Jonathan Drori: The beautiful tricks of flowers

78,551 views ใƒป 2011-07-06

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Mike Hong ๊ฒ€ํ† : Yoon Sub Yi
00:17
Do you know
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€,
00:19
how many species of flowering plants there are?
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์„ธ์ƒ์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜„ํ™”์‹๋ฌผ(๊ฝƒ์ด ํ”ผ๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ)์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:22
There are a quarter of a million -- at least those are the ones we know about --
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์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์— ํ˜„ํ™”์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋Š” - ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ -
00:25
a quarter of a million species of flowering plants.
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25๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ข…์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
And flowers are a real bugger.
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๊ฝƒ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒŒ ์ฐธ์œผ๋กœ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ์ฃ .
00:30
They're really difficult for plants to produce.
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์‹๋ฌผ๋กœ์จ๋Š” ๊ฝƒ์„ ํ”ผ์šฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ์œผ๋กœ ํž˜๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
They take an enormous amount of energy and a lot of resources.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ์ž์›์ด ํˆฌ์ž๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:35
Why would they go to that bother?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์™œ ๊ฝƒ์„ ํ”ผ์šฐ๋ƒ๊ณ ์š”?
00:37
And the answer of course, like so many things in the world,
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์ •๋‹ต์€ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„, ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ,
00:39
is sex.
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์„น์Šค ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
I know what's on your mind when you're looking at these pictures.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ๋•Œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜์‹ค์ง€ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
And the reason that sexual reproduction is so important --
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์„น์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์‹์ด ์™œ ์ดํ† ๋ก ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ ...
00:48
there are lots of other things that plants can do to reproduce.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฒˆ์‹๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
You can take cuttings;
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๊บพ๊ฝ‚์ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์ผ๋‹จ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
00:53
they can sort of have sex with themselves;
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์™€ ์„น์Šค๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
they can pollinate themselves.
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์ž๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
00:57
But they really need to spread their genes
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๋„๋ฆฌ ๋ณด๋‚ด์„œ
00:59
to mix with other genes
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ์ „์ž์™€ ์„ž์ž„์œผ๋กœ์จ,
01:01
so that they can adapt to environmental niches.
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์ฃผ์œ„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ํ‹ˆ์ƒˆ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๊ณต๋žตํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
Evolution works that way.
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์ง„ํ™”๋ž€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
01:05
Now the way that plants transmit that information
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์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ ์ „์ž ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:07
is through pollen.
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๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€์š”.
01:09
Some of you may have seen some of these pictures before.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์…จ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
01:11
As I say, every home should have a scanning electron microscope
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š”, ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€์ •๋“ค์ด ์ „์ž ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•ด์„œ
01:13
to be able to see these.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
And there is as many different kinds of pollen
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๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๊ฝƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜
01:17
as there are flowering plants.
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๋งŽ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
And that's actually rather useful for forensics and so on.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ˆ˜์‚ฌ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:22
Most pollen that causes hay fever for us
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š”
01:25
is from plants that use the wind
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๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
01:27
to disseminate the pollen,
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๋จผ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
and that's a very inefficient process,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด์ง€์š”.
01:32
which is why it gets up our noses so much.
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๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฝง๊ตฌ๋ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๊พธ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค ์ด ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
Because you have to chuck out masses and masses of it,
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•˜๋ ค๋‹ค ๋ณด๋‹ˆ, ์„ฑ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ
01:36
hoping that your sex cells, your male sex cells,
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฟœ์–ด๋ƒ„์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
01:39
which are held within the pollen,
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋Š” ์šด ์ข‹๊ฒŒ
01:41
will somehow reach another flower just by chance.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฝƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด์ฃ .
01:43
So all the grasses, which means all of the cereal crops,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ’€๋“ค, ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณก๋ฌผ๋“ค์€
01:46
and most of the trees
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์€
01:48
have wind-borne pollen.
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๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
But most species
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฝƒ๋“ค์€
01:52
actually use insects to do their bidding,
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๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ์‹œํ‚ค์ฃ .
01:54
and that's more intelligent in a way,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์ข€ ๋” ์ง€๋Šฅ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
01:57
because the pollen, they don't need so much of it.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํ™”๋ถ„์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:00
The insects
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๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋“ค์€
02:02
and other species
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋“ค์€
02:05
can take the pollen,
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ํ™”๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์„œ
02:07
transfer it directly to where it's required.
