Want to be happier? Stay in the moment | Matt Killingsworth

794,029 views ・ 2012-11-05

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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λ²ˆμ—­: K Bang κ²€ν† : Sanghun Byeon
00:16
So, people want a lot of things out of life,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μΈμƒμ—μ„œ λ§Žμ€κ±Έ μ›ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ,
00:18
but I think, more than anything else, they want happiness.
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제 μƒκ°μ—λŠ” 무엇보닀도 행볡을 μ›ν•˜λŠ” 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:22
Aristotle called happiness "the chief good," the end
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μ•„λ¦¬μŠ€ν† ν…”λ ˆμŠ€λŠ” 행볡을 "제1의 μ„ (ε–„)이라고 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:26
towards which all other things aim.
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ꢁ극적으둜 λ‹€λ₯Έ λͺ¨λ“  것듀이 λ„λ‹¬ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ” λͺ©ν‘œ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:29
According to this view, the reason we want a big house
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이 관점에 μ˜ν•˜λ©΄, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 큰 μ§‘μ΄λ‚˜
00:34
or a nice car
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쒋은 μ°¨,
00:37
or a good job
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쒋은 직μž₯을 μ›ν•˜λŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ”
00:39
isn't that these things are intrinsically valuable.
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이런 것듀에 본질적인 κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ,
00:42
It's that we expect them to bring us
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ΄λŸ°κ²ƒλ“€μ΄ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 행볡을 κ°€μ Έλ‹€ 주리라고
00:44
happiness.
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κΈ°λŒ€ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ 
00:45
Now in the last 50 years, we Americans have gotten
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μ§€λ‚œ 50λ…„κ°„, 우리 미ꡭ인듀은
00:48
a lot of the things that we want. We're richer.
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μ›ν•˜λŠ” 것을 많이 κ°€μ§€κ²Œ λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 더 λΆ€μœ ν•΄μ‘Œκ³ ,
00:50
We live longer. We have access to technology
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더 였래 μ‚½λ‹ˆλ‹€. λͺ‡ λ…„μ „λ§Œ 해도
00:53
that would have seemed like science fiction
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곡상과학 μ†Œμ„€μ—λ‚˜ λ‚˜μ˜¬λ²•ν•œ κΈ°μˆ μ„
00:55
just a few years ago.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ§€κΈˆ 가지고 있죠
00:58
The paradox of happiness is that even though the
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그런데 ν–‰λ³΅μ˜ λͺ¨μˆœμ€ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:00
objective conditions of our lives have improved dramatically,
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κ°κ΄€μ μœΌλ‘œ 봀을 λ•Œ, μ‚Άμ˜ μˆ˜μ€€μ΄ 많이 μ˜¬λΌκ°”μ§€λ§Œ,
01:03
we haven't actually gotten any happier.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 더 ν–‰λ³΅ν•΄ν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:07
Maybe because these conventional notions of progress
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μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ "λ°œμ „"의 일반적 κ°œλ…μ΄
01:09
haven't delivered big benefits in terms of happiness,
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ν–‰λ³΅μ΄λž€ 것에 λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ 증진을 κ°€μ Έμ˜€μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—,
01:12
there's been an increased interest in recent years
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졜근 λͺ‡ 년간에 행볡 κ·Έ μžμ²΄μ— λŒ€ν•œ
01:14
in happiness itself.
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관심이 더 λ§Žμ•„μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:17
People have been debating the causes of happiness
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ ν–‰λ³΅μ˜ 원인에 λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ 였랜 κΈ°κ°„λ™μ•ˆ
01:19
for a really long time, in fact for thousands of years,
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ν† λ‘ ν•΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ 사싀 수 μ²œλ…„κ°„ κ·Έλž˜μ™”μ£ 
01:21
but it seems like many of those debates remain unresolved.
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ λŒ€λ‹€μˆ˜μ˜ 이런 토둠듀은 결둠을 λ„μΆœν•΄λ‚΄μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:25
Well, as with many other domains in life, I think
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μ‚Άμ˜ λ§Žμ€ λ‹€λ₯Έ λΆ€λΆ„λ“€κ³Ό 같이, μ €λŠ” 과학적인 접근을 톡해
01:27
the scientific method has the potential to answer this question.
