Bill Doyle: Treating cancer with electric fields

188,785 views ใƒป 2012-01-31

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
Everybody in our society's life is touched by cancer --
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื ืคื’ืข ืžืกืจื˜ืŸ --
00:18
if not personally,
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ืื ืœื ืื™ืฉื™ืช,
00:20
then through a loved one, a family member,
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ื›ื™ ืื– ื“ืจืš ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื”ื•ื‘, ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืคื—ื”,
00:23
colleague, friend.
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ืขืžื™ืช, ื—ื‘ืจ,
00:25
And once our lives are touched by cancer,
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ื•ืžืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืœืฉ ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•
00:28
we quickly learn
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ืื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช
00:30
that there are basically
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ืฉื™ืฉื ื ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช
00:32
three weapons, or three tools, that are available
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ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื›ืœื™-ื ืฉืง, ืื• ื›ืœื™ื, ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืชื ื•
00:35
to fight the disease:
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืžื—ืœื” ื–ื•:
00:38
surgery, radiation and chemotherapy.
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ื ื™ืชื•ื—, ื”ืงืจื ื•ืช ื•ื›ื™ืžื•ืชืจืคื™ื”.
00:41
And once we get involved
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ื›ืฉืื ื• ื ืขืฉื™ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื
00:44
in the therapeutic decisions,
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ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ,
00:47
again either personally
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืื™ืฉื™ืช,
00:49
or with our loved ones and family members,
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ืื• ืขื ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•,
00:52
we also very quickly learn
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ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ืื ื• ื’ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื
00:55
the benefits, the trade-offs and the limitations
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ืžื” ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช
00:58
of these tools.
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ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ื ืืœื”.
01:00
I'm very thankful to Jay and to Mark
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ืื ื™ ืืกื™ืจ ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื’'ื™ื™ ื•ืœืžืืจืง
01:02
and the TEDMED team
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ื•ืœื›ืœ ืฆื•ื•ืช TEDMED
01:04
for inviting me today
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ืขืœ ืฉื”ื–ืžื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื•ื
01:06
to describe a fourth tool, a new tool,
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ืœืชืืจ ื›ืœื™ ืจื‘ื™ืขื™, ื›ืœื™ ื—ื“ืฉ,
01:09
that we call Tumor Treating Fields.
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ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื "ืฉื“ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื".
01:12
Tumor Treating Fields
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ื”ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื
01:14
were invented by Dr. Yoram Palti,
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ื”ื•ืžืฆืื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“"ืจ ื™ื•ืจื ืคืœื˜ื™,
01:17
professor emeritus at the Technion in Israel.
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ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืืžืจื™ื˜ื•ืก ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
01:20
And they use low-intensity
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ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ
01:22
electric fields
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ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื™ืžื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื”
01:24
to fight cancer.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืกืจื˜ืŸ.
01:26
To understand how Tumor Treating Fields work,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื”ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
01:29
we first need to understand
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ
01:31
what are electric fields.
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ืžื”ื ืฉื“ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื.
01:33
Let me first address
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก
01:36
a few popular misconceptions.
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ืœื›ืžื” ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช.
01:39
First of all, electric fields
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ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ, ืฉื“ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื
01:41
are not an electric current
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ืื™ื ื ื–ืจื ื—ืฉืžืœื™
01:43
that is coursing through the tissue.
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ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจ ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื™ืงืžื”.
01:46
Electric fields
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ืฉื“ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื
01:48
are not ionizing radiation,
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ืื™ื ื ืงืจื™ื ื” ืžื™ื™ื ื ืช,
01:50
like X-rays or proton beams,
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ื›ืžื• ืงืจื ื™ ืจื ื˜ื’ืŸ ืื• ืืœื•ืžื•ืช ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ื,
01:52
that bombard tissue
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ืฉืžืคืฆื™ืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจื™ืงืžื”
01:54
to disrupt DNA.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ื“ื™-ืืŸ-ืื™ื™.
01:56
And electric fields
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ื•ืฉื“ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื
01:58
are not magnetism.
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ืื™ื ื ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช.
02:00
What electric fields are
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ืฉื“ื” ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ื”ื•ื
02:02
are a field of forces.