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์•ผํ•  ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์ค„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:09
So we're aware, obviously, of the relationship
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ์™€ ์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ
02:12
between insects and plants.
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์ž˜์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
02:14
There's a symbiotic relationship there,
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ณต์ƒ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
whether it's flies or birds or bees,
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ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋“  ์ƒˆ๋“  ํ˜น์€ ๋ฒŒ์ด๋“  ๊ฐ„์—
02:19
they're getting something in return,
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์ด ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ๋…ธ๋™์˜ ๋Œ“๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
02:21
and that something in return is generally nectar.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋Œ“๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ๊ฟ€(๋„ฅํƒ€)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
Sometimes that symbiosis
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์ข…์ข… ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณต์ƒ์€
02:26
has led to wonderful adaptations --
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์•„๋ฌด ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ ์‘ ํ˜„์ƒ๋“ค์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
02:28
the hummingbird hawk-moth
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๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฐ•๊ฐ์‹œ ๋‚˜๋ฐฉ์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ
02:30
is beautiful in its adaptation.
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์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์ ์‘์˜ ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
The plant gets something,
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์‹๋ฌผ๋„ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ณ 
02:34
and the hawk-moth spreads the pollen somewhere else.
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๋‚˜๋ฐฉ์€ ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•ด ์ฃผ์ง€์š”.
02:38
Plants have evolved
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์–ด๋–ค ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ๋ฒŒ๋“ค์ด
02:40
to create little landing strips here and there
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๊ธธ์„ ์žƒ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ๋” ์ด๊ณณ ์ €๊ณณ์— ์ด์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
02:42
for bees that might have lost their way.
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์ž‘์€ ํ™œ์ฃผ๋กœ๋“ค์ด ์ž๋ผ๋„๋ก ์ง„ํ™”ํ•ด์˜ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
There are markings on many plants
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๋งŽ์€ ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์—๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณค์ถฉ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”
02:46
that look like other insects.
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ํ‘œ์‹์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
These are the anthers of a lily,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐฑํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ฝƒ๋ฐฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
cleverly done
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์˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ์˜์‹ฌ์—†์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜จ
02:53
so that when the unsuspecting insect
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๊ณค์ถฉ์ด ๋‚ด๋ ค์•‰๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด,
02:55
lands on it,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฝƒ๋ฐฅ์ด ๋’ค์ง‘ํžˆ๋ฉด์„œ
02:57
the anther flips up and whops it on the back
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๊ณค์ถฉ์˜ ๋’ค๋ฅผ ๋ฎ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ ,
02:59
with a great load of pollen that it then goes to another plant with.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ํ™”๋ถ„์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:02
And there's an orchid
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์ด ๋‚œ์ดˆ๋Š” ์‹ ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ
03:05
that might look to you as if it's got jaws,
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๋งˆ์น˜ ํ„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
03:07
and in a way, it has; it forces the insect to crawl out,
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ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๋” ํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š”
03:10
getting covered in pollen that it takes somewhere else.
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๊ทธ ํƒ“์— ์ž”๋œฉ ํ™”๋ถ„์„ ๋ฌปํžˆ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ฃ 
03:14
Orchids: there are 20,000, at least,
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๋‚œ์ดˆ๋Š” ์ ์–ด๋„ ์•ฝ 20,000 ๊ฐœ์˜
03:16
species of orchids --
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์ข…์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
amazingly, amazingly diverse.
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๋†€๋ผ์šด, ์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ผ์šธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:20
And they get up to all sorts of tricks.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋‚œ์ดˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํŠธ๋ฆญ์„ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
They have to try and attract pollinators
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๋‚œ์ดˆ๋“ค์€ ํ™”๋ถ„์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋งค๊ฐœ์ฒด๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์„ ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
03:25
to do their bidding.
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์œ ์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ์•ผํ•˜์ฃ .
