Bill Doyle: Treating cancer with electric fields

187,728 views ・ 2012-01-31

TED


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Prevoditelj: Senzos Osijek Recezent: Tilen Pigac - EFZG
00:15
Everybody in our society's life is touched by cancer --
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Svi iz našeg društvenog života na neki su način povezani s rakom --
00:18
if not personally,
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ako ne osobno,
00:20
then through a loved one, a family member,
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onda preko voljene osobe, člana obitelji,
00:23
colleague, friend.
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kolege, prijatelja.
00:25
And once our lives are touched by cancer,
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I jednom kada su naši životi dotaknuti rakom
00:28
we quickly learn
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brzo naučimo
00:30
that there are basically
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da u principu imamo
00:32
three weapons, or three tools, that are available
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tri oružja ili tri alata koji su dostupni
00:35
to fight the disease:
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u borbi s bolešću:
00:38
surgery, radiation and chemotherapy.
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operacija, zračenje i kemoterapija.
00:41
And once we get involved
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I jednom kad se uključimo
00:44
in the therapeutic decisions,
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u terapeutske odluke,
00:47
again either personally
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opet nebitno je li osobno
00:49
or with our loved ones and family members,
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ili s našim voljenima i članovima obitelji,
00:52
we also very quickly learn
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također brzo naučimo
00:55
the benefits, the trade-offs and the limitations
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prednosti, pogodnosti i ograničenja
00:58
of these tools.
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tih alata.
01:00
I'm very thankful to Jay and to Mark
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Veoma sam zahvalan Jayu i Marku
01:02
and the TEDMED team
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i TEDMED ekipi
01:04
for inviting me today
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što su me danas pozvali
01:06
to describe a fourth tool, a new tool,
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kako bih opisao četvrti alat
01:09
that we call Tumor Treating Fields.
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koji nazivamo Poljima za liječenje tumora.
01:12
Tumor Treating Fields
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Polja za liječenje tumora
01:14
were invented by Dr. Yoram Palti,
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pronašao je dr. Yoram Palti,
01:17
professor emeritus at the Technion in Israel.
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umirovljeni profesor na Technionu u Izraelu.
01:20
And they use low-intensity
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Oni koriste električna polja
01:22
electric fields
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niskog intenziteta
01:24
to fight cancer.
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kako bi se borili protiv raka.
01:26
To understand how Tumor Treating Fields work,
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Da bismo razumjeli kako Polja za liječenje raka djeluju,
01:29
we first need to understand
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prvo moramo razumjeti
01:31
what are electric fields.
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što su to električna polja.
01:33
Let me first address
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Prvo ću vam reći
01:36
a few popular misconceptions.
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nekoliko poznatih pogrešnih tumačenja.
01:39
First of all, electric fields
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Prije svega, električna polja
01:41
are not an electric current
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nisu električna struja
01:43
that is coursing through the tissue.
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koja teče kroz tkivo.
01:46
Electric fields
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Električna polja
01:48
are not ionizing radiation,
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nisu ionizirajuće zračenje
01:50
like X-rays or proton beams,
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poput rentgenskih zraka ili snopova protona
01:52
that bombard tissue
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koji bombardiraju tkivo
01:54
to disrupt DNA.
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kako bi prekinuli DNK.
01:56
And electric fields
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Električna polja
01:58
are not magnetism.
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nisu magnetizam.
02:00
What electric fields are
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Ono što električna polja jesu
02:02
are a field of forces.
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su polja snage.
02:05
And these forces
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A te snage
02:07
act on, attract, bodies
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djeluju na tj. privlače tijela
02:10
that have an electrical charge.
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koja imaju električni naboj.
02:13
The best way to visualize an electric field
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Najbolji način da zamislite električno polje
02:15
is to think of gravity.
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je da zamislite gravitaciju.
02:17
Gravity is also a field of forces
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Gravitacija je također polje snage
02:20
that act on masses.
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koje djeluje na masu.
02:22
We can all picture astronauts in space.
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Svi možemo zamisliti astronaute u svemiru.
