Peter Haas: Haiti's disaster of engineering

24,205 views ใƒป 2010-10-14

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:16
I learned about the Haiti earthquake by Skype.
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ืจืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ื‘ื”ืื™ื˜ื™ ืžืกืงื™ื™ืค.
00:19
My wife sent me a message,
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ืื™ืฉืชื™ ืฉืœื—ื” ืœื™ ื”ื•ื“ืขื”,
00:22
"Whoa, earthquake,"
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"ื•ื•ืื•, ืจืขื™ื“ืช ืื“ืžื”,"
00:24
and then disappeared for 25 minutes.
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ื•ืื– ื ืขืœืžื” ืœ25 ื“ืงื•ืช.
00:28
It was 25 minutes of absolute terror
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ืืœื• ื”ื™ื• 25 ื“ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜
00:31
that thousands of people across the U.S. felt.
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ืฉืืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื•.
00:36
I was afraid of a tsunami;
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ืคื—ื“ืชื™ ืžืฆื•ื ืืžื™.
00:39
what I didn't realize
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ืžื” ืฉืœื ื”ื‘ื ืชื™
00:41
was there was a greater terror in Haiti,
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ื–ื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ืื™ื˜ื™,
00:44
and that was building collapse.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
00:47
We've all seen the photos
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช
00:49
of the collapsed buildings in Haiti.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืงืจืกื• ื‘ื”ืื™ื˜ื™.
00:52
These are shots my wife took
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ืืœื” ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืื™ืฉืชื™ ืฆื™ืœืžื”
00:54
a couple days after the quake,
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ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืจืขื™ื“ื”,
00:56
while I was making my way through the D.R. into the country.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ื“ืจืš ื”ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื” ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื™ืงื ื™ืช ืœืืจืฅ.
01:00
This is the national palace --
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ื–ื” ื”ืืจืžื•ืŸ ื”ื ืฉื™ืื•ืชื™,
01:02
the equivalent of the White House.
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ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื‘ืŸ.
01:05
This is the largest supermarket in the Caribbean
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ื–ื” ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ืžืจืงื˜ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื™ื™ื ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื™ื
01:08
at peak shopping time.
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ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืขื•ืžืก.
01:13
This is a nurses' college --
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ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืื—ื™ื•ืช.
01:15
there are 300 nurses studying.
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ืœื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืฉื 300 ืื—ื™ื•ืช.
01:19
The general hospital right next door
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ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฆืžื•ื“ ืืœื™ื•
01:21
emerged largely unscathed.
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ื™ืฆื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœืœื ืฉืจื™ื˜ื”.
01:24
This is the Ministry of Economics and Finance.
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ื–ื” ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ.
01:30
We have all heard
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฉืžืขื ื•
01:32
about the tremendous human loss
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ืขืœ ื”ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ ืื“ื
01:35
in the earthquake in Haiti,
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ื‘ืจืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ื‘ื”ืื™ื˜ื™,
01:37
but we haven't heard enough
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืฉืžืขื ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง
01:40
about why all those lives were lost.
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ืœืžื” ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืื‘ื“ื•.
01:43
We haven't heard about
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ืœื ืฉืžืขื ื• ืœืžื”
01:45
why the buildings failed.
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ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื›ืฉืœื•.
01:48
After all, it was the buildings,
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื,
01:50
not the earthquake,
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ืœื ืจืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืื“ืžื”,
01:52
that killed 220,000 people,
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ืฉื”ืจื’ื• 220,000 ืื ืฉื™ื,
01:55
that injured 330,000,
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ืฉืคืฆืขื• 330,000,
01:58
that displaced 1.3 million people,
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ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• 1.3 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ืชื™ื”ื,
02:04
that cut off food
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ืฉืงื˜ืขื• ืืช ืืกืคืงืช
02:06
and water and supplies
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ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืื•ื›ืœ
02:08
for an entire nation.
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ืœืื•ืžื” ืฉืœืžื”.
02:11
This is the largest metropolitan-area disaster
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ื–ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืืกื•ืŸ ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:16
in decades,
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ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื.
