Brian Goldman: Doctors make mistakes. Can we talk about that?

389,549 views ใƒป 2012-01-25

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Yubal Masalker ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:15
I think we have to do something
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื•
00:17
about a piece of the culture of medicine that has to change.
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื•ืชื• ื—ืœืง ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช.
00:20
And I think it starts with one physician, and that's me.
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ื•ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืจื•ืคื ืื—ื“, ื•ื–ื” ืื ื™.
00:23
And maybe I've been around long enough
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ืื•ืœื™ ืื ื™ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื•ื›ืœ
00:25
that I can afford to give away some of my false prestige
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ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื™ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืงืฆืช ืžื”ื™ื•ืงืจื” ื”ืžื–ื•ื™ื™ืคืช ืฉืœื™
00:27
to be able to do that.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
00:29
Before I actually begin the meat of my talk,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืื’ืฉ ืœืœื‘ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ,
00:31
let's begin with a bit of baseball.
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืงืฆืช ื‘ื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืœ.
00:33
Hey, why not?
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ื‘ืขืฆื, ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื?
00:35
We're near the end, we're getting close to the World Series.
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ืื ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืกื•ืฃ, ืื ื• ืžืชืงืจื‘ื™ื ืœืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ื’ืžืจ.
00:38
We all love baseball, don't we?
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืœ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
00:41
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:43
Baseball is filled with some amazing statistics.
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ื”ื‘ื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืœ ืžืœื ื‘ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช.
00:46
And there's hundreds of them.
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ื™ืฉ ืžืื•ืช ื›ืืœื•.
00:49
"Moneyball" is about to come out, and it's all about statistics
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ื”ืกืจื˜ "ืžืื ื™ื‘ื•ืœ" ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืฆืืช ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืœื• ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”
00:52
and using statistics to build a great baseball team.
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ื•ืžื ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ืžืขื•ืœื”.
00:54
I'm going to focus on one stat
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ืื ื™ ืืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืื—ืช
00:57
that I hope a lot of you have heard of.
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ืฉืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืจื•ื‘ื›ื ืฉืžืขืชื ืขืœื™ื”.
00:59
It's called batting average.
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ื”ื™ื ื ืงืจืืช "ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื—ื‘ื˜ื•ืช".
01:01
So we talk about a 300, a batter who bats 300.
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ืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ 300, ื—ื•ื‘ื˜ ืขื ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื—ื‘ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ 300.
01:04
That means that ballplayer batted safely, hit safely
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื•ืชื• ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื—ื‘ื˜ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘
01:08
three times out of 10 at bats.
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ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ืžืชื•ืš 10 ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช.
01:11
That means hit the ball into the outfield,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื—ื‘ื˜ื•ืช ืืœื• ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืืช ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืœืฉื“ื” ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื‘ืžื’ืจืฉ,
01:13
it dropped, it didn't get caught,
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ื”ื•ื ื ืคืœ, ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืชืคื•ืก ืื•ืชื•,
01:15
and whoever tried to throw it to first base didn't get there in time
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ื•ืžื™ ืฉื ื™ืกื” ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื›ื• ืืœ ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
01:18
and the runner was safe.
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ืœื ื”ืกืคื™ืง ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื”ืจืฅ ืœื ื ืคืกืœ.
01:20
Three times out of 10.
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ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ืžืชื•ืš 10.
01:23
Do you know what they call a 300 hitter
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืžื›ื ื™ื ื—ื•ื‘ื˜ 300
01:26
in Major League Baseball?
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ื‘ืœื™ื’ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”?
01:28
Good, really good,
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘,
01:31
maybe an all-star.
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ืื•ืœื™ "ืื•ืœ-ืกื˜ืืจ".
01:34
Do you know what they call
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืžื›ื ื™ื
01:36
a 400 baseball hitter?
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ื—ื•ื‘ื˜ 400?
01:38
That's somebody who hit, by the way,
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ื“ืจืš-ืื’ื‘, ื–ื” ืžื™ ืฉื—ื•ื‘ื˜
01:40
four times safely out of every 10.
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ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืจื‘ืข ืžืชื•ืš 10.
01:42
Legendary --
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"ืื’ื“ื™" --
01:45
as in Ted Williams legendary --
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ื›ืžื• ื‘"ื˜ื“ ื•ื™ืœื™ืืžืก ื”ืื’ื“ื™"--
01:47
the last Major League Baseball player
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ืฉื—ืงืŸ ืœื™ื’ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช
01:49
to hit over 400 during a regular season.
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ืฉื—ื‘ื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-400 ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืขื•ื ื” ืจื’ื™ืœื”.
01:52
Now let's take this back into my world of medicine
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ื›ืขืช ื”ื‘ื” ื ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ืฉืœื™
01:54
where I'm a lot more comfortable,
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ื‘ื• ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื•ื—,
01:56
or perhaps a bit less comfortable
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ื•ืฉืžื ืงืฆืช ืคื—ื•ืช ื ื•ื—
01:58
after what I'm going to talk to you about.
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ืœืื—ืจ ืžื” ืฉืืกืคืจ ืœื›ื.
02:01
Suppose you have appendicitis
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ื ื ื™ื— ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื“ืœืงืช ืชื•ืกืคืชืŸ
02:03
and you're referred to a surgeon
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืคื ื” ืœืžื ืชื—
02:05
who's batting 400 on appendectomies.
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ืฉ"ื—ื•ื‘ื˜" ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” 400 ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ ืชื•ืกืคืชืŸ.
02:07
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:10
Somehow this isn't working out, is it?
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ืžืฉื•ื-ืžื” ื–ื” ืœื ื ืจืื” ืœื›ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
02:13
Now suppose you live
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ื ื™ื— ืฉืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื
02:15
in a certain part of a certain remote place
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ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื ื™ื“ื— ื›ืœืฉื”ื•
02:18
and you have a loved one
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ื•ืื“ื ื™ืงืจ ืœื ื• ืกื•ื‘ืœ
02:20
who has blockages in two coronary arteries
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ืžื—ืกื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ืจืงื™ื ื›ืœื™ืœื™ื™ื
02:23
and your family doctor refers that loved one to a cardiologist
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ื•ืจื•ืคื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžืคื ื” ืื“ื ื™ืงืจ ื–ื” ืœืงืจื“ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช
02:26
who's batting 200 on angioplasties.