02:25
They float freely in three dimensions
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Oni slobodno lebde u tri dimenzije
02:27
without any forces acting on them.
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bez da ikakve sile djeluju na njih.
02:29
But as that space shuttle
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Ali kada se taj svemirski brod
02:32
returns to Earth,
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vrati na Zemlju
02:34
and as the astronauts enter the Earth's gravitational field,
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i astronauti uđu u Zemljino gravitacijsko polje,
02:37
they begin to see the effects of gravity.
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počinju uviđati efekte gravitacije.
02:40
They begin to be attracted towards Earth.
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Privučeni su ka Zemlji.
02:42
And as they land,
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I kada slete,
02:44
they're fully aligned in the gravitational field.
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potpuno su postrojeni u gravitacijskom polju.
02:46
We're, of course, all stuck in the Earth's gravitational field right now.
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Mi smo svi, naravno zapeli trenutno u Zemljinom gravitacijskom polju.
02:49
That's why you're all in your chairs.
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Zbog toga ste svi u stolicama.
02:52
And that's why we have to use our muscle energy
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I zbog toga moramo upotrijebiti mišićnu energiju
02:54
to stand up, to walk around
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da bismo ustali, hodali
02:56
and to lift things.
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i podizali stvari.
02:59
In cancer,
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Kod raka,
03:01
cells rapidly divide
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stanice se brzo dijele
03:03
and lead to uncontrolled tumor growth.
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i dovode do nekontroliranog rasta tumora.
03:06
We can think of a cell
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Možemo razmišljati o stanici
03:09
from an electrical perspective
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iz električne perspektive
03:11
as if it's a mini space station.
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kao da je malena svemirska stanica.
03:14
And in that space station
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I u toj svemirskoj stanici
03:16
we have the genetic material, the chromosomes,
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imamo genetski materijal, kromosome
03:19
within a nucleus.
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unutar jezge.
03:21
And out in the cytoplasmic soup
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A vani, u citoplazmatskoj juhi
03:23
we have special proteins
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imamo posebne proteine
03:25
that are required for cell division
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koji su potrebni za dijeljenje stanica
03:27
that float freely in this soup
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koji slobodno lebde u toj juhi
03:29
in three dimensions.
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u tri dimenzije.
03:31
Importantly, those special proteins
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Važno je napomenuti da su ti posebni proteini
03:34
are among the most highly charged objects
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među najjače nabijenim stvarima
03:37
in our body.
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u našem tijelu.
03:39
As cell division begins
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Kada dijeljenje stanica počne,
03:41
the nucleus disintegrates,
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jezgra se raspada,
03:43
the chromosomes line up
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kromosomi se poredaju
03:45
in the middle of the cell
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u sredini stanice
03:47
and those special proteins
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i ti posebni proteini
03:49
undergo a three-dimensional sequence
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dožive trodimenzionalni niz
03:53
whereby they attach
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gdje se pričvrste
03:55
and they literally click into place end-on-end
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i doslovno se spajaju na krajevima
03:58
to form chains.
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kako bi stvorili lance.
04:00
These chains
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Ti lanci
04:02
then progress and attach
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onda napreduju i pričvrste se
04:04
to the genetic material
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za genetski materijal
04:07
and pull the genetic material
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i povuku genetski materijal
04:09
from one cell into two cells.
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iz jedne stanice u dvije stanice.
04:11
And this is exactly how
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I upravo se na ovaj način
04:13
one cancer cell becomes two cancer cells,
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jedna stanica raka pretvara u dvije stanice raka,
04:15
two cancer cells become four cancer cells,
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dvije stanice raka postaju četiri stanice raka
04:17
and we have ultimately
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i u konačnici imamo
04:19
uncontrolled tumor growth.
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nekontrolirani rast tumora.
04:22
Tumor Treating Fields
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Polja za liječenje tumora
04:25
use externally placed transducers
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koriste izvana smještene pretvarače
04:29
attached to a field generator
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pričvršćene na generatoru polja
04:32
to create an artificial electric field
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kako bi stvorili umjetno električno polje
04:36
on that space station.
