3 reasons why we can win the fight against poverty | Andrew Youn

166,016 views ใƒป 2016-07-06

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jihyeon J. Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Sungho Yoo
00:13
I've been living in rural East Africa for about 10 years,
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์ €๋Š” 10๋…„ ์ •๋„ ๋™์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ต์™ธ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
and I want to share a field perspective with you on global poverty.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋นˆ๊ณค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
I believe that the greatest failure of the human race
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์‹คํŒจ๋Š”
00:22
is the fact that we've left more than one billion of our members behind.
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10์–ต ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ ค ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
Hungry, extreme poverty:
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๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ”„๊ณ , ๊ทน๋„๋กœ ๋นˆ๊ณคํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ์š”.
00:28
these often seem like gigantic, insurmountable problems,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ™์ง€์š”.
00:32
too big to solve.
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์—” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
00:34
But as a field practitioner,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฅ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ
00:35
I believe these are actually very solvable problems
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
if we just take the right strategies.
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋œ ์ „๋žต์„ ์“ด๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
00:42
Archimedes was an ancient Greek thinker,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์ฒ ํ•™์ž์ธ ์•„๋ฅดํ‚ค๋ฉ”๋ฐ์Šค๋Š”
00:44
and he taught us that if we lean on the right levers,
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋œ ์ง€๋ ›๋Œ€๋งŒ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
00:47
we can move the world.
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์›€์ง์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
In the fight against extreme poverty, I believe there are three powerful levers
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๊ทนํ•œ ๋นˆ๊ณค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์“ธ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ง€๋ ›๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
that we can lean on.
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00:54
This talk is all about those levers, and why they make poverty
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์ด ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์€ ๊ทธ ์ง€๋ ›๋Œ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ด๊ณ 
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ์ด๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
a winnable fight in our lifetimes.
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00:59
What is extreme poverty?
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๊ทนํ•œ ๋นˆ๊ณค์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
01:02
When I first moved to rural East Africa,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋™์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ต์™ธ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
01:04
I stayed overnight with a farm family.
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ํ•œ ๋†์žฅ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ํ•˜๋ฃป๋ฐค์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
They were wonderful people.
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๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:08
They invited me into their home. We sang songs together
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ €๋ฅผ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ €์œผ๋ฉฐ
01:11
and ate a simple dinner.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
They gave me a blanket to sleep on the floor.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์—์„œ ์ž๋„๋ก ์ด๋ถˆ์„ ์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
In the morning, however, there was nothing to eat.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์นจ์ด ๋˜์ž ๋จน์„ ๊ฒŒ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
And then at lunchtime, I watched with an increasingly sick feeling
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์ ์‹ฌ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ ์  ๋” ์šธ๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ 
01:22
as the eldest girl in the family cooked porridge as a substitute for lunch.
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๊ทธ ์ง‘์˜ ํฐ ๋”ธ์ด ์ ์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃฝ์„ ๋“์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
For that meal, every child drank one cup to survive.
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๊ทธ ์‹์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•œ ์ปต์„ ๋งˆ์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
And I cannot tell you how ashamed I felt
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์› ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
when they handed one of those cups to me,
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ์ปต์„ ์ฃผ์…จ์„ ๋•Œ์š”.
01:35
and I knew I had to accept their hospitality.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ํ˜ธ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
Children need food not only to survive but also to grow physically and mentally.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ชธ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ์ž๋ผ๋ ค๋ฉด ์Œ์‹์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
Every day they fail to eat, they lose a little bit of their future.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋งค์ผ ๋จน์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด์„œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ์žƒ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
Amongst the extreme poor, one in three children
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ทนํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋‚œ ์†์—์„œ
์•„์ด๋“ค ์„ธ๋ช… ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์€ ๋จน์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด์„œ ์˜๊ตฌ์  ๋ฐœ์œก์ •์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
are permanently stunted from a lifetime of not eating enough.
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01:54
When that's combined with poor access to health care,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๋‹ค ๋ณด๊ฑด ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด
01:56
one in 10 extremely poor children die before they reach age five.
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๊ทน๋นˆ ์•„๋™ 10๋ช… ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์€ 5์„ธ ์ด์ „์— ์‚ฌ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
And only one quarter of children complete high school
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1/4์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค๋งŒ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
because they lack school fees.
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๋“ฑ๋ก๊ธˆ์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:05
Hunger and extreme poverty curb human potential in every possible way.