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ืฉื“ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช,
02:05
And these forces
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ื•ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืืœื”
02:07
act on, attract, bodies
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ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื•ืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื ื’ื•ืคื™ื
02:10
that have an electrical charge.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžื˜ืขืŸ ื—ืฉืžืœื™.
02:13
The best way to visualize an electric field
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื“ื” ื—ืฉืžืœื™
02:15
is to think of gravity.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ื”.
02:17
Gravity is also a field of forces
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ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ื” ื’ื ื”ื™ื ืฉื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช
02:20
that act on masses.
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ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืขืœ ืžืกื”.
02:22
We can all picture astronauts in space.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ืื•ื˜ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ื—ืœืœ.
02:25
They float freely in three dimensions
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ื”ื•ื ืฆืฃ ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื
02:27
without any forces acting on them.
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ื•ืฉื•ื ื›ื•ื— ืœื ืคื•ืขืœ ืขืœื™ื•.
02:29
But as that space shuttle
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืžืขื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ื—ืœืœ
02:32
returns to Earth,
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ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
02:34
and as the astronauts enter the Earth's gravitational field,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืฉื“ื” ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
02:37
they begin to see the effects of gravity.
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ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ื”.
02:40
They begin to be attracted towards Earth.
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ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืžืฉืš ืœืขื‘ืจ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
02:42
And as they land,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื ื ื•ื—ืชื™ื,
02:44
they're fully aligned in the gravitational field.
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ื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ืœืง ืžืžืขืจืš ืฉื“ื” ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ื”.
02:46
We're, of course, all stuck in the Earth's gravitational field right now.
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ื›ืจื’ืข, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืชืงื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื”"ื.
02:49
That's why you're all in your chairs.
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ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื›ื ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืกืื•ืชื™ื›ื.
02:52
And that's why we have to use our muscle energy
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื
02:54
to stand up, to walk around
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื”ืœืš
02:56
and to lift things.
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ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
02:59
In cancer,
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ื‘ืกืจื˜ืŸ,
03:01
cells rapidly divide
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ื”ืชืื™ื ืžืชื—ืœืงื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช
03:03
and lead to uncontrolled tumor growth.
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ื•ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื‘ืœืชื™-ืžื‘ื•ืงืจืช ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื.
03:06
We can think of a cell
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื
03:09
from an electrical perspective
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ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช,
03:11
as if it's a mini space station.
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืชื—ื ืช ื—ืœืœ ื–ืขื™ืจื”.
03:14
And in that space station
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ื•ื‘ืชื—ื ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื–ื•
03:16
we have the genetic material, the chromosomes,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื—ื•ืžืจ ื’ื ื˜ื™, ื”ื›ืจื•ืžื•ื–ื•ืžื™ื,
03:19
within a nucleus.
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ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ.
03:21
And out in the cytoplasmic soup
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ื•ื‘ืžืจืง ื”ืฆื™ื˜ื•ืคืœืกืžื™ ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืฅ
03:23
we have special proteins
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
03:25
that are required for cell division
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ื”ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืชื
03:27
that float freely in this soup
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ื•ื”ื ืฆืคื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืจืง ื”ื–ื”
03:29
in three dimensions.
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ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื.
03:31
Importantly, those special proteins
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ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืื•ืชื ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
03:34
are among the most highly charged objects
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ื”ื ืžื”ืขืฆืžื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช
03:37
in our body.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื’ื•ืคื ื•.
03:39
As cell division begins
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ื›ืฉื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืชื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื”
03:41
the nucleus disintegrates,
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ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ืžืชืคืจืง,
03:43
the chromosomes line up
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ื”ื›ืจื•ืžื•ื–ื•ืžื™ื ืžืกืชื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืจื”
03:45
in the middle of the cell
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ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืชื
03:47
and those special proteins
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ื•ืื•ืชื ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
03:49
undergo a three-dimensional sequence
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ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืจืฆืฃ ืชืœืช-ืžื™ืžื“ื™
03:53
whereby they attach
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ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื• ื”ื ื ืฆืžื“ื™ื
03:55
and they literally click into place end-on-end
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ื•ืžืžืฉ ื ื ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื, ืงืฆื”-ืืœ-ืงืฆื”
03:58
to form chains.
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ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืจืฉืจืื•ืช.