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u toj svemirskoj stanici.
04:39
And when that cellular space station
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I kada je ta stanična svemirska stanica
04:42
is within the electric field,
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unutar električnog polja,
04:44
it acts on those highly charged proteins
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djeluje na te jako nabijene proteine
04:48
and aligns them.
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i postrojava ih.
04:50
And it prevents them from forming those chains,
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I sprječava ih od stvaranja tih lanaca,
04:53
those mitotic spindles,
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tih mitotskih vretena
04:55
that are necessary to pull the genetic material
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koja su neophodna kako bi povukla genetski materijal
04:58
into the daughter cells.
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u stanicu kćeri.
05:00
What we see is that the cells will attempt to divide
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Ono što vidimo je da će se te stanice pokušati dijeliti
05:03
for several hours.
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nekoliko sati.
05:05
And they will either enter into
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I one će ili ući u
05:08
this so-called cellular suicide,
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to takozvano stanično samoubojstvo,
05:10
programmed cell death,
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programiranu staničnu smrt
05:12
or they will form unhealthy daughter cells
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ili će stvoriti nezdrave stanice kćeri
05:15
and enter into apoptosis
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i ući u apoptozu
05:18
once they have divided.
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jednom kada se podijele.
05:20
And we can observe this.
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I mi to možemo promatrati.
05:22
What I'm going to show you next
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Ono što ću vam sljedeće pokazati
05:24
are two in vitro experiments.
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su dva in vitro pokusa.
05:26
This is cultures, identical cultures,
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Ovo su kulture, identične kulture
05:29
of cervical cancer cells.
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stanica raka grlića maternice.
05:31
And we've stained these cultures
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Obojali smo te kulture
05:33
with a green florescent dye
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fluorescentno zelenom bojom
05:35
so that we can look at these proteins
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kako bismo mogli gledati proteine
05:38
that form these chains.
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koji formiraju lance.
05:40
The first clip shows
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Prvi isječak vam pokazuje
05:42
a normal cell division
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normalnu podjelu stanice
05:45
without the Tumor Treating Fields.
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bez Polja za liječenje tumora.
05:48
What we see
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Ono što vidimo
05:50
are, first of all, a very active culture,
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su, prije svega, veoma aktivne kulture,
05:52
a lot of divisions,
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mnogo podjela
05:54
and then very clear nuclei
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i veoma jasno vidljivu jezgru
05:56
once the cells have separated.
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nakon što su se stanice podijelile.
05:58
And we can see them dividing throughout.
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I možemo ih vidjeti kako se sasvim dijele.
06:00
When we apply the fields --
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Kada primijenimo polja --
06:02
again, in the identical time-scale
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opet, u isto vrijeme --
06:04
to the identical culture --
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na identičnoj kulturi --
06:06
you're going to see something different.
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vidjet ćete nešto drugačije.
06:08
The cells round up for division,
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Stanice se okupe kako bi se dijelile,
06:10
but they're very static in that position.
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ali su veoma statične u toj poziciji.
06:13
We'll see two cells
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Vidjet ćemo dvije stanice
06:15
in the upper part of the screen
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u gornjem dijelu ekrana
06:20
attempting to divide.
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kako se pokušavaju podijeliti.
06:22
The one within the circle manages.
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Ova unutar kruga to i uspijeva.
06:24
But see how much of the protein
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Ali vidite koliko je proteina
06:26
is still throughout the nucleus,
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još uvijek unutar jezgre,
06:28
even in the dividing cell.
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čak i u stanici koja se dijeli.
06:30
The one up there can't divide at all.
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Ona tamo gore se uopće ne može podijeliti.
06:32
And then this bubbling, this membrane bubbling,
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A ovo stvaranje mjehurića, stvaranje mjehurića na membrani
06:35
is the hallmark
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je oznaka
06:37
of apoptosis in this cell.
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apoptoze u ovoj stanici.