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๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ””๊ณผ ๊ทน๋„์˜ ๋นˆ๊ณค ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ง‰ํž™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
We see ourselves as a thinking, feeling and moral human race,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ์ •์žˆ๋Š” ๋„๋•์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด์ง€๋งŒ
02:17
but until we solve these problems for all of our members,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”
02:20
we fail that standard,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
because every person on this planet matters.
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์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
This child matters.
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์ด ์•„์ด๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:27
These children matter.
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์ด ์•„์ด๋“ค๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
This girl matters.
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์ด ์†Œ๋…€๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
02:32
You know, we see things like this,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
02:33
and we're upset by them,
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๋งค์šฐ ์†์ƒํ•˜์ฃ .
02:35
but they seem like such big problems.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งˆ์น˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ฃ .
02:37
We don't know how to take effective action.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์‹คํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
But remember our friend Archimedes.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์นœ๊ตฌ ์•„๋ฅดํ‚ค๋ฉ”๋ฐ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
02:43
Global poverty has powerful levers.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋นˆ๊ณค์€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ง€๋ ›๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:45
It's a problem like any other.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฌ๋Š ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
I live and work in the field, and as a practitioner,
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์ €๋Š” ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ˜„์žฅ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
I believe these are very solvable problems.
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02:53
So for the next 10 minutes,
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๋‹ค์Œ 10๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ
02:54
let's not be sad about the state of the world.
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์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์Šฌํผํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง™์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:57
Let's engage our brains.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์•„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:58
Let's engage our collective passion for problem-solving
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ด์ •์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ณ 
03:01
and figure out what those levers are.
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๊ทธ ์ง€๋ ›๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ญ”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:04
Lever number one: most of the world's poor are farmers.
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์ง€๋ ›๋Œ€ 1๋ฒˆ: ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ๋†๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
Think about how extraordinary this is.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
03:10
If this picture represents the world's poor,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:12
then more than half engage in farming as a major source of income.
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์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ƒ์ด ์ฃผ์ˆ˜์ž…์›์œผ๋กœ ๋†์‚ฌ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
This gets me really excited.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ง ์‹ ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
All of these people, one profession.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ง์—…์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
03:21
Think how powerful this is.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
03:22
When farmers become more productive, then more than half the world's poor
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๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ƒ์ด
03:26
earn more money and climb out of poverty.
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๋ˆ์„ ๋” ๋ฒŒ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
And it gets better.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋” ๋‚˜์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:29
The product of farming is, of course, food.
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๋†์‚ฌ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ’ˆ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์‹๋Ÿ‰์ด์ฃ .
03:32
So when farmers become more productive, they earn more food,
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๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ์‹๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ƒ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
and they don't just help themselves,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ฐฐ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ ๋จน์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
03:37
but they help to feed healthy communities and thriving economies.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋จน์—ฌ์‚ด๋ ค ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒˆ์˜ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:41
And when farmers become more productive, they reduce environmental pressure.
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๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์ด ์ข‹์•„์ง€๋ฉด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์ž…ํžˆ๋Š” ํ”ผํ•ด๋„ ์ค„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
We only have two ways we can feed the world:
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋จน์—ฌ์‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
we can either make our existing farmland a lot more productive,
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๊ธฐ์กด ๋†์ง€์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
03:51
or we can clear cut forest and savannah to make more farmland,
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์ˆฒ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฐ”๋‚˜ ์ง€ํ˜•์„ ๋ฐ€์–ด ๋ฐญ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ
03:54
which would be environmentally disastrous.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์•™์ด ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
Farmers are basically a really important leverage point.
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๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ง€๋ ›๋Œ€ ์ž‘์šฉ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
When farmers become more productive,
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๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด
04:03
they earn more income, they climb out of poverty,
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์†Œ๋“์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜ ๋นˆ๊ณค์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
they feed their communities and they reduce environmental land pressure.
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๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋จน์ด๊ณ  ํ† ์ง€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์ฃผ๋Š” ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ค„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
Farmers stand at the center of the world.
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๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
And not a farmer like this one,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋†๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
04:16
but rather this lady.
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์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋ถ„๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์ฃ .
04:18
Most of the farmers I know are actually women.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
Look at the strength and the will radiating from this woman.
