Ethan Nadelmann: Why we need to end the War on Drugs

321,445 views ใƒป 2014-11-12

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shir Ben Asher Kestin ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
What has the War on Drugs done to the world?
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ืžื” ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืกืžื™ื ืขื•ืœืœื” ืœืขื•ืœื ?
00:16
Look at the murder and mayhem in Mexico,
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ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื”ื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืกื™ืงื•,
00:19
Central America, so many other parts of the planet,
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ืžืจื›ื– ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ืœืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
00:22
the global black market estimated
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ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืžื•ืขืจืš
00:24
at 300 billion dollars a year,
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ื‘-300 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”,
00:27
prisons packed in the United States and elsewhere,
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ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ ืžืœืื™ื ืขื“ ืืคืก ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื,
00:30
police and military drawn into an unwinnable war
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ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ืฆื‘ื ื ืฉืื‘ื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื”ื›ืจืขื”
00:33
that violates basic rights, and ordinary citizens
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ืฉืžืคืจื” ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื•ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืจื”
00:36
just hope they don't get caught in the crossfire,
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ืœื›ื“ื• ื‘ืืฉ ื”ืฆื•ืœื‘ืช,
00:39
and meanwhile, more people using
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ื•ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื
00:42
more drugs than ever.
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ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกืžื™ื ืžืื™ ืคืขื.
00:44
It's my country's history with alcohol prohibition
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ื–ื• ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื™ ืขื ื—ื•ืง ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ
00:46
and Al Capone, times 50.
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ื•ืืœ ืงืืคื•ืŸ, ืคื™ 50.
00:49
Which is why it's particularly galling to me
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ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื–ื” ืžืจื’ื™ื– ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
00:53
as an American that we've been the driving force
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ื›ืื–ืจื— ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื ื™ืข
00:56
behind this global drug war.
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ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื‘ืกืžื™ื.
00:58
Ask why so many countries criminalize
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ืฉืืœื• ืœืžื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื—ื•ืง
01:00
drugs they'd never heard of,
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ืกืžื™ื ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืฉืžืขื• ืขืœื™ื”ื,
01:02
why the U.N. drug treaties emphasize
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ืกืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช
01:05
criminalization over health,
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ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื—ื•ืง ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช,
01:07
even why most of the money worldwide
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืžื” ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™
01:09
for dealing with drug abuse goes not
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ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื ื–ืงื™ ื”ืกืžื™ื
01:11
to helping agencies but those that punish,
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ืœื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ืืœื ืœืืœื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ืฉื™ื,
01:14
and you'll find the good old U.S. of A.
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ื•ืชืžืฆืื• ืืช ืืจื”"ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
01:17
Why did we do this?
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ืœืžื” ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื–ืืช?
01:19
Some people, especially in Latin America,
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ื™ืฉื ื ืื ืฉื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช,
01:23
think it's not really about drugs.
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ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืกืžื™ื.
01:24
It's just a subterfuge for advancing
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ื–ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืœื” ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืงื“ื
01:27
the realpolitik interests of the U.S.
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ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืื•ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘.
01:30
But by and large, that's not it.
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ืื•ืœื, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ื–ื” ืœื ื–ื”.
01:33
We don't want gangsters and guerrillas
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื’ืจื™ืœื”
01:36
funded with illegal drug money
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ืžืžื•ืžื ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืกืคื™ ืกืžื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ื™ื
01:38
terrorizing and taking over other nations.
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ื™ื˜ื™ืœื• ืื™ืžื” ื•ื™ืฉืชืœื˜ื• ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
01:41
No, the fact is, America really is crazy
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ืœื, ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืืจื”"ื‘ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉื•ื’ืขืช
01:46
when it comes to drugs.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืกืžื™ื.
01:48
I mean, don't forget, we're the ones who thought
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ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื™ ื”ื™ื, ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื—ื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ืืœื” ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื•
01:50
that we could prohibit alcohol.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืืกื•ืจ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ.
01:51
So think about our global drug war
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ืื– ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืกืžื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•
01:54
not as any sort of rational policy,
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ืœื ื›ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ืช,
01:56
but as the international projection
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ืืœื ื›ื”ืฉืœื›ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช
01:59
of a domestic psychosis.
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ืฉืœ ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื–ื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช.
02:03
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
02:06
But here's the good news.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช:
02:07
Now it's the Russians leading the Drug War and not us.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืจื•ืกื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืกืžื™ื ื•ืœื ืื ื—ื ื•.
02:11
Most politicians in my country
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื‘ืืจืฆื™
02:12
want to roll back the Drug War now,
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ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื™ืœื•ืš ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืกืžื™ื,
02:14
put fewer people behind bars, not more,
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ืœืฉื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืกื•ืจื’ื™ื, ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:16
and I'm proud to say as an American
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ื•ื›ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืื ื™ ื’ืื” ืœื•ืžืจ
02:19
that we now lead the world
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ืฉื›ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ื”ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื
02:20
in reforming marijuana policies.
