3 reasons why we can win the fight against poverty | Andrew Youn

169,318 views ใƒป 2016-07-06

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Avi Kilmanovich ืžื‘ืงืจ: Zeeva Livshitz
00:13
I've been living in rural East Africa for about 10 years,
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ืื ื™ ื’ืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ืฉืœ ืžื–ืจื— ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืจืš 10 ืฉื ื™ื,
00:16
and I want to share a field perspective with you on global poverty.
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ื•ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืขืžื›ื ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืžื”ืฉื˜ื—, ืขืœ ืขื•ื ื™ ื›ืœืœ ืขื•ืœืžื™.
00:19
I believe that the greatest failure of the human race
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™
00:22
is the fact that we've left more than one billion of our members behind.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืฉืืจื ื• ืžืื—ื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ื ื ื•.
00:26
Hungry, extreme poverty:
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ืจืขื‘, ืขื•ื ื™ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™,
00:28
these often seem like gigantic, insurmountable problems,
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ื ืจืื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืขื ืงื™ื•ืช, ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ,
00:32
too big to solve.
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ืื• ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ.
00:34
But as a field practitioner,
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ืืš ื›ืื™ืฉ ืฉื˜ื—,
00:35
I believe these are actually very solvable problems
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืืœื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืคืชื™ืจื•ืช ืžืื•ื“.
00:38
if we just take the right strategies.
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ืื ืจืง ื ื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช.
00:42
Archimedes was an ancient Greek thinker,
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ืืจื›ื™ืžื“ืก ื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ื’ื” ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”,
00:44
and he taught us that if we lean on the right levers,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ืฉืื ื ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื ื•ืคื™ื ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื,
00:47
we can move the world.
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
00:48
In the fight against extreme poverty, I believe there are three powerful levers
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ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ื›ื ื’ื“ ืขื•ื ื™ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™, ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉื ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื ื•ืคื™ื ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ื™ื
00:52
that we can lean on.
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ืื•ืชื ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ.
00:54
This talk is all about those levers, and why they make poverty
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ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ื”ื–ื• ืกื•ื‘ื‘ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื•ืื™ืš ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื
00:57
a winnable fight in our lifetimes.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ืฆื— ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
00:59
What is extreme poverty?
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ืžื”ื• ืขื•ื ื™ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™?
01:02
When I first moved to rural East Africa,
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ื›ืฉืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ืฉืœ ืžื–ืจื— ืืคืจื™ืงื”,
01:04
I stayed overnight with a farm family.
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ืœื ืชื™ ืืฆืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื—ืงืœืื™ื.
01:06
They were wonderful people.
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื”ื“ืจื™ื,
01:08
They invited me into their home. We sang songs together
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ื”ื ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ืชื. ืฉืจื ื• ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื™ื—ื“
01:11
and ate a simple dinner.
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ื•ืื›ืœื ื• ืืจื•ื—ืช ืขืจื‘ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”.
01:12
They gave me a blanket to sleep on the floor.
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ื”ื ื ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืฉืžื™ื›ื” ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ืื™ืชื” ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆืคื”.
01:15
In the morning, however, there was nothing to eat.
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ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ.
01:18
And then at lunchtime, I watched with an increasingly sick feeling
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ื•ืื– ื‘ืฉืขืช ืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื, ืฆืคื™ืชื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืงื‘ืก ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช,
01:22
as the eldest girl in the family cooked porridge as a substitute for lunch.
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ื‘ื™ืœื“ื” ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื” ืžื‘ืฉืœืช ื“ื™ื™ืกื” ื›ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœืืจื•ื—ืช ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื.
01:26
For that meal, every child drank one cup to survive.
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ื‘ืืจื•ื—ื” ื–ื•, ื›ืœ ื™ืœื“ ืฉืชื” ื›ื•ืก ืื—ืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฉืจื•ื“.
01:31
And I cannot tell you how ashamed I felt
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ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ื›ืžื” ื”ืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉืชื™
01:33
when they handed one of those cups to me,
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ื›ืฉื”ื ื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ืœื™ ืืช ืื—ืช ืžื”ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•,
01:35
and I knew I had to accept their hospitality.