02:19
and it was not a natural disaster --
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืืกื•ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืข.
02:22
it was a disaster of engineering.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืืกื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื“ืกื”.
02:25
AIDG has worked in Haiti
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AIDG ืขื‘ื“ื” ื‘ื”ืื™ื˜ื™
02:27
since 2007,
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ืžืื– 2007,
02:29
providing engineering and business support
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ืกื™ืคืงื• ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื”ื ื“ืกื™ืช ื•ืขื™ืกืงื™ืช
02:31
to small businesses.
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ืœืขืกืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื.
02:33
And after the quake, we started bringing in earthquake engineers
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ืื—ืจื™ ืจืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืื“ืžื”, ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ ืจืขื™ื“ื•ืช ืื“ืžื”
02:37
to figure out why the buildings collapsed,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžื” ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืงืจืกื•,
02:39
to examine what was safe and what wasn't.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืžื” ืœื.
02:42
Working with MINUSTAH,
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ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ืขื MINUSTAH,
02:45
which is the U.N. mission in Haiti,
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ืฉื–ื• ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื ื‘ื”ืื™ื˜ื™,
02:47
with the Ministry of Public Works,
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ืขื ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช,
02:49
with different NGOs,
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ืขื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืœื ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื—,
02:51
we inspected over 1,500 buildings.
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ื‘ื“ืงื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž1500 ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
02:55
We inspected schools
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ื‘ื“ืงื ื• ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ
02:57
and private residencies.
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ื•ื‘ืชื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื.
02:59
We inspected medical centers
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ื‘ื“ืงื ื• ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื
03:01
and food warehouses.
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ื•ืžื—ืกื ื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
03:03
We inspected government buildings.
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ื‘ื“ืงื ื• ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžืžืฉืœ.
03:05
This is the Ministry of Justice.
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ื–ื” ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื.
03:07
Behind that door
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ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ื“ืœืช
03:09
is the National Judicial Archives.
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ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืืจื›ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืืจืฆื™ื™ื.
03:12
The fellow in the door, Andre Filitrault --
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ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ืœืช, ืื ื“ืจื” ืคื™ืœื™ื˜ืจืื•ื˜,
03:14
who's the director
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื–
03:16
of the Center for Interdisciplinary Earthquake Engineering Research
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ืœืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืœืจืขื™ื“ื•ืช ืื“ืžื”
03:20
at the University of Buffalo --
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ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืืคืœื•,
03:23
was examining it to see if it was safe
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ื‘ื—ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—
03:25
to recover the archives.
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ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืืจื›ื™ื•ื ื™ื.
03:27
Andre told me,
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ืื ื“ืจื” ืืžืจ ืœื™,
03:29
after seeing these buildings fail
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืจืื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืงื•ืจืกื™ื
03:31
again and again in the same way,
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ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื“ืจืš,
03:34
that there is no new research here.
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ืคื” ืžื—ืงืจ ื—ื“ืฉ.
03:37
There is nothing here that we don't know.
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ืื™ืŸ ืคื” ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื.
03:40
The failure points were the same:
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ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื›ืฉืœ ื”ืŸ ื–ื”ื•ืช --
03:43
walls and slabs not tied properly into columns --
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ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืœื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืขืžื•ื“ื™ื --
03:46
that's a roof slab hanging off the building --
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ื™ืฉ ืงื•ืจืช ื’ื’ ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื” ืžื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ --
03:51
cantilevered structures,
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ืžื‘ื ื™ ืชืžื•ื›ื•ืช,
03:53
or structures that were asymmetric,
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ืื• ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื ืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื™ื,
03:55
that shook violently and came down,
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ืฉืจืขื“ื• ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืงื” ื•ืงืจืกื•,
03:59
poor building materials,
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ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื” ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื,
04:01
not enough concrete,
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ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ,
04:03
not enough compression in the blocks,
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ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื“ื—ื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื,
04:07
rebar that was smooth,
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ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื–ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืง,
04:09
rebar that was exposed to the weather and had rusted away.