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ืฉ"ื—ื•ื‘ื˜ืช" ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” 200 ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ ื›ืœื™-ื“ื.
02:30
But, but, you know what?
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”?
02:32
She's doing a lot better this year. She's on the comeback trail.
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ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ืช. ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœ"ืงืืžื‘ืง".
02:34
And she's hitting a 257.
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื "ื—ื•ื‘ื˜ืช" ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” 257.
02:37
Somehow this isn't working.
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ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ื–ื” ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“.
02:39
But I'm going to ask you a question.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืขืช ืืฉืืœ ืืชื›ื ืฉืืœื”.
02:41
What do you think a batting average
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ืžื” ืœื“ืขืชื›ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
02:43
for a cardiac surgeon or a nurse practitioner
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ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ื—ื‘ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื ืชื—-ืœื‘,
02:45
or an orthopedic surgeon,
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ืื• ืฉืœ ืื—ื•ืช ืžืชืžื—ื”,
02:47
an OBGYN, a paramedic
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ืื• ืฉืœ ืžื ืชื— ืื•ืจืชื•ืคื“ื™,
02:49
is supposed to be?
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ืื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ื™ืœื“, ืื• ืฉืœ ืคืจืžื“ื™ืง?
02:52
1,000, very good.
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1,000. ื™ืคื” ืžืื“.
02:55
Now truth of the matter is,
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ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื,
02:57
nobody knows in all of medicine
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ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืคื•ืื”
02:59
what a good surgeon
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ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ืžื” ืžื ืชื— ื˜ื•ื‘
03:01
or physician or paramedic
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ืื• ืจื•ืคื ืื• ืคืจืžื“ื™ืง
03:03
is supposed to bat.
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ืืžื•ืจื™ื "ืœื—ื‘ื•ื˜" ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื”.
03:05
What we do though is we send each one of them, including myself,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ื” ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื,
03:07
out into the world
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื•ืชื™, ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ
03:09
with the admonition, be perfect.
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ื•ืžื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืœื•: ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืฉืœื.
03:11
Never ever, ever make a mistake,
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ืœืขื•ืœื, ืœืขื•ืœื, ืืœ ืชืฉื’ื”,
03:13
but you worry about the details, about how that's going to happen.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืš ืชืขืฉื” ื–ืืช - ื–ื• ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœืš.
03:16
And that was the message that I absorbed
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ื–ื” ื”ืžืกืจ ืฉืื ื™ ืกืคื’ืชื™
03:18
when I was in med school.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ ืœืจืคื•ืื”.
03:20
I was an obsessive compulsive student.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™.
03:23
In high school, a classmate once said
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ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื—ื‘ืจ ืœื›ื™ืชื” ืืžืจ ืคืขื
03:26
that Brian Goldman would study for a blood test.
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ืฉื‘ืจืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืœื“ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืงืจืืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช-ื“ื.
03:28
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:31
And so I did.
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ื•ื›ื–ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื™.
03:33
And I studied in my little garret
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ื™ืช ื”ื’ื’ ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืœื™
03:35
at the nurses' residence at Toronto General Hospital,
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ื‘ืžื’ื•ืจื™ ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ืจื ื˜ื•,
03:37
not far from here.
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ืœื ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืคื”.
03:39
And I memorized everything.
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ื•ืฉื™ื ื ืชื™ ื”ื›ืœ.
03:41
I memorized in my anatomy class
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ืฉื™ื ื ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืื ื˜ื•ืžื™ื”
03:43
the origins and exertions of every muscle,
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ืืช ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื ื•ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื,
03:45
every branch of every artery that came off the aorta,
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ื›ืœ ื”ืกืชืขืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืขื•ืจืง ืฉืžืชืคืฆืœ ืžืื‘-ื”ืขื•ืจืงื™ื,
03:48
differential diagnoses obscure and common.
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ืืช ื”ืื™ื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืคืจื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ื”ืžืขื•ืจืคืœ ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื™.
03:51
I even knew the differential diagnosis
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ืื™ื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืคืจื ืฆื™ืืœื™
03:53
in how to classify renal tubular acidosis.
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ื‘ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืžืฆืช ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื›ืœื™ื™ืชื™ืช.
03:55
And all the while,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ,
03:57
I was amassing more and more knowledge.
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ืฆื‘ืจืชื™ ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ื“ืข.
03:59
And I did well, I graduated with honors,
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ื•ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ืชื™. ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ื‘ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืช,
04:01
cum laude.
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ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื‘ื—.
04:03
And I came out of medical school
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ื™ืฆืืชื™ ืžื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ ืœืจืคื•ืื”
04:06
with the impression
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ืขื ื”ืจื•ืฉื
04:08
that if I memorized everything and knew everything,
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื ืชื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื•ืื ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœ,
04:10
or as much as possible,
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ืื• ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ืขืช,
04:12
as close to everything as possible,
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ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ,
04:14
that it would immunize me against making mistakes.
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ื–ื” ื™ื—ืกืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ื ื’ื“ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช.
04:17
And it worked
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ื•ื–ื” ืขื‘ื“,
04:19
for a while,
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ืœื–ืžืŸ-ืžื”,
04:22
until I met Mrs. Drucker.
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ืขื“ ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืืช ื’ื‘ืจืช ื“ืจื•ืงืจ.
04:25
I was a resident at a teaching hospital here in Toronto
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ืจื•ื ื˜ื•
04:27
when Mrs. Drucker was brought to the emergency department
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื’ื‘ืจืช ื“ืจื•ืงืจ ื”ื•ื‘ืื” ืœืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืŸ
04:30
of the hospital where I was working.
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ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื• ืขื‘ื“ืชื™.
04:32
At the time I was assigned to the cardiology service
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื• ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืงืจื“ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
04:34
on a cardiology rotation.
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ื‘ืชื•ืจื ื•ืช ืงืจื“ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
04:36
And it was my job,
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ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื”, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืงืจื“ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
04:38
when the emergency staff called for a cardiology consult,
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ื ืงืจื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช ืงืจื“ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
04:40
to see that patient in emerg.
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ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ืŸ.
04:43
and to report back to my attending.
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ื•ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืจื•ืคื ื”ืžืžื•ื ื”.