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์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ฟœ์–ด์ ธ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ํž˜๊ณผ ์˜์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:23
She is physically strong, mentally tough,
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์‹ ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •์‹ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
and she will do whatever it takes to earn a better life for her children.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์‚ถ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ญ๋“  ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
If we're going to put the future of humanity in one person's hands,
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๋‹จ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์†์— ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋งก๊ฒจ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:32
then I'm really glad it's her.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
04:40
There's just one problem:
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
many smallholder farmers lack access to basic tools and knowledge.
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๋งŽ์€ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋„๊ตฌ์™€ ์ง€์‹์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
Currently, they take a little bit of saved food grain from the prior year,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๋‚œ ํ•ด์— ์ €์žฅํ•œ ๊ณก์‹์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
04:50
they plant it in the ground and they till it with a manual hand hoe.
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๋ฐญ์— ์‹ฌ์–ด ํ˜ธ๋ฏธ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
These are tools and techniques that date to the Bronze Age,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฒญ๋™๊ธฐ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๋„๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด์ฃ .
04:56
and it's why many farmers are still very poor.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ์•„์ง๋„ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
But good news, again.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
Lever number two:
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์ง€๋ ›๋Œ€ 2๋ฒˆ.
05:03
humanity actually solved the problem of agricultural poverty a century ago.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋†์—… ๋นˆ๊ณค ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
Let me walk you through the three most basic factors in farming.
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๋†์—…์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์š”์†Œ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์•Œ๋ ค ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
First, hybrid seed is created when you cross two seeds together.
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์ฒซ์งธ, ๋‘ ์”จ์•—์„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ต๋ฐฐ์ข…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
If you naturally pollinate a high-yielding variety
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์ž์—ฐ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๊ณ ์ˆ˜ํ™• ์ข…์ž์™€
05:19
together with a drought-resistant variety,
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๊ฐ€๋ญ„์— ๊ฒฌ๋””๋Š” ์ข…์ž๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•˜๋ฉด
05:21
you get a hybrid that inherits positive traits from both of its parents.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋‹ค ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๊ต๋ฐฐ์ข…์ž๋ฅผ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
Next, conventional fertilizer, if used responsibly,
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๋‹ค์Œ์€, ์ „ํ†ต์  ํ‡ด๋น„๋กœ
์ž˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ง€์†์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
is environmentally sustainable.
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05:31
If you micro-dose just a pinch of fertilizer
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์ œ ํ‚ค๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ ์‹๋ฌผ์— ์•„์ฃผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ๋งŒ ํ‡ด๋น„๋ฅผ ์ค˜๋„
05:34
to a plant that's taller than I am,
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05:36
you unlock enormous yield gain.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ˆ˜ํ™•๋Ÿ‰์„ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
These are known as farm inputs.
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๋†์‚ฌ ํˆฌ์ž…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
05:41
Farm inputs need to be combined with good practice.
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๋†์‚ฌ ํˆฌ์ž…์€ ์ข‹์€ ์‹คํ–‰์ด ๋”ฐ๋ผ์ค˜์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
When you space your seeds and plant with massive amounts of compost,
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆ„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์”จ์•—๊ณผ ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‹ฌ์œผ๋ฉด
05:47
farmers multiply their harvests.
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๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜ํ™•๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ช‡๋ฐฐ๋กœ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
These proven tools and practices have more than tripled
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋œ ๋„๊ตฌ์™€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์š” ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋†์—… ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์„ธ ๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ ค์„œ
05:53
agricultural productivity in every major region of the world,
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05:56
moving mass numbers of people out of poverty.
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์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋นˆ๊ณค์—์„œ ํƒˆ์ถœ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
We just haven't finished delivering these things to everybody just yet,
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์•„์ง ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค ์ „ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์ด๋‚จ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์š”.
06:05
So overall, this is amazing news.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์†Œ์‹์ด์ฃ .
06:07
Humanity actually solved agricultural poverty a century ago,
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋†์—… ๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
in theory.
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์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”์š”.
06:12
We just haven't delivered these things to everybody just yet.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ์•„์ง ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
In this century, the reason that people remain poor
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์ด ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋นˆ๊ณคํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
06:18
is because maybe they live in remote places.
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์•„๋งˆ ๋จผ ๊ณณ์— ์‚ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
They lack access to these things.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ์ ‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
06:24
Therefore, ending poverty is simply a matter
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ๋๋‚ด๋ ค๋ฉด
06:26
of delivering proven goods and services to people.
