Bill Doyle: Treating cancer with electric fields

187,728 views ・ 2012-01-31

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Hyemin Jeon κ²€ν† : Seungbum Son
00:15
Everybody in our society's life is touched by cancer --
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우리 μ‚¬νšŒμ˜ λͺ¨λ“  이듀이 μ•”κ³Ό 연관이 λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:18
if not personally,
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개인적이 μ•„λ‹ˆλ”λΌλ„
00:20
then through a loved one, a family member,
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μ‚¬λž‘ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄λ‚˜ κ°€μ‘± ꡬ성원,
00:23
colleague, friend.
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직μž₯λ™λ£Œ, μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ„ ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ 말이죠.
00:25
And once our lives are touched by cancer,
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그리고 우리 삢이 μ•”κ³Ό 관련이 λ˜λŠ” μˆœκ°„,
00:28
we quickly learn
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ•”μ˜ λ³‘λ§ˆμ™€ μ‹Έμš°κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ
00:30
that there are basically
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기본적으둜 세가지 무기
00:32
three weapons, or three tools, that are available
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ν˜Ήμ€ μ„Έκ°€μ§€μ˜ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 도ꡬ가 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 사싀을
00:35
to fight the disease:
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λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μ•Œκ²Œλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:38
surgery, radiation and chemotherapy.
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λ°”λ‘œ 수술과 방사λŠ₯ 그리고 ν™”ν•™ μš”λ²•μ΄μ£ .
00:41
And once we get involved
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그리고 치료λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ 결단을
00:44
in the therapeutic decisions,
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λ‚΄λ¦¬κ²Œ 될 λ•Œμ—λ„
00:47
again either personally
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λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œλ²ˆ, κ°œμΈμ μœΌλ‘œλ“ 
00:49
or with our loved ones and family members,
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ν˜Ήμ€ μ‚¬λž‘ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄λ‚˜ 가쑱듀을 ν†΅ν•΄μ„œλ“ 
00:52
we also very quickly learn
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 μš”λ²•λ“€μ˜ 이점과
00:55
the benefits, the trade-offs and the limitations
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λΆ€μž‘μš©, 그리고 ν•œκ³„μ— λŒ€ν•΄
00:58
of these tools.
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λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μ•Œκ²Œλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
I'm very thankful to Jay and to Mark
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μ €λŠ” μ œμ΄μ™€ 마크
01:02
and the TEDMED team
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그리고 TEDMED νŒ€μ—κ²Œ
01:04
for inviting me today
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μ „κΈ°μž₯ μ’…μ–‘ 치료(Tumor Treating Fields)라고 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ”
01:06
to describe a fourth tool, a new tool,
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이 λ„€λ²ˆμ§Έ λ°©μ•ˆ, μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 방법을 μ„€λͺ…ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘
01:09
that we call Tumor Treating Fields.
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μ΄ˆλŒ€ν•΄μ£Όμ‹¬μ— κ°μ‚¬ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 말씀을 λ“œλ¦¬κ³ μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:12
Tumor Treating Fields
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이 μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•μ€
01:14
were invented by Dr. Yoram Palti,
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μ΄μŠ€λΌμ—˜ κ³΅κ³ΌλŒ€ν•™ ν…Œν¬λ‹ˆμ–Έμ˜ λͺ…μ˜ˆκ΅μˆ˜μΈ
01:17
professor emeritus at the Technion in Israel.
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μš”λžŒ νŒ”ν‹°(Yoram Palti)박사가 κ°œλ°œν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€..
01:20
And they use low-intensity
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그듀은 μ €κ°•λ„μ˜
01:22
electric fields
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μ „κΈ°μž₯을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬
01:24
to fight cancer.
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μ•”κ³Ό μ‹ΈμšΈμˆ˜ μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
To understand how Tumor Treating Fields work,
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μ „κΈ°μž₯ μ’…μ–‘ μΉ˜λ£Œκ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ €λ©΄.
01:29
we first need to understand
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λ¨Όμ € μ „κΈ°μž₯이 μ–΄λ–€ 것인지에 λŒ€ν•΄
01:31
what are electric fields.
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이해해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
Let me first address
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λ¨Όμ € λͺ‡λͺ‡ 널리 μ•Œλ €μ§„ μ˜€ν•΄λ“€μ„
01:36
a few popular misconceptions.
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μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•΄μ•Όκ² λ„€μš”.
01:39
First of all, electric fields
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첫번째둜, μ „κΈ°μž₯은
01:41
are not an electric current
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인체쑰직을 따라 흐λ₯΄κ±°λ‚˜ ν•˜λŠ”
01:43
that is coursing through the tissue.
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μ „λ₯˜κ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
Electric fields
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μ „κΈ°μž₯은
01:48
are not ionizing radiation,
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μ—‘μŠ€λ ˆμ΄λ‚˜ μ–‘μ„ μž λΉ”κ³Ό 같이
01:50
like X-rays or proton beams,
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인체쑰직을 κ³΅κ²©ν•˜μ—¬
01:52
that bombard tissue
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DNAλ₯Ό λ°©ν•΄ν•˜λŠ”
01:54
to disrupt DNA.
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전리 방사선이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
And electric fields
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λ˜ν•œ μ „κΈ°μž₯은
01:58
are not magnetism.
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μžμ„±(磁性:μžμ„μ˜ μ„±μ§ˆ)도 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
What electric fields are
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ „κΈ°μž₯μ΄λž€ 무엇인가-
02:02
are a field of forces.
