Lesley Hazleton: The doubt essential to faith

380,213 views ใƒป 2013-06-24

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Priscilla Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : ๋ฏผ์„ ์ตœ
00:12
Writing biography is a strange thing to do.
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์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์“ด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
It's a journey into the foreign territory
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์‚ถ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”
00:20
of somebody else's life,
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๋‚ฏ์„  ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์—ฌํ–‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
a journey, an exploration that can take you places
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๋‹จ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ๊ฟˆ๊ฟ” ๋ณธ ์ ๋„ ์—†๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๋‚˜
00:26
you never dreamed of going
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๋‹ค๋…€์™”๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ
00:29
and still can't quite believe you've been,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ๋ ค ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌํ–‰์ด๋ฉฐ ํƒํ—˜์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
especially if, like me, you're an agnostic Jew
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ €์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ก ์ž์ด์ž ์œ ๋Œ€์ธ์ด๋ฉด์„œ
00:34
and the life you've been exploring
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๋งˆํ˜ธ๋ฉ”ํŠธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์‚ถ์„
00:36
is that of Muhammad.
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ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:41
Five years ago, for instance,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, 5๋…„ ์ „ ์ €๋Š” ์•ˆ๊ฐœ ๋‚€ ์‹œ์• ํ‹€์—์„œ
00:44
I found myself waking each morning in misty Seattle
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๋งค์ผ ์•„์นจ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ณค๋ž€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
00:47
to what I knew was an impossible question:
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์ž ์—์„œ ๊นจ๋Š” ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
00:50
What actually happened
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๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ "์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด๋‚˜ ์ด์ „์—
00:54
one desert night,
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์ง€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์„œ
00:55
half the world and almost half of history away?
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๊ทธ ๋ฐค์ค‘์—
์ง„์งœ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ?" ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
What happened, that is,
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610๋…„ ๊ทธ ๋ฐค์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
01:00
on the night in the year 610
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01:03
when Muhammad received the first revelation of the Koran
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๋ฉ”์นด ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์˜ ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—์„œ
01:06
on a mountain just outside Mecca?
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๋งˆํ˜ธ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ฝ”๋ž€์˜ ์ฒซ ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋˜ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฐค์— ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
This is the core mystical moment of Islam,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ„๋ช… ์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ์—์„œ ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:15
and as such, of course,
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์‹ ๋น„๋กœ์šด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด์ง€๋งŒ
01:17
it defies empirical analysis.
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์‹ค์ฆ์  ๋ถ„์„์ด๋ž€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
Yet the question wouldn't let go of me.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
I was fully aware that for someone as secular as I am,
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์ €๋งŒํผ ์„ธ์†์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
01:27
just asking it could be seen
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฌป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„
01:29
as pure chutzpah.
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ํ›„์•ˆ๋ฌด์น˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:35
And I plead guilty as charged,
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์œก์ฒด์ ์ด๋“  ์ง€์ ์ด๋“ , ๋ชจ๋“  ํƒํ—˜์€
01:37
because all exploration, physical or intellectual,
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์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ
01:41
is inevitably in some sense an act of transgression,
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๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์œ„๋ฐ˜ ํ–‰์œ„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
01:45
of crossing boundaries.
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์œ ์ฃ„์ž„์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
Still, some boundaries are larger than others.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋„“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
So a human encountering the divine,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ๊ต๋„๋“ค์ด ๋งˆํ˜ธ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
01:58
as Muslims believe Muhammad did,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์‹ ๊ณผ ์กฐ์šฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
02:01
to the rationalist, this is a matter not of fact
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์ด์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์‹ค์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ
02:04
but of wishful fiction,
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ํฌ๋ง์  ํ—ˆ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ฃ .
02:05
and like all of us, I like to think of myself as rational.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ ์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ด์„ฑ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
Which might be why when I looked at the earliest accounts
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
02:12
we have of that night,
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๊ทธ ๋ฐค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋“ค์„ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ
02:14
what struck me even more than what happened
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์ €๋Š” ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋˜ ์ผ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ผ์—
02:17
was what did not happen.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ํฐ ๊ฐ๋ช…์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
Muhammad did not come floating off the mountain
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๋งˆํ˜ธ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋Š” ํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
02:25
as though walking on air.
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์‚ฐ์—์„œ ๋‘ฅ๋‘ฅ ๋– ๋‚ด๋ ค ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
02:28
He did not run down shouting, "Hallelujah!"
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"ํ• ๋ ๋ฃจ์•ผ!" ํ˜น์€ "ํ•˜๋Š๋‹˜๊ป˜ ์ฐฌ์–‘!" ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์™ธ์น˜๋ฉฐ
02:31
and "Bless the Lord!"