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๊ฒ€์ฆ๋œ ์ƒํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉด ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
We don't need more genius types right now.
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๋”์ด์ƒ ์ฒœ์žฌ์ ์ธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
The humble delivery guy is going to end global poverty in our lifetime.
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์ด ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๊ฒธ์†ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ์—†์•จ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
So these are the three levers,
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์ด์ œ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ง€๋ ›๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
06:39
and the most powerful lever is simply delivery.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ง€๋ ›๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ทธ์ € ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
Wherever the world's companies, governments and nonprofits
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ์—…, ์ •๋ถ€, ๋น„์˜๋ฆฌ ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€
06:46
set up delivery networks for life-improving goods,
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์‚ถ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ƒํ’ˆ ์œ ํ†ต๋ง์„ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ณณ๋งˆ๋‹ค
06:49
we eliminate poverty.
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๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ํ‡ด์น˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
OK, so that sounds really nice in theory,
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์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ
06:54
but what about in practice?
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์‹ค์ฒœ์˜ ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
06:55
What do these delivery networks look like?
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์œ ํ†ต๋ง์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ธด ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
06:58
I want to share the concrete example that I know best,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์•„๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
my organization, One Acre Fund.
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์ €์˜ ๋‹จ์ฒด์ธ ์› ์—์ด์ปค ํŽ€๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
We only serve the farmer,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์˜ค์ง ๋†๋ถ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ด‰์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
and our job is to provide her with the tools that she needs to succeed.
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์ €ํฌ ์ผ์€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋†๋ถ€์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
We start off by delivering farm inputs to really rural places.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์‹œ๊ณจ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋†์‚ฌ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ’ˆ์„ ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
Now, this may appear initially very challenging,
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํž˜๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ
07:13
but it's pretty possible. Let me show you.
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
We buy farm inputs with the combined power of our farmer network,
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๋†๋ถ€ ์ธ๋งฅ์˜ ํž˜์„ ๋นŒ์–ด ๋†์‚ฌ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ’ˆ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ 
07:18
and store it in 20 warehouses like this.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฐฝ๊ณ  20 ๊ณณ์— ์ €์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
Then, during input delivery, we rent hundreds of 10-ton trucks
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ’ˆ์„ ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋Œ€์˜ 10ํ†ค ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์„ ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
07:25
and send them out to where farmers are waiting in the field.
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๋ฐญ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์— ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
They then get their individual orders and walk it home to their farms.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ’ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์ž๊ธฐ ๋†์ง€๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
It's kind of like Amazon for rural farmers.
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์ง€์—ญ ๋†๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์•„๋งˆ์กด ์‡ผํ•‘๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:35
Importantly, realistic delivery also includes finance, a way to pay.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ์€ ๊ธˆ์œต, ์ง€๋ถˆ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
Farmers pay us little by little over time, covering most of our expenses.
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๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•ด์„œ ์ €ํฌ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ถฉ๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
And then we surround all that with training.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ์‹œ์ผœ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
Our rural field officers deliver practical, hands-on training
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์ €ํฌ ์ง€์—ญ ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ํ˜„์žฅ ์‹ค์Šต์„
07:51
to farmers in the field
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๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ 2์ฃผ์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์”ฉ ์‹œ์ผœ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
every two weeks.
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07:55
Wherever we deliver our services, farmers use these tools
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์ €ํฌ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์จ์„œ
07:59
to climb out of poverty.
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๋นˆ๊ณค์—์„œ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
This is a farmer in our program, Consolata.
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์ด ๋ถ„์€ ์ฝ˜์†”๋ผํƒ€๋ผ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๋†๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
Look at the pride on her face.
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๊ทธ๋…€ ์–ผ๊ตด์—์„œ ์ž๋ถ€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
08:06
She has achieved a modest prosperity that I believe is the human right
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํ’์š”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ค˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ฉดํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ์ธ๊ถŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
of every hardworking person on the planet.
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08:13
Today, I'm proud to say that we're serving about 400,000 farmers like Consolata.
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์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ํ˜„์žฌ ์ฝ˜์†”๋ผํƒ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋†๋ถ€ 40๋งŒ ๋ช…์—๊ฒŒ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
08:23
The key to doing this is scalable delivery.