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λ°”λ‘œ 힘이 μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ” μ˜μ—­μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
And these forces
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이 νž˜μ€
02:07
act on, attract, bodies
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μ „ν•˜(電荷)λ₯Ό κ°€μ§€κ³ μžˆλŠ” 우리 λͺΈμ—
02:10
that have an electrical charge.
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μž‘μš©ν•˜κ³  λŒμ–΄λ‹ΉκΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:13
The best way to visualize an electric field
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μ „κΈ°μž₯을 머리속에 κ·Έλ €λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” κ°€μž₯ 쒋은 방법은
02:15
is to think of gravity.
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쀑λ ₯에 λŒ€ν•΄ μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
Gravity is also a field of forces
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쀑λ ₯ μ—­μ‹œ μ§ˆλŸ‰μ— μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ”
02:20
that act on masses.
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힘의 μ˜μ—­μ΄μ£ .
02:22
We can all picture astronauts in space.
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μš°μ£ΌλΉ„ν–‰μ‚¬λ“€μ΄ μš°μ£Όμ— μžˆλŠ” 그림을 μƒμƒν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
02:25
They float freely in three dimensions
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κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ κ°€ν•΄μ§€λŠ” μ–΄λ–€ 힘의 방해없이
02:27
without any forces acting on them.
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3차원 κ³΅κ°„μ—μ„œ 자유둭게 λ– λ‹€λ‹ˆμ£ .
02:29
But as that space shuttle
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°μ£ΌλΉ„ν–‰μ„ μ΄
02:32
returns to Earth,
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μ§€κ΅¬λ‘œ λŒμ•„μ˜€κ³ ,
02:34
and as the astronauts enter the Earth's gravitational field,
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μš°μ£ΌλΉ„ν–‰μ‚¬κ°€ μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ 쀑λ ₯μ˜μ—­μ— μ§„μž…ν•  λ•Œ,
02:37
they begin to see the effects of gravity.
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그듀은 쀑λ ₯의 효과λ₯Ό 느끼기 μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:40
They begin to be attracted towards Earth.
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지ꡬλ₯Ό ν–₯ν•΄ μž‘μ•„λ‹Ήκ²¨μ§€κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ£ .
02:42
And as they land,
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λ§ˆμΉ¨λ‚΄ μ°©λ₯™ν•˜λ©΄,
02:44
they're fully aligned in the gravitational field.
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그듀은 μ™„μ „ν•˜κ²Œ 쀑λ ₯의 μ˜μ—­μ— λ†“μ—¬μ§€κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:46
We're, of course, all stuck in the Earth's gravitational field right now.
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘ μ—­μ‹œ, λ‹Ήμ—°ν•˜κ²Œλ„, μ§€κΈˆ 이 μˆœκ°„ μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ 쀑λ ₯μ˜μ—­μ— λ”± λΆ™μ–΄μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
That's why you're all in your chairs.
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그게 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ μ˜μžμ— μ•‰μ•„μžˆμ„ 수 μžˆλŠ” 이유이고,
02:52
And that's why we have to use our muscle energy
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또 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μΌμ–΄μ„œκ³  κ±Έμ–΄λ‹€λ‹ˆκ±°λ‚˜
02:54
to stand up, to walk around
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물건을 λ“€μ–΄μ˜¬λ¦΄λ•Œμ—
02:56
and to lift things.
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근윑 μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Όν•˜λŠ” μ΄μœ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
In cancer,
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μ•”μ˜ μ§„ν–‰μ—μ„œ,
03:01
cells rapidly divide
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μ„Έν¬λŠ” κΈ‰μ†λ„λ‘œ λΆ„μ—΄ν•˜λ©°
03:03
and lead to uncontrolled tumor growth.
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주체할 수 없을 μ •λ„μ˜ μ•…μ„±μ’…μ–‘μ˜ 증식을 κ°€μ Έμ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:06
We can think of a cell
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μ „μž(電子)적인 츑면으둜 봀을 λ•Œ
03:09
from an electrical perspective
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 세포λ₯Ό 마치
03:11
as if it's a mini space station.
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μž‘μ€ 우주 μ •κ±°μž₯같이 생각해볼 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
And in that space station
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이 우주 μ •κ±°μž₯μ•ˆμ—
03:16
we have the genetic material, the chromosomes,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ—Όμƒ‰μ²΄λΌλŠ” μœ μ „μ  λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ κ°–κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:19
within a nucleus.
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ν•΅ 속에 말이죠.
03:21
And out in the cytoplasmic soup
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그리고 ν•΅ λ°”κΉ₯ μ„Έν¬μ§ˆ μ†μ—λŠ”
03:23
we have special proteins
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3μ°¨μ›μ μœΌλ‘œ
03:25
that are required for cell division
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자유둭게 λ– λ‹€λ‹ˆλ©°
03:27
that float freely in this soup
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세포 뢄열에 ν•„μˆ˜μ μΈ
03:29
in three dimensions.
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νŠΉλ³„ν•œ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:31
Importantly, those special proteins
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μ€‘μš”ν•˜κ²Œλ„, 이 νŠΉλ³„ν•œ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆλ“€μ€
03:34
are among the most highly charged objects
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우리 λͺΈμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 전극을 λ†’κ²Œ λ„κ³ μžˆλŠ”
03:37
in our body.
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물질 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:39
As cell division begins
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세포 뢄열이 μ‹œμž‘λ˜λ©΄μ„œ
03:41
the nucleus disintegrates,
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핡은 λΆ„ν•΄λ˜κ³ ,
03:43
the chromosomes line up
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염색체듀은 세포 ν•œκ°€μš΄λ°μ—
03:45
in the middle of the cell
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λ‚˜μ—΄λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:47
and those special proteins
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그리고 이 νŠΉλ³„ν•œ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆλ“€μ€
03:49
undergo a three-dimensional sequence
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끝과 끝μͺ½μ— λΆ™μ–΄
03:53
whereby they attach
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말 κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ λ”± κ³ μ •λ˜μ–΄μ„œ
03:55
and they literally click into place end-on-end
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μ‚¬μŠ¬μ„ ν˜•μ„±ν•˜κ³ 
03:58
to form chains.