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ื‘ื”ื—ืœืช ืจืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื™ื—ื•ืื ื”.
02:23
It's now legal for medical purposes
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ื”ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช
02:25
in almost half our 50 states,
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ื‘ื›ืžืขื˜ ื—ืฆื™ ืž-50 ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
02:26
millions of people can purchase their marijuana,
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ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืจื™ื—ื•ืื ื” ืฉืœื”ื,
02:29
their medicine, in government- licensed dispensaries,
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ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ืฉืœื”ื, ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืžื›ืจ ื”ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”,
02:32
and over half my fellow citizens now say it's time
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ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืฆื™ ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ื™ ื–ื”ื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ
02:35
to legally regulate and tax marijuana
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ืœืคืงื— ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื•ืœืžืกื•ืช ืžืจื™ื—ื•ืื ื”
02:37
more or less like alcohol.
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ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ.
02:39
That's what Colorado and Washington are doing,
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืœื•ืจื“ื• ื•ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื•ืช.
02:41
and Uruguay, and others are sure to follow.
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ื•ืื•ืจื•ื’ื•ื•ืื™, ื•ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ืœื›ื• ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ.
02:45
So that's what I do:
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ืื– ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื”:
02:48
work to end the Drug War.
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ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืžืขืŸ ืกื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืกืžื™ื.
02:51
I think it all started growing up
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื›ืฉื’ื“ืœืชื™
02:54
in a fairly religious, moral family,
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ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช, ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ื“ืชื™ืช,
02:57
eldest son of a rabbi,
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ื‘ื ื• ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™,
02:59
going off to university where I
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ื•ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”
03:01
smoked some marijuana
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ืฉื ืขื™ืฉื ืชื™ ืงืฆืช ืžืจื™ื—ื•ืื ื”
03:04
and I liked it. (Laughter)
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ื•ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:06
And I liked drinking too, but it was obvious
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ื•ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื’ื ื›ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ
03:09
that alcohol was really the more dangerous of the two,
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ืฉืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื
03:11
but my friends and I could get busted
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื›ืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ืขืฆืจ
03:13
for smoking a joint.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื’'ื•ื™ื ื˜.
03:15
Now, that hypocrisy kept bugging me,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืง ืœื™,
03:17
so I wrote my Ph.D dissertation on international drug control.
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ืื– ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœื™ ืขืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืกืžื™ื.
03:20
I talked my way into the State Department.
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ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ืœืชื•ืš ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ.
03:23
I got a security clearance.
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ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™.
03:24
I interviewed hundreds of DEA and other law enforcement agents
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ืจืื™ื™ื ืชื™ ืžืื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืกืžื™ื ื•ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืง ืื—ืจื•ืช
03:27
all around Europe and the Americas,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื•ื™ื‘ืฉืช ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
03:29
and I'd ask them,
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ื•ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื,
03:30
"What do you think the answer is?"
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"ืžื” ืœื“ืขืชืš ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”?"
03:33
Well, in Latin America, they'd say to me,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื”ื ืืžืจื•
03:36
"You can't really cut off the supply.
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"ืืชื” ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข.
03:38
The answer lies back in the U.S.,
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื˜ืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
03:40
in cutting off the demand."
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ื‘ืขืฆื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ."
03:42
So then I go back home and I talk to people
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื
03:44
involved in anti-drug efforts there, and they'd say,
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ืฉืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืืžืฆื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืกืžื™ื ื›ืืŸ, ื•ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื:
03:47
"You know, Ethan, you can't really cut off the demand.
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"ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืื™ืช'ืŸ, ืืชื” ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ.
03:50
The answer lies over there. You've got to cut off the supply."
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื˜ืžื•ื ื” ืฉื. ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข."
03:53
Then I'd go and talk to the guys in customs
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจ'ื” ื‘ืžื›ืก
03:56
trying to stop drugs at the borders,
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ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืกืžื™ื ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช,
03:58
and they'd say, "You're not going to stop it here.
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ื•ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื: "ืืชื” ืœื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืืŸ.
04:01
The answer lies over there,
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื˜ืžื•ื ื” ืฉื,
04:03
in cutting off supply and demand."
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ื‘ืขืฆื™ืจืช ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ."
04:06
And it hit me:
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื›ื” ื‘ื™:
04:08
Everybody involved in this
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ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื–ื”
04:10
thought the answer lay in that area
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ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื˜ืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืชื—ื•ื
04:13
about which they knew the least.
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ื‘ื• ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืคื—ื•ืช.