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ื•ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
01:38
Children need food not only to survive but also to grow physically and mentally.
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ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฉืจื•ื“, ืืœื ื’ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื•ืžื ื˜ืœื™ืช.
01:43
Every day they fail to eat, they lose a little bit of their future.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ื ืœื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื, ื”ื ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืงืฆืช ืžืขืชื™ื“ื.
01:47
Amongst the extreme poor, one in three children
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ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืืœื• ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™, ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื
01:50
are permanently stunted from a lifetime of not eating enough.
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ื ืคื’ืขืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ืคื™ืš ืขืงื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืื›ื™ืœื” ืœื ืžืกืคืงืช.
01:54
When that's combined with poor access to health care,
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ื›ืฉืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื–ืืช ืขื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื“ืœื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช,
01:56
one in 10 extremely poor children die before they reach age five.
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ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืœ 10 ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืžืช ื˜ืจื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื• ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™.
02:01
And only one quarter of children complete high school
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ื•ืจืง ืจื‘ืข ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
02:04
because they lack school fees.
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ืกืฃ ืœืฉื›ืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“.
02:05
Hunger and extreme poverty curb human potential in every possible way.
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ืจืขื‘ ื•ืขื•ื ื™ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืืคืฉืจื™ืช.
02:12
We see ourselves as a thinking, feeling and moral human race,
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ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื›ืžื™ืŸ ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื•ืžื•ืกืจื™,
02:17
but until we solve these problems for all of our members,
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ืืš ืขื“ ืฉื ืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ื ื ื•,
02:20
we fail that standard,
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ืœื ื ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชืงืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
02:22
because every person on this planet matters.
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช.
02:24
This child matters.
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ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช.
02:27
These children matter.
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช.
02:29
This girl matters.
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืœืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช.
02:32
You know, we see things like this,
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ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•, ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”,
02:33
and we're upset by them,
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ื•ื”ื ืžืฆืขืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•,
02:35
but they seem like such big problems.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื ืจืื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช.
02:37
We don't know how to take effective action.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช.
02:40
But remember our friend Archimedes.
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ืืš ื–ื›ืจื• ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื ื• ืืจื›ื™ืžื“ืก.
02:43
Global poverty has powerful levers.
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ืœืขื•ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื™ืฉ ืžื ื•ืคื™ื ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ื™ื.
02:45
It's a problem like any other.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื›ื›ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืื—ืจืช.
02:48
I live and work in the field, and as a practitioner,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื™ ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื•ื›ืื™ืฉ ืฉื˜ื—.
02:50
I believe these are very solvable problems.
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืืœื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืคืชื™ืจื•ืช.
02:53
So for the next 10 minutes,
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ืื– ื‘-10 ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช,
02:54
let's not be sad about the state of the world.
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ื”ื‘ื” ืœื ื ื”ื™ื” ืขืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืžืฆื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
02:57
Let's engage our brains.
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ืžื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื ื•.
02:58
Let's engage our collective passion for problem-solving
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ืจืชื•ื ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช
03:01
and figure out what those levers are.
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ื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื ืื•ืชื ืžื ื•ืคื™ื.
03:04
Lever number one: most of the world's poor are farmers.
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ืžื ื•ืฃ ืžืกืคืจ ืื—ื“: ืจื•ื‘ ืขื ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื ื—ืงืœืื™ื.
03:08
Think about how extraordinary this is.
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ื—ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ.
03:10
If this picture represents the world's poor,
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ืื ืชืžื•ื ื” ื–ื• ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืืช ืขื ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
03:12
then more than half engage in farming as a major source of income.
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ืื– ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืฆื™ ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื›ืžืงื•ืจ ืคืจื ืกื” ืขื™ืงืจื™.
03:16
This gets me really excited.
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ื–ื” ืžืจื’ืฉ ืื•ืชื™ ืžืื•ื“.