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3차원적인 배열을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
These chains
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κ·Έ ν›„ 이 μ‚¬μŠ¬λ“€μ€
04:02
then progress and attach
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μ§„ν–‰λ˜μ–΄ λ‚˜κ°€λ©΄μ„œ
04:04
to the genetic material
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μœ μ „μ  λ¬Όμ§ˆμ— 달라뢙어
04:07
and pull the genetic material
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ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ„Έν¬μ—μ„œ λ‘κ°œμ˜ μ„Έν¬λ‘œ
04:09
from one cell into two cells.
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μœ μ „μ  λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ λ‚˜λˆ„λ©° μž‘μ•„λ‹ΉκΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:11
And this is exactly how
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그리고 이것이
04:13
one cancer cell becomes two cancer cells,
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ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 암세포가 λ‘κ°œμ˜ 암세포가 되고,
04:15
two cancer cells become four cancer cells,
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λ‘κ°œμ˜ 암세포가 λ„€κ°œμ˜ 암세포가 되고,
04:17
and we have ultimately
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ꢁ극적으둜 μ œμ–΄ λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•œ
04:19
uncontrolled tumor growth.
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μ•”μ˜ 증식이 λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” κ³Όμ •μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:22
Tumor Treating Fields
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μ „κΈ°μž₯ μ’…μ–‘ μΉ˜λ£ŒλŠ”
04:25
use externally placed transducers
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이 세포 우주 μ •κ±°μž₯에
04:29
attached to a field generator
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μΈμœ„μ μΈ μ „κΈ°μž₯을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄κΈ°μœ„ν•΄
04:32
to create an artificial electric field
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λ³€ν™˜κΈ°κ°€ μž₯착된 μ „κΈ°μž₯ 생성μž₯치λ₯Ό
04:36
on that space station.
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λ°”κΉ₯μͺ½μ— μž₯μ°©μ‹œμΌœ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:39
And when that cellular space station
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그리고 이 세포 우주 μ •κ±°μž₯이
04:42
is within the electric field,
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μ „κΈ°μž₯의 μ˜μ—­ μ•ˆμ— 있게되면,
04:44
it acts on those highly charged proteins
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μž₯μΉ˜κ°€ 높은 전극을 λ„λŠ” λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆλ“€μ— μž‘μš©ν•˜μ—¬
04:48
and aligns them.
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μž‘μ•„λ‹ΉκΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:50
And it prevents them from forming those chains,
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딸세포 ν˜•μ„±μ—μžˆμ–΄
04:53
those mitotic spindles,
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μœ μ „μ  λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ λŒμ–΄λ‹ΉκΈ°λŠ”λ°
04:55
that are necessary to pull the genetic material
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λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ ν•„μš”ν•œ μ‚¬μŠ¬ ν˜•μ„±, 방좔체(η΄‘ιŒι«”)λ₯Ό
04:58
into the daughter cells.
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λ°©ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 것이죠.
05:00
What we see is that the cells will attempt to divide
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μ €ν¬λŠ” λͺ‡μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆμ”©μ΄λ‚˜ λΆ„μ—΄ν•˜λ €κ³  μ‹œλ„ν•˜λŠ”
05:03
for several hours.
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세포듀을 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:05
And they will either enter into
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κ·Έ 세포듀은 κ²°κ΅­
05:08
this so-called cellular suicide,
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μ†Œμœ„ μ„Έν¬μžλ©Έμ΄λΌκ³  λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ”
05:10
programmed cell death,
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ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨ν™”λœ μ„Έν¬μ˜ μ£½μŒμ— 이λ₯΄κ±°λ‚˜
05:12
or they will form unhealthy daughter cells
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ν˜Ήμ€ κ±΄κ°•ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œ 딸세포λ₯Ό ν˜•μ„±ν•˜μ—¬
05:15
and enter into apoptosis
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일단 뢄열이 된 ν›„
05:18
once they have divided.
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μ„Έν¬μžλ©Έμ— 이λ₯΄κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:20
And we can observe this.
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이런 과정듀을 κ΄€μ°°ν•˜μ‹€ μˆ˜κ°€ μžˆλŠ”λ°,
05:22
What I'm going to show you next
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μ œκ°€ μ΄μ œλΆ€ν„° λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦΄ 것은
05:24
are two in vitro experiments.
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λ‘κ°œμ˜ μ‹€ν—˜κ΄€λ‚΄ μ‹€ν—˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:26
This is cultures, identical cultures,
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λ³΄μ‹œκ²Œ 될 것은 λ°°μ–‘ 쑰직듀,
05:29
of cervical cancer cells.
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μžκΆμ•” μ„Έν¬μ˜ λ™μΌν•œ λ°°μ–‘ μ‘°μ§λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:31
And we've stained these cultures
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녹색 ν˜•κ΄‘ μ—Όλ£Œλ‘œ
05:33
with a green florescent dye
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λ°°μ–‘ 쑰직듀을 μ—Όμƒ‰ν•˜μ—¬
05:35
so that we can look at these proteins
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λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆλ“€μ΄ μ‚¬μŠ¬ ν˜•μ„±ν•˜λŠ” 것을
05:38
that form these chains.
