What happens when a city runs out of room for its dead | Alison Killing

97,565 views ใƒป 2016-01-15

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Liblib Fib
00:12
So, I have an overlooked but potentially lucrative
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ืื–, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืฉืœื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืืœื™ื”
00:17
investment opportunity for you.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ื“ืื™ืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ืœื›ื.
00:20
Over the past 10 years in the UK,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 10 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื”,
00:22
the return on burial plots has outperformed the UK property market
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ื”ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื—ืœืงื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืขืœื” ืขืœ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื”
00:26
by a ratio of around three to one.
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ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืœืื—ื“.
00:29
There are private cemeteries being set up with plots for sale to investors,
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ืชื™ ืงื‘ืจื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืงืžื™ื ืขื ื—ืœืงื•ืช ืœืžื›ื™ืจื” ืœืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื,
00:33
and they start at around 3,900 pounds.
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ื•ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ 3,900 ืœื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื˜ืจืœื™ื ื’.
00:36
And they're projected to achieve about 40 percent growth.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืจืš 40 ืื—ื•ื–.
00:40
The biggest advantage is that this is a market with continuous demand.
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ื•ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืฉื–ื” ืฉื•ืง ืขื ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช.
00:47
Now, this is a real proposition,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื• ื”ืฆืขื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช,
00:50
and there are companies out there that really are offering this investment,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ื–ื•,
00:54
but my interest in it is quite different.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื ื”.
00:57
I'm an architect and urban designer,
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ืื ื™ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื™ืช ื•ืžืชื›ื ื ืช ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ืช,
00:59
and for the past year and a half,
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ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
01:01
I've been looking at approaches to death and dying
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ื”ื‘ื˜ืชื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืžื™ืชื”
01:04
and at how they've shaped our cities and the buildings within them.
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ื•ื‘ืื™ืš ื”ืŸ ืขื™ืฆื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ.
01:08
So in the summer, I did my first exhibition
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ืื– ื‘ืงื™ืฅ, ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™
01:11
on death and architecture in Venice,
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ืขืœ ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื‘ื•ื•ื ืฆื™ื”,
01:14
and it was called "Death in Venice."
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื ืงืจืื” "ืžื•ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื•ื ืฆื™ื”."
01:16
And because death is a subject
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ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืžื•ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฉื
01:18
that many of us find quite uncomfortable to talk about,
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ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื“ื™ ืœื ื ื•ื— ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื•,
01:21
the exhibition was designed to be quite playful,
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ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ ืžืฉืขืฉืขืช,
01:24
so that people would literally engage with it.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ืœื• ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื”.
01:26
So one of our exhibits was an interactive map of London
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ืื– ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืคื” ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ
01:30
which showed just how much of the real estate in the city
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ืฉื”ืจืืชื” ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ
01:33
is given over to death.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื•ื•ืช.
01:35
As you wave your hand across the map,
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ื•ื›ืฉืืชื ืžื ืคื ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื“ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืคื”,
01:37
the name of the piece of real estate -- the building or the cemetery --
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ื”ืฉื ืฉืœ ืคื™ืกืช ื”ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ -- ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงื‘ืจื•ืช --
01:41
is revealed.
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ืžืชื’ืœื”.
01:42
And those white shapes that you can see,
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ื•ื”ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช,
01:45
they're all of the hospitals and hospices
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ื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืกืคื™ืกื™ื
01:48
and mortuaries and cemeteries in the city.
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ื•ื—ื“ืจื™ ืžืชื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืงื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ.
01:51
In fact, the majority are cemeteries.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืจื•ื‘ื ื‘ืชื™ ืงื‘ืจื•ืช.
01:53
We wanted to show that, even though death and burial are things
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ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
01:58
that we might not think about,
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื,
01:59
they're all around us, and they're important parts of our cities.
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ื›ื•ืœื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•, ื•ื”ื ื—ืœืงื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
02:04
So about half a million people die in the UK each year,
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ืื– ื‘ืขืจืš ืจื‘ืข ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื” ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”,
02:08
and of those, around a quarter will want to be buried.
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ื•ืžืืœื”, ื‘ืขืจืš ืจื‘ืข ื™ืจืฆื• ืœื”ืงื‘ืจ.
02:11
But the UK, like many Western European countries,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืื ื’ืœื™ื”, ื›ืžื• ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืขืจื‘ ืืจื•ืคืื™ื•ืช,
02:15
is running out of burial space,
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ื ื’ืžืจ ืžืงื•ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืจื”,
02:17
especially in the major cities.
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช.
02:19
And the Greater London Authority has been aware of this for a while,
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ื•ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ืชื™ ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœื–ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”,
02:23
and the main causes are population growth,
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”,
02:26
the fact that existing cemeteries are almost full.