04:00
These chains
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ืฉืจืฉืจืื•ืช ืืœื”
04:02
then progress and attach
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ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ื ืฆืžื“ื•ืช
04:04
to the genetic material
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ืืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™
04:07
and pull the genetic material
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื•ืฉื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™
04:09
from one cell into two cells.
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ืžืชื ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™ ืชืื™ื.
04:11
And this is exactly how
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ื•ื›ืš ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง
04:13
one cancer cell becomes two cancer cells,
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ืชื ืกืจื˜ื ื™ ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืฉื ื™ ืชืื™ื ืกืจื˜ื ื™ื™ื,
04:15
two cancer cells become four cancer cells,
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ืฉื ื™ ืชืื™ื ืกืจื˜ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืืจื‘ืขื” ืชืื™ื ืกืจื˜ื ื™ื™ื,
04:17
and we have ultimately
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื
04:19
uncontrolled tumor growth.
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ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื‘ืœืชื™-ืžื‘ื•ืงืจืช ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ.
04:22
Tumor Treating Fields
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ืฉื“ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื
04:25
use externally placed transducers
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ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืชืžืจื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื
04:29
attached to a field generator
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ืฉืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืžื—ื•ืœืœ ืฉื“ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื
04:32
to create an artificial electric field
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉื“ื” ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™
04:36
on that space station.
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ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื” ืชื—ื ืช ื—ืœืœ.
04:39
And when that cellular space station
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ื›ืฉืชื—ื ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื
04:42
is within the electric field,
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ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื“ื” ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™,
04:44
it acts on those highly charged proteins
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ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืขืœ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื˜ืขืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”
04:48
and aligns them.
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ื•ืžื™ื™ืฉืจ ืื•ืชื.
04:50
And it prevents them from forming those chains,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื•ื ืข ืžื”ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉืจืฉืจืื•ืช,
04:53
those mitotic spindles,
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ืื•ืชื ื›ื™ืฉื•ึนืจื™ื ืžื™ื˜ื•ื–ื™ื™ื,
04:55
that are necessary to pull the genetic material
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ื”ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืœืžืฉื™ื›ืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™
04:58
into the daughter cells.
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ืืœ ื”ืชืื™ื ื”ืฆืืฆืื™ื.
05:00
What we see is that the cells will attempt to divide
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ื•ืื– ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ืชืื™ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ืœืง
05:03
for several hours.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืขื•ืช.
05:05
And they will either enter into
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ื•ืื– ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื
05:08
this so-called cellular suicide,
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ืœืžื” ืฉืงืจื•ื™ "ื”ืชืื‘ื“ื•ืช ืชืื™ืช",
05:10
programmed cell death,
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ืžื•ื•ืช ืชืื™ ืžืชื•ื›ื ืช,
05:12
or they will form unhealthy daughter cells
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ืื• ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืชืื™ื-ืฆืืฆืื™ื ื—ื•ืœื™ื
05:15
and enter into apoptosis
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ื•ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืžื•ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ
05:18
once they have divided.
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ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืงื•..
05:20
And we can observe this.
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ื•ืื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
05:22
What I'm going to show you next
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ื›ืขืช ืืจืื” ืœื›ื
05:24
are two in vitro experiments.
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ืฉื ื™ ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ ืžื‘ื—ื ื”.
05:26
This is cultures, identical cultures,
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ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ืชืจื‘ื™ื•ืช, ืชืจื‘ื™ื•ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช,
05:29
of cervical cancer cells.
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ืฉืœ ืชืื™ ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืจื—ื.
05:31
And we've stained these cultures
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ืฆื‘ืขื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
05:33
with a green florescent dye
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ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ื™ืจื•ืง ื–ืจื—ื ื™
05:35
so that we can look at these proteins
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื
05:38
that form these chains.
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ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืจืฉืจืื•ืช.
05:40
The first clip shows
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ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืจืื”
05:42
a normal cell division
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ื—ืœื•ืงืช ืชืื™ื ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ืช
05:45
without the Tumor Treating Fields.
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ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื.
05:48
What we see
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ื•ื,
05:50
are, first of all, a very active culture,
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ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ืœ, ืชืจื‘ื™ืช ืคืขื™ืœื” ืžืื“,
05:52
a lot of divisions,
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ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช,
05:54
and then very clear nuclei
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ื•ืื– ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™-ืชื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ืžืื“
05:56
once the cells have separated.