03:18
All of these people, one profession.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืื—ื“.
03:21
Think how powerful this is.
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ื—ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™.
03:22
When farmers become more productive, then more than half the world's poor
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ื›ืฉื—ืงืœืื™ื ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ื ื™ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื•ืฆืจืช, ืื– ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืขื ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
03:26
earn more money and climb out of poverty.
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ื™ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื—ืœืฆื• ืžื”ืขื•ื ื™.
03:28
And it gets better.
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ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื”.
03:29
The product of farming is, of course, food.
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ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœ ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ื•ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืื•ื›ืœ.
03:32
So when farmers become more productive, they earn more food,
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ืื– ื›ืฉื—ืงืœืื™ื ืžื ื™ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื•ืฆืจืช, ืžืชืงื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ื›ืœ,
03:35
and they don't just help themselves,
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ื•ื”ื ืœื ืจืง ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืœืขืฆืžื,
03:37
but they help to feed healthy communities and thriving economies.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืงื™ื•ื ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ืžืฉื’ืฉื’ื•ืช.
03:41
And when farmers become more productive, they reduce environmental pressure.
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ื•ื›ืฉื—ืงืœืื™ื ืžื ื™ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื•ืฆืจืช, ื”ื ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืžืก ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
03:45
We only have two ways we can feed the world:
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ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื ื• ืจืง ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื:
03:47
we can either make our existing farmland a lot more productive,
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ืื• ืฉื ืคื™ืง ืžืื“ืžื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื•ืฆืจืช,
03:51
or we can clear cut forest and savannah to make more farmland,
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ืื• ืฉื ื‘ืจื ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื•ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืขื•ื“ ืื“ืžื•ืช ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช,
03:54
which would be environmentally disastrous.
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื”ื•ื•ื” ืืกื•ืŸ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™.
03:57
Farmers are basically a really important leverage point.
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ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžืคืชื—.
04:01
When farmers become more productive,
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ื›ืฉื—ืงืœืื™ื ืžื ื™ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื•ืฆืจืช,
04:03
they earn more income, they climb out of poverty,
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ื”ื ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื ื ื—ืœืฆื™ื ืžื”ืขื•ื ื™,
04:06
they feed their communities and they reduce environmental land pressure.
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ื”ื ืžืื›ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื”ื ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืžืก ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข.
04:10
Farmers stand at the center of the world.
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ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื•ืœื.
04:14
And not a farmer like this one,
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ื•ืœื ื—ืงืœืื™ ื›ื–ื”,
04:16
but rather this lady.
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ืืœื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ื–ื•.
04:18
Most of the farmers I know are actually women.
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ืฉื™ื.
04:20
Look at the strength and the will radiating from this woman.
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืง ื•ื›ื— ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืจื ื™ื ืžื”ืืฉื” ื”ื–ื•.
04:23
She is physically strong, mentally tough,
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ื”ื™ื ื—ื–ืงื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช, ืงืฉื•ื—ื” ืžื ื˜ืœื™ืช,
04:26
and she will do whatever it takes to earn a better life for her children.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืชืขืฉื” ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื“ืจืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื—ื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื”.
04:29
If we're going to put the future of humanity in one person's hands,
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืื—ื“,
04:32
then I'm really glad it's her.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืžื— ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ื.
04:34
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
04:40
There's just one problem:
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ื™ืฉ ืจืง ื‘ืขื™ื” ืื—ืช:
04:41
many smallholder farmers lack access to basic tools and knowledge.
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ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืขื ื—ื•ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื—ืกืจื” ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื™ื“ืข ื•ืœื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื.
04:46
Currently, they take a little bit of saved food grain from the prior year,
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ื›ื™ื•ื, ื”ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืžืขื˜ ื“ื’ื ื™ื ืฉื ืฉืžืจื• ืžื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”,
04:50
they plant it in the ground and they till it with a manual hand hoe.
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ืฉื•ืชืœื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืื“ืžื” ื•ื—ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืขื ืžืขื“ืจ ื™ื“ื ื™.