03:27
This orchid, known as Darwin's orchid,
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์ด ์‹๋ฌผ์€ ๋‹ค์œˆ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค์œˆ์ด ์ด ์‹๋ฌผ์„
03:30
because it's one that he studied
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๋ณด๊ณ  ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ๋งค์šฐ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ด์ ธ์„œ
03:32
and made a wonderful prediction when he saw it --
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๋‹ค์œˆ์˜ ๋‚œ์ดˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
you can see that there's a very long nectar tube
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ด ์†์—๋Š” ๋‚œ์ดˆ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
03:37
that descends down
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์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ์ญ‰ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๋Š”
03:39
from the orchid.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ธด ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
And basically what the insect has to do --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณค์ถฉ์ด ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€....
03:43
we're in the middle of the flower --
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ๊ฝƒ์˜ ์ค‘์•™์ธ๋ฐ์š”...
03:45
it has to stick its little proboscis
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๊ทธ ์ž‘์€ ์ฃผ๋‘ฅ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ด€์— ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ๋ป—์–ด์„œ
03:47
right into the middle of that
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์ด ๊ฝƒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
03:49
and all the way down that nectar tube
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์ € ๊ด€์˜ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฃผ๋‘ฅ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋„ฃ์–ด์„œ๋Š”
03:51
to get to the nectar.
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๋ฐ‘์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฟ€์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
And Darwin said, looking at this flower,
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๋‹ค์œˆ์€ ์ด ๊ฝƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
"I guess something has coevolved with this."
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"๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ด ๋‚œ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค."
03:58
And sure enough,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ๊นŒ
04:00
there's the insect.
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์ด ๊ณค์ถฉ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
And I mean, normally it kind of rolls it away,
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์ € ์ฃผ๋‘ฅ์ด๋Š” ํ‰์ƒ์‹œ ๊ฐ๊ฒจ์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
04:04
but in its erect form,
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์™„์ „ ๋ป—์–ด์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”
04:06
that's what it looks like.
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์ €๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:09
Now you can imagine
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์ด์ œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ์ƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
that if nectar
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ๊ฟ€์ด
04:13
is such a valuable thing
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ท€์ค‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
04:16
and expensive for the plant to produce
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๊ฝƒ์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•ด ๋‚ด๊ธฐ์— ๋น„์‹ผ ์ž์›์ด๋ผ๋ฉด,
04:18
and it attracts lots of pollinators,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„๋งค๊ฐœ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์œ ํ˜นํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:21
then, just as in human sex,
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๊ฝƒ๋“ค๋„ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์„น์Šค์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด
04:23
people might start to deceive.
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์†์ž„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
04:25
They might say, "I've got a bit of nectar. Do you want to come and get it?"
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์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์•„๋งˆ "๋‚˜ํ•œํ…Œ ๊ฟ€์ด ์ข€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์™€์„œ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐˆ๋ž˜์š”?"
04:28
Now this is a plant.
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์ด ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:31
This is a plant here
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ์‹๋ฌผ์€ ๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ
04:33
that insects in South Africa just love,
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๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฝƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
and they've evolved with a long proboscis
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์ด ๊ฝƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ธด ์ฃผ๋‘ฅ์ด์˜ ๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์ด
04:40
to get the nectar at the bottom.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฟ€์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง„ํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
And this is the mimic.
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์ด๊ฑด ํ‰๋‚ด๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฝƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
So this is a plant that is mimicking the first plant.
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์ด ๊ฝƒ์€ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฝƒ์„ ํ‰๋‚ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
04:47
And here is the long-probosced fly
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ธด ์ฃผ๋‘ฅ์ด์˜ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์ธ๋ฐ,
04:50
that has not gotten any nectar from the mimic,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์Ÿ์ด ๊ฝƒ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ๋Š” ๊ฟ€์„ ์–ป์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:53
because the mimic doesn't give it any nectar. It thought it would get some.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์Ÿ์ด๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฟ€์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ป์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:56
So not only has the fly
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์ด ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋”ฐ๋ผ์Ÿ์ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
04:58
not got the nectar from the mimic plant,
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๊ฟ€์„ ์–ป์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:00
it's also -- if you look very closely
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์ž˜ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด,
05:02
just at the head end, you can see that it's got a bit of pollen
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋์—๋Š”
05:05
that it would be transmitting to another plant,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์‹๋ฌผํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์™€์„œ
05:07
if only some botanist hadn't come along
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์ € ๊ฝƒ๊ณผ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๋ž€ ์นด๋“œ์—๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋ผ์›Œ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:09
and stuck it to a blue piece of card.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:16
Now deceit carries on through the plant kingdom.
