Peter Haas: Haiti's disaster of engineering

23,823 views ใƒป 2010-10-14

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jireh Kang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Sojeong Chung
00:16
I learned about the Haiti earthquake by Skype.
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์ €๋Š” ์Šค์นด์ดํ”„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์•„์ดํ‹ฐ์˜ ์ง€์ง„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
My wife sent me a message,
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์ œ ์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
"Whoa, earthquake,"
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"ํฐ์ผ ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”, ์ง€์ง„์ด์˜ˆ์š”."
00:24
and then disappeared for 25 minutes.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ 25๋ถ„๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๋ฝ์ด ๋Š๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
It was 25 minutes of absolute terror
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ „์—ญ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ
00:31
that thousands of people across the U.S. felt.
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25๋ถ„๊ฐ„์˜ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ณตํฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
I was afraid of a tsunami;
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์ €๋Š” ์“ฐ๋‚˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
what I didn't realize
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊นจ๋‹ซ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
00:41
was there was a greater terror in Haiti,
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์•„์ดํ‹ฐ์— ๋” ๋”์ฐํ•œ ๊ณตํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
and that was building collapse.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ถ•๊ดด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
We've all seen the photos
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์•„์ดํ‹ฐ์˜ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„
00:49
of the collapsed buildings in Haiti.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
These are shots my wife took
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค์€ ์ง€์ง„์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๋ฉฐ์น  ๋’ค
00:54
a couple days after the quake,
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์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
while I was making my way through the D.R. into the country.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋•Œ ๋„๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์นธ ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•„์ดํ‹ฐ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
This is the national palace --
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์ด ๊ณณ์€ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ ๊ถ์ „์ธ๋ฐ,
01:02
the equivalent of the White House.
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๋ฐฑ์•…๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
This is the largest supermarket in the Caribbean
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์ด ๊ณณ์€ ์นด๋ฆฌ๋ธŒํ•ด ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์Šˆํผ๋งˆ์ผ“์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
at peak shopping time.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ถ๋น„๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:13
This is a nurses' college --
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์ด ๊ณณ์€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋Œ€ํ•™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
there are 300 nurses studying.
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300๋ช…์˜ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์›๋“ค์ด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
The general hospital right next door
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜†์˜ ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์€
01:21
emerged largely unscathed.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์†์ƒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฑ„ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
This is the Ministry of Economics and Finance.
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์ด ๊ณณ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ธˆ์œต๋ถ€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
We have all heard
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š”
01:32
about the tremendous human loss
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์•„์ดํ‹ฐ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ง€์ง„์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ
01:35
in the earthquake in Haiti,
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ธ๋ช… ์†์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
but we haven't heard enough
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ธ๋ช… ์†์‹ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
01:40
about why all those lives were lost.
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
We haven't heard about
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ•๊ดด ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
01:45
why the buildings failed.
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๋“ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
After all, it was the buildings,
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22๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฃฝ๊ณ 
01:50
not the earthquake,
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33๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์น˜๊ณ 
01:52
that killed 220,000 people,
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์ผ์ฒœ ์‚ผ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ํ”ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
01:55
that injured 330,000,
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์ „๊ตญ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ
01:58
that displaced 1.3 million people,
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์‹๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์ƒํ™œ ํ•„์ˆ˜ํ’ˆ์ด
02:04
that cut off food
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๋Š๊ธด ๊ฒƒ์€
02:06
and water and supplies
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜€์ง€
02:08
for an entire nation.
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์ง€์ง„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
This is the largest metropolitan-area disaster
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋งŒ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ
02:16
in decades,
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๋Œ€ ๋„์‹œ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์žฌ๋‚œ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
and it was not a natural disaster --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์—ฐ ์žฌํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ
02:22
it was a disaster of engineering.
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ํ† ๋ชฉ ๊ณตํ•™์˜ ์žฌํ•ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
AIDG has worked in Haiti
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AIDG(the Appropriate Infrastructure Development Group)๋Š”
02:27
since 2007,
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2007๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•„์ดํ‹ฐ์—์„œ ์ผํ•ด ์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ
02:29
providing engineering and business support
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์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์‚ฌ์—…์ฒด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ† ๋ชฉ ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์—…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ
02:31
to small businesses.