04:53
These are tools and techniques that date to the Bronze Age,
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ืืœื• ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื™ื ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื‘ืจื•ื ื–ื”,
04:56
and it's why many farmers are still very poor.
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ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื’ื™ื ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ืงืœืื™ื ื ื•ืชืจื• ืขื ื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื“.
05:00
But good news, again.
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื‘, ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
05:02
Lever number two:
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ืžื ื•ืฃ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืชื™ื™ื:
05:03
humanity actually solved the problem of agricultural poverty a century ago.
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ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืœืžืขืฉื” ืคืชืจื” ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ื‘ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืžืื” ืฉื ื™ื.
05:08
Let me walk you through the three most basic factors in farming.
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ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ืงืœืื•ืช.
05:11
First, hybrid seed is created when you cross two seeds together.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื–ืจืข ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ืœืืช ืฉื ื™ ื–ืจืขื™ื ื™ื—ื“.
05:16
If you naturally pollinate a high-yielding variety
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ืื ืžืื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื–ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืชื ื•ื‘ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”
05:19
together with a drought-resistant variety,
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืŸ ืฉืขืžื™ื“ ืœื‘ืฆื•ืจืช,
05:21
you get a hybrid that inherits positive traits from both of its parents.
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ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืŸ ื›ืœืื™ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืจืฉ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ืจื™ื•.
05:25
Next, conventional fertilizer, if used responsibly,
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ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื, ื“ืฉืŸ ืงื•ื ื‘ื ืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™, ืื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ืจืื™,
05:29
is environmentally sustainable.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช.
05:31
If you micro-dose just a pinch of fertilizer
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ืื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื–ืขื™ืจื™ื, ืจืง ืงืžืฆื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ื“ืฉืŸ
05:34
to a plant that's taller than I am,
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ืœืฆืžื— ืฉื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืžื ื™,
05:36
you unlock enormous yield gain.
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ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื™ื ืชืคื•ืงื” ืขืฆื•ืžื”.
05:39
These are known as farm inputs.
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื›ืชืฉื•ืžื•ืช ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช.
05:41
Farm inputs need to be combined with good practice.
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ืชืฉื•ืžื•ืช ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ื•ื ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื”.
05:43
When you space your seeds and plant with massive amounts of compost,
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ื›ืฉืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ื–ืจืขื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืชืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ื›ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื–ื‘ืœ ืื•ืจื’ื ื™,
05:47
farmers multiply their harvests.
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ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืžื›ืคื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื™ื‘ื•ืœื™ื”ื.
05:50
These proven tools and practices have more than tripled
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ื›ืœื™ื ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืžื•ื›ื—ื™ื ืืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื™ืœืฉื•
05:53
agricultural productivity in every major region of the world,
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ืืช ื”ืชืคื•ืงื” ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
05:56
moving mass numbers of people out of poverty.
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ื•ื—ื™ืœืฆื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ ื›ืžื•ืช ืื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื.
05:59
We just haven't finished delivering these things to everybody just yet,
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื˜ืจื ืกื™ื™ืžื ื• ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ืœื›ื•ืœื,
06:03
particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืฉืžื“ืจื•ื ืœืกื”ืจื”.
06:05
So overall, this is amazing news.
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ืื– ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ, ืืœื• ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช.
06:07
Humanity actually solved agricultural poverty a century ago,
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ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืคืชืจื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ื‘ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืžืื” ืฉื ื™ื,
06:11
in theory.
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ื‘ืชืื•ืจื™ื”.
06:12
We just haven't delivered these things to everybody just yet.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื˜ืจื ืกื™ื™ืžื ื• ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืœื›ื•ืœื.
06:16
In this century, the reason that people remain poor
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ื‘ืžืื” ื”ื–ื•, ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ื
06:18
is because maybe they live in remote places.
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ื”ื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ืขืฆื ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื•ืชื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืจื•ื—ืงื™ื.
06:20
They lack access to these things.