06:40
Formation of healthy mitotic spindles
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Stvaranje zdravog mitotskog vretena
06:44
is necessary for division
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nužno je za dijeljenje
06:47
in all cell types.
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svih tipova stanica.
06:49
We've applied Tumor Treating Fields
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Primijenili smo Polja za liječenje tumora
06:51
to over 20 different cancers in the lab,
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na više od 20 različitih rakova u laboratoriju
06:54
and we see this effect
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i vidimo ovakav ishod
06:56
in all of them.
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na svima njima.
06:59
Now importantly,
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Važno je spomenuti
07:01
these Tumor Treating Fields have no effect
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da ova Polja za liječenje tumora nemaju učinka
07:04
on normal undividing cells.
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na normalne nedjeljive stanice.
07:06
10 years ago,
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Prije 10 godina
07:08
Dr. Palti founded a company called Novocure
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dr. Palti osnovao je tvrtku pod imenom Novocure
07:11
to develop his discovery
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kako bi razvio svoje otkriće
07:14
into a practical therapy for patients.
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u praktičnu terapiju za pacijente.
07:17
In that time, Novocure's developed two systems --
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U to vrijeme Novocure je razvio dva sistema --
07:21
one system for cancers in the head
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jedan sistem za rakove u glavi
07:24
and another system for cancers in the trunk of the body.
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i drugi sistem za rakove u trupu tijela.
07:27
The first cancer that we have focused on
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Prvi rak na koji smo se fokusirali
07:30
is the deadly brain cancer, GBM.
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smrtonosni je rak mozga, GBM (Glioblastoma Multiforme).
07:33
GBM affects about 10,000 people
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GBM pogađa oko 10.000 ljudi
07:36
in the U.S. each year.
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u SAD-u svake godine.
07:39
It's a death sentence.
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To je smrtna presuda.
07:41
The expected five year survival
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Očekivano preživljavanje u sljedećih pet godina
07:43
is less than five percent.
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je manje od 5%.
07:45
And the typical patient
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A tipičan pacijent
07:47
with optimal therapy
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s optimalnom terapijom
07:49
survives just a little over a year,
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poživi malo više od godine dana
07:52
and only about seven months
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i oko samo sedam mjeseci
07:54
from the time that the cancer is first treated
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od trenutka kada je rak prvi puta liječen,
07:57
and then comes back and starts growing again.
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a onda se vraća i počinje ponovo rasti.
08:02
Novocure conducted
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Novocure je proveo
08:04
its first phase three randomized trial
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svoju prvu fazu nasumičnih ispitivanja
08:06
in patients with recurrent GBM.
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na pacijentima s recidiviranim GBM-om.
08:08
So these are patients
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To su dakle pacijenti
08:10
who had received surgery,
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koji su operirani,
08:14
high dose radiation to the head
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glava im je ozračena visokim dozama
08:16
and first-line chemotherapy,
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i obavili su prvi niz kemoterapija
08:18
and that had failed and their tumors had grown back.
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i to nije uspjelo, pa su im se tumori ponovo vratili.
08:21
We divided the patients into two groups.
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Podijelili smo pacijente u dvije grupe.
08:24
The first group received second-line chemotherapy,
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Prva grupa primila je drugi niz kemoterapija
08:27
which is expected to double the life expectancy,
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za što je očekivano da će im udvostručiti životni vijek
08:30
versus no treatment at all.
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u odnosu na to da uopće nema liječenja.
08:32
And then the second group
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A druga je grupa
08:34
received only Tumor Treating Field therapy.
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primila samo terapiju Poljima za liječenje tumora.
08:37
What we saw in that trial
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Ono što smo u tom ispitivanju vidjeli
08:39
is that that the life expectancies of both groups --
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je to da je očekivan životni vijek u obje grupe --
08:42
so the chemotherapy treated group
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dakle, i onoj liječenoj kemoterapijom
08:44
and the Tumor Treating Field group --
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i onoj liječenoj Poljima za liječenje tumora --
08:46
was the same.
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bio jednak.