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잘 볼수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:40
The first clip shows
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첫번째 μ˜μƒμ€
05:42
a normal cell division
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μ „κΈ°μž₯ μ’…μ–‘ 치료 없이
05:45
without the Tumor Treating Fields.
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정상적인 세포 뢄열을 보여주고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:48
What we see
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ³΄μ—¬μ§€λŠ” 것은
05:50
are, first of all, a very active culture,
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첫번째둜, ꡉμž₯히 ν™œλ°œν•œ λ°°μ–‘ 배지듀,
05:52
a lot of divisions,
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λ§Žμ€ 세포뢄열, 그리고 κ·Έλ’€λ₯Ό λ”°λ₯΄λŠ”
05:54
and then very clear nuclei
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세포가 λΆ„μ—΄λœ 후에
05:56
once the cells have separated.
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맀우 μ„ λͺ…ν•œ ν•΅μ˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:58
And we can see them dividing throughout.
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λ˜ν•œ κ³„μ†ν•˜μ—¬ λΆ„μ—΄ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ³Ό 수 있죠.
06:00
When we apply the fields --
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 저희가 μ „κΈ°μž₯을 μ μš©μ‹œμΌ°μ„ λ•Œμ—λŠ”-
06:02
again, in the identical time-scale
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λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œλ²ˆ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬μ§€λ§Œ 같은 배양쑰직을
06:04
to the identical culture --
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같은 μ‹œκ°„λ™μ•ˆμ΄λΌλŠ” μ‘°κ±΄μ•„λž˜μ„œ-
06:06
you're going to see something different.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 것을 λ³΄κ²Œλ˜μ‹€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:08
The cells round up for division,
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세포듀은 뢄열을 μœ„ν•΄ λͺ¨μ•„μ§€μ§€λ§Œ
06:10
but they're very static in that position.
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κ·Έ μƒνƒœμ—μ„œ μ›€μ§μž„μ΄ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:13
We'll see two cells
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이제 ν™”λ©΄μ˜ μœ—λΆ€λΆ„μ—μ„œ
06:15
in the upper part of the screen
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λΆ„μ—΄ν•˜λ €κ³  μ‹œλ„ν•˜λŠ”
06:20
attempting to divide.
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2개의 세포λ₯Ό λ³΄μ‹€ν…λ°μš”.
06:22
The one within the circle manages.
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동그라미 μ•ˆμ— μžˆλŠ” 것을 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
06:24
But see how much of the protein
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ–Όλ§ˆλ§ŒνΌμ˜ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ΄
06:26
is still throughout the nucleus,
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아직도 ν•΅ κ·Όμ²˜μ— μžˆλŠ”κ°€λ₯Ό λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
06:28
even in the dividing cell.
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심지어 λΆ„μ—΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ„Έν¬μ—μ„œλ„ 말이죠.
06:30
The one up there can't divide at all.
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μ € μœ„μ— μžˆλŠ” 것은 μ•„μ˜ˆ λΆ„μ—΄ 자체λ₯Ό ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:32
And then this bubbling, this membrane bubbling,
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그리고 이 μΌλ μž„μ΄, μ €λ ‡κ²Œ 세포가 μΌλ μ΄λŠ” 것이,
06:35
is the hallmark
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μ„Έν¬μžλ©Έμ˜
06:37
of apoptosis in this cell.
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νŠΉμ§•μ΄λΌκ³  ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:40
Formation of healthy mitotic spindles
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μ˜¨μ „ν•œ 방좔체(η΄‘ιŒι«”)λ₯Ό ν˜•μ„±ν•˜λŠ” 것은
06:44
is necessary for division
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μ–΄λ–€ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μ„Έν¬μ—μ„œλ“ 
06:47
in all cell types.
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λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:49
We've applied Tumor Treating Fields
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μ €ν¬λŠ” μ „κΈ°μž₯ μ’…μ–‘ 치료λ₯Ό
06:51
to over 20 different cancers in the lab,
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μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€μ—μ„œ 20κ°œκ°€ λ„˜λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 암에 μ μš©ν•΄μ™”κ³ ,
06:54
and we see this effect
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이런 효과λ₯Ό
06:56
in all of them.
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κ·Έ λͺ¨λ“  μ‹€ν—˜μ—μ„œ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:59
Now importantly,
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ 점은,
07:01
these Tumor Treating Fields have no effect
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이 μ „κΈ°μž₯ μ’…μ–‘ μΉ˜λ£ŒλŠ” 일반적인
07:04
on normal undividing cells.
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λΆ„μ—΄ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” μ„Έν¬μ—λŠ” μ „ν˜€ 영ν–₯을 주지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:06
10 years ago,
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10λ…„ μ „,
07:08
Dr. Palti founded a company called Novocure
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νŒ”ν‹° λ°•μ‚¬λŠ” 그의 연ꡬλ₯Ό
07:11
to develop his discovery
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ν™˜μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ‹€μ§ˆμ μΈ μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•μœΌλ‘œ μ“°κΈ°μœ„ν•΄
07:14
into a practical therapy for patients.
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노보큐어(Novocure)λΌλŠ” νšŒμ‚¬λ₯Ό μ„€λ¦½ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:17
In that time, Novocure's developed two systems --
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κ·Έ λ‹Ήμ‹œμ— λ…Έλ³΄νμ–΄λŠ” 두가지 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ κ°œλ°œν–ˆλŠ”λ°,
07:21
one system for cancers in the head
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ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” λ¨Έλ¦¬λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 암을 μœ„ν•œ 것이고,
07:24
and another system for cancers in the trunk of the body.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” λͺΈμ—μ„œ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” 암을 μœ„ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:27
The first cancer that we have focused on
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저희가 쀑점을 λ‘μ—ˆλ˜ 첫번째 암은
07:30
is the deadly brain cancer, GBM.