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이 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λ‹΅ν• μˆ˜ μžˆλŠ” κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:30
In fact, in the last few years, there's been an explosion
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ§€λ‚œ λͺ‡ λ…„λ™μ•ˆ, 행볡에 κ΄€ν•œ 연ꡬ가
01:32
in research on happiness. For example, we've learned a lot
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폭발적으둜 λ§Žμ•„μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 행볡에 λŒ€ν•œ 톡계 μžλ£Œλ„
01:35
about its demographics, how things like income
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많이 μ•Œκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ—°λ΄‰μ΄λ‚˜ ꡐ윑, 성별, 그리고
01:38
and education, gender and marriage relate to it.
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결혼이 행볡에 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 관계가 μžˆλŠ”μ§€μ™€ 같은 것듀 말이죠
01:42
But one of the puzzles this has revealed is that
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그런데 이 μžλ£Œλ“€μ΄ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚Έ 수수께끼 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”
01:44
factors like these don't seem to have a particularly strong effect.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μš”μΈλ“€μ΄ νŠΉλ³„νžˆ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:47
Yes, it's better to make more money rather than less,
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λ„€, λˆμ„ 더 λ²„λŠ” 것이 덜 λ²„λŠ”κ²ƒλ³΄λ‹€ λ‚«κ³ ,
01:49
or to graduate from college instead of dropping out,
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λŒ€ν•™μ—μ„œ μ‘Έμ—…ν•˜λŠ”κ²Œ μ€‘ν‡΄ν•˜λŠ” 것보닀 λ‚«μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:52
but the differences in happiness tend to be small.
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ ν–‰λ³΅μ˜ μ •λ„μ—λŠ” λ³„λ‘œ 차이가 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:55
Which leaves the question, what are the big causes of happiness?
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그러면, 'ν–‰λ³΅μ˜ 원인이 무엇인가?' λΌλŠ” 질문이 λ‚¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:59
I think that's a question we haven't really answered yet,
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μ €λŠ” 이런 의문이 아직은 λͺ…ν™•ν•œ 닡을 얻지 λͺ»ν–ˆμœΌλ‚˜
02:01
but I think something that has the potential to be an answer
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닡이 λ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλŠ” 무언가가 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:04
is that maybe happiness has an awful lot to do with
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μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ 행볡은 μˆœκ°„ μˆœκ°„μ˜ κ²½ν—˜κ³Ό
02:07
the contents of our moment-to-moment experiences.
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λ°€μ ‘ν•œ 관계가 μžˆμ„μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:09
It certainly seems that we're going about our lives,
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œλ„ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 삢을 μ‚΄λ©΄μ„œ
02:11
that what we're doing, who we're with, what we're thinking about,
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무엇을 ν•˜κ³ , λˆ„κ΅¬μ™€ 있고, 무슨 생각을 ν•˜λŠ”μ§€κ°€
02:15
have a big influence on our happiness, and yet
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우리의 행볡에 큰 영ν–₯을 μ£ΌλŠ” 것 κ°™μ§€λ§Œ,
02:18
these are the very factors that have been very difficult,
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κ·Έ μš”μΈλ“€μ€ κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ΄ μΈ‘μ •ν•˜κΈ° νž˜λ“ 
02:20
in fact almost impossible, for scientists to study.
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μ•„λ‹ˆ 사싀상 거의 μΈ‘μ • λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•œ κ²ƒλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
A few years ago, I came up with a way to study people's happiness
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λͺ‡ λ…„ 전에, μ €λŠ” μ „ 세계 μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 맀일 삢을 μ˜μœ„ν•΄ λ‚˜κ°ˆ λ•Œ,
02:25
moment to moment as they're going about their daily lives
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μˆœκ°„ μˆœκ°„ μ–»λŠ” 행볡을 κ±°μ‹œμ μΈ κ΄€μ μœΌλ‘œ
02:28
on a massive scale all over the world, something we'd never
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연ꡬ할 방법을 μ°Ύμ•˜λŠ”λ°, μ΄λŠ” μ˜ˆμ „ κ°™μœΌλ©΄
02:31
been able to do before. Called trackyourhappiness.org,
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μ ˆλŒ€λ‘œ λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•œ λ°©λ²•μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ trackyourhappiness.org λΌλŠ” 이름을 가진 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈμΈλ°,
02:33
it uses the iPhone to monitor people's happiness in real time.