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ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื™ืคืจื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืื™ื.
05:58
And we can see them dividing throughout.
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ื•ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ืœืง ื”ืœืื”.
06:00
When we apply the fields --
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ื›ืฉืื ื• ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื“ื•ืช --
06:02
again, in the identical time-scale
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ืฉื•ื‘, ื‘ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื”ื”
06:04
to the identical culture --
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ืขืœ ืชืจื‘ื™ืช ื–ื”ื” --
06:06
you're going to see something different.
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ืชืจืื• ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
06:08
The cells round up for division,
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ื”ืชืื™ื ืžืชืืจื’ื ื™ื ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื”,
06:10
but they're very static in that position.
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ืืš ื”ื ืžืื“ ืกื˜ื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื”.
06:13
We'll see two cells
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ืื ื• ื ืจืื” ืฉื ื™ ืชืื™ื
06:15
in the upper part of the screen
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ื‘ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกืš
06:20
attempting to divide.
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ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ืœืง.
06:22
The one within the circle manages.
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ื–ื” ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ื’ื•ืœ ืžืฆืœื™ื—.
06:24
But see how much of the protein
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ืืš ืจืื• ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ
06:26
is still throughout the nucleus,
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืคื•ื–ืจ ื‘ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ,
06:28
even in the dividing cell.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื ืฉืžืชื—ืœืง.
06:30
The one up there can't divide at all.
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ื–ื” ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ืœืง ื›ืœืœ.
06:32
And then this bubbling, this membrane bubbling,
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ื•ื”ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืข ื”ื–ื”, ื”ืงืจื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืžื‘ืขื‘ืขืช,
06:35
is the hallmark
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ื”ื•ื ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ืจืš
06:37
of apoptosis in this cell.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ืช ื‘ืชื ื”ื–ื”.
06:40
Formation of healthy mitotic spindles
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ื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื›ื™ืฉื•ึนืจื™ื ืžื™ื˜ื•ื–ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื
06:44
is necessary for division
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ื ื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื—ืœื•ืงื”
06:47
in all cell types.
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ื‘ืชืื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื.
06:49
We've applied Tumor Treating Fields
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ื™ื™ืฉืžื ื• ืฉื“ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื
06:51
to over 20 different cancers in the lab,
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ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-20 ืกื•ื’ื™ ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื”,
06:54
and we see this effect
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ื•ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื–ื•
06:56
in all of them.
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ื‘ื›ื•ืœื.
06:59
Now importantly,
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ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ
07:01
these Tumor Treating Fields have no effect
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ืฉืœืฉื“ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื”
07:04
on normal undividing cells.
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ืขืœ ืชืื™ื ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืžืชื—ืœืงื™ื.
07:06
10 years ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ 10 ืฉื ื™ื,
07:08
Dr. Palti founded a company called Novocure
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ื“"ืจ ืคืœื˜ื™ ื™ื™ืกื“ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืฉื "ื ื•ื‘ื•ืงื™ื•ืจ"
07:11
to develop his discovery
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื— ืืช ืชื’ืœื™ืชื•
07:14
into a practical therapy for patients.
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ื›ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
07:17
In that time, Novocure's developed two systems --
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขืช ืคื™ืชื—ื” "ื ื•ื‘ื•ืงื™ื•ืจ" ืฉืชื™ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช --
07:21
one system for cancers in the head
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ืื—ืช ืœืกื•ื’ื™ ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉ
07:24
and another system for cancers in the trunk of the body.
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ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืœืกื•ื’ื™ ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื•ืจืกื•.
07:27
The first cancer that we have focused on
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ืกื•ื’ ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืชืžืงื“ื ื•
07:30
is the deadly brain cancer, GBM.
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ื”ื•ื ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืงื˜ืœื ื™, ื”ื’ืœื™ื•ื‘ืœืกื˜ื•ืžื”.
07:33
GBM affects about 10,000 people
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ื”ื’ืœื™ื•ื‘ืœืกื˜ื•ืžื” ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื›-10,000 ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื
07:36
in the U.S. each year.
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ืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.