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์†์ž„์ˆ˜๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ๊ณ„์— ๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ์ ธ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
05:19
This flower with its black dots:
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์ด ๊ฒ€์€ ์ ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
05:21
they might look like black dots to us,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ฒ€์€ ์ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
05:23
but if I tell you, to a male insect of the right species,
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ํŠน์ • ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์ปท ๊ณค์ถฉ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
05:26
that looks like two females
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์˜จ๋ชธ์ด ๋‹ฌ์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜
05:28
who are really, really hot to trot.
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์•”์ปท ๊ณค์ถฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:32
And when the insect gets there and lands on it,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ณค์ถฉ์ด ๊ทธ ๊ณณ์— ๋‚ด๋ ค์•‰์œผ๋ฉด,
05:35
dousing itself in pollen, of course, that it's going to take to another plant,
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ํ™”๋ถ„์„ ์ž”๋œฉ ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด ์“ฐ๊ณ ๋Š”, ๋ฌผ๋ก , ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹๋ฌผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ ๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์ฃ .
05:38
if you look at the every-home-should-have-one scanning electron microscope picture,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด "๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ง‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์ฏค์€ ์žˆ๋Š”" ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ „์žํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
05:42
you can see that there are actually some patterning there,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฝƒ์— ํŒจํ„ด์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
05:44
which is three-dimensional.
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3์ฐจ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:46
So it probably even feels good for the insect,
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๊ทธ ๋ฌด๋Šฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์— ์˜ˆ์œ ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๊ณค์ถฉ์—๊ฒŒ๋„
05:49
as well as looking good.
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๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
And these electron microscope pictures --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ „์žํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌ์ง„์€
05:54
here's one of an orchid mimicking an insect --
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- ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณค์ถฉ์„ ํ‰๋‚ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚œ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ  -
05:57
you can see that different parts of the structure
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๊ฝƒ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ๊ฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์—๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ‰์ƒ๊ณผ
06:00
have different colors and different textures to our eye,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค์ด
06:03
have very, very different textures
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ๋งค์šฐ
06:05
to what an insect might perceive.
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๋„๋“œ๋ผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:08
And this one is evolved to mimic
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋”ฑ์ •๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ์—์„œ
06:10
a glossy metallic surface
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๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์ง๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฉ”ํƒˆ๋ฆญํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„
06:13
you see on some beetles.
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๋”ฐ๋ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
06:15
And under the scanning electron microscope,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ „์žํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋ฉด
06:18
you can see the surface there --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์˜ ์งˆ๊ฐ์ด, ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฝƒ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ
06:21
really quite different from the other surfaces we looked at.
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๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:25
Sometimes the whole plant
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—๋„
06:27
mimics an insect, even to us.
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์‹๋ฌผ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ณค์ถฉ์„ ๋‹ฎ์•˜์ง€์š”.
06:30
I mean, I think that looks like some sort of flying animal or beast.
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์ œ ๋ง์”€์€, ์ € ๋ชจ์Šต์€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋‚ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ๋™๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
It's a wonderful, amazing thing.
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์ •๋ง ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ด์—์š”.
06:36
This one's clever. It's called obsidian.
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์ด๊ฑด ์™„์ „ ์˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฝƒ์ด์ฃ . '์˜ต์‹œ๋””์•ˆ'(ํ‘์š”์„)์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
I think of it as insidium sometimes.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋” '์ธ์‹œ๋””์›€'์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:41
To the right species of bee,
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ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฒŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
06:44
this looks like another very aggressive bee,
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์ด๊ฑด ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๋ฒŒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
06:46
and it goes and bonks it on the head lots and lots of times to try and drive it away,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฒŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด ํ—ˆ์ƒ์˜ ๋ฒŒ์„ ์ซ“์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋‚ ์•„์™€์„œ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ๋“ค์ด๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
and, of course, covers itself with pollen.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ์ž”๋œฉ ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด ์“ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
06:51
The other thing it does
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์ด ๊ฝƒ์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ญํ• ์€
06:53
is that this plant mimics another orchid
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์ด ๊ฝƒ์€ ๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€
06:56
that has a wonderful store
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์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚œ์ดˆ๋ฅผ
06:59
of food for insects.
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๋‹ฎ์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
And this one doesn't have anything for them.