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ื—ืกืจื” ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
06:24
Therefore, ending poverty is simply a matter
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ืœื›ืŸ, ื—ื™ืกื•ืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
06:26
of delivering proven goods and services to people.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื™ื“ืข ื•ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื•ื›ื—ื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
06:30
We don't need more genius types right now.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื›ืจื’ืข.
06:32
The humble delivery guy is going to end global poverty in our lifetime.
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ื”ืฉืœื™ื— ื”ืฆื ื•ืข ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉื™ื—ืกืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
06:38
So these are the three levers,
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ืื– ืืœื• ื”ื ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืžื ื•ืคื™ื,
06:39
and the most powerful lever is simply delivery.
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ื•ื”ืžื ื•ืฃ ื”ื—ื–ืง ืžื›ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขืฆื ื”ื”ืคืฆื”.
06:43
Wherever the world's companies, governments and nonprofits
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื, ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืœืœื ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืจื•ื•ื—
06:46
set up delivery networks for life-improving goods,
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ืžืงื™ืžื™ื ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืคืฆื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ื™ื“ืข ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื
06:49
we eliminate poverty.
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ืื ื• ืžื—ืกืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ื ื™.
06:52
OK, so that sounds really nice in theory,
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืื– ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืžืื•ื“ ื ื—ืžื“ ื‘ืชืื•ืจื™ื”,
06:54
but what about in practice?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช?
06:55
What do these delivery networks look like?
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ืื™ืš ื ืจืื•ืช ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืคืฆื” ืฉื›ืืœื”?
06:58
I want to share the concrete example that I know best,
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ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื—ืœื•ืง ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžื•ื—ืฉื™ืช ืื•ืชื” ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘,
07:00
my organization, One Acre Fund.
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ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™, ืงืจืŸ ื•ื•ืืŸ ืื™ื™ืงืจ.
07:03
We only serve the farmer,
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ืื ื• ืžืฉืจืชื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“,
07:04
and our job is to provide her with the tools that she needs to succeed.
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ื•ืžืฉื™ืžืชื ื• ื”ื™ื ืœืกืคืง ืœื” ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฆืœื—ืชื”.
07:08
We start off by delivering farm inputs to really rural places.
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ืื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืชืฉื•ืžื•ืช ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื“.
07:11
Now, this may appear initially very challenging,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื›ืืชื’ืจ ืงืฉื” ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข,
07:13
but it's pretty possible. Let me show you.
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ืื•ืœื ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืืคืฉืจื™. ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื.
07:15
We buy farm inputs with the combined power of our farmer network,
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ืื ื• ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ื ืชืฉื•ืžื•ืช ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช ืžื—ืงืœืื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืขืžื ืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื,
07:18
and store it in 20 warehouses like this.
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ื•ืžืื—ืกื ื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘-20 ืžื—ืกื ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื–ื”.
07:21
Then, during input delivery, we rent hundreds of 10-ton trucks
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ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื, ืฉืœื‘ ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื”ืชืฉื•ืžื•ืช, ืื ื• ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ืžืื•ืช ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช 10 ื˜ื•ืŸ
07:25
and send them out to where farmers are waiting in the field.
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ื•ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืชื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื—.
07:28
They then get their individual orders and walk it home to their farms.
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ื”ืŸ ืื– ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื•ืœื•ืงื—ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืขื™ืžืŸ ืœื—ื•ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ.
07:32
It's kind of like Amazon for rural farmers.
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• "ืืžื–ื•ืŸ" ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ืงืœืื™ื ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื.
07:35
Importantly, realistic delivery also includes finance, a way to pay.
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ื™ื•ื“ื’ืฉ, ื›ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื“ืจื•ืฉื” ืคืจื™ืกืช ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื.
07:40
Farmers pay us little by little over time, covering most of our expenses.
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ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื•ืช ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืงืฆืช ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžื›ืกื•ืช ืืช ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื ื•.
07:45
And then we surround all that with training.
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืื ื• ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื“ืจื›ื”.