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치λͺ…적인 λ‡Œμ•”, GBMμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:33
GBM affects about 10,000 people
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GBM은 ν•œ ν•΄ 10,000λͺ…μ˜ λ―Έκ΅­μΈμ—κ²Œμ„œ
07:36
in the U.S. each year.
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λ°œλ³‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:39
It's a death sentence.
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μ‚¬ν˜•μ„ κ³ μ΄μ§€μš”.
07:41
The expected five year survival
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5λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 생쑴 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κ°€λŠ₯성이
07:43
is less than five percent.
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5%도 채 λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:45
And the typical patient
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그리고 μ΅œμƒμ˜ 치료λ₯Ό λ°›λŠ”
07:47
with optimal therapy
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일반적인 ν™˜μžμ˜ 경우
07:49
survives just a little over a year,
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겨우 일년이 λ„˜μ„κΉŒν•˜κ³ ,
07:52
and only about seven months
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병이 처음으둜 치료된 μ‹œμ μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„°
07:54
from the time that the cancer is first treated
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7κ°œμ›” 정도 ν›„
07:57
and then comes back and starts growing again.
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암은 μž¬λ°œν•˜κ³  λ‹€μ‹œ μ§„ν–‰λ˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:02
Novocure conducted
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λ…Έλ³΄νμ–΄λŠ” μ²«λ‹¨κ³„λ‘œμ„œ
08:04
its first phase three randomized trial
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GBM이 μž¬λ°œν•œ ν™˜μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ
08:06
in patients with recurrent GBM.
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μ„Έκ°€μ§€μ˜ μž„μ˜μ μΈ μ‹œλ„λ₯Ό μ‹€ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:08
So these are patients
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν™˜μžλ“€μ€
08:10
who had received surgery,
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μˆ˜μˆ μ„ 받은 κ²½ν—˜μ΄ 있고,
08:14
high dose radiation to the head
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머리에 높은 수치의 λ°©μ‚¬μ„ μΉ˜λ£Œλ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜κ³ ,
08:16
and first-line chemotherapy,
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1차적 ν™”ν•™μš”λ²•μ„ λ°›μ•˜μŒμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
08:18
and that had failed and their tumors had grown back.
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μ‹€νŒ¨ν•˜μ—¬ 악성쒅양이 μž¬λ°œν•œ κ²½μš°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:21
We divided the patients into two groups.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν™˜μžλ“€μ„ λ‘κ°œμ˜ μ§‘λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:24
The first group received second-line chemotherapy,
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첫번째 집단은 λ‹€λ₯Έ μΉ˜λ£ŒλŠ” μ „ν˜€ 받지 μ•ŠλŠ” μƒνƒœμ—μ„œ
08:27
which is expected to double the life expectancy,
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κΈ°λŒ€μˆ˜λͺ…을 λ‘λ°°λ‘œ λŠ˜λ €μ€€λ‹€κ³  μ•Œλ €μ ΈμžˆλŠ”
08:30
versus no treatment at all.
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2μ°¨ ν™”ν•™μš”λ²•λ§Œμ„ λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:32
And then the second group
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그리고 λ‘λ²ˆμ§Έ 집단은
08:34
received only Tumor Treating Field therapy.
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였직 μ „κΈ°μž₯ μ’…μ–‘ 치료 치료만 λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:37
What we saw in that trial
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저희가 이 μ‹€ν—˜μ—μ„œ μ•Œκ²Œλœ 것은
08:39
is that that the life expectancies of both groups --
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두 μ§‘λ‹¨μ˜ κΈ°λŒ€μˆ˜λͺ…-
08:42
so the chemotherapy treated group
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ ν™”ν•™μš”λ²• 치료 집단과
08:44
and the Tumor Treating Field group --
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μ „κΈ°μž₯ μ’…μ–‘ 치료 집단말이죠-
08:46
was the same.
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이 λ‘˜μ˜ κΈ°λŒ€μˆ˜λͺ…이 κ°™λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:48
But importantly,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은,
08:50
the Tumor Treating Field group
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μ „κΈ°μž₯ μ’…μ–‘ 치료 집단은
08:53
suffered none of the side effects
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ν™”ν•™μš”λ²•μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 일반적으둜 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ”
08:56
typical of chemotherapy patients.
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κ·Έ μ–΄λ–€ λΆ€μž‘μš©μœΌλ‘œ 고톡받지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:59
They had no pain,
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고톡도 μ—†μ—ˆκ³ ,
09:01
suffered none of the infections.
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κ°μ—ΌμœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ κ΄΄λ‘œμ›€ λ˜ν•œ μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:04
They had no nausea, diarrhea,
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일반적으둜 μ˜ˆμƒλ˜λŠ”, λ§€μŠ€κΊΌμ›€, 섀사,
09:07
constipation, fatigue
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λ³€λΉ„, 피곀이
09:10
that would be expected.
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μœ λ°œλ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:12
Based on this trial,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ‹€ν—˜μ„ 기반으둜,
09:14
in April of this year,
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μ˜¬ν•΄ 4μ›”,
09:16
the FDA approved Tumor Treating Fields
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FDAλŠ” μ „κΈ°μž₯ μ’…μ–‘ 치료λ₯Ό
09:19
for the treatment of patients
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GBM 재발 ν™˜μžλ“€μ„ μœ„ν•œ 치료 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ
09:21
with recurrent GBM.