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์‹ค์ œ๋ก  ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:03
So it's deceiving on two levels --
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฑด ๋‘ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์†์ž„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
fabulous.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜์ฃ .
07:07
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:09
Here we see ylang ylang,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ž‘ ์ผ๋ž‘ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
the component of many perfumes.
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๋งŽ์€ ํ–ฅ์ˆ˜์˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ฃ .
07:13
I actually smelt someone with some on earlier.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ์ „์— ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด ํ–ฅ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งก์•„๋ดค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
07:16
And the flowers don't really have to be that gaudy.
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๊ฝƒ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฒˆ์ง€๋ฅด๋ฅดํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
07:18
They're sending out a fantastic array of scent
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ํ–ฅ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งก๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ
07:21
to any insect that'll have it.
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ํ™˜์ƒ์ ์ธ ํ–ฅ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฟœ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
07:24
This one doesn't smell so good.
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ๊ธฐ๋กญ์ง„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
This is a flower
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ฝƒ์ด์ฃ .
07:28
that really, really smells pretty nasty
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •๋ง, ์ •๋ง, ์ •๋ง ๋”๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
and is designed, again, evolved,
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์ฉ์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๋„๋ก
07:34
to look like carrion.
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์ง„ํ™”๋˜์–ด ์˜จ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:37
So flies love this.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
They fly in and they pollinate.
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ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๋“ค์–ด ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
07:42
This, which is helicodiceros,
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์ด 'ํ—ฌ๋ฆฌ์ฝ”๋””์„ธ๋กœ์Šค'๋ผ๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ์€
07:46
is also known as dead horse arum.
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'์ฃฝ์€ ๋ง ์•„๋ฃธ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ์šฐ์ฃ .(์•„๋ฃธ:์œ ๋Ÿฝ,๋ถ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด,์•„์‹œ์•„ ๋“ฑ์ง€์— ์ฃผ๋กœ ์„œ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” 25์ข…์˜ ๊ฝƒ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ๋ช…์นญ)
07:49
I don't know what a dead horse actually smells like,
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์ €๋Š” ์ง„์งœ ๋ง์˜ ์‹œ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ํ’๊ธฐ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๋ชฐ๋ผ๋„
07:51
but this one probably smells pretty much like it.
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์ด ๊ฝƒ์€ ์•„๋งˆ ์ •๋ง ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚ผ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
It's really horrible.
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์ •๋ง ๋”์ฐํ•œ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋ผ์ฃ .
07:55
And blowflies just can't help themselves.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‡ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ๋งก์œผ๋ฉด ์ฐธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
They fly into this thing,
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์‡ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋…€์„์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๋“ค์–ด์„œ
07:59
and they fly all the way down it.
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๊ทธ ๊ฝƒ์˜ ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊นŠ์ˆ™ํžˆ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
They lay their eggs in it,
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์‹œ์ฒด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
08:03
thinking it's a nice bit of carrion,
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๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ์•Œ์„ ๋‚ณ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
and not realizing that there's no food for the eggs, that the eggs are going to die,
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์‹ค์ œ๋ก  ๊ทธ ์•Œ๋“ค์ด ๋จน์„ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ, ์•Œ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ฃฝ๋Š”๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ์ฑ„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:08
but the plant, meanwhile, has benefited,
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—, ์ด ์‹๋ฌผ์€ ์ด๋“์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
08:11
because the bristles release
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์‹๋ฌผ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋˜ ํ„ธ์ด ๋Š์Šจํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ
08:13
and the flies disappear
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ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ ,
08:15
to pollinate the next flower -- fantastic.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์‹๋ฌผ์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์„ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ  - ๋Œ€๋ฐ•์ด์ฃ .
08:18
Here's arum, arum maculatum,
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์ด๊ฑด ์•„๋ฃธ ๋งˆ์ฟจ๋ผํˆผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
"lords and ladies," or "cuckoo-pint" in this country.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” lords and ladies ๋˜๋Š” cuckoo-pint ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ์šฐ์ฃ 
08:23
I photographed this thing last week in Dorset.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ์— Dorset ์—์„œ ์ฐ์€ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
This thing heats up
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์ด ๊ฝƒ์€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋ณด๋‹ค
08:27
by about 15 degrees above ambient temperature --
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15๋„๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰(ํ™”์”จ) ๋” ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ์•„์˜ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
amazing.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋†€๋ž์ฃ .