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이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈμ—μ„œλŠ” 아이폰을 톡해 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 행볡을 μ‹€μ‹œκ°„μœΌλ‘œ μΈ‘μ •ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:38
How does this work? Basically, I send people signals
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이게 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ˜λƒκ΅¬μš”? μ €λŠ”
02:40
at random points throughout the day, and then I ask them
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ ν•˜λ£¨ 쀑 아무 λ•Œλ‚˜ μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό 보낸 λ‹€μŒ, κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ
02:43
a bunch of questions about their moment-to-moment experience
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μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό λ°›κΈ° μ „ μˆœκ°„μ˜ μˆœκ°„μ  κ²½ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄
02:45
at the instant just before the signal.
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λ§Žμ€ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:48
The idea is that, if we can watch how people's happiness
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μ•„μ΄λ””μ–΄λŠ”, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ 행볡이
02:50
goes up and down over the course of the day,
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ν•˜λ£¨λ₯Ό 톡해 μˆœκ°„λ§ˆλ‹€
02:53
minute to minute in some cases,
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μ¦κ°ν•˜λŠ” 것을 κ΄€μ°°ν•˜κ³ 
02:55
and try to understand how what people are doing,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 무엇을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€,
02:57
who they're with, what they're thinking about, and all
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λˆ„κ΅¬μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ 있고, 무슨 생각을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€,
03:00
the other factors that describe our day, how those might
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ν•˜λ£¨λ₯Ό νŠΉμ •μ§€μ„ λ‹€λ₯Έ μš”μ†Œλ“€μ΄
03:02
relate to those changes in happiness, we might be able
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ν–‰λ³΅μ˜ 변화에 μ–΄λ–€ 관계λ₯Ό κ°€μ‘ŒλŠ”μ§€ 이해할 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄,
03:05
to discover some of the things that really have
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행볡에 큰 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 것듀을
03:06
a big influence on happiness.
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λ°œκ²¬ν•  수 μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ„κΉŒ μ‹Άμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:09
We've been fortunate with this project to collect
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ₯Ό μ§„ν–‰ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ λ§Žμ€ 정보λ₯Ό,
03:11
quite a lot of data, a lot more data of this kind than I think
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μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ 사상 μ΅œλŒ€ 규λͺ¨λ‘œ 행볡에 κ΄€λ ¨λœ 정보λ₯Ό λͺ¨μ„ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:14
has ever been collected before,
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15,000λͺ…이 λ„˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ
03:16
over 650,000 real-time reports
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650,000 개 μ΄μƒμ˜
03:19
from over 15,000 people.
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μ‹€μ‹œκ°„ 자료λ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:22
And it's not just a lot of people, it's a really diverse group,
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μ‚¬λžŒ 수만 λ§Žμ€ 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ, 정말 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:25
people from a wide range of ages, from 18 to late 80s,
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18μ„Έμ—μ„œ 80λŒ€ ν›„λ°˜μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€,
03:28
a wide range of incomes, education levels,
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μˆ˜μž… μˆ˜μ€€, ꡐ윑 정도,
03:31
people who are married, divorced, widowed, etc.
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기혼자, 미혼자, μ‚¬λ³„μž λ“±μ—κ²Œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν–ˆμ£ 
03:34
They collectively represent every one of
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그듀을 λͺ¨λ‘ ν•©ν•˜λ©΄ 86개의 직업 λΆ„λ₯˜λ₯Ό λŒ€ν‘œν•˜κ³ ,
03:37
86 occupational categories and hail from over 80 countries.
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80개ꡭ이 λ„˜λŠ” ꡭ적을 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:41
What I'd like to do with the rest of my time with you today
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남은 μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ μ œκ°€ ν•˜κ³  싢은 것은
03:44
is talk a little bit about one of the areas that we've been
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜κ³  있던 μ˜μ—­μ€‘ ν•˜λ‚˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄
03:46
investigating, and that's mind-wandering.
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μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” 것인데, 그건 λ°”λ‘œ "딴생각(mind-wandering)"'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:50
As human beings, we have this unique ability
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μš°λ¦¬λ“€μ€ 인간이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— ν˜„μ‹€μ—μ„œ 정신이
03:52
to have our minds stray away from the present.