07:48
Our rural field officers deliver practical, hands-on training
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ืจื›ื–ื•ืช ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžืกืคืงื•ืช ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืชื›ืœื™ืชื™ืช ื•ืžืขืฉื™ืช
07:51
to farmers in the field
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ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืฉื˜ื—
07:53
every two weeks.
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ืื—ืช ืœื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื.
07:55
Wherever we deliver our services, farmers use these tools
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื•, ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช ืžืกืชื™ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืืœื•
07:59
to climb out of poverty.
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ืœื”ื™ื—ืœืฅ ืžืขื•ื ื™.
08:01
This is a farmer in our program, Consolata.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืงื•ื ืกื•ืœื˜ื”, ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคืช ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
08:04
Look at the pride on her face.
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ืจืื• ืืช ื”ื’ืื•ื•ื” ืฉืขืœ ืคื ื™ื”.
08:06
She has achieved a modest prosperity that I believe is the human right
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉื™ื’ื” ืฉื’ืฉื•ื’ ืฆื ื•ืข, ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช
08:09
of every hardworking person on the planet.
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ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื—ืจื•ืฅ ื‘ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื.
08:13
Today, I'm proud to say that we're serving about 400,000 farmers like Consolata.
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ืื ื™ ื’ืื” ืœื‘ืฉืจ ืฉืื ื• ืžืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืขืจืš 400,000 ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืงื•ื ืกื•ืœื˜ื”.
08:18
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
08:23
The key to doing this is scalable delivery.
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ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœืขืฉื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื•ืชืื ืœืคื™ ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื”.
08:26
In any given area, we hire a rural field officer
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ื ืชื•ืŸ, ืื ื• ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ืจื›ื– ืฉื˜ื— ื›ืคืจื™
08:29
who delivers our services to 200 farmers, on average,
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ื”ืžืกืคืง ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื• ืœ-200 ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข,
08:32
with more than 1,000 people living in those families.
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ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-1,000 ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ.
08:35
Today, we have 2,000 of these rural field officers
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ื›ื™ื•ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 2,000 ืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ื—
08:39
growing very quickly.
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ื•ืžืกืคืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
08:40
This is our delivery army,
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ื–ื”ื• ืฆื‘ื ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืฉืœื ื•
08:42
and we're just one organization.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืจืง ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“.
08:44
There are many companies, governments and nonprofits
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ื™ืฉื ื ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื, ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื•ืžืœื›"ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื
08:47
that have delivery armies just like this.
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ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื ื•.
08:50
And I believe we stand at a moment in time
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ืืžื•ื ืชื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืจื’ืข ื‘ื–ืžืŸ
08:52
where collectively, we are capable of delivering farm services to all farmers.
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ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืžืืžืฅ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ, ืื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืฉืจ ื”ืŸ.
08:57
Let me show you how possible this is.
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ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ื›ืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืืคืฉืจื™.
08:59
This is a map of Sub-Saharan Africa,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžืคื” ืฉืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืฉืžื“ืจื•ื ืœืกื”ืจื”,
09:01
with a map of the United States for scale.
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ืœืฆื“ ืžืคื” ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘ ื›ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื”.
09:03
I chose Sub-Saharan Africa because this is a huge delivery territory.
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ื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืฉืžื“ืจื•ื ืœืกื”ืจื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ืขื ืง.
09:07
It's very challenging.
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ื–ื”ื• ืืชื’ืจ ืจืฆื™ื ื™.
09:09
But we analyzed every 50-mile by 50-mile block on the continent,
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ืื•ืœื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ื—ื ื• ื›ืœ ืžื’ื–ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ 6500 ืงืžืดืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช,
09:13
and we found that half of farmers live in just these shaded regions.
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ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืฉื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆืœืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
09:19
That's a remarkably small area overall.
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืื“ ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ.
09:22
If you were to lay these boxes next to each other
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ืื ื ืื’ื“ ืืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•
09:24
within a map of the United States,
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ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžืคืช ืืจื”"ื‘,
09:26
they would only cover the Eastern United States.