08:31
And if you look down into it,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณด์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:33
there's this sort of dam past the spadix,
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๊ฝƒ์ฐจ๋ก€(spadix)๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์žฅ๋ง‰ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
08:36
flies get attracted by the heat --
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์ด ์•ˆ์—์„œ ํœ˜๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์ด
08:38
which is boiling off volatile chemicals, little midges --
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๋“์–ด๋Œ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ์œ ํ˜น๋œ ํ˜นํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š”
08:40
and they get trapped underneath in this container.
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๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๊ฐ‡ํžˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ‡ํžŒ์ฑ„๋กœ
08:43
They drink this fabulous nectar
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์ด ํ™˜์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ฟ€๋“ค์„ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
08:46
and then they're all a bit sticky.
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์ž”๋œฉ ๋ˆ์ ํ•ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
08:48
At night they get covered in pollen,
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๋ฐค์ด ๋  ๋ฌด๋ ต์—๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒค์›Œํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด
08:51
which showers down over them,
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์Ÿ์•„์ ธ ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด ์“ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
08:53
and then the bristles that we saw above,
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์•„๊นŒ ๋ณด์•˜๋˜ ํ„ธ๋“ค์€,
08:55
they sort of wilt and allow all these midges out, covered in pollen --
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์‚ด์ง ๊ตฌ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์ ธ์„œ๋Š” ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด ์“ด ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ฃ .
08:58
fabulous thing.
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ํ™˜์ƒ์ ์ด์ฃ .
09:00
Now if you think that's fabulous, this is one of my great favorites.
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์ €๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
This is the philodendron selloum.
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ฐ€๋ž˜์žŽ ํ•„๋กœ๋ด๋“œ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
For anyone here from Brazil, you'll know about this plant.
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๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์—์„œ ์˜ค์‹  ๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด, ์ด๊ฑธ ์•„๋งˆ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
This is the most amazing thing.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์‹๋ฌผ์ด์—์š”.
09:11
That sort of phallic bit there
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์ €๊ธฐ์— ๋‚จ๊ทผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ธด ๊ฑด
09:13
is about a foot long.
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์•ฝ 30์„ผํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰๋˜์ฃ .
09:15
And it does something
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๊ฑด, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
09:17
that no other plant that I know of does,
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์–ด๋–ค ์‹๋ฌผ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
and that is that when it flowers --
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๊ทธ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋ž€, ์ € ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ๊ฝƒ์„ ํ”ผ์šธ ๋•Œ๋Š”
09:22
that's the spadix in the middle there --
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์ €๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฝƒ์ฐจ๋ก€์ธ๋ฐ,
09:24
for a period of about two days,
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์•ฝ 2์ผ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์€, ๋งˆ์น˜ ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜์™€
09:27
it metabolizes in a way
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๊ฐ™์€ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์ž‘์šฉ์„
09:29
which is rather similar to mammals.
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ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
So instead of having starch,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์Œ์‹์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
09:33
which is the food of plants,
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๋…น๋ง์„ ์„ญ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
09:35
it takes something rather similar to brown fat
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๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
09:37
and burns it at such a rate
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์ž‘์€ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ
09:39
that it's burning fat, metabolizing,
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๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์„ ํƒœ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ํ•œ๋งˆ๋””๋กœ
09:42
about the rate of a small cat.
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๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
And that's twice the energy output, weight for weight,
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์ด๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๋†“๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋ฒŒ์ƒˆ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜
09:48
than a hummingbird --
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๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:50
absolutely astonishing.
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜์ฃ .
09:52
This thing does something else which is unusual.
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์ด ์‹๋ฌผ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์™ธ์— ๋˜ ์‹ ๊ธฐํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
09:54
Not only will it raise itself to 115 Fahrenheit,
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๊ทธ 2์ผ๊ฐ„ ์ด ์‹๋ฌผ์€ ํ™”์”จ 115๋„, ์„ญ์”จ๋กœ๋Š” 43๋„์ฏค
09:57
43 or 44 degrees Centigrade, for two days,
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์œผ๋กœ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
10:00
but it keeps constant temperature.
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๊ทธ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
There's a thermoregulation mechanism in there
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์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์ž์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
10:05
that keeps constant temperature.