08:48
But importantly,
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Ali ono najvažnije,
08:50
the Tumor Treating Field group
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grupa liječena Poljima za liječenje tumora
08:53
suffered none of the side effects
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nije patila od nikakvih nuspojava
08:56
typical of chemotherapy patients.
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tipičnih za pacijente na kemoterapiji.
08:59
They had no pain,
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Nisu imali bolove
09:01
suffered none of the infections.
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niti su imali ikakve infekcije.
09:04
They had no nausea, diarrhea,
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Nisu imali vrtoglavice, proljev,
09:07
constipation, fatigue
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zatvor ni umor,
09:10
that would be expected.
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što je očekivano.
09:12
Based on this trial,
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Na temelju ovog ispitivanja,
09:14
in April of this year,
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u travnju ove godine
09:16
the FDA approved Tumor Treating Fields
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FDA je odobrila Polja za liječenje tumora
09:19
for the treatment of patients
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kao liječenje pacijenata
09:21
with recurrent GBM.
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s recidiviranim GBM-om.
09:24
Importantly, it was the first time ever
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Važno je napomenuti da je to prvi puta ikad
09:27
that the FDA included
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da je FDA u svoje
09:29
in their approval of an oncology treatment
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odobrenje za onkološko liječenje
09:32
a quality of life claim.
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uključila zahtijev za kvalitetom života.
09:36
So I'm going to show you now
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Pokazat ću vam sada
09:39
one of the patients
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jednog pacijenta
09:41
from this trial.
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iz ovog ispitivanja.
09:44
Robert Dill-Bundi
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Robert Dill-Bundi
09:46
is a famous Swiss cycling champion.
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poznati je švicarski biciklistički prvak.
09:48
He won the gold medal in Moscow
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Osvojio je zlatnu medalju u Moskvi
09:50
in the 4,000 meter pursuit.
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na takmičenju na 4.000 metara.
09:53
And five years ago,
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I prije 5 godina
09:56
Robert was diagnosed with GBM.
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Robertu je dijagnosticiran GBM.
09:59
He received the standard treatments.
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Primio je uobičajenu terapiju.
10:01
He received surgery.
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Operiran je.
10:04
He received high dose radiation to the head.
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Glava mu je zračena velikom dozom zračenja.
10:07
And he received first-line chemotherapy.
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I primio je prvi niz kemoterapija.
10:10
A year after this treatment --
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Godinu dana nakon tog liječenja --
10:12
in fact, this is his baseline MRI.
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zapravo, ovo je njegova osnovna MR slika.
10:15
You can see that the black regions
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Možete vidjeti da su crne regije
10:18
in the upper right quadrant
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u gornjem desnom kvadrantu
10:20
are the areas where he had surgery.
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područja gdje je obavljena operacija.
10:22
And a year after that treatment,
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I godinu dana nakon tog liječenja
10:24
his tumor grew back with a vengeance.
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njegov tumor je ponovo narastao s osvetom.
10:27
That cloudy white mass that you see
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Ta zamagljena bijela tvorba koju vidite
10:30
is the recurrence of the tumor.
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jest vraćanje tumora.
10:33
At this point, he was told by his doctors
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U tom trenu, doktori su mu rekli
10:36
that he had about 3 months to live.
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da ima još 3 mjeseca života.
10:39
He entered our trial.
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Prijavio se na naše ispitivanje.
10:41
And here we can see him getting the therapy.
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I ovdje vidimo kako prima terapiju.
10:44
First of all, these electrodes are noninvasive.
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Prije svega, ove elektrode su neinvazivne.
10:47
They're attached to the skin
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Pričvršćene su na kožu
10:49
in the area of the tumor.
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u području tumora.
10:51
Here you can see
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Ovdje vidite
10:53
that a technician is placing them on there much like bandages.
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kako ih tehničar stavlja tamo poput zavoja.
10:56
The patients learn to do this themselves
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Pacijenti to nauče sami raditi
10:59
And then the patients
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i onda pacijenti
11:02
can undergo all the activities of their daily life.
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mogu nastaviti sa svim aktivnostima svoje svakodnevice.