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๋›ฐ์–ด ๋‚ด๋ ค์˜จ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
He did not radiate light and joy.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋น›๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์จ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
There were no choirs of angels,
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์ฒœ์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฐ€๋Œ€๋‚˜
02:38
no music of the spheres, no elation, no ecstasy,
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์ฒœ์ƒ์˜ ์Œ์•…์ด๋‚˜
๊ธฐ์จ, ํ™ฉํ™€๊ฒฝ, ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๊ธˆ๋น› ์•„์šฐ๋ผ,
02:42
no golden aura surrounding him,
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02:45
no sense of an absolute, fore-ordained role
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์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ด๋‚˜ ์šด๋ช…์ ์ธ ์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ž๋กœ์„œ์˜
02:50
as the messenger of God.
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๋Š๋‚Œ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
That is, he did none of the things
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์ฆ‰, ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ›„๋Œ€์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
02:56
that might make it easy to cry foul,
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์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ์ „๋ง์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ๊ฑดํ•œ ์šฐํ™”๋กœ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก
02:58
to put down the whole story as a pious fable.
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๋งŒ๋“ค ์ผ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
Quite the contrary.
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๊ทธ์™€๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ
03:06
In his own reported words,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ „ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ง์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด
03:10
he was convinced at first
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๋งˆํ˜ธ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ผ ๋ฆฌ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ 
03:12
that what had happened couldn't have been real.
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ํ™•์‹ ํ–ˆ๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
At best, he thought, it had to have been a hallucination --
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๊ธฐ๊ปํ•ด์•ผ ํ™˜๊ฐ์ด์—ˆ์„๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
a trick of the eye or the ear, perhaps,
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋ˆˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ท€,
03:22
or his own mind working against him.
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ํ˜น์€ ์ •์‹ ์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜์ง€์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ์ž‘์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
At worst, possession --
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์ตœ์•…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์†์ด๋ ค๋“œ๋Š”
03:27
that he'd been seized by an evil jinn,
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๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ง“๋ˆ„๋ฅด๋ ค๋Š”
03:29
a spirit out to deceive him,
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์•…ํ•œ ์ •๋ น์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žกํ˜€
03:31
even to crush the life out of him.
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๋น™์˜ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
In fact, he was so sure that he could only be majnun,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Š” '๋งˆ์ฃผ๋ˆˆ',
03:37
possessed by a jinn,
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์ฆ‰ ์•…ํ•œ ์ •๋ น์— ์”Œ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ์—
03:38
that when he found himself still alive,
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์ž์‹ ์ด ์•„์ง ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๋’ค
03:40
his first impulse was to finish the job himself,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ณง ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ ˆ๋ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚ด๋ ค
03:45
to leap off the highest cliff
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์—†์•ฐ์œผ๋กœ์„œ
03:48
and escape the terror of what he'd experienced
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์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ณตํฌ์—์„œ
03:52
by putting an end to all experience.
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ํƒˆ์ถœํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ถฉ๋™์„ ๋Š๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
So the man who fled down the mountain that night
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๊ทธ๋‚  ๋ฐค, ์‚ฐ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๋‹ฌ์•„๋‚œ ๊ทธ ๋‚จ์ž๋Š”
04:02
trembled not with joy
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๊ธฐ์จ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ
04:04
but with a stark, primordial fear.
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์ ์ธ ๊ณตํฌ์— ๋–จ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
He was overwhelmed not with conviction, but by doubt.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํ™•์‹ ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์˜ํ˜น์— ํœฉ์‹ธ์˜€์ฃ .
04:15
And that panicked disorientation,
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๊ทธ ๊ณตํ™ฉ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ํ˜ผ๋ž€,
04:18
that sundering of everything familiar,
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์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒŒ ํฉ์–ด์ง€๊ณ 
04:20
that daunting awareness of something
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š”
04:24
beyond human comprehension,
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๊ทธ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์‹์€
04:27
can only be called a terrible awe.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ฒฝ์™ธ(awe)๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ–์— ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
This might be somewhat difficult to grasp
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "๊ต‰์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค(awesome)" ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ
04:37
now that we use the word "awesome"
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์ˆœ์‹๊ฐ„์— ํผ์ง€๋Š” ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:39
to describe a new app or a viral video.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
With the exception perhaps of a massive earthquake,
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๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ง€์ง„๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ ์™ธ์—๋Š”
04:47
we're protected from real awe.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง„์งœ ๊ฒฝ์™ธ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
We close the doors and hunker down,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ๊ณ  ์ชผ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•‰์•„
04:51
convinced that we're in control,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ†ต์ œ๊ถŒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
or, at least, hoping for control.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ ์–ด๋„ ํ†ต์ œ๊ถŒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:57
We do our best to ignore the fact that
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ†ต์ œ๊ถŒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
04:59
we don't always have it,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ค๋ช…๋  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ 
05:01
and that not everything can be explained.