04:45
And I saw Mrs. Drucker, and she was breathless.
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ื‘ื“ืงืชื™ ืืช ื’ื‘ืจืช ื“ืจื•ืงืจ, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืงืฉืชื” ืœื ืฉื•ื.
04:48
And when I listened to her, she was making a wheezy sound.
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ื›ืฉื”ืื–ื ืชื™ ืœื”, ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื” ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื‘ื“ื”.
04:51
And when I listened to her chest with a stethoscope,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื–ื ืชื™ ืœื—ื–ื” ืฉืœื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžืกื›ืช,
04:53
I could hear crackly sounds on both sides
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ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืฆืœื™ืœื™ ื”ืชืคืฆื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื
04:55
that told me that she was in congestive heart failure.
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ื”ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืื™-ืกืคื™ืงืช ืœื‘.
04:58
This is a condition in which the heart fails,
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ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื• ื”ืœื‘ ื›ื•ืฉืœ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื
05:01
and instead of being able to pump all the blood forward,
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ืฉื”ืœื‘ ื™ื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื“ื ืงื“ื™ืžื”,
05:03
some of the blood backs up into the lung, the lungs fill up with blood,
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื“ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืื—ื•ืจื” ืœืจื™ืื•ืช, ื”ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžืชืžืœืื•ืช ื“ื,
05:06
and that's why you have shortness of breath.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื•ืฆืจ ืงื•ืฆืจ-ื ืฉื™ืžื”.
05:08
And that wasn't a difficult diagnosis to make.
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ื•ื–ื• ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืื‘ื—ื ื” ืงืฉื” ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข.
05:11
I made it and I set to work treating her.
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ื‘ื™ืฆืขืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ื•ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื ืชื™ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื”.
05:14
I gave her aspirin. I gave her medications to relieve the strain on her heart.
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ื ืชืชื™ ืœื” ืืกืคื™ืจื™ืŸ. ื ืชืชื™ ืœื” ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœื”ืงืœืช ื”ืขื•ืžืก ืขืœ ืœื™ื‘ื”.
05:17
I gave her medications that we call diuretics, water pills,
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ื ืชืชื™ ืœื” ืชืจื•ืคื” ืžืฉืชื ืช, ื’ืœื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉืชื ื”,
05:20
to get her to pee out the access fluid.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืชื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื•.
05:23
And over the course of the next hour and a half or two,
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ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉืขื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืื• ื”ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช,
05:25
she started to feel better.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื” ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘.
05:27
And I felt really good.
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ื’ื ืื ื™ ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘.
05:30
And that's when I made my first mistake;
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ื•ืื– ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ืฉื’ื™ืืชื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”;
05:33
I sent her home.
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ืฉืœื—ืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”.
05:35
Actually, I made two more mistakes.
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ื‘ืขืฆื, ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืขื•ื“ ืฉืชื™ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช.
05:38
I sent her home
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ืฉืœื—ืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”
05:40
without speaking to my attending.
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืฉื•ื—ื— ืขื ื”ืžืžื•ื ื”.
05:42
I didn't pick up the phone and do what I was supposed to do,
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ืœื ื”ืจืžืชื™ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
05:45
which was call my attending and run the story by him
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœืžืžื•ื ื” ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžืงืจื”
05:47
so he would have a chance to see her for himself.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•.
05:50
And he knew her,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื”,
05:52
he would have been able to furnish additional information about her.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืกืคืง ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœื™ื”.
05:55
Maybe I did it for a good reason.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื–ืืช ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
05:57
Maybe I didn't want to be a high-maintenance resident.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืžื—ื” ื ื•ื“ื ื™ืง.
06:00
Maybe I wanted to be so successful
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ืื•ืœื™ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—
06:02
and so able to take responsibility
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ื•ื›ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช
06:04
that I would do so
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ืขื“ ืฉืื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœ
06:06
and I would be able to take care of my attending's patients
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ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœื™
06:08
without even having to contact him.
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉืืฆื˜ืจืš ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืืœื™ื•.
06:10
The second mistake that I made was worse.
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ื”ืฉื’ื™ืื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:14
In sending her home,
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ื›ืฉืฉืœื—ืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”,
06:16
I disregarded a little voice deep down inside
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ื”ืชืขืœืžืชื™ ืžื‘ืช-ืงื•ืœ ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื™
06:18
that was trying to tell me,
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ืฉื ื™ืกืชื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื™,
06:20
"Goldman, not a good idea. Don't do this."
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"ื’ื•ืœื“ืžืŸ, ื–ื” ืœื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘. ืืœ ืชืขืฉื” ื–ืืช."
06:23
In fact, so lacking in confidence was I
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ื” ื—ืกืจ-ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืฉืฉืืœืชื™
06:26
that I actually asked the nurse
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ืืช ื”ืื—ื•ืช
06:28
who was looking after Mrs. Drucker,
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ืฉื”ืฉื’ื™ื—ื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ืจืช ื“ืจื•ืงืจ,
06:30
"Do you think it's okay if she goes home?"
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"ื”ืื ืœื“ืขืชืš ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืœืš ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”?"
06:33
And the nurse thought about it
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ื”ืื—ื•ืช ื—ืฉื‘ื” ืงืฆืช ื•ืืžืจื” ื›ื‘ื“ืจืš-ืื’ื‘
06:35
and said very matter-of-factly, "Yeah, I think she'll do okay."
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"ื›ืŸ, ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ."
06:37
I can remember that like it was yesterday.
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ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ื–ืืช ื›ืื™ืœื• ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืืชืžื•ืœ.
06:40
So I signed the discharge papers,
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ืื– ื—ืชืžืชื™ ืขืœ ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื—ืจื•ืจ,
06:42
and an ambulance came, paramedics came to take her home.
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ื”ื’ื™ืข ืืžื‘ื•ืœื ืก, ื‘ืื• ืคืจืžื“ื™ืงื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื—ืชื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”.
06:45
And I went back to my work on the wards.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื”.
06:48
All the rest of that day,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ืฉืืจื™ืช ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื,
06:50
that afternoon,
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ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืื—ืจ-ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื,
06:52
I had this kind of gnawing feeling inside my stomach.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื™ืจืกื ื‘ื™.
06:55
But I carried on with my work.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ืชื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™.