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λ°©λž‘ν•΄μ„œ λ”΄ 데둜 샐 λ•Œκ°€ 있죠
03:55
This guy is sitting here working on his computer,
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μ–΄λ–€ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 컴퓨터λ₯Ό 가지고 μΌν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
03:57
and yet he could be thinking about
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λ™μ‹œμ— μ§€λ‚œ 달에 κ°„ νœ΄κ°€ 생각을
03:58
the vacation he had last month,
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ν•  수 μžˆμ„μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ₯΄κ³ ,
04:01
wondering what he's going to have for dinner.
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μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ μ €λ…μœΌλ‘œ 뭘 먹을지 μƒκ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ„ μˆ˜λ„ 있죠
04:03
Maybe he's worried that he's going bald. (Laughter)
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νƒˆλͺ¨κ°€ μ§„ν–‰λ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  κ±±μ •ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆκ³ μš” (μ›ƒμŒ)
04:06
This ability to focus our attention on something other
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우리의 정신을 ν˜„μž¬κ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 곳에
04:09
than the present is really amazing. It allows us to learn
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집쀑할 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것은 λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ μ΄κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 인해 μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
04:12
and plan and reason in ways that no other species of animal can.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 동물은 μ „ν˜€ ν•  수 μ—†λŠ” λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ κ³„νšν•˜κ³  μΆ”λ‘ ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
And yet it's not clear what the relationship is
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그런데 ν‰μƒμ‹œ 우리의 λŠ₯λ ₯κ³Ό
04:19
between our use of this ability and our happiness.
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행볡 사이에 μ–΄λ–€ 관계가 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ λͺ…ν™•ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:23
You've probably heard people suggest that you should
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ•„λ§ˆ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„°
04:25
stay focused on the present. "Be here now,"
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ν˜„μ‹€μ— μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜λΌλŠ” 말을 듀은 적이 μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€ 'ν˜„μ‹€μ— 집쀑해'λΌλŠ” 말 같은거죠,
04:28
you've probably heard a hundred times.
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μ•„λ§ˆ 수백번 μ―€ λ“€μœΌμ…¨κ² μ£ .
04:29
Maybe, to really be happy, we need to stay completely
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참으둜 ν–‰λ³΅ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν˜„μž¬μ—
04:32
immersed and focused on our experience in the moment.
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μ™„μ „νžˆ λͺ°λ‘ν•˜κ³  μ§€κΈˆμ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ— 집쀑해야 ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:35
Maybe these people are right. Maybe mind-wandering
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이 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ˜³μ„ 수 μžˆμ–΄μš” '딴생각'μ΄λΌλŠ” 것이
04:37
is a bad thing.
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λ‚˜μœ 것일 지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:39
On the other hand, when our minds wander,
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λ°˜λ©΄μ— μš°λ¦¬κ°€ '딴생각'을 ν•  λ•Œλ©΄
04:41
they're unconstrained. We can't change the physical reality
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정신이 μžμœ λ‘œμ›Œμ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€ 눈 μ•žμ˜ ν˜„μ‹€μ„ λ°”κΏ€ μˆ˜λŠ” 없어도,
04:44
in front of us, but we can go anywhere in our minds.
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마음의 μƒμƒμœΌλ‘œλŠ” μ–΄λ””λ“  갈 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:47
Since we know people want to be happy, maybe
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ ν–‰λ³΅ν•˜κΈΈ μ›ν•œλ‹€λŠ”κ±Έ μ•Œκ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
04:49
when our minds wander, they're going to someplace happier than the place
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우리의 마음이 μ˜€λ½κ°€λ½ ν•  λ•Œ, ν˜„μ‹€λ³΄λ‹€
04:52
that they're leaving. It would make a lot of sense.
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λ§ˆμ•„λ„ ν–‰λ³΅ν•œ 곳으둜 κ°€λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄κ² μ§€μš”. 이건 μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μžˆλŠ” μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:54
In other words, maybe the pleasures of the mind
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μžλ©΄, λ§ˆμŒμ†μ˜ 즐거움은
04:56
allow us to increase our happiness with mind-wandering.