04:16
So that's when I started reading everything I could
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ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™
04:18
about psychoactive drugs: the history, the science,
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ืขืœ ืกืžื™ื ืคืกื™ื›ื•-ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื: ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ื”ืžื“ืข,
04:21
the politics, all of it,
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ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”, ื”ื›ืœ,
04:23
and the more one read,
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ื,
04:25
the more it hit you how a thoughtful,
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ื›ืš ื–ื” ืžื›ื” ื‘ืš, ืื™ืš ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžืชื—ืฉื‘ืช,
04:28
enlightened, intelligent approach took you over here,
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ื ืื•ืจื” ื•ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืื•ืชืš ืœื›ืืŸ,
04:31
whereas the politics and laws of my country
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื™
04:34
were taking you over here.
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ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืื•ืชืš ืœื›ืืŸ.
04:36
And that disparity struck me as this incredible
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ื•ื”ืคืขืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื›ื” ื‘ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืจ
04:40
intellectual and moral puzzle.
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ื—ื™ื“ื” ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ื•ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”.
04:46
There's probably never been
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ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื”
04:48
a drug-free society.
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ื—ื‘ืจื” ื ื˜ื•ืœืช ืกืžื™ื.
04:51
Virtually every society
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื”
04:52
has ingested psychoactive substances
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ืฆืจื›ื” ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื
04:55
to deal with pain, increase our energy, socialize,
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ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื›ืื‘, ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช,
04:58
even commune with God.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืขื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื.
05:00
Our desire to alter our consciousness
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ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื” ืฉืœื ื•
05:03
may be as fundamental as our desires
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
05:05
for food, companionship and sex.
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ืœืื•ื›ืœ, ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ื™ื—ืกื™ ืžื™ืŸ.
05:09
So our true challenge
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ืื– ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœื ื•
05:11
is to learn how to live with drugs
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ื”ื•ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืกืžื™ื
05:14
so they cause the least possible harm
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื™ื’ืจืžื• ืืช ื”ื ื–ืง ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ ื”ืืคืฉืจื™
05:17
and in some cases the greatest possible benefit.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืงืจื™ื, ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ ื”ืืคืฉืจื™.
05:21
I'll tell you something else I learned,
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ืื ื™ ืืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืžืฉื”ื• ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™,
05:23
that the reason some drugs are legal and others not
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ืฉืœืกื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกืžื™ื ื—ื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืœืง ืื™ื ื
05:26
has almost nothing to do with science or health
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ืœืžื“ืข ืื• ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
05:29
or the relative risk of drugs,
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ืื• ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื,
05:31
and almost everything to do with who uses
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ื•ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืžื™ ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉ
05:34
and who is perceived to use particular drugs.
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ื•ืžื™ ื”ื ืืœื” ืฉื ืชืคืกื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื ืžืกื•ื™ื.
05:37
In the late 19th century,
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ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ื”ืžืื” ื”-19,
05:39
when most of the drugs that are now illegal were legal,
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ื›ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืกืžื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื—ื•ืงื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ืงื™ื™ื,
05:42
the principal consumers of opiates in my country
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ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืคื™ื™ืื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื™
05:45
and others were middle-aged white women,
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ื•ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื”,
05:49
using them to alleviate aches and pains
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ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื”ื ืœื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ืžื›ืื•ื‘ื™ื
05:51
when few other analgesics were available.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืขื˜ ืžืฉื›ื—ื™ ื›ืื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื.
05:54
And nobody thought about criminalizing it back then
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ื•ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื—ื•ืง ื‘ื–ืžื ื•
05:56
because nobody wanted to put Grandma behind bars.
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืจืฆื” ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ืกื‘ืชื ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืกื•ืจื’ื™ื.
05:59
But when hundreds of thousands of Chinese
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ืืš ื›ืฉืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืกื™ื ื™ื
06:01
started showing up in my country,
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ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื™,
06:03
working hard on the railroads and the mines
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ืขื‘ื“ื• ืงืฉื” ื‘ืคืกื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื•ื‘ืžื›ืจื•ืช
06:06
and then kicking back in the evening
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ื•ืื– ื ืจื’ืขื• ื‘ืขืจื‘
06:07
just like they had in the old country
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืจืฆื ื”ื™ืฉื ื”
06:09
with a few puffs on that opium pipe,
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ืขื ื›ืžื” ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ืžืžืงื˜ืจืช ื”ืื•ืคื™ื•ื,
06:12
that's when you saw the first drug prohibition laws
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ืื– ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื—ื•ืงื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืกืžื™ื
06:14
in California and Nevada,
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ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื” ื•ื ื•ื•ืื“ื”,
06:16
driven by racist fears of Chinese
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ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคื—ื“ ื’ื–ืขื ื™ ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ืกื™ื ื™ื
06:18
transforming white women
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ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœื‘ื ื•ืช
06:19
into opium-addicted sex slaves.
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ืœืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืกืงืก ืžื›ื•ืจื•ืช ืœืื•ืคื™ื•ื.