06:58
And at the end of the day, I packed up to leave the hospital
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ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื ืชื™ ืœืœื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”
07:00
and walked to the parking lot
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ื•ืฆืขื“ืชื™ ืœื—ื ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื—ืช
07:02
to take my car and drive home
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ืืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืชื™ ื•ืœื ืกื•ืข ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”
07:04
when I did something that I don't usually do.
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ื•ืื– ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš-ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืขื•ืฉื”.
07:08
I walked through the emergency department on my way home.
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ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”.
07:11
And it was there that another nurse,
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ื•ืฉื, ืื—ื•ืช ืื—ืจืช,
07:13
not the nurse who was looking after Mrs. Drucker before, but another nurse,
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ืœื ื–ื• ืฉื”ืฉื’ื™ื—ื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ืจืช ื“ืจื•ืงืจ, ืืœื ืื—ื•ืช ืื—ืจืช,
07:16
said three words to me
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ืืžืจื” ืœื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื
07:19
that are the three words
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ืฉื”ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื
07:21
that most emergency physicians I know dread.
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ืฉืจื•ื‘ ืจื•ืคืื™ ื”ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ื—ืจื“ื™ื ืžืคื ื™ื”ืŸ.
07:24
Others in medicine dread them as well,
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ื’ื ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื—ืจื“ื™ื ืžื”ืŸ,
07:26
but there's something particular about emergency medicine
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืจื•ืคืื™ ื”ืžื™ื•ืŸ
07:28
because we see patients so fleetingly.
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ื›ื™ ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืœื”ืจืฃ-ืขื™ืŸ.
07:32
The three words are:
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ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืŸ:
07:34
Do you remember?
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ื”ืื ืืชื” ื–ื•ื›ืจ?
07:38
"Do you remember that patient you sent home?"
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"ื”ืื ืืชื” ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ืฉืฉืœื—ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”?"
07:41
the other nurse asked matter-of-factly.
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ื”ืื—ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจืช ืฉืืœื” ื›ื‘ื“ืจืš-ืื’ื‘.
07:43
"Well she's back,"
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"ื”ื™ื ื—ื–ืจื”",
07:45
in just that tone of voice.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื ื™ืžืช ืงื•ืœ.
07:47
Well she was back all right.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื—ื–ืจื”, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืื™ืš.
07:49
She was back and near death.
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ื”ื™ื ื—ื–ืจื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžืชื”.
07:52
About an hour after she had arrived home,
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ื›ืฉืขื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ื–ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”,
07:54
after I'd sent her home,
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ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืฉืœื—ืชื™ื”,
07:56
she collapsed and her family called 911
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื” ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืชื” ื”ืชืงืฉืจื” ืœืžื•ืงื“ ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ื
07:59
and the paramedics brought her back to the emergency department
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ื•ื”ืคืจืžื“ื™ืงื™ื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื” ืœืžื™ื•ืŸ
08:01
where she had a blood pressure of 50,
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ื›ืฉืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื ืฉืœื” ืขืœ 50,
08:03
which is in severe shock.
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ืฉื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื ื—ืžื•ืจ.
08:05
And she was barely breathing and she was blue.
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ื”ื™ื ื ืฉืžื” ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ื•ืฆื‘ืขื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ื—ื•ืœ.
08:08
And the emerg. staff pulled out all the stops.
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ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื ืžื’ื“ืจื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ.
08:11
They gave her medications to raise her blood pressure.
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ื ืชื ื• ืœื” ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœื”ืขืœืืช ืœื—ืฅ-ื“ื.
08:14
They put her on a ventilator.
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ื—ื™ื‘ืจื• ืื•ืชื” ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื ืฉืžื”.
08:16
And I was shocked
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ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื”ืžื•ื ื•ืžื–ื•ืขื–ืข
08:19
and shaken to the core.
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ืขื“ ืœืขืžืงื™ ื ืฉืžืชื™.
08:21
And I went through this roller coaster,
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ืื ื™ ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื ื™ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช-ื”ืจื™ื,
08:23
because after they stabilized her,
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ื›ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ื™ืฆื‘ื• ืื•ืชื”,
08:25
she went to the intensive care unit,
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ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื ืžืจืฅ,
08:27
and I hoped against hope that she would recover.
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ื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื• ืชืงื•ื•ืช-ืฉื•ื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืชื’ื‘ืจ.
08:29
And over the next two or three days,
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ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื-ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื”ื‘ืื™ื,
08:31
it was clear that she was never going to wake up.
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ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชืชืขื•ืจืจ.
08:33
She had irreversible brain damage.
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ื ื’ืจื ืœื” ื ื–ืง ืžื•ื—ื™ ื‘ืœืชื™-ื”ืคื™ืš.
08:36
And the family gathered.
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ืžืฉืคื—ืชื” ื”ืชื›ื ืกื”.
08:38
And over the course of the next eight or nine days,
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ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 8-9 ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื,
08:41
they resigned themselves to what was happening.
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ื”ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื• ืืช ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ.
08:43
And at about the nine day mark, they let her go --
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ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืชืฉื™ืขื™, ื”ื ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืœื” ืœืžื•ืช --
08:46
Mrs. Drucker,
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ื’ื‘ืจืช ื“ืจื•ืงืจ,
08:48
a wife, a mother
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ืจืขื™ื”, ืืžื
08:50
and a grandmother.
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ื•ืกื‘ืชื.
08:53
They say you never forget the names
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ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืฉื•ื›ื—ื™ื
08:55
of those who die.
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ืืช ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชื™ื.
08:57
And that was my first time to be acquainted with that.
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื”ื›ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขื ื–ื”.
09:00
Over the next few weeks,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื,
09:02
I beat myself up
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ื™ื™ืกืจืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™
09:05
and I experienced for the first time
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ื•ื—ื•ื•ื™ืชื™ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื”
09:07
the unhealthy shame that exists
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ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ืฉื” ื”ืœื-ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื”ืฉื•ืจืจืช
09:09
in our culture of medicine --
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ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• --
09:11
where I felt alone, isolated,
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ื•ื—ืฉืชื™ ืœื‘ื“, ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“,
09:14
not feeling the healthy kind of shame that you feel,
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ืœื ื—ืฉืชื™ ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ืฉื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืฉืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื,
09:16
because you can't talk about it with your colleagues.