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ื ื›ืกื” ืจืง ืืช ื—ืœืงื” ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
09:29
You can order pizza anywhere in this territory
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืคื™ืฆื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”
09:32
and it'll arrive to your house hot, fresh and delicious.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืชื’ื™ืข ืืœ ืžืคืชืŸ ื“ืœืชื›ื ื—ืžื”, ื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื˜ืขื™ืžื”.
09:36
If America can deliver pizza to an area of this size,
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ืื ืืจื”"ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกืคืง ืคื™ืฆื” ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื›ื–ื”,
09:39
then Africa's companies, governments and non-profits
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ืื– ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื, ื”ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืœื›"ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื”
09:42
can deliver farm services to all of her farmers.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืชื™ื”.
09:45
This is possible.
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ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™.
09:48
I'm going to wrap up by generalizing beyond just farming.
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ืืกื›ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช, ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื—ืงืœืื•ืช.
09:52
In every field of human development,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ืชืคืชื—ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช,
09:54
humanity has already invented effective tools to end poverty.
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ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ืžืฆืื• ื›ืœื™ื ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืžื™ื’ื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ื ื™.
09:58
We just need to deliver them.
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ืื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ืื•ืชื.
10:00
So again, in every area of human development,
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ืื– ืฉื•ื‘, ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ืชืคืชื—ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช,
10:02
super-smart people a long time ago invented inexpensive,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื• ื›ืœื™ื ื–ื•ืœื™ื
10:06
highly effective tools.
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ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
10:07
Humanity is armed to the teeth
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ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ื“ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘
10:09
with simple, effective solutions to poverty.
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ื‘ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืžื™ื’ื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ื ื™.
10:13
We just need to deliver these to a pretty small area.
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ืื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืกืคืงื ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืงื˜ืŸ.
10:17
Again using the map of Sub-Saharan Africa as an example,
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ืฉืชืžืฉ ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืคืช ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืฉืžื“ืจื•ื ืœืกื”ืจื” ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžื,
10:20
remember that rural poverty is concentrated in these blue shaded areas.
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ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉืขื•ื ื™ ื›ืคืจื™ ืžืจื•ื›ื– ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
10:24
Urban poverty is even more concentrated, in these green little dots.
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ืขื•ื ื™ ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ืžืจื•ื›ื– ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
10:29
Again, using a map of the United States for scale,
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืื ื ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืคืช ืืจื”"ื‘ ื›ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื”,
10:32
this is what I would call a highly achievable delivery zone.
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ื ืจืื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื›ื ื” "ืžืชื—ื ื”ืคืฆื” ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข".
10:36
In fact, for the first time in human history,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช,
10:38
we have a vast amount of delivery infrastructure available to us.
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ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืœืจืฉื•ืชื ื• ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืจื‘ื•ืช.
10:42
The world's companies, governments and non-profits
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ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื, ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื•ืžืœื›"ืจื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
10:44
have delivery armies that are fully capable
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ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืฉื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื
10:47
of covering this relatively small area.
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ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
10:49
We just lack the will.
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ืื ื• ื—ืกืจื™ื ืจืง ื›ื•ื— ืจืฆื•ืŸ.
10:52
If we are willing,
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ืื ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื,
10:54
every one of us has a role to play.
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ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื™ืฉ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื‘ืขืฉื™ื” ื”ื–ื•.
10:57
We first need more people to pursue careers in human development,
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉืืคื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™,
11:01
especially if you live in a developing nation.
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืื ืืชื ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช.
11:03
We need more front line health workers, teachers, farmer trainers,
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ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื”ื”ื•ืจืื”, ื”ื›ืฉืจืช ื—ืงืœืื™ื,
11:06
sales agents for life-improving goods.
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ืกื•ื›ื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคืจื™ื ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื.
11:09
These are the delivery people that dedicate their careers
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ืืœื” ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื”ืžืงื“ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื
11:12
to improving the lives of others.
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ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื.
11:14
But we also need a lot of support roles.