11:05
There's none of the tiredness.
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Nema umora.
11:07
There's none of what is called the "chemo head."
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Nema onoga što inače nazivaju „kemo glavom“.
11:10
There's no sensation.
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Nema osjećaja.
11:12
It doesn't interfere
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Ne interferira
11:14
with computers or electrical equipment.
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s računalima ili električnom opremom.
11:17
And the therapy is delivered continuously
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I terapija se može kontinuirano obavljati
11:19
at home,
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kod kuće
11:21
without having to go into the hospital
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bez da morate ići u bolnicu
11:23
either periodically or continually.
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s vremena na vrijeme ili stalno.
11:26
These are Robert's MRIs,
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Ovo su ponovo Robertove MR snimke,
11:29
again, under only TTField treatment.
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samo pod terapijom Polja za liječenje tumora.
11:32
This is a therapy that takes time to work.
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Ovo je terapija kojoj treba vremena da bi uspjela.
11:35
It's a medical device;
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To je medicinski uređaj;
11:37
it works when it's on.
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radi kad je uključen.
11:39
But what we can see is, by month six,
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Ali ono što možemo vidjeti, do šestog mjeseca,
11:41
the tumor has responded
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da je tumor reagirao
11:44
and it's begun to melt away.
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i počeo se otapati.
11:47
It's still there.
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Još uvijek je tamo.
11:49
By month 12,
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Do dvanaestog mjeseca
11:51
we could argue whether
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možemo raspravljati o tome
11:53
there's a little bit of material around the edges,
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ima li malo materijala na rubovima,
11:55
but it's essentially completely gone.
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ali je u suštini potpuno nestao.
11:58
It's now five years
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Sada je prošlo 5 godina
12:00
since Robert's diagnosis,
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od Robertove dijagnoze
12:02
and he's alive,
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i živ je,
12:05
but importantly, he's healthy
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ali važno je spomenuti da je zdrav
12:07
and he's at work.
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i da radi.
12:09
I'm going to let him, in this very short clip,
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Pustit ću ga da vam u ovom veoma kratkom isječku
12:11
describe his impressions of the therapy
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opiše utiske terapije
12:13
in his own words.
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vlastitim riječima.
12:15
(Video) Robert Dill-Bundi: My quality of life,
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(Video) Robert Dill-Bundi: Moja kvaliteta života,
12:17
I rate what I have today
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ocijenjujem ono što imam danas
12:19
a bit different than what most people would assume.
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malo drugačije no što bi većina ljudi pretpostavila.
12:23
I am the happiest, the happiest person in the world.
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Ja sam najsretnija, najsretnija osoba na svijetu.
12:28
And every single morning I appreciate life.
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I svakog jutra cijenim život.
12:32
Every night I fall asleep very well,
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Svake noći dobro zaspim
12:35
and I am, I repeat,
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i ja sam, ponavljam,
12:38
the happiest man in the world,
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najsretniji čovjek na svijetu
12:40
and I'm thankful I am alive.
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i zahvalan sam što sam živ.
12:45
BD: Novocure's also working on lung cancer
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BD: Novocure također radi na raku pluća
12:48
as the second target.
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kao drugom cilju.
12:50
We've run a phase two trial
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U drugoj smo fazi ispitivanja
12:52
in Switzerland
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u Švicarskoj,
12:54
on, again, recurrent patients --
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opet na pacijentima kojima se rak vratio --
12:56
patients who have received standard therapy
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pacijentima koji su dobili standardnu terapiju
12:59
and whose cancer has come back.
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i čiji se rak vratio.
13:02
I'm going to show you another clip
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Pokazat ću vam još jedan isječak
13:04
of a woman named Lydia.
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o ženi po imenu Lydia.
13:06
Lydia's a 66 year-old farmer
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Lydia je 66-ogodišnja farmerica
13:08
in Switzerland.
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u Švicarskoj.
13:10
She was diagnosed with lung cancer
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Rak pluća joj je dijagnosticiran
13:12
five years ago.
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prije pet godina.