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ื›ืฉืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื.
09:18
You know that healthy kind,
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ืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ืฉื” ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื,
09:20
when you betray a secret that a best friend made you promise never to reveal
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ื›ืฉืžืกื’ื™ืจื™ื ืกื•ื“ ืฉื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืชื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืฉืœื›ื ืœื ืœื’ืœื•ืช
09:23
and then you get busted
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ื•ืื– ืืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจืืฉ
09:25
and then your best friend confronts you
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ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ืฉืœื›ื ืžืชืขืžืช ืื™ืชื›ื
09:27
and you have terrible discussions,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื ื•ืจื,
09:29
but at the end of it all that sick feeling guides you
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื” ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืงืฉื” ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืืชื›ื
09:32
and you say, I'll never make that mistake again.
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ื•ืืชื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื›ื, ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื˜ืขื•ืช ื–ื•.
09:34
And you make amends and you never make that mistake again.
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ืืชื ืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื˜ื ื•ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื˜ืขื•ืช ื›ื–ื•.
09:37
That's the kind of shame that is a teacher.
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ื–ื• ื‘ื•ืฉื” ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ืฉืžืœืžื“ ืœืงื—.
09:40
The unhealthy shame I'm talking about
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ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื•ืฉื” ืœื-ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”
09:42
is the one that makes you so sick inside.
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื•ืฉื” ืฉื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื›ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื—ื™ืœื” ืื™ื•ืžื”.
09:45
It's the one that says,
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ื–ื• ื”ื‘ื•ืฉื” ืฉืื•ืžืจืช,
09:47
not that what you did was bad,
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ืฉืœื ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื” ืจืข,
09:49
but that you are bad.
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ืืœื ืฉืืชื” ื‘ืขืฆืžืš ืจืข.
09:51
And it was what I was feeling.
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉื—ืฉืชื™.
09:54
And it wasn't because of my attending; he was a doll.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ืžืžื•ื ื”; ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
09:57
He talked to the family, and I'm quite sure that he smoothed things over
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ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ืื ื™ ื“ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื
10:00
and made sure that I didn't get sued.
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ื•ื•ื™ื“ื ืฉืœื ื™ืชื‘ืขื• ืื•ืชื™.
10:03
And I kept asking myself these questions.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ 3 ืฉืืœื•ืช.
10:06
Why didn't I ask my attending? Why did I send her home?
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆืชื™ ืขื ื”ืžืžื•ื ื”? ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉืœื—ืชื™ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”?
10:09
And then at my worst moments:
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ื•ื‘ืจื’ืขื™ ื”ืฉืคืœ ืฉืœื™:
10:11
Why did I make such a stupid mistake?
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ืื™ืš ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื˜ืขื•ืช ื›ื” ืžื˜ื•ืคืฉืช?
10:14
Why did I go into medicine?
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ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืจืคื•ืื”?
10:16
Slowly but surely,
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ืœืื˜ ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—,
10:18
it lifted.
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉ.
10:20
I began to feel a bit better.
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘.
10:22
And on a cloudy day,
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ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ืกื’ืจื™ืจ ืื—ื“ ื ื‘ืงืขื• ื”ืขื ื ื™ื
10:24
there was a crack in the clouds and the sun started to come out
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ื•ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื”ื—ืœื” ืœื”ืื™ืจ,
ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™,
10:27
and I wondered,
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10:28
maybe I could feel better again.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘.
10:30
And I made myself a bargain
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ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืขื ืขืฆืžื™ ืขืกืงื”
10:33
that if only I redouble my efforts to be perfect
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ืฉืื ืื›ืคื™ืœ ืืช ืžืืžืฆื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืœื
10:38
and never make another mistake again,
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ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืื‘ืฆืข ืฉื•ื ื˜ืขื•ืช,
10:40
please make the voices stop.
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ืื ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื™ืคืกืงื•.
10:42
And they did.
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื”. ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื ืคืกืงื•.
10:44
And I went back to work.
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ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“.
10:46
And then it happened again.
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ื•ืื– ื–ื” ืงืจื” ืฉื•ื‘.
10:49
Two years later I was an attending in the emergency department
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ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื”ืื—ืจืื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™"ื— ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™
10:52
at a community hospital just north of Toronto,
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ืฆืคื•ื ื™ืช ืœื˜ื•ืจื•ื ื˜ื•,
10:54
and I saw a 25 year-old man with a sore throat.
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ื•ื‘ื“ืงืชื™ ื’ื‘ืจ ื‘ืŸ 25 ืขื ื›ืื‘ ื’ืจื•ืŸ.
10:57
It was busy, I was in a bit of a hurry.
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื—ืฅ ื‘ืžื™ื•ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืงืฆืช ืœื—ื•ืฅ.
10:59
He kept pointing here.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื›ืืŸ.
11:01
I looked at his throat, it was a little bit pink.
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ื‘ื“ืงืชื™ ืืช ื’ืจื•ื ื•, ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื ืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื˜ ื•ืจื“ืจื“.
11:03
And I gave him a prescription for penicillin
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ื ืชืชื™ ืœื• ืžื™ืจืฉื ืœืคื ื™ืฆื™ืœื™ืŸ
11:05
and sent him on his way.
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ื•ืฉืœื—ืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ืœื“ืจื›ื•.
11:07
And even as he was walking out the door,
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืขื•ื“ื• ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ืจืš ื”ื“ืœืช,
11:09
he was still sort of pointing to his throat.
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ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื’ืจื•ื ื•.
11:12
And two days later I came to do my next emergency shift,
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ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ-ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืžืฉืžืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ืŸ,
11:15
and that's when my chief asked to speak to me quietly in her office.
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ื•ืื– ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœื™ ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื”.
11:18
And she said the three words:
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื:
11:22
Do you remember?
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ื”ืื ืืชื” ื–ื•ื›ืจ?
11:25
"Do you remember that patient you saw with the sore throat?"
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"ื”ืื ืืชื” ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืขื ื›ืื‘-ื”ื’ืจื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื“ืงืช?"
11:28
Well it turns out, he didn't have a strep throat.
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ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืกืชื ื’ืจื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืื‘.