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딴생각을 톡해 우리의 행볡을 μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚€κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:00
Well, since I'm a scientist, I'd like to try to
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μ €λŠ” κ³Όν•™μžμ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—, 이 λ…Όλž€μ„
05:02
resolve this debate with some data, and in particular
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μžλ£Œλ“€λ‘œ ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ 특히, Track Your Happiness의
05:05
I'd like to present some data to you from three questions
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μ°Έκ°€μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ 던쑌던 세가지 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€ν•œ 자료λ₯Ό
05:07
that I ask with Track Your Happiness. Remember, this is from
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λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ λͺ…μ‹¬ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€, 이것은
05:09
sort of moment-to-moment experience in people's real lives.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 가진 μˆœκ°„ μˆœκ°„μ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ„ μˆœκ°„μ— 따라 ν¬μ°©ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:12
There are three questions. The first one is a happiness question:
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μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ 총 세가지 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ²«λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” 행볡에 κ΄€ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:15
How do you feel, on a scale ranging from very bad
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μ§€κΈˆ 기뢄이 '맀우 μ•ˆ μ’‹μŒ'μ—μ„œ '맀우 μ’‹μŒ'κΉŒμ§€ κ°€μš΄λ°
05:18
to very good? Second, an activity question:
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μ–΄λŠ 것에 ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜λ‚˜μš”? λ‘˜μ§ΈλŠ”, ν™œλ™μ— κ΄€ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:22
What are you doing, on a list of 22 different activities
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"식사", "일", "TV μ‹œμ²­" λ“±
05:25
including things like eating and working and watching TV?
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22가지 ν™œλ™ μ€‘μ—μ„œ μ–΄λ–€ 것을 ν•˜κ³  κ³„μ‹ κ°€μš”?
05:28
And finally a mind-wandering question:
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ, '딴생각'에 κ΄€ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:31
Are you thinking about something other
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ν˜„μž¬ 당신은 μ§€κΈˆ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” ν™œλ™κ³Ό
05:34
than what you're currently doing?
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 생각을 ν•˜κ³  κ³„μ‹ κ°€μš”?
05:37
People could say no -- in other words, I'm focused only on my task --
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 'μ•„λ‹ˆμ˜€', 즉 'ν˜„μž¬ λ‚˜λŠ” μ§€κΈˆ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” ν™œλ™μ—
05:40
or yes -- I am thinking about something else --
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집쀑해 μžˆλ‹€', ν˜Ήμ€ '예', ' μ§€κΈˆ λ‹€λ₯Έ 생각을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€' 라고
05:43
and the topic of those thoughts are pleasant,
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λ‹΅ν•  수 있고, 그런 μƒκ°μ˜ μ£Όμ œκ°€ 즐거운 것인지,
05:45
neutral or unpleasant.
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κ·Έλƒ₯ 생각인지, μ•ˆ 쒋은 μƒκ°μΈμ§€λ‘œ λ‹΅ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:47
Any of those yes responses are what we called mind-wandering.
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"예"라고 λŒ€λ‹΅ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λͺ¨λ‘ "딴생각"을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ •μ˜ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:52
So what did we find?
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ–΄λ–€ κ²°κ³Όκ°€ λ‚˜μ™”μ„κΉŒμš”?
05:54
This graph shows happiness on the vertical axis,
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이 κ·Έλž˜ν”„μ—μ„œ y좕은 ν–‰λ³΅ν•œ 정도λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄κ³  있고,
05:57
and you can see that bar there representing how happy
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μ € λ§‰λŒ€λŠ” ν˜„μž¬μ— μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜κ³  μžˆκ±°λ‚˜
05:59
people are when they're focused on the present,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 심적 λ°©λž‘μ„ ν•˜κ³ μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ„ λ•Œμ˜
06:00
when they're not mind-wandering.
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ν–‰λ³΅ν•œ 정도λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:02
As it turns out, people are substantially less happy
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λ³΄μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό, '딴생각'을
06:06
when their minds are wandering than when they're not.
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ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ„ λ•Œκ°€ 훨씬 행볡함이 λœν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:11
Now you might look at this result and say, okay, sure,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 이 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 보고, 'κ·Έλž˜μš”, λ³΄ν†΅μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒμ€
06:13
on average people are less happy when they're mind-wandering,
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'딴생각'을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ„ λ•Œ 보톡 덜 ν–‰λ³΅ν•œκ°€λ³΄μ£ .