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืงื‘ืจื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžืœืื™ื.
02:29
There's a custom in the UK that graves are considered to be occupied forever,
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ื™ืฉ ืžื ื”ื’ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื” ืฉืงื‘ืจื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืžืื•ื›ืœืกื™ื ืœืชืžื™ื“,
02:33
and there's also development pressure -- people want to use that same land
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคื™ืชื•ื—ื™ -- ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืื“ืžื”
02:37
to build houses or offices or shops.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ื ืื• ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืื• ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช.
02:41
So they came up with a few solutions.
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ืื– ื”ื ื”ืขืœื• ื›ืžื” ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช.
02:43
They were like, well, maybe we can reuse those graves after 50 years.
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื›ืื™ืœื•, ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืืœื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืงื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืื—ืจื™ 50 ืฉื ื”.
02:47
Or maybe we can bury people, like, four deep,
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ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื, ื›ืื™ืœื•, ืืจื‘ืข ืœืขื•ืžืง.
02:50
so that four people can be buried in the same plot,
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ืื– ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื—ืœืงื”,
02:53
and we can make more efficient use of the land that way,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื“ืจืš,
02:55
and in that way, hopefully London will still have space to bury people
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ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื•, ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืœืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื
02:59
in the near future.
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ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘.
03:01
But, traditionally, cemeteries haven't been taken care of
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ืื‘ืœ, ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช, ื‘ืชื™ ืงื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื ื˜ื•ืคืœื•
03:03
by the local authority.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช.
03:05
In fact, the surprising thing is that there's no legal obligation
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืคืชื™ืข ื”ื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื•ืงื™ืช
03:08
on anyone in the UK to provide burial space.
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ืขืœ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื” ืœืกืคืง ืžืงื•ื ืงื‘ื•ืจื”.
03:12
Traditionally, it's been done by private and religious organizations,
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ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช, ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื“ืชื™ื™ื,
03:17
like churches and mosques and synagogues.
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ื›ืžื• ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืกื’ื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกืช.
03:20
But there's also occasionally been a for-profit group
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื• ื’ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืœืžื˜ืจืช ืจื•ื•ื—
03:24
who has wanted to get in on the act.
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ืฉืจืฆื• ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืžืฉื—ืง.
03:26
And, you know, they look at the small size of a burial plot
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืœืงืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื”
03:30
and that high cost,
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ื•ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื”ื–ื”,
03:31
and it looks like there's serious money to be made.
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ื•ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื™ืฉ ื›ืกืฃ ืจืฆื™ื ื™ ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—.
03:34
So, actually, if you want to go out and start your own cemetery,
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ืื–, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฆืืช ื•ืœืคืชื•ื— ื‘ื™ืช ืงื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืœื›ื,
03:38
you kind of can.
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ืืชื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื.
03:39
There was this couple in South Wales,
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ื”ื™ื” ื–ื•ื’ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื•ื•ื™ืœืก,
03:41
and they had a farmhouse and a load of fields next to it,
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ื•ื” ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื˜ื— ืœื™ื“ื•,
03:45
and they wanted to develop the land.
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ื•ื”ื ืจืฆื• ืœืคืชื— ืืช ื”ืฉื˜ื—.
03:47
They had a load of ideas.
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช.
03:48
They first thought about making a caravan park,
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ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืจืืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืคืืจืง ืงืจื•ื•ืื ื™ื,
03:51
but the council said no.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืืžืจื” ืœื.
03:53
And then they wanted to make a fish farm
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ื•ืื– ื”ื ืจืฆื• ืœืคืชื•ื— ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ื’ื™ื
03:55
and again the council said no.
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืืžืจื” ืœื.
03:57
Then they hit on the idea of making a cemetery
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ืื– ื”ื ื”ืขืœื• ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœืคืชื•ื— ื‘ื™ืช ืงื‘ืจื•ืช
04:00
and they calculated that by doing this,
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ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื‘ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช,
04:02
they could increase the value of their land
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ื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืขืจืš ื”ืื“ืžื” ืฉืœื”ื
04:05
from about 95,000 pounds to over one million pounds.
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ืžื‘ืขืจืš 95,000 ืœื™ืจื•ืช ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืจื•ืช.
04:10
But just to come back to this idea of making profit from cemeteries,
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืžื‘ืชื™ ืงื‘ืจื•ืช,
04:15
like, it's kind of ludicrous, right?
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ื›ืžื•, ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžื’ื•ื›ื—, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
04:18
The thing is that the high cost of those burial plots
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ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืœืงื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืืœื”
04:21
is actually very misleading.