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ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื–ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืœืคื’ืขื™ ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื™ืจ ื•ื ื—ืœื“.
04:12
Now there's a solution
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ
04:15
to all these problems.
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ืœื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
04:17
And we know how to build properly.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
04:20
The proof of this came in Chile,
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ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืœื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืžืฆ'ื™ืœื”,
04:23
almost a month later,
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ื‘ืขืจืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื—ืจื™,
04:26
when 8.8 magnitude earthquake
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ื›ืฉืจืขื™ื“ืช ืื“ืžื” ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืฉืœ 8.8 ื‘ืกื•ืœื ืจื™ื›ื˜ืจ
04:30
hit Chile.
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ืคื’ืขื” ื‘ืฆ'ื™ืœื”.
04:32
That is 500 times
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ื–ื” ืคื™ 500
04:34
the power of the 7.0
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ืžื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื“ื” ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” 7.0
04:36
that hit Port-au-Prince --
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ืฉืคื’ืขื” ื‘ืคื•ืจื˜-ืื•-ืคืจื™ื ืก --
04:39
500 times the power,
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ืคื™ 500 ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื”,
04:41
yet only under a thousand casualties.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื—ื•ืช ืž1000 ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื.
04:46
Adjusted for population density,
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ื˜ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”,
04:48
that is less than one percent
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ื–ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืื—ื•ื– ืื—ื“
04:50
of the impact of the Haitian quake.
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ืžื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื“ื” ื‘ื”ืื™ื˜ื™.
04:54
What was the difference
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ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ
04:56
between Chile and Haiti?
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆ'ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืื™ื˜ื™?
04:59
Seismic standards
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ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืกื™ื™ืกืžื™ื™ื
05:01
and confined masonry,
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ื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืชื—ื•ืžื”,
05:04
where the building acts as a whole --
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ื”ื™ื• ืชืงื ื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœื --
05:06
walls and columns
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ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื
05:08
and roofs and slabs
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ื•ืชืงืจื•ืช ื•ืงื•ืจื•ืช
05:10
tied together to support each other --
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ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืžื•ืš ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื ื™,
05:13
instead of breaking off into separate members and failing.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืฉื‘ืจ ืœื—ืœืงื™ื ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ื•ืœืคื•ืœ.
05:18
If you look at this building in Chile,
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ืื ืชื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืฆ'ื™ืœื”,
05:21
it's ripped in half,
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ื”ื•ื ืงืจื•ืข ืœืฉื ื™ื,
05:23
but it's not a pile of rubble.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืชืœ ื—ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช.
05:27
Chileans have been building with confined masonry
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ื”ืฆ'ื™ืœื™ืื ื™ื ื‘ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื” ืžืชื•ื—ืžืช
05:29
for decades.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื.
05:32
Right now, AIDG is working with KPFF Consulting Engineers,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, AIDG ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืขื KPFF ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื,
05:36
Architecture for Humanity,
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ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืœืื ื•ืฉื•ืช,
05:38
to bring more confined masonry training
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื” ืžืชื•ื—ืžืช
05:41
into Haiti.
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ืœื”ืื™ื˜ื™.
05:45
This is Xantus Daniel;
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ื–ื” ืงืกื ื˜ื•ืก ื“ื ื™ืืœ.
05:47
he's a mason,
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืื™,
05:49
just a general construction worker, not a foreman,
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ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ืœื ืžื ื”ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
05:52
who took one of our trainings.
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ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืื—ืช ืžื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
05:54
On his last job he was working with his boss,
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ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ื“ ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ืก ืฉืœื•,
05:57
and they started pouring the columns wrong.
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ื•ื”ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืฆืงืช ืืช ื”ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื’ื•ื™ื™ื”.
06:00
He took his boss aside,
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ื”ื•ื ืœืงื— ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ืก ืฉืœื• ื”ืฆื™ื“ื”,
06:02
and he showed him the materials on confined masonry.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืื” ืœื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื” ืžืชื•ื—ืžืช.