07:39
It's a death sentence.
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ื–ื”ื• ื’ื–ืจ ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื•ืช.
07:41
The expected five year survival
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ืชื•ื—ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื
07:43
is less than five percent.
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ื”ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืื—ื•ื–.
07:45
And the typical patient
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ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™
07:47
with optimal therapy
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ืฉืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™
07:49
survives just a little over a year,
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ืฉื•ืจื“ ืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื” ืื—ืช,
07:52
and only about seven months
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ื•ืจืง ื›ืฉื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื
07:54
from the time that the cancer is first treated
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ืžืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
07:57
and then comes back and starts growing again.
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ืฉืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืžืชื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืชืคืชื—.
08:02
Novocure conducted
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"ื ื•ื‘ื•ืงื™ื•ืจ" ื ื™ื”ืœื”
08:04
its first phase three randomized trial
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ืืช ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉืœื‘ 3 ื”ืืงืจืื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”
08:06
in patients with recurrent GBM.
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ืขื ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ื•ื‘ืœืกื˜ื•ืžื”.
08:08
So these are patients
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืืœื” ื”ื ื—ื•ืœื™ื
08:10
who had received surgery,
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ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ื ื™ืชื•ื—,
08:14
high dose radiation to the head
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ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืงืจื ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืœืžื•ื—
08:16
and first-line chemotherapy,
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ื•ื›ื™ืžื•ืชืจืคื™ื” ืžื”ื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”,
08:18
and that had failed and their tumors had grown back.
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ืฉื ื›ืฉืœื• ื›ื•ืœื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื—ื–ืจื• ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ืืฆืœื.
08:21
We divided the patients into two groups.
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ื—ื™ืœืงื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืชื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช.
08:24
The first group received second-line chemotherapy,
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ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื›ื™ืžื•ืชืจืคื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ืฉื ื™ื”,
08:27
which is expected to double the life expectancy,
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ืฉืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื›ืคื™ืœ ืืช ืชื•ื—ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
08:30
versus no treatment at all.
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ืœืขื•ืžืช ืœืœื ืฉื•ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ.
08:32
And then the second group
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ื•ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื”
08:34
received only Tumor Treating Field therapy.
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ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืจืง ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื.
08:37
What we saw in that trial
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ืžื” ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื,
08:39
is that that the life expectancies of both groups --
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ืฉืชื•ื—ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืืฆืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช --
08:42
so the chemotherapy treated group
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื›ื™ืžื•ืชืจืคื™ื”
08:44
and the Tumor Treating Field group --
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ื•ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉื˜ื•ืคืœื” ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื --
08:46
was the same.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ื–ื”ื”.
08:48
But importantly,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื
08:50
the Tumor Treating Field group
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ืฉืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื
08:53
suffered none of the side effects
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ืœื ืกื‘ืœื” ืžืฉื•ื ืชื•ืคืขืช ืœื•ื•ืื™
08:56
typical of chemotherapy patients.
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ืฉื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืžื•ืชืจืคื™ื”.
08:59
They had no pain,
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ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ื›ืื‘ื™ื,
09:01
suffered none of the infections.
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ื”ื ืœื ืกื‘ืœื• ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื,
09:04
They had no nausea, diarrhea,
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ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืช, ืฉืœืฉื•ืœื™ื,
09:07
constipation, fatigue
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ืขืฆื™ืจื•ืช, ืชืฉื™ืฉื•ืช
09:10
that would be expected.
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ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื.
09:12
Based on this trial,
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ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื–ื”,
09:14
in April of this year,
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ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”,
09:16
the FDA approved Tumor Treating Fields
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ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืื™ืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื
09:19
for the treatment of patients
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ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืืฆืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ื
09:21
with recurrent GBM.
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ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ื•ื‘ืœืกื˜ื•ืžื”.
09:24
Importantly, it was the first time ever
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ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
09:27
that the FDA included
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ืฉื‘ื” ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื™ืœ
09:29
in their approval of an oncology treatment
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ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืื•ื ืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™
09:32
a quality of life claim.
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ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื”ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื.
09:36
So I'm going to show you now
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ื•ื›ืขืช ืืจืื” ืœื›ื
09:39
one of the patients
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื
09:41
from this trial.