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ืื•ืœื ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ ืชืžื™ื›ื”.
11:17
These are roles available at just my organization alone,
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ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืคืชื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•
11:20
and we're just one out of many.
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ื•ืื ื• ืจืง ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืžื ื™ ืจื‘ื™ื.
11:22
This may surprise you, but no matter what your technical specialty,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืคืชื™ืข ืืชื›ื ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื”ื™ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืชื›ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช,
11:26
there is a role for you in this fight.
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ื™ืฉื ื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ื”ื–ื”.
11:29
And no matter how logistically possible it is to end poverty,
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ื•ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช, ืœืžื’ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื ื™,
11:32
we need a lot more resources.
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ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:34
This is our number one constraint.
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ื–ื• ื”ืžื’ื‘ืœื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
11:36
For private investors, we need a big expansion of venture capital,
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื, ืฆืจื™ืš ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืงืจื ื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
11:40
private equity, working capital, available in emerging markets.
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ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื.
11:44
But there are also limits to what private business can accomplish.
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ืื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืœืžื” ืฉื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’.
11:47
Private businesses often struggle to profitably serve the extreme poor,
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ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืžืชืงืฉื” ืœืขืชื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ื ืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืจื•ื“ื™ื,
11:51
so philanthropy still has a major role to play.
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ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืœื ื“ื‘ื ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉื ื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
11:54
Anybody can give, but we need more leadership.
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืจื•ื, ืื•ืœื ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืขื•ื“ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื.
11:58
We need more visionary philanthropists
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ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื ื“ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ
12:00
and global leaders who will take problems in human development
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ื•ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ื™ื "ืœ ืฉื™ืชืขืžืชื• ืขื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™
12:04
and lead humanity to wipe them off the face of the planet.
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ื•ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืœืžื—ื™ืงืชืŸ ืžืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”.
12:08
If you're interested in these ideas, check out this website.
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ืื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืชื›ื, ื”ื™ื›ื ืกื• ืœืืชืจ ื”ื–ื”.
12:11
We need more leaders.
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ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืขื•ื“ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื.
12:14
Humanity has put people on the moon.
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ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ืจื—.
12:16
We've invented supercomputers that fit into our pockets
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ื”ืžืฆืื ื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™-ืขืœ ืฉืื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ื˜ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ืกื™ื ื•
12:18
and connect us with anybody on the planet.
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ื•ืžืงืฉืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ืื—ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
12:20
We've run marathons at a five-minute mile pace.
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ืื ื• ืจืฆื™ื ืžืจืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœ 3 ื“ืงื•ืช ืœืงืดืž.
12:24
We are an exceptional people.
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ืื ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื’ื“ืจ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ.
12:27
But we've left more than one billion of our members behind.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืืจื ื• ืžืื—ื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ื ื ื•.
12:31
Until every girl like this one has an opportunity
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ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื™ืœื“ื”, ื›ืžื• ื–ื•, ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช
12:33
to earn her full human potential,
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ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื”,
12:36
we have failed to become a truly moral and just human race.
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ืื ื• ื›ื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืชื ื• ืœืžื™ืŸ ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžื•ืกืจื™ ื•ื”ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช.
12:40
Logistically speaking, it's incredibly possible
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช, ื–ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืืคืฉืจื™
12:43
to end extreme poverty.
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ืœืžื’ืจ ืขื•ื ื™ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™.
12:45
We just need to deliver proven goods and services
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ืื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืกืคืง ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžื•ื›ื—ื™ื
12:48
to everybody.
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ืœื›ื•ืœื.
12:49
If we have the will, every one of us has a role to play.
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ื‘ื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ื›ื•ื— ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ, ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื™ืฉ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืœืžืœื.
12:54
Let's deploy our time, our careers,
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ืžื ื ื•, ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื•,
12:56
our collective wealth.
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ื‘ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืฉืœื ื•.
12:58
Let us deliver an end to extreme poverty
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ื‘ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ืœืขื•ื ื™ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™
13:01
in this lifetime.
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ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
13:03
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
13:05
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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