06:23
The first cocaine prohibition laws, similarly prompted
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ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงื•ืงืื™ืŸ, ืฆืฆื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื•ืžื”
06:26
by racist fears of black men sniffing that white powder
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ืขืงื‘ ืคื—ื“ื™ื ื’ื–ืขื ื™ื™ื ืžื›ืš ืฉื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื™ืกื ื™ืคื• ืืช ื”ืื‘ืงื” ื”ืœื‘ื ื”
06:29
and forgetting their proper place
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ื•ื™ืฉื›ื—ื• ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื ื”ืจืื•ื™
06:31
in Southern society.
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ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช.
06:33
And the first marijuana prohibition laws,
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ื•ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืจื™ื—ื•ืื ื”,
06:35
all about fears of Mexican migrants
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ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืคื—ื“ ืžืžื”ื’ืจื™ื ืžืงืกื™ืงื ื™ื
06:37
in the West and the Southwest.
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ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ื•ื‘ื“ืจื•ื-ืžืขืจื‘.
06:41
And what was true in my country,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื™,
06:44
is true in so many others as well,
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช,
06:46
with both the origins of these laws
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ื”ืŸ ืœืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
06:49
and their implementation.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœื”ื.
06:52
Put it this way,
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ืื ืกื— ื–ืืช ื›ืš,
06:54
and I exaggerate only slightly:
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื’ื–ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืžืขื˜:
06:56
If the principal smokers of cocaine
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ืื ื”ืžืขืฉื ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื•ืงืื™ืŸ
06:59
were affluent older white men
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ื”ื™ื• ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื•ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื
07:01
and the principal consumers of Viagra
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ื•ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื•ื™ืื’ืจื”
07:04
were poor young black men,
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ื”ื™ื• ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื•ืขื ื™ื™ื,
07:06
then smokable cocaine would be easy to get with a prescription from your doctor
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ืื– ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืงื•ืงืื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ ืขื ืžืจืฉื ืจื•ืคื
07:09
and selling Viagra would get you five to 10 years behind bars.
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ื•ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื•ื™ืื’ืจื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื›ื ื™ืกื” ืื•ืชืš ืœ5 ืขื“ 10 ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืกื•ืจื’ื™ื.
07:13
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
07:16
I used to be a professor teaching about this.
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ืคืขื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ื•ื”ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืขืœ ื›ืš.
07:20
Now I'm an activist, a human rights activist,
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ื›ืขืช ืื ื™ ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืกื˜, ืคืขื™ืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื,
07:24
and what drives me is my shame
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืžื ื™ืข ืื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื™
07:27
at living in an otherwise great nation
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ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื ื”ื“ืจืช,
07:29
that has less than five percent of the world's population
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-5% ืžืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื
07:32
but almost 25 percent of the world's incarcerated population.
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ืืš ืœืคื—ื•ืช 25% ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื›ืœื•ืื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
07:35
It's the people I meet who have lost someone
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ืืœื• ื”ื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืคื•ื’ืฉ ืฉืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืžื™ืฉื”ื•
07:38
they love to drug-related violence or prison
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ืฉื”ื ืื”ื‘ื• ืœืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ืกืžื™ื ืื• ืœื›ืœื
07:40
or overdose or AIDS
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ืื• ืžื ืช ื™ืชืจ ืื• ืื™ื™ื“ืก
07:42
because our drug policies emphasize
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกืžื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื”
07:44
criminalization over health.
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ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืžื”ื—ื•ืง ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
07:46
It's good people who have lost their jobs,
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ืืœื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื”ื,
07:49
their homes, their freedom, even their children
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ืืช ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
07:53
to the state, not because they hurt anyone
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ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ืžื™ืฉื”ื•
07:56
but solely because they chose to use one drug
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืกื ืื—ื“
07:59
instead of another.
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ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื ื™.
08:02
So is legalization the answer?
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ืื– ื”ืื ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”?
08:07
On that, I'm torn:
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ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”, ืื ื™ ืงืจื•ืข:
08:09
three days a week I think yes, three days a week I think no,
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ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื›ืŸ, ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืœื,
08:12
and on Sundays I'm agnostic.
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ื•ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืื ื™ ืื’ื ื•ืกื˜ื™.
08:14
But since today is Tuesday,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™,
08:17
let me just say that legally regulating and taxing
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ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืจืง ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื—ื•ืงื™
08:21
most of the drugs that are now criminalized
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ืฉืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืกืžื™ื ืฉื”ื ื›ืขืช ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื—ื•ืง
08:24
would radically reduce the crime, violence,
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ื™ืคื—ื™ืชื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืืช ื”ืคืฉืข, ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช,
08:26
corruption and black markets,
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ื”ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ,
08:28
and the problems of adulterated and unregulated drugs,
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ื•ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกืžื™ื ืžื“ื•ืœืœื™ื ื•ืœื ืžืคื•ืงื—ื™ื,
08:31
and improve public safety,
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ื•ื™ืฉืคืจื• ืืช ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
08:33
and allow taxpayer resources to be developed
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ื•ื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœืžืฉืื‘ื™ ืžืฉืœืžื™ ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืชื—ื™ื
08:35
to more useful purposes.