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ืฉื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื ื™ืกื•ื™.
09:44
Robert Dill-Bundi
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ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ื“ื™ืœ-ื‘ื ื“ื™
09:46
is a famous Swiss cycling champion.
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ื”ื•ื ืืœื•ืฃ ืžื™ืจื•ืฆื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืฆืจื™.
09:48
He won the gold medal in Moscow
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ื”ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืžื“ืœื™ื™ืช ื–ื”ื‘ ื‘ืžื•ืกืงื‘ื”
09:50
in the 4,000 meter pursuit.
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ื‘ืžื™ืจื•ืฅ ืœ-4,000 ืžื˜ืจ.
09:53
And five years ago,
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ื•ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื,
09:56
Robert was diagnosed with GBM.
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ืื•ื‘ื—ื ื” ืืฆืœ ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ื’ืœื™ื•ื‘ืœืกื˜ื•ืžื”.
09:59
He received the standard treatments.
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ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื.
10:01
He received surgery.
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ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ืจ ื ื™ืชื•ื—.
10:04
He received high dose radiation to the head.
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ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงืจื ื•ืช ืœืจืืฉ.
10:07
And he received first-line chemotherapy.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื›ื™ืžื•ืชืจืคื™ื” ืžื”ื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
10:10
A year after this treatment --
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ืฉื ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืื•ืชื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ --
10:12
in fact, this is his baseline MRI.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื–ื”ื• ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ ื”ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืฉืœื•.
10:15
You can see that the black regions
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื—ื•ืจ
10:18
in the upper right quadrant
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ื‘ืจื‘ื™ืข ื”ื™ืžื ื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ
10:20
are the areas where he had surgery.
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ื”ื ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชื—.
10:22
And a year after that treatment,
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ื•ืฉื ื” ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื–ื”,
10:24
his tumor grew back with a vengeance.
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ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœื• ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฉืืช.
10:27
That cloudy white mass that you see
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ื”ืžืกื” ื”ืžืขื•ืจืคืœืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื
10:30
is the recurrence of the tumor.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ.
10:33
At this point, he was told by his doctors
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ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ืืžืจื• ืœื• ืจื•ืคืื™ื•
10:36
that he had about 3 months to live.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืขื•ื“ 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช.
10:39
He entered our trial.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
10:41
And here we can see him getting the therapy.
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ.
10:44
First of all, these electrodes are noninvasive.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืื™ื ืŸ ืคื•ืœืฉื ื™ื•ืช.
10:47
They're attached to the skin
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ื”ืŸ ืžื•ืฆืžื“ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืจ
10:49
in the area of the tumor.
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ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ.
10:51
Here you can see
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ื›ืืŸ ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื
10:53
that a technician is placing them on there much like bandages.
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ื˜ื›ื ืื™ืช ืฉืžืฆืžื™ื“ื” ืœื• ืื•ืชืŸ, ื›ืžื• ืชื—ื‘ื•ืฉื•ืช.
10:56
The patients learn to do this themselves
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ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื
10:59
And then the patients
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ื•ืื– ื”ื—ื•ืœื”
11:02
can undergo all the activities of their daily life.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื ืฉืœื•.
11:05
There's none of the tiredness.
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ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืฉืžืฅ ืžื”ืชืฉื™ืฉื•ืช.
11:07
There's none of what is called the "chemo head."
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ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื–ื›ืจ ืœ"ืชืกืคื•ืจืช ื”ื›ื™ืžื•ืชืจืคื™ืช".
11:10
There's no sensation.
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืชื—ื•ืฉื”.
11:12
It doesn't interfere
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืคืจื™ืข
11:14
with computers or electrical equipment.
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ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืœืฆื™ื•ื“ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™.
11:17
And the therapy is delivered continuously
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ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื ืžืฉืš ื‘ืจืฆื™ืคื•ืช
11:19
at home,
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช.
11:21
without having to go into the hospital
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ืœืœื ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืชืืฉืคื– ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ื—ื•ืœื™ื
11:23
either periodically or continually.
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ืžื™ื“ื™ ืคืขื ืื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืจืฆื•ืคื”.
11:26
These are Robert's MRIs,
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ืืœื” ืฉื•ื‘ ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜,
11:29
again, under only TTField treatment.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื.