06:16
but surely when their minds are straying away
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ 그듀이 λ³„λ‘œ 즐겁지 μ•Šμ€ 일을 ν•΄μ„œ
06:17
from something that wasn't very enjoyable to begin with,
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마음이 λ”΄ 길둜 샐 λ•Œ,
06:20
at least then mind-wandering should be doing something good for us.
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μ΅œμ†Œν•œ 딴생각을 ν•˜λ©΄ 그건 쒋은 일이죠.' 라고 ν•˜μ‹€μ§€ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:23
Nope. As it turns out,
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μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€. 차트λ₯Ό λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄,
06:26
people are less happy when they're mind-wandering
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ '딴생각'을 ν•  λ•Œ 항상 덜 행볡해 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:28
no matter what they're doing. For example,
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μ§€κΈˆ 무엇을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ“ μ§€ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ 예λ₯Ό λ“€μžλ©΄,
06:31
people don't really like commuting to work very much.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 톡근을 λ³„λ‘œ μ•ˆ μ’‹μ•„ν•΄μš”
06:33
It's one of their least enjoyable activities, and yet
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κ°€μž₯ μž¬λ―Έμ—†μ–΄ ν•˜λŠ” ν™œλ™ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ§€λ§Œ,
06:36
they are substantially happier when they're focused
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 생각을 ν•˜λ©° 톡근할 λ•Œ 보닀
06:38
only on their commute than when their mind is going
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νšŒμ‚¬κ°€λŠ” 일에 집쀑할 λ•Œ
06:41
off to something else.
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더 행볡해 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:44
It's amazing.
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λ†€λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:45
So how could this be happening? I think part of the reason,
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이게 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λœκ±ΈκΉŒμš”? 제 μƒκ°μ—λŠ” κ·Έ μ΄μœ κ°€,
06:49
a big part of the reason, is that when our minds wander,
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κ°€μž₯ 큰 원인이 '딴생각'을 ν•˜κ²Œ 되면,
06:52
we often think about unpleasant things, and they are
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ³„λ‘œ 즐겁지 μ•Šμ€ 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μƒκ°ν•˜κ³ , 그럴 λ•Œ
06:54
enormously less happy when they do that,
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μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²ŒλŠ” 훨씬 행볡이 λœν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:58
our worries, our anxieties, our regrets,
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κ±±μ •, λΆˆμ•ˆ, ν›„νšŒλ₯Ό λ˜μƒˆκΈ°λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”
07:01
and yet even when people are thinking about something
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심지어 κ·Έμ € 그런 생각에 λΉ μ Έ μžˆμ–΄λ„
07:04
neutral, they're still considerably less happy
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'딴생각'을 μ „ν˜€ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ„ λ•Œ 보닀
07:07
than when they're not mind-wandering at all.
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덜 행볡해 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:09
Even when they're thinking about something they would describe as pleasant,
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μ‹¬μ§€μ–΄λŠ” μžμ‹ μ΄ 즐거운 생각을 해도
07:11
they're actually just slightly less happy
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νšŒμ‚¬κ°€λŠ” 일에 μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ„ λ•Œλ³΄λ‹€
07:14
than when they aren't mind-wandering.
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μ•„μ£Ό 쑰금 덜 행볡해 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:17
If mind-wandering were a slot machine, it would be like
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λ§Œμ•½ '딴생각'이 슬둯 머신이라면
07:19
having the chance to lose 50 dollars, 20 dollars
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그건 50λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό μžƒλ“ μ§€, 20λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό μžƒλ“ μ§€,
07:22
or one dollar. Right? You'd never want to play. (Laughter)
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ν˜Ήμ€ 1λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό μžƒλŠ” 것과 같을 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그런데, 저라면 μ•ˆ ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ (μ›ƒμŒ)
07:28
So I've been talking about this, suggesting, perhaps,
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μ œκ°€ ν•˜λŠ” 이야기가 '딴생각'이 λΆˆν–‰μ„ μœ λ°œν•œλ‹€λŠ” 듯이
07:31
that mind-wandering causes unhappiness, but all
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듀릴 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆκ² μ§€λ§Œ, 사싀
07:34
I've really shown you is that these two things are correlated.