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์ฒด์˜จ ์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ธฐ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
10:07
"Now why does it do this," I hear you ask.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฑธ ์™œํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์•ผ? ์•„๋งˆ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
10:09
Now wouldn't you know it,
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์•„๋งˆ ์ด๊ฑด ๋ชจ๋ฅด์…จ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
10:11
there's some beetles that just love to make love at that temperature.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋”ฑ์ •๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋Š” ๋”ฑ ์ € ์ •๋„์˜ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–์ถฐ์ง„ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
10:15
And they get inside, and they get it all on.
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์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์„œ ์ € ๊ฝƒ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋‚œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
10:18
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:20
And the plant showers them with pollen,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฝƒ์€ ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ ์„ธ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
and off they go and pollinate.
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๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด, ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
10:25
And what a wonderful thing it is.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฉ‹์ง‘๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.
10:28
Now most pollinators
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ์ฒด๋Š”
10:31
that we think about are insects,
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๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
but actually in the tropics,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ •๊ธ€์†์—์„œ๋Š”
10:35
many birds and butterflies pollinate.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ƒˆ์™€ ๋‚˜๋น„๋“ค ๋˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์„ ๋•์ง€์š”.
10:38
And many of the tropical flowers are red,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ •๊ธ€์˜ ๊ฝƒ์€ ๋ถ‰์€ ์ƒ‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
and that's because butterflies and birds
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋น„์™€ ์ƒˆ๋“ค์€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—,
10:42
see similarly to us, we think,
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๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰์„ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž˜ ์‹๋ณ„
10:44
and can see the color red very well.
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
10:47
But if you look at the spectrum,
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์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ ๋ณด์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
10:50
birds and us, we see red, green and blue
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์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ƒˆ๋Š”, ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰, ๋…น์ƒ‰, ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰์„ ๋ณด์ฃ .
10:53
and see that spectrum.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ € ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
Insects see green, blue and ultraviolet,
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๊ณค์ถฉ์€ ๋…น์ƒ‰, ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž์™ธ์„ ์„ ๋ณด์ง€์š”.
10:57
and they see various shades of ultraviolet.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž์™ธ์„ ์ด ๋งบ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž๋„ ์ž˜ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
So there's something that goes on off the end there.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ € ์šฐ์ธก์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ‰ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ์ผ์ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:02
"And wouldn't it be great if we could somehow see what that is," I hear you ask.
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์ €๊ฒŒ ๋ญ”์ง€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ฐธ ์ข‹๊ฒ ๋„ค, ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์œผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
11:05
Well yes we can.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
So what is an insect seeing?
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๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
11:10
Last week I took these pictures of rock rose,
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์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ก๋กœ์ฆˆ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ช‡ ์žฅ ์ฐ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
helianthemum, in Dorset.
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Dorset ์—์„œ ์ด ํ—ฌ๋ฆฌ์˜ค์Šค๋ฅผ ์ฐ์—ˆ์ฃ .
11:14
These are little yellow flowers like we all see,
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์ด๊ฑด ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค ์‹œํ”ผ ์ž‘์€ ๋…ธ๋ž€ ๊ฝƒ์ด์ฃ .
11:17
little yellow flowers all over the place.
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์ด ์ž‘์€ ๊ฝƒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:19
And this is what it looks like with visible light.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ด‘์„  ์•„๋ž˜์„œ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
This is what it looks like if you take out the red.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด์ฃ .
11:25
Most bees don't perceive red.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฒŒ๋“ค์€ ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰์„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
And then I put some ultraviolet filters on my camera
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž์™ธ์„  ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์— ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•ด์„œ,
11:32
and took a very, very long exposure
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๋…ธ์ถœ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋งค์šฐ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ์—
11:35
with the particular frequencies of ultraviolet light
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ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ž์™ธ์„ ์„ ์žก์•˜๊ณ 
11:38
and this is what I got.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
And that's a real fantastic bull's eye.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ณผ๋…์˜ ์ •์ค‘์•™์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
11:43
Now we don't know
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฒŒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋Š”์ง€
11:45
exactly what a bee sees,
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
any more than you know what I'm seeing
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋Š” ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
11:49
when I call this red.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฑธ ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
11:52
We can't know what's going on in -- let alone an insect's --
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ . ์ด๋Ÿด์ง„๋ฐ
11:55
another human being's mind.