06:05
He showed him, "You know, we don't have to do this wrong.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืื” ืœื•, " ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
06:08
It won't cost us any more
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ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืœื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ
06:10
to do it the right way."
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”."
06:13
And they redid that building.
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ื•ื”ื ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช ืฉื•ื‘.
06:15
They tied the rebar right,
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ื”ื ืงืฉืจื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
06:17
they poured the columns right,
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ื”ื ื™ืฆืงื• ืืช ื”ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
06:19
and that building will be safe.
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ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—.
06:21
And every building
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ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ
06:23
that they build going forward
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ืฉื”ื ื™ื‘ื ื• ืžืขื›ืฉื™ื•
06:25
will be safe.
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—.
06:28
To make sure these buildings are safe,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื,
06:30
it's not going to take policy --
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ืœื ื™ื“ืจืฉื• ืชืงื ื•ืช,
06:33
it's going to take reaching out
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ืชื™ื“ืจืฉ ื’ื™ืฉื”
06:35
to the masons on the ground
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ืœื‘ื ืื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื—
06:38
and helping them learn the proper techniques.
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ื•ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช.
06:43
Now there are many groups doing this.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
06:45
And the fellow in the vest there,
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ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืกื˜ ืคื”,
06:47
Craig Toten,
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ืงืจื™ื™ื’ ื˜ื•ื˜ืŸ,
06:49
he has pushed forward
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ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื—ืฃ ืงื“ื™ืžื”
06:51
to get documentation out to all the groups that are doing this.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
06:55
Through Haiti Rewired,
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ื“ืจืš ื”ืื™ื˜ื™ ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ,
06:57
through Build Change, Architecture for Humanity,
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ื“ืจืš ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื”, ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืœืื ื•ืฉื•ืช,
07:00
AIDG,
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AIDG,
07:02
there is the possibility
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ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช
07:04
to reach out
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ืœื”ื’ื™ืข
07:07
to 30,000 -- 40,000 masons
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ืœ30,000, 40,000 ื‘ื ืื™ื
07:10
across the country
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ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ
07:12
and create a movement of proper building.
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ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื” ื ื›ื•ื ื”.
07:17
If you reach out to the people on the ground
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ืื ืชื’ื™ืขื• ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื—
07:19
in this collaborative way
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ื”ื–ื•
07:21
it's extremely affordable.
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ื–ื” ื™ืขื™ืœ ืœื”ืคืœื™ื.
07:24
For the billions spent on reconstruction,
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ื‘ืžืœื™ืืจื“ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืฉืงืขื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ,
07:28
you can train masons
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื ืื™ื
07:30
for dollars on every house
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ื‘ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช
07:32
that they end up building over their lifetime.
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ืฉื”ื ื™ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื.
07:37
Ultimately, there are two ways
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื
07:39
that you can rebuild Haiti;
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ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื™ื˜ื™ ืžื—ื“ืฉ,
07:41
the way at the top
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ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืžืขืœื”
07:43
is the way that Haiti's been building for decades.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื”ืื™ื˜ื™ ื ื‘ื ืชื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื.
07:46
The way at the top
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ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืžืขืœื”
07:48
is a poorly constructed building
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื’ืจื•ืขื”
07:50
that will fail.
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ืฉื™ืงืจื•ืก.
07:52
The way at the bottom is a confined masonry building,
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ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืžื˜ื” ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื” ืžืชื•ื—ืžืช,
07:55
where the walls are tied together,
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ื‘ื” ื”ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
07:57
the building is symmetric,
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ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™,
07:59
and it will stand up to an earthquake.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืจืขื™ื“ืช ืื“ืžื”.
08:02
For all the disaster,
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ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืกื•ืŸ,
08:04
there is an opportunity here
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ื™ืฉ ืคื” ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช
08:07
to build better houses
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ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
08:09
for the next generation,
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ืœื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื,
08:11
so that when the next earthquake hits,
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ื›ืš ืฉื›ืฉื”ืจืขื™ื“ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืชื’ื™ืข,
08:14
it is a disaster --
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืกื•ืŸ,
08:16
but not a tragedy.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”.
08:19
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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