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์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
Yet whether you're a rationalist or a mystic,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“  ์‹ ๋น„์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ ,
05:08
whether you think the words Muhammad heard that night
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๋งˆํ˜ธ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋‚  ๋ฐค์— ๋“ค์€ ๋ง์ด
05:10
came from inside himself or from outside,
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๊ทธ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋‚˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋“ ,
05:15
what's clear is that he did experience them,
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
and that he did so with a force that would shatter
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๋˜ ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์‚ฐ์‚ฐ์กฐ๊ฐ ๋‚ด๊ณ 
05:22
his sense of himself and his world
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๋ณดํ†ต์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ •์˜์˜
05:24
and transform this otherwise modest man
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๊ธ‰์ง„์  ์ง€์ง€์ž๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ๋งŒํ•œ
05:27
into a radical advocate for social and economic justice.
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์œ„๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
Fear was the only sane response,
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์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‘๋ ค์›€๋งŒ์ด ์˜จ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ 
05:39
the only human response.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
Too human for some,
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๋น„๋ก ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‚ดํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
05:47
like conservative Muslim theologians who maintain that
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์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ๊ต์˜ ์ตœ์ดˆ ์ „๊ธฐ๋“ค์— ์“ฐ์—ฌ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
05:49
the account of his wanting to kill himself
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜
05:51
shouldn't even be mentioned, despite the fact
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๋ณด์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ๊ต๋„ ์‹ ํ•™์ž ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
05:54
that it's in the earliest Islamic biographies.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ณ ์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
They insist that he never doubted
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ๋ง์€ ์ปค๋…•, ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋„
06:01
for even a single moment, let alone despaired.
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์˜ํ˜น๋„ ํ’ˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ณ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
Demanding perfection, they refuse to tolerate
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•จ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ
06:11
human imperfection.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ถˆ์™„์ „์„ฑ์„ ์šฉ์ธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
Yet what, exactly, is imperfect about doubt?
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์˜ํ˜น์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์™œ ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•œ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
06:23
As I read those early accounts, I realized it was
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์ €๋Š” ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋“ค์„ ์ฝ์œผ๋ฉฐ
06:26
precisely Muhammad's doubt that brought him alive for me,
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๋งˆํ˜ธ๋ฉ”ํŠธ์˜ ์˜ํ˜น์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๋ถˆ์–ด๋„ฃ๊ณ 
06:30
that allowed me to begin to see him in full,
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๊ทธ ๋•๋ถ„์— ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์˜จ์ „ํžˆ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
06:33
to accord him the integrity of reality.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์˜€์Œ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
And the more I thought about it,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก
06:38
the more it made sense that he doubted,
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์˜ํ˜น์€ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์— ํ•ต์‹ฌ์  ์š”์†Œ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
06:41
because doubt is essential to faith.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ํ’ˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒŒ ์ด์น˜์— ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
If this seems a startling idea at first,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:51
consider that doubt, as Graham Greene once put it,
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๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์—„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ์ด ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด
06:54
is the heart of the matter.
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์˜ํ˜น์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:58
Abolish all doubt, and what's left is not faith,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์˜ํ˜น์„ ์—†์• ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ๋‚จ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
07:03
but absolute, heartless conviction.
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์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ฌด์‹ฌํ•œ ํ™•์‹ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
You're certain that you possess the Truth --
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๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–ธ์™ธ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž T๋กœ (Truth) ์“ฐ์ด๋Š”
07:12
inevitably offered with an implied uppercase T --
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์ง„๋ฆฌ (Truth)๋ฅผ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๋ฉด
07:16
and this certainty quickly devolves
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์ด ํ™•์‹ ์€ ๊ธˆ๋ฐฉ ๋…๋‹จ๊ณผ
07:19
into dogmatism and righteousness,
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๋…์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
by which I mean a demonstrative, overweening pride
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์˜ณ๋‹ค๋Š”
07:26
in being so very right,
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์ง€๋‚˜์นœ ์ž๋ถ€์‹ฌ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
in short, the arrogance of fundamentalism.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์›๋ฆฌ์ฃผ์˜์  ์˜ค๋งŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
It has to be one of the multiple ironies of history
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์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ๊ต ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์ด ์ฆ๊ฒจ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋น„์†์–ด๊ฐ€
07:42
that a favorite expletive of Muslim fundamentalists
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์‹ญ์ž๊ตฐ์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์ด
07:45
is the same one once used by the Christian fundamentalists
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
07:49
known as Crusaders:
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์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์•„์ด๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
07:51
"infidel," from the Latin for "faithless."