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์ด ์ผ์˜ ๋น„๊ฒฐ์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
In any given area, we hire a rural field officer
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์–ด๋–ค ์ง€์—ญ์ด๋“  ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ๋ฏผ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋กœ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
who delivers our services to 200 farmers, on average,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  200๋ช…์˜ ๋†๋ถ€์—๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ 
08:32
with more than 1,000 people living in those families.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ฒœ ๋ช…์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
Today, we have 2,000 of these rural field officers
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” 2์ฒœ ๋ช…์˜ ์ง€์—ญ ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
08:39
growing very quickly.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
This is our delivery army,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ ๋ถ€๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
and we're just one organization.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ์ € ํ•œ ๋‹จ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
There are many companies, governments and nonprofits
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๋งŽ์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ, ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๋น„์˜๋ฆฌ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์ด
08:47
that have delivery armies just like this.
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ ๋ถ€๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
And I believe we stand at a moment in time
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์ €๋Š” ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
08:52
where collectively, we are capable of delivering farm services to all farmers.
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๋†์‚ฌ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ํ•ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋•Œ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
Let me show you how possible this is.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
This is a map of Sub-Saharan Africa,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์ด๋‚จ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ง€๋„๋กœ
09:01
with a map of the United States for scale.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ง€๋„์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
I chose Sub-Saharan Africa because this is a huge delivery territory.
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์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์ด๋‚จ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ํƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ ์ง€์—ญ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
It's very challenging.
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์•„์ฃผ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
But we analyzed every 50-mile by 50-mile block on the continent,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” 50๋งˆ์ผ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
09:13
and we found that half of farmers live in just these shaded regions.
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๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
That's a remarkably small area overall.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘์€ ์ง€์—ญ์ด์ฃ .
09:22
If you were to lay these boxes next to each other
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์ด ์ƒ์ž๋“ค์„ ์„œ๋กœ ์˜†์— ๋†“์œผ๋ฉด
09:24
within a map of the United States,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ง€๋„ ์•ˆ์—์š”
09:26
they would only cover the Eastern United States.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋™๋ถ€์ง€์—ญ๋งŒ ๋ฎ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
You can order pizza anywhere in this territory
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์ด ์ง€์—ญ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ๋“  ํ”ผ์ž๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
09:32
and it'll arrive to your house hot, fresh and delicious.
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๋”ฐ๋ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ ์„ ํ•œ ๋ง›์žˆ๋Š” ํ”ผ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
If America can deliver pizza to an area of this size,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์—์„œ ํ”ผ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:39
then Africa's companies, governments and non-profits
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ, ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๋น„์˜๋ฆฌ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋Š”
09:42
can deliver farm services to all of her farmers.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋†๋ถ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋†์‚ฌ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
This is possible.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
I'm going to wrap up by generalizing beyond just farming.
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์ €๋Š” ๋†์‚ฌ ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅ์‹œ์ผœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
In every field of human development,
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ
09:54
humanity has already invented effective tools to end poverty.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ์—†์•จ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
We just need to deliver them.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
So again, in every area of human development,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ
10:02
super-smart people a long time ago invented inexpensive,
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๋งค์šฐ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „์—
์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
highly effective tools.
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10:07
Humanity is armed to the teeth
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋นˆ๊ณค ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
with simple, effective solutions to poverty.
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10:13
We just need to deliver these to a pretty small area.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ์ € ์ •๋ง ์ž‘์€ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์ „๋‹ฌํ•ด ์ฃผ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
Again using the map of Sub-Saharan Africa as an example,
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์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์ด๋‚จ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์ง€๋„๋กœ
10:20
remember that rural poverty is concentrated in these blue shaded areas.
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์ง€์—ญ ๋นˆ๊ณค์ด ์ด ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋ผ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
10:24
Urban poverty is even more concentrated, in these green little dots.
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๋„์‹œ ๋นˆ๊ณค์€ ์ด ์ž‘์€ ๋…น์ƒ‰์ ๋“ค์— ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
Again, using a map of the United States for scale,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ
10:32
this is what I would call a highly achievable delivery zone.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ง€์—ญ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
In fact, for the first time in human history,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ
10:38
we have a vast amount of delivery infrastructure available to us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
The world's companies, governments and non-profits
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค, ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๋น„์˜๋ฆฌ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ ๋ถ€๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
10:44
have delivery armies that are fully capable
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์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์€ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
of covering this relatively small area.
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10:49
We just lack the will.
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์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•  ๋ฟ์ด์ง€์š”.