11:32
This is a therapy that takes time to work.
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ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื ื“ืจืฉ ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—.
11:35
It's a medical device;
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืชืงืŸ ืจืคื•ืื™;
11:37
it works when it's on.
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ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ืฉืžื“ืœื™ืงื™ื ืื•ืชื•.
11:39
But what we can see is, by month six,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
11:41
the tumor has responded
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ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ
11:44
and it's begun to melt away.
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ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ืขืœื.
11:47
It's still there.
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ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืžืฆื.
11:49
By month 12,
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ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”-12,
11:51
we could argue whether
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื›ื—
11:53
there's a little bit of material around the edges,
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื,
11:55
but it's essentially completely gone.
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ืืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื ืขืœื ืœื’ืžืจื™.
11:58
It's now five years
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ื›ืขืช ืขื‘ืจื• ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื
12:00
since Robert's diagnosis,
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ืžืื– ืฉืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ืื•ื‘ื—ืŸ,
12:02
and he's alive,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื.
12:05
but importantly, he's healthy
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื™ื
12:07
and he's at work.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“.
12:09
I'm going to let him, in this very short clip,
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ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืงืฆืจืฆืจ ื”ื‘ื ืื ื™ื— ืœื•
12:11
describe his impressions of the therapy
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ืœืชืืจ ืืช ืจืฉืžื™ื• ืžื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ
12:13
in his own words.
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื•ื.
12:15
(Video) Robert Dill-Bundi: My quality of life,
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(ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ) ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ื“ื™ืœ-ื‘ื ื“ื™: ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™,
12:17
I rate what I have today
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™,
12:19
a bit different than what most people would assume.
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ืžืขื˜ ืื—ืจืช ืžืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื.
12:23
I am the happiest, the happiest person in the world.
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ืื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
12:28
And every single morning I appreciate life.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืื ื™ ืžืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
12:32
Every night I fall asleep very well,
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ืžื™ื“ื™ ืœื™ืœื” ืื ื™ ื ืจื“ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘,
12:35
and I am, I repeat,
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ื•ืื ื™, ืฉื•ื‘,
12:38
the happiest man in the world,
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ื”ืื“ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
12:40
and I'm thankful I am alive.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืกื™ืจ-ืชื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื™.
12:45
BD: Novocure's also working on lung cancer
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ื“ื•ื™ืœ: "ื ื•ื‘ื•ืงื™ื•ืจ" ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื’ื ืขืœ ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืจื™ืื•ืช
12:48
as the second target.
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ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ื™ืขื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื”.
12:50
We've run a phase two trial
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ื‘ื™ืฆืขื ื• ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉืœื‘ 2
12:52
in Switzerland
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ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ
12:54
on, again, recurrent patients --
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืขืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื --
12:56
patients who have received standard therapy
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ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจื’ื™ืœ
12:59
and whose cancer has come back.
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ื•ืฉื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืืฆืœื ื—ื–ืจ.
13:02
I'm going to show you another clip
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ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ
13:04
of a woman named Lydia.
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ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ืฉื ืœื™ื“ื™ื”.
13:06
Lydia's a 66 year-old farmer
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ืœื™ื“ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ื•ืื™ืช ื‘ืช 66
13:08
in Switzerland.
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ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ.
13:10
She was diagnosed with lung cancer
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ืื•ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืฆืœื” ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืจื™ืื•ืช
13:12
five years ago.
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ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื.
13:14
She underwent four different regimes of chemotherapy
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ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื” ืืจื‘ืข ืžืฉื˜ืจื™ ื›ื™ืžื•ืชืจืคื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื
13:17
over two years,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื,
13:19
none of which had an effect.
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ื•ืืฃ ืœื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ืฉืคื™ืข.
13:21
Her cancer continued to grow.
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ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืืฆืœื” ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ.
13:23
Three years ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื,
13:25
she entered the Novocure lung cancer trial.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื” ืœื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉืœ "ื ื•ื‘ื•ืงื™ื•ืจ" ื‘ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืจื™ืื•ืช.