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ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:37
I mean, look, the markets in marijuana, cocaine,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•, ื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืจื™ื—ื•ืื ื”, ืงื•ืงืื™ืŸ,
08:41
heroin and methamphetamine
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ื”ืจื•ืื™ืŸ ื•ืžืชืืžืคื˜ืžื™ืŸ
08:43
are global commodities markets
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ื”ื ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ ืžืฆืจื›ื™ื ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื
08:46
just like the global markets in alcohol, tobacco,
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ, ื˜ื‘ืง,
08:49
coffee, sugar, and so many other things.
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ืงืคื”, ืกื•ื›ืจ ื•ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.
08:52
Where there is a demand,
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ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ,
08:54
there will be a supply.
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ืฆืข.
08:57
Knock out one source and another
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ื—ืกืœื• ืžืงื•ืจ ืื—ื“, ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืข
08:59
inevitably emerges.
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ืžืงื•ืจ ืื—ืจ ื™ืฆื•ืฅ.
09:00
People tend to think of prohibition
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ
09:03
as the ultimate form of regulation
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ื›ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื”
09:05
when in fact it represents the abdication of regulation
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื”
09:09
with criminals filling the void.
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ืขื ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ืฉืžืœืื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœ.
09:13
Which is why putting criminal laws and police
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ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœื” ืœืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืคืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืžืฉื˜ืจื”
09:16
front and center in trying to control
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ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜
09:19
a dynamic global commodities market
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ืฉื•ืง ืžืฆืจื›ื™ื ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื•ื“ื™ื ืžื™
09:22
is a recipe for disaster.
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ื–ื” ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ืœืืกื•ืŸ.
09:25
And what we really need to do
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช
09:27
is to bring the underground drug markets
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ื–ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ ื”ืกืžื™ื ื”ืžื—ืชืจืชื™ื™ื
09:29
as much as possible aboveground
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ืœืžืงื•ื ื’ืœื•ื™ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ
09:32
and regulate them as intelligently as we can
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ื•ืœืคืงื— ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ
09:36
to minimize both the harms of drugs
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ืœืžื–ืขื•ืจ ื”ืŸ ืืช ื ื–ืงื™ ื”ืกืžื™ื
09:39
and the harms of prohibitionist policies.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ื ื–ืงื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ.
09:43
Now, with marijuana, that obviously means
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืขื ืžืจื™ื—ื•ืื ื”, ื–ื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ
09:46
legally regulating and taxing it like alcohol.
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ืœืคืงื— ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื•ืœืžืกื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ื›ืžื• ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ.
09:49
The benefits of doing so are enormous, the risks minimal.
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ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื, ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™.
09:52
Will more people use marijuana?
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ื”ืื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืžืจื™ื—ื•ืื ื”?
09:55
Maybe, but it's not going to be young people,
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ืื•ืœื™, ืื‘ืœ ืืœื” ืœื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื,
09:59
because it's not going to be legalized for them,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจื
10:01
and quite frankly, they already have
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ื•ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื
10:03
the best access to marijuana.
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ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืจื™ื—ื•ืื ื”.
10:05
I think it's going to be older people.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืœื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
10:07
It's going to be people in their 40s and 60s
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ืืœื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-40 ื•ื”-60 ืฉืœื”ื
10:09
and 80s who find they prefer a little marijuana
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ื•ื”-80, ืฉืžื’ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ืงืฆืช ืžืจื™ื—ื•ืื ื”
10:13
to that drink in the evening or the sleeping pill
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ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืงื” ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืื• ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื”
10:16
or that it helps with their arthritis or diabetes
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ืื• ืฉื–ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื“ืœืงืช ืคืจืงื™ื ืื• ืกื›ืจืช
10:20
or maybe helps spice up a long-term marriage. (Laughter)
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ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืชื‘ืœ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:25
And that just might be a net public health benefit.
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื— ื ืงื™ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช.
10:28
As for the other drugs,
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ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืกืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื,
10:30
look at Portugal, where nobody goes to jail
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœ, ืฉื ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืื™ื ื• ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื›ืœื
10:33
for possessing drugs,
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ืขืœ ื”ื—ื–ืงืช ืกืžื™ื,
10:35
and the government's made a serious commitment
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ื•ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช
10:36
to treating addiction as a health issue.
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ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืชืžื›ืจื•ืช ื›ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™.
10:38
Look at Switzerland, Germany, the Netherlands,
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ, ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”, ื”ื•ืœื ื“,
10:40
Denmark, England, where people who have
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ื“ื ืžืจืง, ืื ื’ืœื™ื”, ืฉื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื•
10:42
been addicted to heroin for many years
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ืžื›ื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืจื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ื
10:44
and repeatedly tried to quit and failed
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ื•ื ื™ืกื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืš ื ื›ืฉืœื•
10:46
can get pharmaceutical heroin and helping services
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืจื•ืื™ืŸ ืจืคื•ืื™ ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืกื™ื•ืข
10:49
in medical clinics, and the results are in:
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ื‘ืžืจืคืื•ืช. ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช:
10:53
Illegal drug abuse and disease
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ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื‘ืกืžื™ื ื•ืชื—ืœื•ืื”
10:56
and overdoses and crime and arrests all go down,
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ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืชืจ ื•ืคืฉืข ื•ืžืขืฆืจื™ื, ื›ื•ืœื ืคื—ืชื•.