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๋ผํ‹ด์–ด์˜ "๋ถˆ์‹ ์‹ฌ์ž" ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ "์ด๋‹จ์ž."
07:57
Doubly ironic, in this case, because their absolutism
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์ ˆ๋Œ€์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์Œ์˜ ์ •๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
08:01
is in fact the opposite of faith.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ์•„์ด๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
In effect, they are the infidels.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ด๊ต๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
Like fundamentalists of all religious stripes,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๊ต์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
08:14
they have no questions, only answers.
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์˜๋ฌธ์€ ์—†๊ณ  ๋‹ต๋งŒ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
They found the perfect antidote to thought
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…๊ณผ ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์˜
08:21
and the ideal refuge of the hard demands of real faith.
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ํž˜๋“  ์š”๊ตฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:25
They don't have to struggle for it like Jacob
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๋ฐค์ƒˆ ์ฒœ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ชธ๋ถ€๋ฆผ์ณค๋˜ ์•ผ๊ณฑ์ด๋‚˜
08:27
wrestling through the night with the angel,
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ํ™ฉ๋ฌด์ง€์—์„œ 40์ผ์˜ ๋ฐค๋‚ฎ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜๋‚˜
08:29
or like Jesus in his 40 days and nights in the wilderness,
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์‚ฐ ์œ„์—์„œ์˜ ๊ทธ๋‚  ๋ฐค ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
08:32
or like Muhammad, not only that night on the mountain,
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๊ฑฐ๋“ญ ์ ˆ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฒฉ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉฐ
08:35
but throughout his years as a prophet,
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์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
08:38
with the Koran constantly urging him not to despair,
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค๋งŒ์ด ์˜ณ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋“ค์„
08:42
and condemning those who most loudly proclaim
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๋น„๋‚œํ•˜๋Š” ์ฝ”๋ž€์„ ๋“ค๊ณ 
08:45
that they know everything there is to know
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์„ ์ง€์ž๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์‚ถ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ๋งˆํ˜ธ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ๋˜
08:49
and that they and they alone are right.
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๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ธ์›€์„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋์ฃ .
08:56
And yet we, the vast and still far too silent majority,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ์นจ๋ฌตํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋กœ์จ์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
09:03
have ceded the public arena to this extremist minority.
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๋Œ€์ค‘์˜ ๋ฌด๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋„˜๊ฒจ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
We've allowed Judaism to be claimed
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•œ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์•„์ฃผ์˜ ์ž๋“ค์ธ
09:11
by violently messianic West Bank settlers,
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์›จ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฑ…ํฌ ์ •์ฐฉ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋Œ€๊ต๋ฅผ,
09:15
Christianity by homophobic hypocrites
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๋™์„ฑ์•  ํ˜์˜ค์ฆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์œ„์„ ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ
09:18
and misogynistic bigots,
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์—ฌ์„ฑ ํ˜์˜ค์ฆ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์— ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žกํžŒ ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต๋ฅผ,
09:21
Islam by suicide bombers.
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์ž์‚ด ํญํƒ„ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฒ”๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ๊ต๋ฅผ ๋„˜๊ฒจ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
And we've allowed ourselves to be blinded to the fact that
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต๋‚˜ ์œ ๋Œ€์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ๊ต๋„๋ผ๊ณ 
09:28
no matter whether they claim to be Christians,
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์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์€
09:31
Jews or Muslims,
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๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
09:32
militant extremists are none of the above.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊นจ๋‹ซ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
They're a cult all their own, blood brothers
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ํ”ผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ๋“  ์˜ํ˜•์ œ๋กœ์„œ
09:44
steeped in other people's blood.
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์ž๊ธฐ๋“ค๋งŒ์˜ ์ด๋‹จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
This isn't faith.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
It's fanaticism, and we have to stop confusing the two.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ด‘์‹ ์ด๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋‘˜ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•  ์ค„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
We have to recognize that real faith has no easy answers.
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์‹ค์ œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์‰ฌ์šด ๋‹ต์ด๋ž€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
It's difficult and stubborn.