11:30
He had a potentially life-threatening condition
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ื”ื™ื” ืืฆืœื• ืžืฆื‘ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืฉืœ ืกื›ื ื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื
11:32
called epiglottitis.
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ื”ื ืงืจื "ื“ืœืงืช ืžื›ืกื”-ืงื ื”".
11:34
You can Google it,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘"ื’ื•ื’ืœ",
11:36
but it's an infection, not of the throat, but of the upper airway,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ื“ืœืงืช, ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืจื•ืŸ, ืืœื ืฉืœ ืงื ื”-ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ,
11:39
and it can actually cause the airway to close.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืกื’ื™ืจืช ืงื ื”-ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื”.
11:42
And fortunately he didn't die.
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืช.
11:45
He was placed on intravenous antibiotics
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ื ืชื ื• ืœื• ืื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืงื” ืชื•ืš-ื•ืจื™ื“ื™ืช
11:48
and he recovered after a few days.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ื.
11:50
And I went through the same period of shame and recriminations
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ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืฉื” ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉืช ืืฉืžื”
11:54
and felt cleansed and went back to work,
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ื•ืื– ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ื˜ื”ืจืชื™, ื•ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“,
11:58
until it happened again and again and again.
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ืขื“ ืฉื–ื” ืงืจื” ืฉื•ื‘, ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื•ืฉื•ื‘.
12:03
Twice in one emergency shift, I missed appendicitis.
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ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืžืจืช ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืื—ืช ืคืกืคืกืชื™ ื“ืœืงืช ืชื•ืกืคืชืŸ.
12:06
Now that takes some doing,
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ื•ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืฅ ืืช ื–ื”,
12:09
especially when you work in a hospital
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ื—ื•ืœื™ื
12:11
that at the time saw but 14 people a night.
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ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื 14 ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื”.
12:14
Now in both cases, I didn't send them home
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ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื, ืœื ืฉืœื—ืชื™ ืื•ืชื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”
12:17
and I don't think there was any gap in their care.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืคื’ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉื”ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื•.
12:19
One I thought had a kidney stone.
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ืืฆืœ ืื—ื“ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ืื‘ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื•ืช.
12:21
I ordered a kidney X-ray. When it turned out to be normal,
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ื”ื–ืžื ืชื™ ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื›ืœื™ื”. ื›ืฉื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉื,
12:23
my colleague who was doing a reassessment of the patient
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ืขืžื™ืชื™, ืฉืขืฉื” ืื™ื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ,
12:26
noticed some tenderness in the right lower quadrant and called the surgeons.
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ืฉื ืœื‘ ืœืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืจื‘ื™ืข ื”ื™ืžื ื™ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื•ืงืจื ืœืžื ืชื—ื™ื.
12:29
The other one had a lot of diarrhea.
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ืœื—ื•ืœื” ื”ืื—ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ืœืฉื•ืœ ื—ืจื™ืฃ
12:31
I ordered some fluids to rehydrate him
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ื”ื•ืจื™ืชื™ ืœืชืช ืœื• ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื•ื•ืช ืื•ืชื•
12:34
and asked my colleague to reassess him.
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ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืžืขืžื™ืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื• ืื™ื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ืจ.
12:37
And he did
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืœื‘
12:39
and when he noticed some tenderness in the right lower quadrant, called the surgeons.
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ืœืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืจื‘ื™ืข ื”ื™ืžื ื™ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืงืจื ืœืžื ืชื—ื™ื.
12:41
In both cases,
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ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื,
12:43
they had their operations and they did okay.
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ื”ื ืขื‘ืจื• ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื•ืžืฆื‘ื ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘.
12:46
But each time,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื,
12:48
they were gnawing at me, eating at me.
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ื–ื” ื›ื™ืจืกื ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืชื•ื›ื™.
12:50
And I'd like to be able to say to you
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ื•ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ื
12:52
that my worst mistakes only happened in the first five years of practice
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ืฉืฉื’ื™ืื•ืชื™ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจื• ื‘-5 ืฉื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช
12:55
as many of my colleagues say, which is total B.S.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืขืžื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื•ืœืฉื™ื˜ ื’ืžื•ืจ.
12:58
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
13:00
Some of my doozies have been in the last five years.
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ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื™ ืงืจื• ื‘-5 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
13:06
Alone, ashamed and unsupported.
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ื‘ื•ื“ื“, ื ื›ืœื ื•ื—ืกืจ-ืชืžื™ื›ื”.
13:08
Here's the problem:
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ืื– ื–ื• ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”:
13:10
If I can't come clean
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ืื ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื“ื•ืช
13:12
and talk about my mistakes,
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ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืชื™,
13:16
if I can't find the still-small voice
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ืื ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื‘ืช-ื”ืงื•ืœ ื”ืงื˜ื ื”
13:18
that tells me what really happened,
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ื”ืžืกืคืจืช ืœื™ ืžื” ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ืงื•ืจื”,
13:20
how can I share it with my colleagues?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืชืฃ ืืช ืขืžื™ืชื™?
13:22
How can I teach them about what I did
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืœืžื“ื ืืช ื”ืœืงื— ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™
13:25
so that they don't do the same thing?
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื—ื–ืจื• ืขืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช?
13:29
If I were to walk into a room --
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ืื ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื—ื“ืจ --
13:31
like right now, I have no idea what you think of me.
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ืœืžืฉืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•: ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžื” ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™.
13:34
When was the last time you heard somebody talk
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ืžืชื™ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืžืขืชื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจ
13:36
about failure after failure after failure?
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ืขืœ ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ?
13:38
Oh yeah, you go to a cocktail party
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืืชื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืงื•ืงื˜ื™ื™ืœ
13:40
and you might hear about some other doctor,
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืฉื ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื” ืจื•ืคื ืื—ืจ,
13:42
but you're not going to hear somebody
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืชืฉืžืขื• ืžื™ืฉื”ื•
13:44
talking about their own mistakes.
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ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื•-ืขืฆืžื•.
13:46
If I were to walk into a room filled with my colleages
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืื•ืœื ืžืœื ื‘ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ืฉืœื™
13:49
and ask for their support right now
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ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืืช ืชืžื™ื›ืชื ืžืžืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
13:51
and start to tell what I've just told you right now,
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ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื”ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืœื›ื ื–ื” ืขืชื”,
13:53
I probably wouldn't get through two of those stories
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ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื ื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื
13:56
before they would start to get really uncomfortable,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืฉืœื ื‘ื ื•ื—,
13:58
somebody would crack a joke,
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ื™ื” ืคื•ืฆื— ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื”,
14:00
they'd change the subject and we would move on.