11:00
health and well-being improve,
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ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืžืฉืชืคืจื•ืช,
11:02
taxpayers benefit,
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ืžืฉืœืžื™ ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื™ื,
11:04
and many drug users even put their addictions behind them.
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ื•ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ ืกืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื ืคื˜ืจื™ื ืžื”ื”ืชืžื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
11:08
Look at New Zealand, which recently enacted a law
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื–ื™ืœื ื“, ืฉื ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขื‘ืจ ื—ื•ืง
11:11
allowing certain recreational drugs to be sold legally
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกืžื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืื™ืฉื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื›ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื•ืงื™
11:14
provided their safety had been established.
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ื‘ื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชื ื”ื•ื›ื—ื”.
11:16
Look here in Brazil, and some other countries,
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ, ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช,
11:19
where a remarkable psychoactive substance,
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ืฉื ืกื ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ,
11:22
ayahuasca, can be legally bought and consumed
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ืื™ืื•ื•ืกืงื”, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื•ืงื™
11:25
provided it's done so within a religious context.
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ื‘ื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื“ืชื™.
11:28
Look in Bolivia and Peru,
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ื‘ื•ืœื™ื‘ื™ื” ื•ืคืจื•,
11:30
where all sorts of products made from the coca leaf,
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ื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคืงื™ื ืžืฆืžื— ื”ืงื•ืงื”,
11:33
the source of cocaine,
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ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืงื•ืงืื™ืŸ,
11:35
are sold legally over the counter
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ื ืžื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื•ืงื™
11:37
with no apparent harm to people's public health.
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ืœืœื ื ื–ืง ื ืจืื” ืœืขื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
11:40
I mean, don't forget, Coca-Cola had cocaine in it until 1900,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื—ื•, ื‘ืงื•ืงื” ืงื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืงืื™ืŸ ืขื“ 1900,
11:44
and so far as we know was no more addictive
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ื•ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขื“ ื›ื”
ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื›ืจ
11:46
than Coca-Cola is today.
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ืžืงื•ืงื” ืงื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื•ื.
11:50
Conversely, think about cigarettes:
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื”ืคื•ืš, ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืกื™ื’ืจื™ื•ืช:
11:53
Nothing can both hook you and kill you like cigarettes.
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžื›ืจ ืื•ืชืš ื•ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืื•ืชืš ื›ืžื• ืกื™ื’ืจื™ื•ืช.
11:58
When researchers ask heroin addicts
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ื›ืฉื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืžื›ื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืจื•ืื™ืŸ
12:01
what's the toughest drug to quit, most say cigarettes.
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ืžื” ื”ืกื ืฉื”ื›ื™ ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื™ื’ืžืœ ืžืžื ื•, ืจื•ื‘ื ืขื•ื ื™ื ืกื™ื’ืจื™ื•ืช.
12:04
Yet in my country and many others,
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ืืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ื•ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื—ืจื•ืช,
12:07
half of all the people who were ever addicted
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ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื•
12:09
to cigarettes have quit
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ืžื›ื•ืจื™ื ืœืกื™ื’ืจื™ื•ืช ื ื’ืžืœื•
12:11
without anyone being arrested or put in jail
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ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ืขืฆืจ ืื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœื
12:14
or sent to a "treatment program"
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ืื• ืœื”ื™ืฉืœื— ืœ"ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ"
12:16
by a prosecutor or a judge.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชื•ื‘ืข ืื• ืฉื•ืคื˜.
12:18
What did it were higher taxes
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ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื• ืžื™ืกื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
12:21
and time and place restrictions on sale and use
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ื•ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืขืœ ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ
12:25
and effective anti-smoking campaigns.
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ื•ืงืžืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ื ื’ื“ ืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ.
12:28
Now, could we reduce smoking even more
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ
12:32
by making it totally illegal? Probably.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคื™ื›ืชื• ืœื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ?
ื›ื ืจืื”.
12:36
But just imagine the drug war nightmare
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืกืžื™ื
12:40
that would result.
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ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš.
12:43
So the challenges we face today
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ืื– ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื
12:45
are twofold.
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ื”ื ื›ืคื•ืœื™ื.
12:47
The first is the policy challenge
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืืชื’ืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช
12:50
of designing and implementing alternatives
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ืฉืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื•ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช
12:54
to ineffective prohibitionist policies,
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ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช,
12:56
even as we need to get better at regulating
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืคืจ ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื—
13:00
and living with the drugs that are now legal.
