Want to be more creative? Go for a walk | Marily Oppezzo

377,982 views ใƒป 2018-02-06

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Meshi Blum
00:13
The creative process -- you know this --
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ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” -- ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื–ื” --
00:15
from the first idea to the final product,
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ืžื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ืกื•ืคื™
00:17
is a long process.
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ื”ื•ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืืจื•ืš.
00:19
It's super-iterative, lots of refinement,
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ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ืžืื“, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื,
00:22
blood, sweat, tears and years.
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ื“ื, ื™ื–ืข, ื“ืžืขื•ืช ื•ืฉื ื™ื.
00:24
And we're not saying you're going to go out for a walk
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ
00:27
and come back with the Sistine Chapel in your left hand.
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ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืขื ื”ืงืคืœื” ื”ืกื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช.
00:29
So what frame of the creative process did we focus on?
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ืื– ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืžืงื“ื™ื?
00:32
Just this first part.
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ืจืง ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
00:34
Just brainstorming, coming up with a new idea.
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ืจืง ืกื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื—ื•ืช, ื”ืขืœืืช ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ.
00:38
We actually ran four studies with a variety of people.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืจืฆื ื• ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื.
00:42
You were either walking indoors or outdoors.
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ืื• ืฉื”ืœื›ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ื ืื• ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ.
00:44
And all of these studies found the same conclusion.
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืื•ืชื” ืžืกืงื ื”.
00:48
I'm only going to tell you about one of them today.
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ืื ื™ ืืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืจืง ืขืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
00:51
One of the tests we used for creativity was alternate uses.
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ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” 'ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื™ื'.
00:55
In this test, you have four minutes.
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ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืืจื‘ืข ื“ืงื•ืช.
00:57
Your job is to come up with as many other ways to use common everyday objects
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ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื›ื ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื™ื ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื
ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ืขืชื›ื.
01:01
as you can think of.
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01:02
So, for example, what else would you do with a key,
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ืื–, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืžื” ืขื•ื“ ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ืžืคืชื—,
01:05
other than to use it for opening up a lock?
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ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ืœืคืชื™ื—ืช ืžื ืขื•ืœ?
01:08
Clearly, you could use it as a third eyeball for a giraffe, right?
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื’ืœื’ืœ ืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืœื’'ื™ืจืคื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
01:12
Maybe. That's sort of interesting, kind of new. But is it creative?
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ืื•ืœื™, ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™?
01:17
So people came up with as many ideas as they could,
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ืื– ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ืœื•,
01:20
and we had to decide:
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜:
01:21
Is this creative or not?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ ืื• ืœื?
01:24
The definition of creativity that a lot of people go with
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ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื”
01:27
is "appropriate novelty."
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ื”ื™ื "ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืชืื™ืžื”",
01:29
For something to be appropriate, it has to be realistic,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืื™ื,
ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™
01:32
so unfortunately, you can't use a key as an eyeball.
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ืื– ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืคืชื— ื›ื’ืœื’ืœ ืขื™ืŸ.
01:36
Boo!
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ื‘ื•ื•!
01:37
But "novel," the second thing, is that nobody had to have said it.
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ืื‘ืœ "ื—ื“ืฉื ื™," ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™, ื–ื” ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืื•ืชื•.
01:42
So for us, it had to be appropriate first,
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ืื– ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื•, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืื™ื ืงื•ื“ื,
01:45
and then for novelty,
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ื•ืื– ื—ื“ืฉื ื™,
01:46
nobody else in the entire population that we surveyed could have said it.
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืฉืกืงืจื ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืืช ื–ื”.
01:50
So you might think you could use a key to scratch somebody's car,
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ืื– ืืชื ืื•ืœื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืคืชื— ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืจื•ื˜ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•,
01:54
but if somebody else said that, you didn't get credit for it.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืืช ื–ื”, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืงืจื“ื™ื˜ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
01:57
Neither of you did.
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื ืœื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช.
01:58
However, only one person said this:
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ืจืง ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ืืžืจ ืืช ื–ื”:
02:02
"If you were dying and it were a murder mystery,
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"ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืชื™ื ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ืงื™ืจืช ืจืฆื—,
02:05
and you had to carve the name of the murderer into the ground
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืจื•ื˜ ืืช ืฉื ื”ืจื•ืฆื— ืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื”
02:08
with your dying words."
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืชื™ื›ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช."
02:10
One person said this.
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ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ืืžืจ ืืช ื–ื”.
02:11
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:12
And it's a creative idea, because it's appropriate and it's novel.
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ื•ื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืื™ื ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื™.
02:16
You either did this test and came up with ideas while you were seated
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ืื• ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื•ื”ืขืœื™ืชื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉื‘ืชื
02:19
or while you were walking on a treadmill.
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ืื• ื‘ืขื•ื“ื›ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
02:22
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:24
They did the test twice, with different objects.
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ื”ื ืขืฉื• ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืคืขืžื™ื™ื,ืขื ืขืฆืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
02:26
Three groups: the first group sat first
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ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช: ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื™ืฉื‘ื” ืงื•ื“ื
02:30
and then sat again for the second test.
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™.
02:32
The second group sat first
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ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื™ืฉื‘ื” ืงื•ื“ื
02:35
and then did the second test while walking on a treadmill.
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ื•ืื– ืขืฉืชื” ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
02:38
The third group -- and this is interesting --
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ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช -- ื•ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ --
02:41
they walked on the treadmill first, and then they sat.
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ื”ื ื”ืœื›ื• ืขืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืื– ื™ืฉื‘ื•.
02:44
OK, so the two groups that sat together for the first test,
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืื– ืฉืชื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ,
02:48
they looked pretty similar to each other,
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ื”ืŸ ื ืจืื•ืช ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืžื”,
02:50
and they averaged about 20 creative ideas per person.