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μŠΉμΈν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:24
Importantly, it was the first time ever
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은,
09:27
that the FDA included
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FDAκ°€ μ’…μ–‘μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•μ„
09:29
in their approval of an oncology treatment
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μ‚Άμ˜ 질의 κ°œμ„ μ΄λΌλŠ” 이유둜 μŠΉμΈν•œ 것이
09:32
a quality of life claim.
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이번이 μ²˜μŒμ΄λΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:36
So I'm going to show you now
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜
09:39
one of the patients
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이 μ‹€ν—˜μ˜ ν™˜μžλ“€ 쀑 ν•œλͺ…을
09:41
from this trial.
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λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬λ €ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:44
Robert Dill-Bundi
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λ‘œλ²„νŠΈ λ”œ λ²ˆλ””(Robert Dill Bundi)λŠ”
09:46
is a famous Swiss cycling champion.
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μŠ€μœ„μŠ€μ˜ 유λͺ…ν•œ 사이클 μš°μŠΉμžμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:48
He won the gold medal in Moscow
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κ·ΈλŠ” λͺ¨μŠ€ν¬λ°”μ—μ„œ μ—΄λ¦°
09:50
in the 4,000 meter pursuit.
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4,000m κ²½κΈ°μ—μ„œ κΈˆλ©”λ‹¬μ— μš°μŠΉν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:53
And five years ago,
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5λ…„ μ „,
09:56
Robert was diagnosed with GBM.
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λ‘œλ²„νŠΈλŠ” GBM을 μ§„λ‹¨λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:59
He received the standard treatments.
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일반적인 μˆ˜μ€€μ˜ 치료λ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜μ£ .
10:01
He received surgery.
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μˆ˜μˆ μ„ λ°›μ•˜κ³ ,
10:04
He received high dose radiation to the head.
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머리에 높은 수치의 방사선 μΉ˜λ£Œμ™€
10:07
And he received first-line chemotherapy.
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1차적 ν™”ν•™μš”λ²• λ˜ν•œ λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:10
A year after this treatment --
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치료 1λ…„ κ²½κ³Ό ν›„ --
10:12
in fact, this is his baseline MRI.
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이것은 μ‹€μ œ 그의 baseline MRI μ‚¬μ§„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:15
You can see that the black regions
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였λ₯Έμͺ½ 상단에 μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ
10:18
in the upper right quadrant
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검은색 뢀뢄이
10:20
are the areas where he had surgery.
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κ·Έκ°€ 수술 받은 κ³³μ΄λΌλŠ”κ²Œ 보이싀 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:22
And a year after that treatment,
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그리고 치료 1λ…„ ν›„,
10:24
his tumor grew back with a vengeance.
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μ•…μ„± 쒅양은 마치 λ³΅μˆ˜λΌλ„ ν•˜λ €λŠ” λ“― λ‹€μ‹œ μžλΌλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:27
That cloudy white mass that you see
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μ €κΈ° ν¬λΏŒμ˜‡κ²Œ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 것이
10:30
is the recurrence of the tumor.
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쒅양이 μž¬λ°œν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:33
At this point, he was told by his doctors
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이 μ‹œκΈ°μ—, κ·ΈλŠ” μ˜μ‚¬λ‘œλΆ€ν„°
10:36
that he had about 3 months to live.
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3κ°œμ›” 정도밖에 남지 μ•Šμ•˜λŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ„ κ³ λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:39
He entered our trial.
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그리고 저희 μ‹€ν—˜μ— μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:41
And here we can see him getting the therapy.
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μ—¬κΈ° κ·Έκ°€ μΉ˜λ£Œλ°›λŠ” 것을 보싀 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:44
First of all, these electrodes are noninvasive.
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κ°€μž₯ λ¨Όμ €, 이 μ „λ„μ²΄λŠ” κ΅­λΆ€μ μœΌλ‘œλ§Œ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:47
They're attached to the skin
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암이 μžˆλŠ” 곳의 피뢀에
10:49
in the area of the tumor.
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λΆ™μ΄κΈ°λ§Œ ν•˜λ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:51
Here you can see
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ³΄μ‹œλ“―μ΄
10:53
that a technician is placing them on there much like bandages.
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κΈ°μˆ μžκ°€ 마치 정말 λ°˜μ°½κ³ μΈλ“― 뢙이고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:56
The patients learn to do this themselves
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ν™˜μžλŠ” 슀슀둜 ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ 배우죠.
10:59
And then the patients
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그러고 λ‚˜λ©΄ ν™˜μžλ“€μ€
11:02
can undergo all the activities of their daily life.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 일상적 λ‚˜λ‚ μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  ν™œλ™μ„ ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:05
There's none of the tiredness.
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피곀함은 μ „ν˜€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:07
There's none of what is called the "chemo head."
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μ†Œμœ„ λ§ν•˜λŠ” "화학적 영ν–₯"도 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:10
There's no sensation.
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λŠλ‚Œλ„ μ „ν˜€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:12
It doesn't interfere
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μ»΄ν“¨ν„°λ‚˜ μ „μž μž₯치λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것을
11:14
with computers or electrical equipment.
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λ°©ν•΄ν•˜μ§€λ„ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:17
And the therapy is delivered continuously
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그리고 μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ μ§‘μœΌλ‘œ
11:19
at home,
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λ°°μ†‘λ˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
11:21
without having to go into the hospital
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주기적이든, 계속적이든
11:23
either periodically or continually.
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병원에 κ°€μ•Όν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:26
These are Robert's MRIs,
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이것듀은 λ‘œλ²„νŠΈμ˜ MRI인데,
11:29
again, under only TTField treatment.
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λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œλ²ˆ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, 였직 μ „κΈ°μž₯ μ’…μ–‘ 치료만 λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:32
This is a therapy that takes time to work.