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ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ื”ืกืžื™ื ืฉื”ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื—ื•ืงื™ื™ื.
13:03
But the second challenge is tougher,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
13:07
because it's about us.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืงืฉื•ืจ ืืœื™ื ื•.
13:10
The obstacles to reform lie not just out there
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ื”ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ
13:14
in the power of the prison industrial complex
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ื‘ื›ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืžืคืœืงืก ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœื
13:16
or other vested interests that want to keep things
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ืื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
13:18
the way they are,
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ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื,
13:20
but within each and every one of us.
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ืืœื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื•.
13:23
It's our fears and our lack of knowledge
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ืืœื• ื”ื ื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ื“ืข
13:27
and imagination that stands in the way of real reform.
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ื•ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช.
13:34
And ultimately, I think that boils down to the kids,
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื,
13:39
and to every parent's desire to put our baby in a bubble,
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ื•ืœื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืจื” ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ื•ืขื”,
13:42
and the fear that somehow drugs will pierce that bubble
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ื•ื”ืคื—ื“ ืฉืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืกืžื™ื ื™ืคื•ืฆืฆื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ืขื” ื”ื–ื•
13:46
and put our young ones at risk.
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ื•ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื• ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื• ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
13:48
In fact, sometimes it seems like the entire
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื–ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืื™ืœื•
13:50
War on Drugs gets justified
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ื”ืžื—ืœืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืกืžื™ื ื›ื•ืœื” ืžื•ืฆื“ืงืช
13:52
as one great big child protection act,
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ื›ืžืขืฉื” ืื—ื“ ืื“ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ื™ืœื“,
13:56
which any young person can tell you it's not.
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ื•ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืฆืขื™ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ื ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื›ืš.
13:59
So here's what I say to teenagers.
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื.
14:03
First, don't do drugs.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืืœ ืชืขืฉื• ืกืžื™ื.
14:07
Second, don't do drugs.
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ืืœ ืชืขืฉื• ืกืžื™ื.
14:11
Third, if you do do drugs,
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ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ืื ืืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืกืžื™ื,
14:14
there's some things I want you to know,
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื“ืขื•,
14:17
because my bottom line as your parent is,
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ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ื•ืจื” ืฉืœื›ื ื”ื™ื,
14:21
come home safely at the end of the night
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ื—ื–ืจื• ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืขืจื‘
14:24
and grow up and lead a healthy and good adulthood.
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ื•ื’ื“ืœื• ืœื ื”ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
14:27
That's my drug education mantra: Safety first.
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ื–ื• ื”ืžื ื˜ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœืกืžื™ื: ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื›ืœ.
14:33
So this is what I've dedicated my life to,
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ืื– ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืช ื—ื™ื™,
14:37
to building an organization and a movement
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ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื•ืชื ื•ืขื”
14:39
of people who believe we need to turn our backs
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ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืืช ื’ื‘ื™ื ื•
14:42
on the failed prohibitions of the past
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ืœืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ
14:44
and embrace new drug policies grounded in science,
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ื•ืœืืžืฅ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ื™ื•ืช ืกืžื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื“ืข,
14:47
compassion, health and human rights,
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ื—ืžืœื”, ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื,
14:50
where people who come from across the political spectrum
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ื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ืื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืกืคืงื˜ืจื•ื ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™
14:52
and every other spectrum as well,
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ื•ื›ืœ ืกืคืงื˜ืจื•ื ืื—ืจ,
14:54
where people who love our drugs,
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ื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืžื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
14:56
people who hate drugs,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฉื•ื ืื™ื ืกืžื™ื,
14:57
and people who don't give a damn about drugs,
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ืฉืžื™ื ืงืฆื•ืฅ ืขืœ ืกืžื™ื,
15:00
but every one of us believes that this War on Drugs,
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ืืš ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืกืžื™ื,
15:03
this backward, heartless, disastrous War on Drugs,
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ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ, ื—ืกืจืช ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื”ืจืช ื”ืืกื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•,
15:07
has got to end.
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ืกืชื™ื™ื.
15:11
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”
15:12
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
15:27
Thank you. Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”. ืชื•ื“ื”.
15:29
Chris Anderson: Ethan,
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(ื›ืจื™ืก ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ): ืื™ืช'ืŸ,
15:31
congrats โ€” quite the reaction.
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ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžืจืฉื™ืžื”.
15:35
That was a powerful talk.
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ืช.
15:37
Not quite a complete standing O, though,
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ืœื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช,
15:41
and I'm guessing that some people here
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืคื”
15:42
and maybe a few watching online,
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
15:45
maybe someone knows a teenager or a friend
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ืื•ืœื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืžืชื‘ื’ืจ ืื• ื—ื‘ืจ
15:49
or whatever who got sick,
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ืื• ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืœื”,
15:51
maybe died from some drug overdose.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืžืช ืžืžื ืช ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืกื ื›ืœืฉื”ื•.