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ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื˜ืขื”.
04:23
They look like they're expensive,
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ื”ืŸ ื ืจืื•ืช ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ืŸ ื™ืงืจื•ืช,
04:25
but that cost reflects the fact that you need to maintain the burial plot --
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขืœื•ืช ืžืฉืงืคืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืชื—ื–ืง ื—ืœืงืช ืงื‘ื•ืจื” --
04:29
like, someone has to cut the grass for the next 50 years.
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ื›ืื™ืœื•, ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืืช ื”ื“ืฉื ื‘ืžืฉืš 50 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช.
04:33
That means it's very difficult to make money from cemeteries.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ ืžื‘ืชื™ ืงื‘ืจื•ืช.
04:36
And it's the reason that normally they're run by the council
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ื ืžื•ืคืขืœื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื”
04:39
or by a not-for-profit group.
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ืื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืœืœื ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื—.
04:41
But anyway, the council granted these people permission,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ, ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื ืชื ื” ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
04:43
and they're now trying to build their cemetery.
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ื•ื”ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
04:46
So just to explain to you kind of how this works:
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ืื– ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื›ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“:
04:49
If I want to build something in the UK,
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ืื ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื”,
04:51
like a cemetery for example,
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ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ืช ืงื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
04:53
then I have to apply for planning permission first.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืจืืฉื™ืช.
04:56
So if I want to build a new office building for a client
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ืื– ืื ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืœืงื•ื—
05:01
or if I want to extend my home
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ืื• ืื ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื™
05:03
or, you know, if I have a shop and I want to convert it into an office,
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ืื•, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื—ื ื•ืช ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืชื” ืœืžืฉืจื“.
05:07
I have to do a load of drawings,
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ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื™ื•ืจื™ื,
05:08
and I submit them to the council for permission.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื’ื™ืฉื” ืื•ืชื ืœืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ.
05:11
And they'll look at things like how it fits in the surroundings.
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืžืชืื™ื ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
05:15
So they'll look at what it looks like.
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ืื– ื”ื ื™ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื ืจืื”.
05:17
But they'll also think about things like what impact is it going to have
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื’ื ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื™ื–ื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื–ื”
05:20
on the local environment?
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ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช?
05:22
And they'll be thinking about things like,
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•,
05:24
is this thing going to cause pollution
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื
05:26
or is there going to be a lot of traffic
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ืื• ื”ืื ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชื ื•ืขื”
05:28
that wants to go to this thing that I've built?
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ืฉืชืจืฆื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื ื™ืชื™?
05:30
But also good things.
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
05:32
Is it going to add local services like shops to the neighborhood
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ื–ื” ื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉืจื•ืชื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื—ื ื™ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช
05:35
that local people would like to use?
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื™ืจืฆื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ?
05:38
And they'll weigh up the advantages and the disadvantages
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ื•ื”ื ื™ืฉืงืœื• ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช
05:40
and they'll make a decision.
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ื•ื”ื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”.
05:42
So that's how it works if I want to build a large cemetery.
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ืื– ื›ืš ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืงื‘ืจื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
05:47
But what if I've got a piece of land
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืคื™ืกืช ืื“ืžื”
05:49
and I just want to bury a few people, like five or six?
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ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืื• ืฉื™ืฉื”?
05:53
Well, then -- actually, I don't need permission from anyone!
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื–, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ื™ ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืืฃ ืื—ื“!
05:57
There's actually almost no regulation in the UK around burial,
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ืื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื” ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืจื”,
06:02
and the little bit that there is, is about not polluting water courses,
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ื•ื”ืžืขื˜ ืฉื™ืฉ, ื ื•ื’ืขืช ืœืœื ืœื–ื”ื ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžื™ื,
06:05
like not polluting rivers or groundwater.
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ื›ืžื• ืœื ืœื–ื”ื ื ื”ืจื•ืช ืื• ืžื™ ืชื”ื•ื.
06:08
So actually, if you want to go and make your own mini-cemetery,
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ืื– ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ื•ืœืคืชื•ื— ืžื™ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืงื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืœื›ื,
06:12
then you can.
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ืื– ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื.
06:13
But I mean, like -- really, who does this? Right?
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช, ื›ืื™ืœื• -- ื‘ืืžืช, ืžื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”? ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
06:18
Well, if you're an aristocratic family and you have a large estate,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ืืชื ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืืจื™ืกื˜ื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืื—ื•ื–ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”,
06:21
then there's a chance that you'll have a mausoleum on it,
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืžื•ื–ื•ืœืื•ื ื‘ื”,
06:24
and you'll bury your family there.
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ื•ืืชื ืชืงื‘ืจื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉื.