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ํ•˜๋ฌผ๋ฉฐ ๊ณค์ถฉ์ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ฒ ์ฃ .
11:58
But the contrast will look something like that,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์˜ ๋Œ€์กฐ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ ์ด๋Ÿด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:02
so standing out a lot from the background.
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๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋„๋“œ๋ผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”
12:04
Here's another little flower --
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฝƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
different range of ultraviolet frequencies,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž์™ธ์„  ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์— ๋งž์ถฐ
12:09
different filters
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ 
12:11
to match the pollinators.
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๋งค๊ฐœ์ฒด์˜ ์‹œ์•ผ์™€ ๋งž์ถฐ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
And that's the sort of thing that it would be seeing.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์•„๋งˆ ์ €๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ์–‘์ด ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
12:16
Just in case you think
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ๋ž€์ƒ‰์˜ ๊ฝƒ์€ ์ €๋ ‡๊ตฌ๋‚˜
12:18
that all yellow flowers have this property --
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๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•ด์„œ...
12:21
no flower was damaged in the process of this shot;
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ดฌ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฝƒ๋„ ์†์ƒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:24
it was just attached to the tripod,
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์‚ผ๊ฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๊ณ ์ •์‹œ์ผœ ๋†“์€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
12:27
not killed --
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์ฃฝ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”...
12:29
then under ultraviolet light,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž์™ธ์„ ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ,
12:31
look at that.
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๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
12:33
And that could be the basis of a sunscreen
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์ €๊ฑด ์„ ํฌ๋ฆผ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:35
because sunscreens work by absorbing ultraviolet light.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์„ ํฌ๋ฆผ์€ ์ž์™ธ์„ ์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
12:37
So maybe the chemical in that would be useful.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„๋งˆ ์ €๋Ÿฐ ํ™”ํ•™์„ฑ๋ถ„์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
Finally, there's one of evening primrose
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ฑด ๋‹ฌ๋งž์ด๊ฝƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
that Bjorn Rorslett from Norway sent me --
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๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด์˜ Bjorn Rorslett ์”จ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋‚ด์™”์ฃ .
12:46
fantastic hidden pattern.
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์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌด๋Šฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ํ™˜์ƒ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
And I love the idea of something hidden.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ข‹์•„์š”.
12:50
I think there's something poetic here,
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ž–์•„์š”.
12:52
that these pictures taken with ultraviolet filter,
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค๋„ ์ž์™ธ์„  ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฐ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
12:55
the main use of that filter
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๊ทธ ํ•„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ฃผ์šฉ๋„๋Š”
12:57
is for astronomers to take pictures of Venus --
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์ฃผ๋กœ ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ธˆ์„ฑ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„
13:00
actually the clouds of Venus.
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ๋Š” ๊ธˆ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์„ ์ฐ์„ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ์ฃ .
13:03
That's the main use of that filter.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ ์šฉ๋„์ธ๋ฐ, ๊ธˆ์„ฑ์€
13:05
Venus, of course, is the god of love and fertility,
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๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๊ณผ ์ƒ์‹์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์ด๊ณ ,
13:08
which is the flower story.
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๊ฝƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
13:10
And just as flowers spend a lot of effort
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฝƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ ๋งค๊ฐœ์ฒด๋“ค์ด
13:12
trying to get pollinators to do their bidding,
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์ˆ˜๋ถ„์„ ๊ฝƒ์„ ๋Œ€์‹  ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•จ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด
13:15
they've also somehow managed to persuade us to plant great fields full of them
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๋ฒŒํŒ์„ ์ „๋ถ€ ๊ฝƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฑ„์šธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์‹ฌ๊ณ ๋Š”
13:18
and give them to each other
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ํƒ„์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
13:20
at times of birth and death,
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ํŠนํžˆ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฝƒ์„
13:24
and particularly at marriage,
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์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ›๋„๋ก ์„ค๋“์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
13:26
which, when you think of it,
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๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฑด ํŠนํžˆ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ
13:28
is the moment that encapsulates
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์ž˜ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์œ ์ „์  ํ˜•์งˆ์„
13:30
the transfer of genetic material
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์—๊ฒŒ
13:33
from one organism to another.
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์ „๋‹ฌ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
13:35
Thank you very much.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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