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืื”.
14:05
And in fact, if I knew and my colleagues knew
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื•ืขืžื™ืชื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื
14:08
that one of my orthopedic colleagues took off the wrong leg in my hospital,
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ืฉืื—ื“ ืžืขืžื™ืชื™ ื”ืื•ืจืชื•ืคื“ื™ื ื›ืจืช ืืช ื”ืจื’ืœ ื”ืœื ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ื— ืฉืœื™
14:12
believe me, I'd have trouble
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ืชืืžื™ื ื• ืœื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืชืงืฉื”
14:14
making eye contact with that person.
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื• ืงืฉืจ-ืขื™ืŸ.
14:16
That's the system that we have.
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ื–ื• ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•.
14:18
It's a complete denial of mistakes.
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื”ื›ื—ืฉื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช.
14:21
It's a system
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ื–ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช
14:23
in which there are two kinds of physicians --
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืขืžื“ื•ืช --
14:27
those who make mistakes
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ืืœื” ืฉื˜ื•ืขื™ื
14:29
and those who don't,
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ื•ืืœื” ืฉืื™ื ื ื˜ื•ืขื™ื,
14:31
those who can't handle sleep deprivation and those who can,
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ืืœื” ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื—ื•ืกืจ-ืฉื™ื ื”, ื•ืืœื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื,
14:34
those who have lousy outcomes
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ืืœื” ืฉืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื’ืจื•ืขื•ืช
14:36
and those who have great outcomes.
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ื•ืืœื” ืฉืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื ืคืœืื•ืช.
14:39
And it's almost like an ideological reaction,
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ื•ื–ื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ืŸ ืจื™ืืงืฆื™ื” ืจืขื™ื•ื ื™ืช,
14:41
like the antibodies begin to attack that person.
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ื›ืžื• ื”ื ื•ื’ื“ื ื™ื ื”ืชื•ืงืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืื“ื.
14:45
And we have this idea
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืื•ืžืจืช
14:47
that if we drive the people who make mistakes
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ืฉืื ื ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžืืœื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื
14:49
out of medicine,
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ืืช ื”ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช,
14:51
what will we be left with, but a safe system.
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ืชื™ืฉืืจ ืœื ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”.
14:55
But there are two problems with that.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืขื ื–ื” ืฉืชื™ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช.
14:58
In my 20 years or so
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ื‘-20 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœื™
15:00
of medical broadcasting and journalism,
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ื‘ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ืช,
15:03
I've made a personal study of medical malpractice and medical errors
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ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ืขืฆืžืื™ ืขืœ ืจืฉืœื ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ื•ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช
15:06
to learn everything I can,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ,
15:08
from one of the first articles I wrote for the Toronto Star
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ืžืืžืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ื‘"ื˜ื•ืจื•ื ื˜ื• ืกื˜ืืจ"
ืขื“ ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชื™ "ื—ืœื•ืง ืœื‘ืŸ, ืืžื ื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ืจื”."
15:11
to my show "White Coat, Black Art."
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15:13
And what I've learned
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ืžื” ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™
15:15
is that errors are absolutely ubiquitous.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™.
15:18
We work in a system
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ืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช
15:20
where errors happen every day,
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ื‘ื” ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื,
15:22
where one in 10 medications
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ื‘ื” ืื—ืช ืžื›ืœ 10 ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช
15:24
are either the wrong medication given in hospital
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ืฉื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื ืœื ื ื›ื•ื ื”
15:26
or at the wrong dosage,
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ืื• ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ื•ื™,
15:28
where hospital-acquired infections are getting more and more numerous,
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ื‘ื” ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™-ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื,
15:31
causing havoc and death.
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ื•ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœืื ื“ืจืœืžื•ืกื™ื” ื•ืœืžื•ื•ืช.
15:34
In this country,
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ื•,
15:36
as many as 24,000 Canadians die
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ืœืคื—ื•ืช 24,000 ืงื ื“ื™ื ืžืชื™ื
15:38
of preventable medical errors.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื ื•ืข.
15:40
In the United States, the Institute of Medicine pegged it at 100,000.
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ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื”ืขืœื” ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจ ืœ-100,000.
15:44
In both cases, these are gross underestimates,
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ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื, ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช-ื—ืกืจ ื’ืกื•ืช,
15:47
because we really aren't ferreting out the problem
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฆื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”
15:49
as we should.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
15:51
And here's the thing.
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ื•ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”:
15:54
In a hospital system
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ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืชื™-ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ืจืคื•ืื™
15:57
where medical knowledge is doubling
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ืžื›ืคื™ืœื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื”
15:59
every two or three years, we can't keep up with it.
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ื›ืœ 2-3 ืฉื ื™ื, ืื ื• ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื”.
16:02
Sleep deprivation is absolutely pervasive.
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ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืคื•ืฉื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช.
16:05
We can't get rid of it.
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ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžืžื ื•.
16:07
We have our cognitive biases,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืชืคื™ืกืชื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื ื•:
16:09
so that I can take a perfect history on a patient with chest pain.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืขื ื›ืื‘ ื‘ื—ื–ื”.
16:12
Now take the same patient with chest pain,
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ื•ื ื ื™ื— ืฉืื•ืชื• ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืขื ื›ืื‘ ื‘ื—ื–ื”,
16:14
make them moist and garrulous
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ื”ื•ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉืชื•ื™ ื•ืคื˜ืคื˜ืŸ
16:16
and put a little bit of alcohol on their breath,
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ื•ื ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืงืฆืช ืจื™ื— ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ืœื ืฉื™ืžืชื•,
16:18
and suddenly my history is laced with contempt.
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ื•ืœืคืชืข ืื ื™ ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื•ื– ืงืœื”.
16:20
I don't take the same history.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืงื•ืจื ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
16:22
I'm not a robot;
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ืื™ื ื ื™ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜;
16:24
I don't do things the same way each time.
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ืื™ื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื“ืจืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื.