06:26
But the really weird thing
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืืžืช
06:28
is that you don't need to have a piece of land of a certain size
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืืชื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืคื™ืกืช ืื“ืžื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื
06:32
before you're allowed to start burying people on it.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื›ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืงื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื.
06:34
And so that means that, technically,
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ื•ื›ืš ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื˜ื›ื ื™ืช,
06:36
this applies to, like, the back garden of your house in the suburbs.
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ื–ื” ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก, ื›ืื™ืœื•, ืœื’ื™ื ื” ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื•ืจื™ื.
06:40
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:42
So what if you wanted to try this yourself at home?
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ืื– ืžื” ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื›ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช?
06:46
Well, there's a few councils that have guidance on their website
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ
06:50
which can help you.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื.
06:51
So, the first thing that they tell you
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ืื–, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื›ื
06:54
is that you need to have a certificate of burial before you can go ahead --
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ื–ื” ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื --
06:57
you're not allowed to just murder people and put them under the patio.
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ืืกื•ืจ ืœื›ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืจืฆื•ื— ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืœืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืคื˜ื™ื•.
07:01
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:04
They also tell you that you need to keep a record of where the grave is.
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ื”ื ื’ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื›ื ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืชืขื“ ืืช ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ืงื‘ืจ.
07:08
But that's pretty much it for formal requirements.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ื•ืช.
07:10
Now, they do warn you that your neighbors might not like this,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ื ืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืืชื›ื ืฉื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื™ืื”ื‘ื• ืืช ื–ื”,
07:13
but, legally speaking, there's almost nothing that they can do about it.
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ืื‘ืœ, ื—ื•ืงื™ืช, ืื™ืŸ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื.
07:17
And just in case any of you still had that profit idea in your mind
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ื•ืจืง ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื›ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืืช ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—
07:22
about how much those burial plots cost
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ืžื” ื—ืœืงื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืืœื• ืขื•ืœื•ืช
07:25
and how much money you might be able to make,
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ื•ื›ืžื” ื›ืกืฃ ืืชื ืื•ืœื™ ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—,
07:27
they also warn that it might cause the value of your house
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ื”ื ื’ื ืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœืขืจืš ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื
07:30
to drop by 20 percent.
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ืœืฆื ื•ื— ื‘ 20 ืื—ื•ื–.
07:32
Although, actually, it's more likely
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ืœืžืจื•ืช, ืฉืœืžืขืฉื”, ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™
07:34
that no one will want to buy your house at all after that.
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ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ืจืฆื” ืœืงื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืœ ื–ื”.
07:38
So what I find fascinating about this
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื•ืฆืืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื”
07:40
is the fact that it kind of sums up many of our attitudes towards death.
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ื–ื• ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืกื›ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช.
07:46
In the UK, and I think that the figures across Europe are probably similar,
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ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื”, ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื”ื ื›ื ืจืื” ื“ื•ืžื™ื,
07:50
only about 30 percent of people have ever talked to anyone
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ืจืง ื‘ืขืจืš 30 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ ืคืขื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืขื ืžื™ืฉื”ื•
07:53
about their wishes around death,
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื•ื•ืช,
07:55
and even for people over 75,
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ 75,
07:57
only 45 percent of people have ever talked about this.
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ืจืง 45 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ ืคืขื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื–ื”.
08:01
And the reasons that people give ... you know,
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื... ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
08:04
they think that their death is far off
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ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืจื—ื•ืง
08:06
or they think that they're going to make people uncomfortable
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ืื• ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื™ื’ืจืžื• ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืกืจ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช
08:08
by talking about it.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
08:10
And you know, to a certain extent,
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช,
08:12
there are other people out there who are taking care of things for us.
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ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื ืฉืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื•.
08:15
The government has all this regulation and bureaucracy around things
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ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื™ืฉ ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื
08:19
like burying a death, for example,
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ื›ืžื• ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืžื•ื•ืช, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
08:21
and there's people like funeral directors
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื•ืช
08:23
who devote their entire working lives to this issue.
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ืฉืžืงื“ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืฉื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ืœื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”.
08:26
But when it comes to our cities
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืขืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
08:27
and thinking about how death fits in our cities,
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ื•ืื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืžื•ื•ืช ืžืชืื™ื ืœืขืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
08:30
there's much less regulation and design and thought
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ื•ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”
08:35
than we might imagine.
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ืžืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ.
08:36
So we're not thinking about this,
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”,
08:38
but all of the people we imagine are thinking about it --
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื” --
08:41
they're not taking care of it either.
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ื’ื ื”ื ืœื ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื–ื”.
08:43
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
08:44
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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