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μ œκ°€ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦° 것은 단지 κ·Έ 두 가지가 μ—°κ΄€λλ‹€λΌλŠ” 것 λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:36
It's possible that's the case, but it might also be the case
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'딴생각'을 ν•˜λ©΄ λΆˆν–‰ν•΄μ§ˆ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ, μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄
07:39
that when people are unhappy, then they mind-wander.
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λΆˆν–‰ν•  λ•Œ, '딴생각'을 ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜λŠ”μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:42
Maybe that's what's really going on. How could we ever
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그게 μ§„μ§œ 사싀이라면 μ–΄λ–‘ν• κΉŒμš”? μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ
07:44
disentangle these two possibilites?
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이 두 κ°€μ§€μ˜ 쑰건을 κ΅¬λΆ„ν•΄λ‚ΌκΉŒμš”?
07:47
Well, one fact that we can take advantage of, I think a fact
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일단 우리 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ μ „μ œλ‘œ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 점 ν•˜λ‚˜κ°€
07:49
you'll all agree is true, is that time goes forward, not
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μ‹œκ°„μ€ λ’€κ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ μ•žμœΌλ‘œ 흐λ₯Έλ‹€λŠ” κ±°κ² μ£ 
07:52
backward. Right? The cause has to come before the effect.
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κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ? 원인이 결과에 μ•žμ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:56
We're lucky in this data we have many responses from each person,
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λ‹€ν–‰νžˆλ„ μ°Έκ°€μžμ˜ λŒ€λ‹΅μ΄ 많기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
08:00
and so we can look and see, does mind-wandering
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'딴생각'이 λΆˆν–‰μ— μ•žμ„œλŠ”μ§€,
08:03
tend to precede unhappiness, or does unhappiness
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ λΆˆν–‰μ΄ '딴생각'에 μ•žμ„œλŠ”μ§€
08:05
tend to precede mind-wandering, to get some insight
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인과 관계λ₯Ό 톡해 μš”μ μ„
08:08
into the causal direction.
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νŒŒμ•…ν•΄ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:10
As it turns out, there is a strong relationship between
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결과적으둜, 'μ§€κΈˆ '딴생각'을 ν•˜λ©΄
08:13
mind-wandering now and being unhappy a short time later,
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κ·Έ 뒀에 λΆˆν–‰ν•΄μ§„λ‹€'의 μ—°κ΄€ 관계가 κ°•ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:17
consistent with the idea that mind-wandering is causing people to be unhappy.
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'딴생각'이 μ‚¬λžŒμ„ λΆˆν–‰ν•˜κ²Œ ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 가섀에 μΌμΉ˜ν•˜μ£ 
08:20
In contrast, there's no relationship between being unhappy
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그에 λΉ„ν•΄ μ§€κΈˆ λΆˆν–‰ν•˜λ―€λ‘œ 쑰금 λ’€μ—λŠ”
08:24
now and mind-wandering a short time later.
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'딴생각'을 ν•˜κ²Œ λœλ‹€λŠ”κ²ƒμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ—°κ΄€ κ΄€κ³„λŠ” μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:27
In other words, mind-wandering very likely seems to be
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μžλ©΄, μ •λ§λ‘œ '딴생각'은
08:29
an actual cause, and not merely a consequence, of unhappiness.
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λΆˆν–‰μ˜ κ²°κ³Όκ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ 원인인듯 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:35
A few minutes ago, I likened mind-wandering
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λͺ‡λΆ„ 전에, μ €λŠ” '딴생각'ν•˜λŠ” 것을
08:37
to a slot machine you'd never want to play.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ ˆλŒ€λ‘œ ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” μŠ¬λ‘―λ¨Έμ‹ μ— λΉ„μœ ν–‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:39
Well, how often do people's minds wander?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄, μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ '딴생각'을 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 자주 ν• κΉŒμš”?
08:42
Turns out, they wander a lot. In fact, really a lot.
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κ½€ 많이 ν•˜λŠ” 것 κ°™λ”κ΅°μš”. 사싀은 정말 많이 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:46
Forty-seven percent of the time, people are thinking
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47%의 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
08:49
about something other than what they're currently doing.