13:29
You can see, in her case,
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื”,
13:31
she's wearing her transducer arrays,
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ื”ื™ื ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ืืช ืžืขืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืชืžืจื™ื ืฉืœื”,
13:33
one of the front of her chest, one on the back,
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ืื—ื“ ื‘ืงื™ื“ืžืช ื”ื—ื–ื” ืฉืœื”, ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื”,
13:36
and then the second pair side-to-side over the liver.
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ื•ื–ื•ื’ ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื–ื” ืœื™ื“ ื–ื”, ืžืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ืฉืœื”.
13:39
You can see the Tumor Treating Field field generator,
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ืžื—ื•ืœืœ ื”ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื,
13:42
but importantly you can also see that she is living her life.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”.
13:45
She is managing her farm.
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ื”ื™ื ืžื˜ืคืœืช ื‘ืžืฉืง ืฉืœื”,
13:47
She's interacting with her kids and her grand kids.
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ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ืœื” ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื” ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ื”.
13:50
And when we talked to her,
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ื•ื›ืฉืฉื•ื—ื—ื ื• ืื™ืชื”,
13:53
she said that when she was undergoing chemotherapy,
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ื”ื™ื ืกื™ืคืจื” ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืขื‘ืจื” ื›ื™ืžื•ืชืจืคื™ื”,
13:55
she had to go to the hospital every month for her infusions.
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ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื” ืœืœื›ืช ืœื‘ื™ื”"ื— ืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขื™ืจื•ื™.
13:58
Her whole family suffered
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ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื” ืกื‘ืœื”
14:00
as her side effect profile came and went.
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉืœื” ื‘ืื• ื•ื ืขืœืžื•.
14:02
Now she can run
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ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื ื”ืœ
14:04
all of the activities of her farm.
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ืืช ื›ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืง ืฉืœื”.
14:07
It's only the beginning.
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ื–ื• ืจืง ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”.
14:09
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
14:16
In the lab, we've observed tremendous synergies
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ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื–ื™ื”ื™ื ื• ืกื™ื ืจื’ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช
14:20
between chemotherapy and Tumor Treating Fields.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ืžื•ืชืจืคื™ื” ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื.
14:23
There's research underway now at Harvard Medical School
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ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ื•ืืจื“ ืžืชื ื”ืœ ื›ืขืช ืžื—ืงืจ
14:26
to pick the optimum pairs
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื–ื™ื•ื•ื’ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื
14:28
to maximize that benefit.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืžืจื‘ ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช.
14:30
We also believe that Tumor Treating Fields will work with radiation
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ืื ื• ื’ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ื”ื”ืงืจื ื•ืช
14:33
and interrupt the self-repair mechanisms that we have.
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ื•ื™ืคืจื™ืข ืœืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•.
14:37
There's now a new research project underway
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ืžืชื ื”ืœ ืžื™ื–ื ืžื—ืงืจ ื—ื“ืฉ
14:39
at the Karolinska in Sweden
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ื‘"ืงืจื•ืœื™ื ืกืงื”" ืฉื‘ืฉื•ื•ื“ื™ื”
14:41
to prove that hypothesis.
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ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื• ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื”ื ื—ื” ื–ื•.
14:43
We have more trials planned
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ืื ื• ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื
14:45
for lung cancer,
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ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืจื™ืื•ืช
14:47
pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer
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ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืœื‘ืœื‘, ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืฉื—ืœื•ืช
14:49
and breast cancer.
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ื•ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืฉื“.
14:51
And I firmly believe
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ืžืœืื”
14:53
that in the next 10 years
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ืฉืชื•ืš 10 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช
14:55
Tumor Treating Fields
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ืฉื“ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื
14:57
will be a weapon available to doctors and patients
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ื™ื”ื•ื• ื›ืœื™-ื ืฉืง ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื
15:00
for all of these most-difficult-to-treat solid tumors.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืขืงืฉื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืงืฉื™ื-ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืืœื”.
15:06
I'm also very hopeful
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ืื ื™ ื’ื ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืžืื“
15:08
that in the next decades,
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ืฉื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื
15:10
we will make big strides
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ื ืฉื™ื’ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื”
15:12
on reducing that death rate
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ื‘ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืชืžื•ืชื”
15:15
that has been so challenging in this disease.
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ืฉืื™ืชื’ืจื• ืื•ืชื ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืžื—ืœื” ื”ื–ื•.
15:18
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
15:20
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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