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์‹ค์ œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์€ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ  ์™„๊ณ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
It involves an ongoing struggle,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ํˆฌ์Ÿ,
10:08
a continual questioning of what we think we know,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฌธ,
10:11
a wrestling with issues and ideas.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์Ÿ์ ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด์™€ ๊ณ„์† ์”จ๋ฆ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
It goes hand in hand with doubt,
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์˜ํ˜น๊ณผ ๋์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”์™€
10:17
in a never-ending conversation with it,
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์‹์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜ํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ
10:20
and sometimes in conscious defiance of it.
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๋ฏฟ์Œ๊ณผ ์˜ํ˜น์€ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
And this conscious defiance is why I, as an agnostic,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์˜์‹์  ๋ฐ˜ํ•ญ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ก ์ž๋กœ์„œ
10:31
can still have faith.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
I have faith, for instance, that peace in the Middle East
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€
10:38
is possible despite the ever-accumulating mass of evidence
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ํŽธ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ด์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
10:43
to the contrary.
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์ €๋Š” ์ค‘๋™์— ํ‰ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
I'm not convinced of this.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
I can hardly say I believe it.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฏฟ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
I can only have faith in it,
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์‹ ๋…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
commit myself, that is, to the idea of it,
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์†์„ ๋†“๊ณ  ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ 
10:56
and I do this precisely because of the temptation
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์นจ๋ฌต์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์œ ํ˜น ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
10:59
to throw up my hands in resignation
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ „๋…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
11:01
and retreat into silence.
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์‹ ๋…์„ ๊ณต๊ณ ํžˆ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
Because despair is self-fulfilling.
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์ ˆ๋ง์€ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ถฉ์กฑ์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
If we call something impossible,
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด
11:12
we act in such a way that we make it so.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ–‰๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
And I, for one, refuse to live that way.
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์ € ์ž์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
In fact, most of us do,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
11:24
whether we're atheist or theist
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๋ฌด์‹ ๋ก ์ž๊ฑด ์œ ์‹ ๋ก ์ž๊ฑด
11:27
or anywhere in between or beyond, for that matter,
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์™ธ์˜ ์–ด๋””๊ฑด
11:31
what drives us is that, despite our doubts
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๋„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜ํ˜น์— ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
11:36
and even because of our doubts,
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๋˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜ํ˜น ๋•๋ถ„์—,
11:38
we reject the nihilism of despair.
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์ ˆ๋ง์˜ ํ—ˆ๋ฌด์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
We insist on faith in the future
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์™€ ์„œ๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
11:46
and in each other.
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๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ๊ณ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
Call this naive if you like.
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์ˆœ์ง„ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
Call it impossibly idealistic if you must.
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๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์ด์ƒ์ฃผ์˜๋ผ ํ•ด๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
But one thing is sure:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:59
Call it human.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
12:03
Could Muhammad have so radically changed his world
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๋งˆํ˜ธ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์—†์ด,
12:06
without such faith, without the refusal
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ํŽธํ˜‘ํ•œ ํ™•์‹ ์˜ ์˜ค๋งŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€์—†์ด,
12:09
to cede to the arrogance of closed-minded certainty?
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
12:13
I think not.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
After keeping company with him as a writer
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์ž‘๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ ์ง€๋‚œ 5๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋‹ˆ,
12:19
for the past five years, I can't see
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๋งˆํ˜ธ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ค‘๋™๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์—์„œ
12:22
that he'd be anything but utterly outraged
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ํ–‰๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š”
12:27
at the militant fundamentalists who claim to speak
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๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋Š”
12:30
and act in his name in the Middle East and elsewhere today.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ •๋ง ๋ถ„๋…ธํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:36
He'd be appalled at the repression of half the population
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด๋‚˜
12:40
because of their gender.
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์–ต์••๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ฒฝ์•…ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
He'd be torn apart by the bitter divisiveness of sectarianism.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ฒŒ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•œ ๋ถˆํ™”์— ๊ฐ€์Šด์ด ์ฐข์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:51
He'd call out terrorism for what it is,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ํ–‰์œ„๋ผ๊ณ  ์™ธ์ณค์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
not only criminal but an obscene travesty
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๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์‹ธ์› ๋˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์˜
12:59
of everything he believed in and struggled for.
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์กธ๋ ฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ณค์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
He'd say what the Koran says: Anyone who takes a life
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฝ”๋ž€์— ์จ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
"ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๋นผ์•—๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๋Š”์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‹ค.
13:09
takes the life of all humanity.
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13:12
Anyone who saves a life, saves the life of all humanity.
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ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‹ค."
13:19
And he'd commit himself fully
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ‰ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š”
13:22
to the hard and thorny process of making peace.
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์–ด๋ ต๊ณ  ํ—˜๋‚œํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์— ํ—Œ์‹ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:31
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
13:35
Thank you. (Applause)
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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