN으둜, 그리고 μ „ μ„Έκ³„λ‘œ κ°€μ„Έμš”."
13:32
So now where do we go from there?
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이제 μ–΄λ–€ λ°©ν–₯으둜 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€μ•Όν• κΉŒμš”?
13:34
Individual change is possible.
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개인적인 λ³€ν™”λŠ” κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:36
Now do we have to wait for an altruistic gene to be in the human race?
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이타적인 μœ μ „μžκ°€ 인λ₯˜μ—κ²Œ μƒκΈΈλ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ κΈ°λ‹€λ €μ•Όν• κΉŒμš”?
13:41
That will take 50,000 years, too much for the environment.
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그것은 5λ§Œλ…„μ΄ 걸릴 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν™˜κ²½μ—κ²Œ λ„ˆλ¬΄ κΈ΄ μ‹œκ°„μ΄μ£ .
13:45
Fortunately, there is the evolution of culture.
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λ‹€ν–‰νžˆλ„ λ¬Έν™”μ˜ μ§„λ³΄λž€ 것이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:49
Cultures, as specialists have shown, change faster than genes.
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전문가듀이 보여쀀 κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ λ¬Έν™”λŠ” μœ μ „μžλ³΄λ‹€ λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ λ³€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:55
That's the good news.
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쒋은 μ†Œμ‹μ΄μ£ .
13:56
Look, attitude towards war has dramatically changed over the years.
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μ „μŸμ„ λ°”λΌλ³΄λŠ” νƒœλ„κ°€ μˆ˜μ‹­λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 극적으둜 λ³€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:00
So now individual change and cultural change mutually fashion each other,
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개인적인 변화와 문화적인 λ³€ν™”κ°€ μ„œλ‘œλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:05
and yes, we can achieve a more altruistic society.
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λ„€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 보닀 이타적인 μ‚¬νšŒλ₯Ό 이룰 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:08
So where do we go from there?
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자 그럼 이제 μ–΄λ–€ λ°©ν–₯으둜 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
14:09
Myself, I will go back to the East.
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μ € μžμ‹ μ€ 동μͺ½μœΌλ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°ˆ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:12
Now we treat 100,000 patients a year in our projects.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμ—μ„œ 1년에 10만λͺ…μ˜ ν™˜μžλ₯Ό λŒλ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:15
We have 25,000 kids in school, four percent overhead.
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κ·Έ 쀑 4%인 2만5천λͺ…은 학ꡐ에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:19
Some people say, "Well, your stuff works in practice,
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λͺ‡λͺ‡ μ‚¬λžŒμ€ λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. "λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ 일듀이 μ‹€μ „μ—λŠ” μž‘λ™ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ,
14:21
but does it work in theory?"
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μ΄λ‘ μ μœΌλ‘œλ„ μž‘λ™ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμΈκ°€μš”?"
14:23
There's always positive deviance.
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μ–Έμ œλ‚˜ 긍정적인 μΌνƒˆμ€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:27
So I will also go back to my hermitage
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” 제 μ€λ‘”μ²˜λ‘œ λŒμ•„ 갈 μ˜ˆμ •μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:29
to find the inner resources to better serve others.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ 더 잘 λ„μšΈ 수 μžˆλŠ” λ‚΄λ©΄μ˜ μžμ›μ„ 찾게 μœ„ν•΄μ„œμš”.
14:32
But on the more global level, what can we do?
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 보닀 세계적인 μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 무엇을 ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
14:36
We need three things.
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세가지가 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:37
Enhancing cooperation:
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ν˜‘λ™μ„ ν–₯μƒμ‹œμΌœμ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:40
Cooperative learning in the school instead of competitive learning,
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ν•™κ΅μ—μ„œλŠ” 경쟁 ν•™μŠ΅ λŒ€μ‹ μ— ν˜‘λ™ ν•™μŠ΅μ„ ν•΄μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:44
Unconditional cooperation within corporations --
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κΈ°μ—…μ•ˆμ—λŠ” 무쑰건적인 ν˜‘λ™μ΄ μžˆμ–΄μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:47
there can be some competition between corporations, but not within.
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κΈ°μ—…κ°„μ—λŠ” 경쟁이 μžˆμ„ 수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ λ‚΄λΆ€μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:52
We need sustainable harmony. I love this term.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 지속가λŠ₯ν•œ μ‘°ν™”κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ €λŠ” 이 μš©μ–΄κ°€ μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:55
Not sustainable growth anymore.
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더 이상 지속가λŠ₯ν•œ μ„±μž₯μ΄λž€ μš©μ–΄λŠ” ν•„μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:57
Sustainable harmony means now we will reduce inequality.
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지속가λŠ₯ν•œ μ‘°ν™”λŠ” 이제 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λΆˆν‰λ“±μ„ ν•΄μ†Œν•  것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:01
In the future, we do more with less,
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λ―Έλž˜μ— μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 더 적은 μžμ›μœΌλ‘œ 더 λ§Žμ€ 일을 ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:05
and we continue to grow qualitatively, not quantitatively.
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 양적이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 질적으둜 계속 μ„±μž₯ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:10
We need caring economics.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ°°λ €ν•˜λŠ” κ²½μ œκ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:12
The Homo economicus cannot deal with poverty in the midst of plenty,
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호λͺ¨ μ΄μ½”λ…Έλ―ΈμΏ μŠ€λŠ” ν’μš”μ†μ˜ λΉˆκ³€μ„ ν•΄κ²°ν•˜μ§€ λͺ» ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:18
cannot deal with the problem of the common goods
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λŒ€κΈ°, 바닀와 같은 곡곡재의 문제λ₯Ό
15:20
of the atmosphere, of the oceans.
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ν•΄κ²°ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:23
We need a caring economics.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ°°λ €ν•˜λŠ” κ²½μ œκ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:24
If you say economics should be compassionate,
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λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ κ²½μ œμ— 연민이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  ν•˜λ©΄,
15:26
they say, "That's not our job."
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그듀은 "그건 우리 일이 μ•„λ‹ˆλ‹€"라고 ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:28
But if you say they don't care, that looks bad.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 그듀이 신경쓰지 μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€κ³  λ§ν•˜λ©΄ λ‚˜λΉ  보일 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:31
We need local commitment, global responsibility.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 지역적인 ν—Œμ‹ κ³Ό 세계적인 μ±…μž„μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:34
We need to extend altruism to the other 1.6 million species.
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μ΄νƒ€μ£Όμ˜λ₯Ό 160만개의 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ’…μœΌλ‘œ ν™•μž₯ν•΄μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:40
Sentient beings are co-citizens in this world.
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지각이 μžˆλŠ” μ‘΄μž¬λŠ” 이 μ„Έμƒμ˜ 같은 μ‹œλ―Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:43
and we need to dare altruism.
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ΄νƒ€μ£Όμ˜μ— 관심을 κ°€μ Έμ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:46
So, long live the altruistic revolution.
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μ΄νƒ€μ£Όμ˜ 혁λͺ…이여 μ˜μ›ν•˜λΌ.
15:50
Viva la revoluciΓ³n de altruismo.
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μ΄νƒ€μ£Όμ˜ 혁λͺ… λ§Œμ„Έ.
15:55
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
16:00
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:02
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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