13:14
She underwent four different regimes of chemotherapy
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Prošla je četiri različita režima kemoterapija
13:17
over two years,
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tijekom dvije godine
13:19
none of which had an effect.
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i nijedan nije imao učinka.
13:21
Her cancer continued to grow.
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Njen rak nastavio je rasti.
13:23
Three years ago,
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Prije tri godine
13:25
she entered the Novocure lung cancer trial.
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priključila se Novocureovom ispitivanju raka pluća.
13:29
You can see, in her case,
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U njenom slučaju možete vidjeti
13:31
she's wearing her transducer arrays,
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da nosi svoje nizove pretvarača,
13:33
one of the front of her chest, one on the back,
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jedan s prednje strane na prsima, jedan straga
13:36
and then the second pair side-to-side over the liver.
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i onda drugi par sa svake strane jetre.
13:39
You can see the Tumor Treating Field field generator,
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Možete vidjeti generator polja u Poljima za liječenje tumora,
13:42
but importantly you can also see that she is living her life.
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ali važno je da također možete vidjeti da ona živi svoj život.
13:45
She is managing her farm.
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Upravlja svojom farmom.
13:47
She's interacting with her kids and her grand kids.
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Komunicira sa svojom djecom i unučadi.
13:50
And when we talked to her,
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A kada smo razgovarali s njom
13:53
she said that when she was undergoing chemotherapy,
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rekla je da kada je bila pod kemoterapijom,
13:55
she had to go to the hospital every month for her infusions.
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morala je svaki mjesec ići u bolnicu kako bi primila infuziju.
13:58
Her whole family suffered
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Cijela obitelj joj je patila
14:00
as her side effect profile came and went.
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dok su joj nuspojave dolazile i prolazile.
14:02
Now she can run
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Sada može obavljati
14:04
all of the activities of her farm.
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sve aktivnosti na svojoj farmi.
14:07
It's only the beginning.
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To je samo početak.
14:09
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
14:16
In the lab, we've observed tremendous synergies
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U laboratoriju smo promatrali ogromne sinergije
14:20
between chemotherapy and Tumor Treating Fields.
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između kemoterapije i Polja za liječenje raka.
14:23
There's research underway now at Harvard Medical School
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Trenutno je u tijeku istraživanje u Medicinskoj školi na Harvardu
14:26
to pick the optimum pairs
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kako bi se izabrali optimalni parovi
14:28
to maximize that benefit.
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da bi se povećala korist.
14:30
We also believe that Tumor Treating Fields will work with radiation
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Također vjerujemo da će Polja za liječenje tumora surađivati sa zračenjem
14:33
and interrupt the self-repair mechanisms that we have.
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i prekidati mehanizam samopopravljanja koji imamo.
14:37
There's now a new research project underway
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Trenutno je u tijeku novi istraživački projekt
14:39
at the Karolinska in Sweden
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u Karolinskoj u Švedskoj
14:41
to prove that hypothesis.
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kako bi se dokazala ta tvrdnja.
14:43
We have more trials planned
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Imamo u planu još ispitivanja
14:45
for lung cancer,
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za rak pluća,
14:47
pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer
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rak jetre, rak jajnika
14:49
and breast cancer.
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i rak dojke.
14:51
And I firmly believe
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I čvrsto vjerujem
14:53
that in the next 10 years
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kako će u sljedećih deset godina
14:55
Tumor Treating Fields
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Polja za liječenje tumora
14:57
will be a weapon available to doctors and patients
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biti oružje dostupno doktorima i pacijentima
15:00
for all of these most-difficult-to-treat solid tumors.
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za sve te najteže izlječive oblike tumora.
15:06
I'm also very hopeful
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Također se veoma nadam
15:08
that in the next decades,
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da ćemo u sljedećim desetljećima
15:10
we will make big strides
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napraviti velike korake
15:12
on reducing that death rate
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na smanjenju stope smrtnosti
15:15
that has been so challenging in this disease.
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u ovoj bolesti koja stvara tolike probleme.
15:18
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
15:20
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
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