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ื•ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืจืš 20 ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื ืœืื“ื.
02:54
The group that was walking on the treadmill
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ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉื”ืœื›ื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
02:56
did almost twice as well.
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ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื›ืžืขื˜ ืคื™ ืฉืชื™ื™ื.
02:59
And they were just walking on a treadmill in a windowless room.
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ื•ื”ื ืจืง ื”ืœื›ื• ืขืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื ื˜ื•ืœ ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช.
03:04
Remember, they took the test twice.
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ื–ื›ืจื•, ื”ื ืขืฉื• ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื.
03:06
The people who sat twice for that second test didn't get any better;
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืฉื‘ื• ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืœืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ;
03:10
practice didn't help.
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ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ืœื ืขื–ืจ.
03:12
But these same people who were sitting and then went on the treadmill
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืฉื‘ื• ื•ืื– ืขืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืŸ
03:15
got a boost from walking.
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ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืžื”ืœื™ื›ื”.
03:17
Here's the interesting thing.
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ื”ื ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
03:19
The people who were walking on the treadmill
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืœื›ื• ืขืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืŸ
03:21
still had a residue effect of the walking,
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื”,
03:24
and they were still creative afterwards.
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ื•ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื›ืš.
03:26
So the implication of this is that you should go for a walk
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ืื– ื”ืžืกืงื ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฆืืช ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื”
03:29
before your next big meeting and just start brainstorming right away.
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ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœื›ื ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืกื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื™ื“.
03:34
We have five tips for you
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื
03:36
that will help make this the best effect possible.
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ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœื›ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืœืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช.
03:39
First, you want to pick a problem or a topic to brainstorm.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืื• ื ื•ืฉื ืœืกื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื—ื•ืช.
03:44
So, this is not the shower effect,
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ืื–, ื–ื” ืœื ืืคืงื˜ ื”ืžืงืœื—ืช,
03:46
when you're in the shower and all of a sudden,
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ื›ืฉืืชื ื‘ืžืงืœื—ืช ื•ืคืชืื•ื,
03:48
a new idea pops out of the shampoo bottle.
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ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ืงื•ืคืฅ ืžืชื•ืš ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ื”ืฉืžืคื•.
03:50
This is something you're thinking about ahead of time.
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืžืจืืฉ.
03:53
They're intentionally thinking about brainstorming a different perspective
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ื•ื’ื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืกื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉื•ื ื”
ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื”.
03:57
on the walk.
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03:58
Secondly -- I get asked this a lot:
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ืฉื ื™ืช -- ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื”:
04:00
Is this OK while running?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื”?
04:02
Well, the answer for me is that if I were running,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจืฆื”,
04:05
the only new idea I would have would be to stop running, so ...
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœืจื•ืฅ, ืื–...
04:09
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:10
But if running for you is a comfortable pace, good.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืจื™ืฆื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ื”ื™ื ืงืฆื‘ ื ื•ื—, ื˜ื•ื‘.
04:14
It turns out, whatever physical activity is not taking a lot of attention.
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ, ืฉื›ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ืฉืœื ืœื•ืงื—ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘.
04:18
So just walking at a comfortable pace is a good choice.
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ืื– ืจืง ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื ื•ื— ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
04:22
Also, you want to come up with as many ideas as you can.
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื.
04:25
One key of creativity is to not lock on that first idea.
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ืžืคืชื— ืื—ื“ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื ืœื”ื ืขืœ ืขืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
04:28
Keep going.
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ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื•.
ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืขื“ ืฉืชื‘ื—ืจื• ืื—ื“ ืื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืฉืชืจืฆื• ืœืคืชื—.
04:30
Keep coming up with new ones, until you pick one or two to pursue.
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04:35
You might worry that you don't want to write them down,
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ืื•ืœื™ ืชื“ืื’ื• ืฉืืชื ืœื ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื,
ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืžื” ืื ืชืฉื›ื—ื• ืื•ืชื?
04:38
because what if you forget them?
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04:39
So the idea here is to speak them.
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ืื– ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืคื” ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืื•ืชื.
04:41
Everybody was speaking their new ideas.
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ื›ื•ืœื ืืžืจื• ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื”ื.
04:43
So you can put your headphones on and record through your phone
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ืื– ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืงืœื™ื˜ ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ
04:47
and then just pretend you're having a creative conversation, right?
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ื•ืื– ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืคื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืฉื™ื—ื” ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ืช, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
04:50
Because the act of writing your idea down is already a filter.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืกื ืŸ.
04:54
You're going to be like, "Is this good enough to write down?"
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ืืชื ืชืืžืจื•, "ื”ืื ื–ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘?"
ื•ืื– ืืชื ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื•.
04:56
And then you write it down.
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ืื– ืจืง ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื, ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื• ืื•ืชื ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ืื—ืจ ื›ืš.
04:58
So just speak as many as you can, record them and think about them later.
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05:01
And finally: don't do this forever. Right?
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืืœ ืชืขืฉื• ืืช ื–ื” ืœืชืžื™ื“, ื›ืŸ?
05:04
If you're on the walk and that idea's not coming to you,
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ืื ืืชื ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ืžื’ื™ืข,
05:07
come back to it later at another time.
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ื—ื–ืจื• ืœื–ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืื—ืจ.
05:10
I think we're coming up on a break right now,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืงืจื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืคืกืงื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
05:12
so I have an idea:
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ืื– ืงื—ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ:
05:14
Why don't you grab a leash
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ืœืžื” ืœื ืœืชืคื•ืฉ ืจืฆื•ืขื”
05:16
and take your thoughts for a walk?
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ื•ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ?
05:19
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
05:20
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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