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이것은 μ‹œκ°„μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:35
It's a medical device;
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이것은 μž‘λ™ν•  λ•Œλ§Œ
11:37
it works when it's on.
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νš¨κ³Όκ°€ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” 그런 의료기기 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:39
But what we can see is, by month six,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ΄€μ°°ν•œ 것은, 6κ°œμ›” 지났을 λ•Œ,
11:41
the tumor has responded
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쒅양이 λ°˜μ‘μ„ λ³΄μ˜€κ³ 
11:44
and it's begun to melt away.
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녹아내리기 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:47
It's still there.
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아직은 λ‚¨μ•„μžˆλŠ” μƒνƒœμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:49
By month 12,
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12κ°œμ›” 경과후에,
11:51
we could argue whether
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κ°€μž₯자리 μ£Όλ³€μœΌλ‘œ
11:53
there's a little bit of material around the edges,
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μ•½κ°„μ˜ 물질이 보인닀고 ν•  수 μžˆμ„μ§€λŠ” λͺ¨λ₯΄μ§€λ§Œ,
11:55
but it's essentially completely gone.
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근본적으둜 μ™„μ „νžˆ μ—†μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:58
It's now five years
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λ‘œλ²„νŠΈκ°€ 진단을 받은지
12:00
since Robert's diagnosis,
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5λ…„μ΄λž€ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ ν˜λ €κ³ ,
12:02
and he's alive,
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ‚΄μ•„μžˆλŠ”λ°λ‹€κ°€,
12:05
but importantly, he's healthy
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은, μ—¬μ „νžˆ κ±΄κ°•ν•˜κ³ ,
12:07
and he's at work.
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μΌν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:09
I'm going to let him, in this very short clip,
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짧은 λΉ„λ””μ˜€λ₯Ό 톡해,
12:11
describe his impressions of the therapy
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이 μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•μ— κ΄€ν•œ 그의 μ˜κ²¬μ„
12:13
in his own words.
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직접 λ“€μ–΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:15
(Video) Robert Dill-Bundi: My quality of life,
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(λΉ„λ””μ˜€)λ‘œλ²„νŠΈ λ”œ-λ²ˆλ””: 제 μ‚Άμ˜ 질 말이죠,
12:17
I rate what I have today
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μ €λŠ” μ œκ°€ μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  가진 것을
12:19
a bit different than what most people would assume.
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ 바라보고 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
12:23
I am the happiest, the happiest person in the world.
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μ €λŠ” μ„Έμƒμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯, 졜고둜 ν–‰λ³΅ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:28
And every single morning I appreciate life.
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맀일 μ•„μΉ¨ 삢이 μ£Όμ–΄μ‘Œλ‹€λŠ” 것에 κ°μ‚¬ν•˜κ³ ,
12:32
Every night I fall asleep very well,
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맀일 λ°€ νŽΈμ•ˆν•˜κ²Œ μž μ„ 자고,
12:35
and I am, I repeat,
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그리고 μ €λŠ”, λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œλ²ˆ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ,
12:38
the happiest man in the world,
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μ„Έμƒμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ ν–‰λ³΅ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄κ³ ,
12:40
and I'm thankful I am alive.
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μ‚΄μ•„μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것에 κ°μ‚¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
12:45
BD: Novocure's also working on lung cancer
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λ…Έλ³΄νμ–΄λŠ” λ˜ν•œ λ‹€μŒ λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ
12:48
as the second target.
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폐암에 λ…Έλ ₯을 듀이고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:50
We've run a phase two trial
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μ €ν¬λŠ” μŠ€μœ„μŠ€μ—μ„œ
12:52
in Switzerland
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두가지 μ‹œλ„λ₯Ό ν•΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:54
on, again, recurrent patients --
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, 재발 ν™˜μžλ“€--
12:56
patients who have received standard therapy
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일반적인 치료λ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜κ³ ,
12:59
and whose cancer has come back.
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암이 λ‹€μ‹œ λ°œλ³‘λœ ν™˜μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ 말이죠.
13:02
I'm going to show you another clip
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리디아(Lydia)λΌλŠ” 여성뢄에 λŒ€ν•œ
13:04
of a woman named Lydia.
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짧은 λΉ„λ””μ˜€λ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:06
Lydia's a 66 year-old farmer
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λ¦¬λ””μ•„λŠ” μŠ€μœ„μŠ€μ˜
13:08
in Switzerland.
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66μ„Έμ˜ λ†λΆ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:10
She was diagnosed with lung cancer
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 5λ…„ 전에
13:12
five years ago.
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폐암을 μ§„λ‹¨λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:14
She underwent four different regimes of chemotherapy
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 2년에 κ±Έμ³μ„œ 넀가지 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜μ—­μ˜
13:17
over two years,
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ν™”ν•™μš”λ²•μ„ λ°›μ•˜μ§€λ§Œ,
13:19
none of which had an effect.
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μ–΄λ–€ 것도 효과λ₯Ό 내지 λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:21
Her cancer continued to grow.
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암은 계속 μžλΌλ‚¬μ£ .
13:23
Three years ago,
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3λ…„ μ „,
13:25
she entered the Novocure lung cancer trial.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λ…Έλ³΄νμ–΄μ˜ 폐암 μ‹€ν—˜μ— μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:29
You can see, in her case,
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λ³΄μ‹œλ“―μ΄, κ·Έλ…€μ˜ κ²½μš°μ—λŠ”,
13:31
she's wearing her transducer arrays,
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λ³€ν™˜κΈ° μž₯치λ₯Ό κ°€μŠ΄ μ•ž ν•œ μͺ½μ—,
13:33
one of the front of her chest, one on the back,
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그리고 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” λ“± 뒀에,
13:36
and then the second pair side-to-side over the liver.