10:52
If we are willing,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:54
every one of us has a role to play.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•  ์—ญํ• ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
We first need more people to pursue careers in human development,
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๋จผ์ € ์ธ๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ•  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋” ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
especially if you live in a developing nation.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
11:03
We need more front line health workers, teachers, farmer trainers,
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ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด์ธ๋ ฅ, ๊ต์‚ฌ, ๋†์—… ์ง€๋„์‚ฌ
11:06
sales agents for life-improving goods.
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์‚ถ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฌผํ’ˆ ํŒ๋งค ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ๋” ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
These are the delivery people that dedicate their careers
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ๋ถ€๋กœ์„œ
๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ํ—Œ์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
to improving the lives of others.
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11:14
But we also need a lot of support roles.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋„์™€ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์—ญํ• ๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
These are roles available at just my organization alone,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ €ํฌ ๋‹จ์ฒด์—์„œ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์ด๊ณ 
11:20
and we're just one out of many.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹จ์ฒด์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
This may surprise you, but no matter what your technical specialty,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ๋†€๋ผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ „๋ฌธ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ 
11:26
there is a role for you in this fight.
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์ด ๋นˆ๊ณคํ‡ด์น˜ ์šด๋™์— ํ•  ์—ญํ• ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
And no matter how logistically possible it is to end poverty,
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๋นˆ๊ณค ํ‡ด์น˜์— ์–ผ๋งŒํผ์˜ ์šด์†ก์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋“ 
11:32
we need a lot more resources.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ž์›์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
This is our number one constraint.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ œ์•ฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
For private investors, we need a big expansion of venture capital,
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๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ํˆฌ์ž์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์‹ ํฅ์‹œ์žฅ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฒค์ณ ์บํ”ผํƒˆ
11:40
private equity, working capital, available in emerging markets.
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๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์ž๋ณธ, ๋…ธ๋™ ์ž๋ณธ์˜ ํ™•์žฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
But there are also limits to what private business can accomplish.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์— ์ œํ•œ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
Private businesses often struggle to profitably serve the extreme poor,
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์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์ด์œค์„ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทนํ•œ ๋นˆ๊ณค์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋•๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ํž˜๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
so philanthropy still has a major role to play.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ž์„ ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์•„์ง๋„ ์ฃผ๋œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:54
Anybody can give, but we need more leadership.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋”ํ•œ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
We need more visionary philanthropists
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฟˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ž์„ ์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ
12:00
and global leaders who will take problems in human development
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์ด ์ธ๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์งŠ์–ด์ง€๊ณ 
12:04
and lead humanity to wipe them off the face of the planet.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
If you're interested in these ideas, check out this website.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
12:11
We need more leaders.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฆฌ๋”๊ฐ€ ๋” ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
Humanity has put people on the moon.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋‹ฌ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
We've invented supercomputers that fit into our pockets
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์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ ์†์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์Šˆํผ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ๊ณ 
12:18
and connect us with anybody on the planet.
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์„ธ์ƒ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“ ์ง€ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
We've run marathons at a five-minute mile pace.
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1๋งˆ์ผ ๋‹น 5๋ถ„์˜ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋งˆ๋ผํ†ค์„ ์ฃผํŒŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
We are an exceptional people.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:27
But we've left more than one billion of our members behind.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 10์–ต ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์„ ์†Œ์™ธ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
Until every girl like this one has an opportunity
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์†Œ๋…€ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ 
12:33
to earn her full human potential,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์„ฑ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋•Œ์—์•ผ ๋น„๋กœ์†Œ
12:36
we have failed to become a truly moral and just human race.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง„์ • ๋„๋•์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ •์˜๋กœ์šด ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:40
Logistically speaking, it's incredibly possible
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์šด์†ก์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ทนํ•œ ๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ํ‡ด์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
to end extreme poverty.
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12:45
We just need to deliver proven goods and services
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ์ € ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋œ ์ƒํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
to everybody.
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12:49
If we have the will, every one of us has a role to play.
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์˜์ง€๋งŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•  ์—ญํ• ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
Let's deploy our time, our careers,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ, ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ
12:56
our collective wealth.
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์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ ๋ชจ์•„ ๋ณด๋ƒ…์‹œ๋‹ค.
12:58
Let us deliver an end to extreme poverty
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž์›์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ฃผ์–ด ๊ทนํ•œ ๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ์ด ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋๋ƒ…์‹œ๋‹ค.
13:01
in this lifetime.
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13:03
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:05
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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