16:26
And my patients aren't cars;
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ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืื™ื ื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช;
16:28
they don't tell me their symptoms in the same way each time.
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ื”ื ืœื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืขืœ ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื“ืจืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื.
16:31
Given all of that, mistakes are inevitable.
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ื‘ื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื”ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืขื•ืช.
16:34
So if you take the system, as I was taught,
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ืœื›ืŸ ืื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœื™ืžื“ื• ืื•ืชื™,
16:37
and weed out all the error-prone health professionals,
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ื•ืžืกืœืงื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื-ืœื˜ืขื•ืช,
16:41
well there won't be anybody left.
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ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ืœื ื• ืืฃ ืื—ื“.
16:46
And you know that business
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ื•ืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื–ื”
16:48
about people not wanting
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื
16:50
to talk about their worst cases?
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ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืงืฉื™ื ืฉืœื”ื?
16:53
On my show, on "White Coat, Black Art,"
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ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชื™, "ื—ืœื•ืง ืœื‘ืŸ, ืืžื ื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ืจื”",
16:55
I made it a habit of saying, "Here's my worst mistake,"
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ืงื‘ืขืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™ ื”ืจื’ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“, "ื”ื ื” ื”ืฉื’ื™ืื” ื”ื›ื™ ืงืฉื” ืฉืœื™",
16:57
I would say to everybody
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“,
16:59
from paramedics to the chief of cardiac surgery,
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ืžืคืจืžื“ื™ืงื™ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืจืืฉ ืžื—ืœืงืช ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ ื”ืœื‘,
17:02
"Here's my worst mistake," blah, blah, blah, blah, blah,
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"ื”ื ื” ื”ืฉื’ื™ืื” ื”ื›ื™ ืงืฉื” ืฉืœื™, "ื‘ืœื”, ื‘ืœื”, ื‘ืœื”, ื‘ืœื”,
17:04
"What about yours?" and I would point the microphone towards them.
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ืžื” ืฉืœืš?", ื•ืžืคื ื” ืืœื™ื”ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ืคื•ืŸ.
17:07
And their pupils would dilate,
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ื•ื”ืื™ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืชืจื—ื‘ื™ื,
17:09
they would recoil,
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื ืจืชืขื™ื,
17:11
then they would look down and swallow hard
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ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉืคื™ืœื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ ื•ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™
17:14
and start to tell me their stories.
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ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืกืคืจ ืœื™ ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื”ื.
17:17
They want to tell their stories. They want to share their stories.
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ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืกืคืจ ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื”ื. ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื”ื.
17:20
They want to be able to say,
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ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ,
17:22
"Look, don't make the same mistake I did."
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"ืืœ ืชื—ื–ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉื’ื™ืื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™."
17:24
What they need is an environment to be able to do that.
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื–ื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
17:26
What they need is a redefined medical culture.
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื–ื• ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ.
17:30
And it starts with one physician at a time.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืจื•ืคื ืื—ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื.
17:33
The redefined physician is human,
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ื”ืจื•ืคื ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืื“ื,
17:36
knows she's human,
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ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช,
17:38
accepts it, isn't proud of making mistakes,
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ื”ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื–ืืช, ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื’ืื” ื‘ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืชื™ื”,
17:40
but strives to learn one thing
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉืชื“ืœืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืฉื”ื•
17:42
from what happened
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ืžืžื” ืฉืงืจื”
17:44
that she can teach to somebody else.
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ื•ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืœืžื“ ืื—ืจื™ื.
17:46
She shares her experience with others.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืชืคืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื”.
17:48
She's supportive when other people talk about their mistakes.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืคื’ื™ื ื” ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื›ืฉืื—ืจื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืชื™ื”ื.
17:51
And she points out other people's mistakes,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื,
17:53
not in a gotcha way,
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ืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ "ืœืชืคื•ืก ืขืœ ื—ื",
17:55
but in a loving, supportive way
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ืืœื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ื•ืชื•ืžื›ืช
17:58
so that everybody can benefit.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ื™ืฆืื• ื ืฉื›ืจื™ื.
18:00
And she works in a culture of medicine
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ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ืช
18:02
that acknowledges
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ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื
18:04
that human beings run the system,
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ื”ื ืืœื” ืฉืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช,
18:06
and when human beings run the system, they will make mistakes from time to time.
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ื•ื›ืฉื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื”, ื”ื ื™ืฉื’ื• ืžืคืขื ืœืคืขื.
ื•ื›ืš ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ืช
18:10
So the system is evolving
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18:13
to create backups
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ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืžืขืจื›ืช-ืชืžื™ื›ื”
18:17
that make it easier to detect those mistakes
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ื”ืžืงืœื” ืขืœ ืื™ืชื•ืจ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ืืœื”
18:20
that humans inevitably make
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™-ื ืžื ืข
18:23
and also fosters in a loving, supportive way
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ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื’ื ืžื˜ืคื—ืช
18:26
places where everybody who is observing
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ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ
18:29
in the health care system
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ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช,
18:31
can actually point out things that could be potential mistakes
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช
18:34
and is rewarded for doing so,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืชื•ื’ืžืœ ืขืœ ืขืฉื•ืชื• ื›ืŸ,
18:36
and especially people like me, when we do make mistakes,
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื•ื ื™, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ื˜ื•ืขื™ื,
18:38
we're rewarded for coming clean.
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ืื ื• ืžืชื•ื’ืžืœื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืื ื• ืžืชื•ื•ื“ื™ื.
18:42
My name is Brian Goldman.
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ืฉืžื™ ื‘ืจื™ืืŸ ื’ื•ืœื“ืžืŸ.
18:45
I am a redefined physician.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืคื ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ.
18:48
I'm human. I make mistakes.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืŸ-ืื ื•ืฉ. ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช.
18:50
I'm sorry about that,
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื ืฆืœ ืขืœ ื›ืš,
18:52
but I strive to learn one thing
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืืฃ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“
18:54
that I can pass on to other people.
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ืฉืื•ืชื• ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืœืื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
18:57
I still don't know what you think of me,
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื™,
19:00
but I can live with that.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื™ ืขื ื–ื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ื.
19:02
And let me close with three words of my own:
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ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื›ื ืืกื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืžืฉืœื™:
19:05
I do remember.
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ืื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ืจ.
19:09
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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