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간을 μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ μ–‘μͺ½μ— μ°©μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:39
You can see the Tumor Treating Field field generator,
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ν™”λ©΄μ—μ„œ 자기μž₯ 생성기도 보싀 수 μžˆκ² μ§€λ§Œ,
13:42
but importantly you can also see that she is living her life.
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은, κ·Έλ…€κ°€ κ·Έλ…€ 본인의 삢을 μ‚΄κ³ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것이 보이싀 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:45
She is managing her farm.
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농μž₯을 κ²½μ˜ν•˜κ³ ,
13:47
She's interacting with her kids and her grand kids.
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μžμ‹λ“€, μ†μž 손녀듀과 μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ³΄λ‚΄μ‹œκ³  κ³„μ‹œλ„€μš”.
13:50
And when we talked to her,
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저희가 그녀와 λŒ€ν™”ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ,
13:53
she said that when she was undergoing chemotherapy,
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” ν™”ν•™μš”λ²•μ„ ν•˜λŠ”λ™μ•ˆ μ£Όμž…μ„ μœ„ν•΄
13:55
she had to go to the hospital every month for her infusions.
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λ§€λ‹¬λ§ˆλ‹€ 병원에 κ°€μ•Όν–ˆλ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:58
Her whole family suffered
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κ·Έλ…€μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  가쑱듀이
14:00
as her side effect profile came and went.
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λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜κ³  μ‚¬λΌμ§€κ³ ν•˜λŠ” λΆ€μž‘μš©λ•Œλ¬Έμ— νž˜λ“€μ–΄ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:02
Now she can run
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이제 κ·Έλ…€λŠ”
14:04
all of the activities of her farm.
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농μž₯의 λͺ¨λ“  ν™œλ™λ“€μ„ μš΄μ˜ν•΄λ‚Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:07
It's only the beginning.
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이것은 단지 μ‹œμž‘μ— λΆˆκ³Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:09
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
14:16
In the lab, we've observed tremendous synergies
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μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€μ—μ„œ, μ €ν¬λŠ” ν™”ν•™μš”λ²•κ³Ό
14:20
between chemotherapy and Tumor Treating Fields.
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μ „κΈ°μž₯ μ’…μ–‘ 치료 μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ ꡉμž₯ν•œ μ‹œλ„ˆμ§€νš¨κ³Όλ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:23
There's research underway now at Harvard Medical School
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효과λ₯Ό κ·ΉλŒ€ν™”ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ
14:26
to pick the optimum pairs
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졜적의 쑰합을 찾고자
14:28
to maximize that benefit.
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ν•˜λ²„λ“œ μ˜ν•™λŒ€ν•™μ—μ„œ 연ꡬ가 진행쀑에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:30
We also believe that Tumor Treating Fields will work with radiation
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μ €ν¬λŠ” λ˜ν•œ μ „κΈ°μž₯ μ’…μ–‘ μΉ˜λ£Œκ°€ λ°©μ‚¬μ„ μΉ˜λ£Œμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ μ“°μ—¬
14:33
and interrupt the self-repair mechanisms that we have.
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우리의 자체치유 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ μ–΅μ œν•  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:37
There's now a new research project underway
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이런 가섀을 증λͺ…ν•˜κΈ°μœ„ν•΄
14:39
at the Karolinska in Sweden
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μŠ€μ›¨λ΄μ˜ μΉ΄λ‘€λ¦°μŠ€νƒ€(Karolinska)μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œμ—μ„œ
14:41
to prove that hypothesis.
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μ—­μ‹œ 연ꡬ가 진행쀑에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:43
We have more trials planned
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μ €ν¬λŠ”
14:45
for lung cancer,
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폐암,
14:47
pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer
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췌μž₯μ•”,λ‚œμ†Œμ•”, 그리고 μœ λ°©μ•”μ„ μœ„ν•œ
14:49
and breast cancer.
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더 λ§Žμ€ κ³„νšμ„ κ°€μ§€κ³ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:51
And I firmly believe
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그리고 μ €λŠ” κ΅³κ±΄ν•˜κ²Œ λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:53
that in the next 10 years
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μ•žμœΌλ‘œ 10λ…„ 후에,
14:55
Tumor Treating Fields
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μ „κΈ°μž₯ μ’…μ–‘ μΉ˜λ£Œκ°€ ν™˜μžμ™€ μ˜μ‚¬λ“€μ—κ²Œ μžˆμ–΄
14:57
will be a weapon available to doctors and patients
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이 λͺ¨λ“ , κ°€μž₯ μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜κΈ° μ–΄λ ΅λ‹€κ³  μ—¬κ²¨μ§€λŠ” 암에
15:00
for all of these most-difficult-to-treat solid tumors.
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λŒ€ν•­ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 무기가 될 것이라고 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:06
I'm also very hopeful
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λ˜ν•œ μ €λŠ” ν–₯ν›„ λͺ‡μ‹­λ…„ 내에
15:08
that in the next decades,
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μ΄μ œκΉŒμ§€λŠ” μ•”μœΌλ‘œ 인해 μ–΄λ €μ› λ˜
15:10
we will make big strides
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사망λ₯ μ˜ κ°μ†Œμ—
15:12
on reducing that death rate
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큰 진전을 κ°€μ Έμ˜¬ 것이라고
15:15
that has been so challenging in this disease.
358
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맀우 κΈ°λŒ€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:18
Thank you.
359
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:20
(Applause)
360
920330
9000
(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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