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ν˜„μž¬ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”κ²ƒμ΄ μ•„λ‹Œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μƒκ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:52
How does that depend on what people are doing?
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κ·Έ μˆ˜κ°€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 무엇을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€μ— 따라 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ‹€λ₯ΌκΉŒμš”?
08:55
This shows the rate of mind-wandering across 22 activities
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이 μ°¨νŠΈλŠ” 22가지 ν™œλ™μ„ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ„ λ•Œ, μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ κ°–λŠ” '딴생각'의 λΉˆλ„λ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ”λ°μš”
08:57
ranging from a high of 65 percent β€” (Laughter) β€”
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졜고둜 65%κ°€ -- (μ›ƒμŒ) --
09:01
when people are taking a shower, brushing their teeth,
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μƒ€μ›Œλ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ„ λ•Œ, λ˜λŠ” μ–‘μΉ˜μ§ˆν•  λ•Œ '딴생각'을 ν•˜κ³ μš”,
09:04
to 50 percent when they're working,
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일할 λ•Œ 50%,
09:07
to 40 percent when they're exercising,
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μš΄λ™ν•  λ•Œ 40%,
09:10
all the way down to this one short bar on the right
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그리고 맨 끝의 이 짧은 λ§‰λŒ€κΈ°κ°€ μžˆλŠ”λ°
09:12
that I think some of you are probably laughing at.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄ μ•„λ§ˆλ„ μ›ƒμœΌμ‹€ κ±°μ—μš”.
09:14
Ten percent of the time people's minds are wandering
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전체 κ²½μš°μ€‘ 10%의 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
09:16
when they're having sex. (Laughter)
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μ„ΉμŠ€ν•  λ•Œ '딴생각'을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. (μ›ƒμŒ)
09:21
But there's something I think that's quite interesting in this graph,
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그런데 이 κ·Έλž˜ν”„μ— ν•œκ°€μ§€ ν₯미둜운게 μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”,
09:24
and that is, basically with one exception,
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그것은 ν•œ 가지 경우λ₯Ό μ œμ™Έν•˜κ³ λŠ”
09:27
no matter what people are doing, they're mind-wandering
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 뭘 ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ“  μ•½ 30%씩은 '딴생각'을
09:29
at least 30 percent of the time, which suggests, I think,
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ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±΄λ°μš”, 그것이 μ‹œμ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” λ°”λŠ”
09:32
that mind-wandering isn't just frequent, it's ubiquitous.
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''딴생각'은 흔할 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μ–΄λ””μ—λ‚˜ μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€.' μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:35
It pervades basically everything that we do.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  것에 μŠ€λ©°λ“€μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:39
In my talk today, I've told you a little bit about mind-wandering,
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였늘 이야기λ₯Ό ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ '딴생각'에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ§ν•΄λ“œλ ΈλŠ”λ°μš”,
09:42
a variable that I think turns out to be fairly important
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μ €λŠ” 그것이 ν–‰λ³΅μ˜ 곡식에 κ½€ μ€‘μš”ν•œ
09:44
in the equation for happiness.
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역할을 ν•˜λŠ” λ³€μˆ˜λΌκ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:46
My hope is that over time, by tracking people's
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제 λ°”λž¨μ€ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ§€λ‚˜λ©΄μ„œ, μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜
09:48
moment-to-moment happiness and their experiences
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μˆœκ°„ μˆœκ°„μ˜ 행볡과 맀일의 κ²½ν—˜μ„ 좔적해보면,
09:51
in daily life, we'll be able to uncover a lot of important causes of happiness,
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μš°λ¦¬λ“€μ΄ ν–‰λ³΅μ˜ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μš”μΈλ“€μ„ 많이 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κ³ ,
09:54
and then in the end, a scientific understanding of happiness
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κ²°κ΅­μ—λŠ” 행볡에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ κ³Όν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ μ΄ν•΄ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
09:57
will help us create a future that's not only richer
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μš°λ¦¬λ“€μ΄ ν’μš”λ‘œμšΈ 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 더 κ±΄κ°•ν•˜κ³ ,
10:00
and healthier, but happier as well.
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ν–‰λ³΅ν•œ 미래λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€ 수 있게 되기λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€
10:03
Thank you. (Applause)
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. (λ°•μˆ˜)
10:06
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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