15:54
I'm sure you've had these people approach you before.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืคื ื• ืืœื™ืš ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
15:56
What do you say to them?
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ืžื” ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื?
15:58
Ethan Nadelmann: Chris, the most amazing thing that's happened of late
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(ืื™ืช'ืŸ): ื›ืจื™ืก, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ืžื“ื”ื™ื
ืฉืงืจื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”
16:00
is that I've met a growing number of people
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื
16:02
who have actually lost a sibling or a child
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ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืื— ืื• ื™ืœื“
16:05
to a drug overdose,
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ืœืžื ืช ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืกืžื™ื,
16:07
and 10 years ago, those people just wanted to say,
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ื•ืœืคื ื™ 10 ืฉื ื™ื, ืื•ืชื ืื ืฉื™ื ืจืง ืจืฆื• ืœื•ืžืจ,
16:09
let's line up all the drug dealers and shoot them
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกื“ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ืกื•ื—ืจื™ ื”ืกืžื™ื
ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื•ื ื™ืจื” ื‘ื”ื
16:11
and that will solve it.
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ืคืชื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœ.
16:12
And what they've come to understand
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
16:13
is that the Drug War did nothing to protect their kids.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืกืžื™ื ืœื ืขืฉืชื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื.
16:16
If anything, it made it more likely
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ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื” ื–ืืช
ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื‘ื™ืจ
16:18
that those kids were put at risk.
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ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
16:20
And so they're now becoming part of this
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ื•ื›ืš ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื—ืœืง
16:21
drug policy reform movement.
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ืžืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกืžื™ื.
16:23
There's other people who have kids,
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ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื,
16:25
one's addicted to alcohol, the other one's addicted to cocaine or heroin,
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ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื•ืจ ืœืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ, ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžื›ื•ืจ ืœืงื•ืงืื™ืŸ ืื• ื”ืจื•ืื™ืŸ,
16:28
and they ask themselves the question:
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ื•ื”ื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื:
16:30
Why does this kid get to take one step at a time
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ืœืžื” ืœื™ืœื“ ื”ื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืงื—ืช ืฆืขื“-ืฆืขื“
16:32
and try to get better
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ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื
16:33
and that one's got to deal with jail
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ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ื›ืœื
16:35
and police and criminals all the time?
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ื•ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ?
16:37
So everybody's understanding,
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ืื– ื›ื•ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื,
16:38
the Drug War's not protecting anybody.
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ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืกืžื™ื ืœื ืžื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืืฃ ืื—ื“.
16:41
CA: Certainly in the U.S., you've got political gridlock
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(ื›ืจื™ืก): ื‘ื˜ื— ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื™ืฉ ื—ืกืžื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื
16:43
on most issues.
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ืขืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื.
16:45
Is there any realistic chance of anything
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืžืฉื”ื•
16:46
actually shifting on this issue in the next five years?
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ื‘ืืžืช ื™ืฉืชื ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื—ืžืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช?
16:50
EN: I'd say it's quite remarkable. I'm getting all these calls
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(ืื™ืช'ืŸ): ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
ืื ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช
16:52
from journalists now who are saying to me,
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ืžืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื™,
16:54
"Ethan, it seems like the only two issues
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"ืื™ืช'ืŸ, ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื
16:56
advancing politically in America right now
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ืฉืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื›ืจื’ืข
16:58
are marijuana law reform and gay marriage.
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ื”ื ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืจื™ื—ื•ืื ื” ื•ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื—ื“-ืžื™ื ื™ื™ื.
17:01
What are you doing right?"
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ืžื” ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ?"
17:02
And then you're looking at bipartisanship breaking out
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ื•ืื– ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ื–ื” ืฉื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื“ื• ืžืคืœื’ืชื™ ืžืชืžื•ื˜ื˜
17:05
with, actually, Republicans in the Congress
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ืขื, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก
17:07
and state legislatures allowing bills to be enacted
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ื•ืžื—ื•ืงืงื™ื ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื–ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ
17:10
with majority Democratic support,
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ืขื ืจื•ื‘ ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™,
17:12
so we've gone from being sort of the third rail,
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ืื– ื”ืคื›ื ื• ืžืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ืœื’ืœ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™,
17:15
the most fearful issue of American politics,
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ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื”ื›ื™ ืžืคื—ื“ื™ื ืžืžื ื• ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช,
17:17
to becoming one of the most successful.
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ืœืื—ื“ ืžื”ื”ื›ื™ ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื.
17:20
CA: Ethan, thank you so much for coming to TEDGlobal. EN: Chris, thanks so much.
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(ื›ืจื™ืก): ืื™ืช'ืŸ, ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืืช ืœ-TEDGlobal. (ืื™ืช'ืŸ): ื›ืจื™ืก, ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
17:22
CA: Thank you. EN: Thank you. (Applause)
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(ื›ืจื™ืก):ืชื•ื“ื”. (ืื™ืช'ืŸ): ืชื•ื“ื”. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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