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๋„์›€์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
And after the quake, we started bringing in earthquake engineers
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€์ง„ ํ›„์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€์ง„ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ณตํ•™์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ ๋“ค์—ฌ์„œ
02:37
to figure out why the buildings collapsed,
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์™œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ•๊ดด ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ,
02:39
to examine what was safe and what wasn't.
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ , ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
Working with MINUSTAH,
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U.N. ์‚ฐํ•˜ ์•„์ดํ‹ฐ ์‚ฌ์ ˆ๋‹จ์ธ
02:45
which is the U.N. mission in Haiti,
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MINUSTAH(United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti ์œ ์—” ์•„์ดํ‹ฐ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™” ์‚ฌ์ ˆ๋‹จ)
02:47
with the Ministry of Public Works,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ณต ์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ€
02:49
with different NGOs,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋น„์ •๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ผํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ,
02:51
we inspected over 1,500 buildings.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ์ฒœ์˜ค๋ฐฑ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ๊ณ 
02:55
We inspected schools
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ํ•™๊ต์™€ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ฃผํƒ๋„
02:57
and private residencies.
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์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
We inspected medical centers
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›๊ณผ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์ฐฝ๊ณ ๋„
03:01
and food warehouses.
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์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
We inspected government buildings.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค๋„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
This is the Ministry of Justice.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฒ•๋ฌด๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
Behind that door
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๋ฌธ ๋’ค์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
03:09
is the National Judicial Archives.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ๊ธฐ๋ก ๋ณด๊ด€์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
The fellow in the door, Andre Filitrault --
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๋ฌธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
03:14
who's the director
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๋ฒ„ํŒ”๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜
03:16
of the Center for Interdisciplinary Earthquake Engineering Research
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ํ•™๊ณผ๊ฐ„ ์ œํœด ์ง€์ง„ ๊ณตํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์˜ ์†Œ์žฅ์ธ
03:20
at the University of Buffalo --
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์•ˆ๋“œ๋ ˆ ํ•„๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ผ์šฐํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
was examining it to see if it was safe
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ก ๋ณด๊ด€์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณต๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
03:25
to recover the archives.
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์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
Andre told me,
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์•ˆ๋“œ๋ ˆ๋Š” ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ
03:29
after seeing these buildings fail
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์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑฐ๋“ญํ•ด์„œ
03:31
again and again in the same way,
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ๋Š”
03:34
that there is no new research here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
There is nothing here that we don't know.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
The failure points were the same:
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์›์ธ์€ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
walls and slabs not tied properly into columns --
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์ง€๋ถ•๊ณผ ์„ํŒ์ด ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋„๋ก ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
that's a roof slab hanging off the building --
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์ง€๋ถ•์˜ ํŒ์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์— ๊ฑธ๋ ค ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
cantilevered structures,
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์บ”ํ‹ธ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„(์™ธํŒ”๋ณด)๋กœ ๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ,
03:53
or structures that were asymmetric,
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๋˜๋Š” ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ ๊ตฌ์กฐ
03:55
that shook violently and came down,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ”๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
poor building materials,
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์งˆ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค
04:01
not enough concrete,
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ
04:03
not enough compression in the blocks,
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๋ฒฝ๋Œ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ถˆ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์••์ฐฉ
04:07
rebar that was smooth,
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๋งค๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด (์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ณด๊ฐ•์šฉ) ๊ฐ•์ฒ ๋ด‰
04:09
rebar that was exposed to the weather and had rusted away.
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๋‚ ์”จ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ ๋…น์Šฌ์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ฐ•์ฒ ๋ด‰.
04:12
Now there's a solution
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์˜
04:15
to all these problems.
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
And we know how to build properly.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์ง€์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
The proof of this came in Chile,
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์น ๋ ˆ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
almost a month later,
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ํ›„์—
04:26
when 8.8 magnitude earthquake
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8.8๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ์ง€์ง„์ด
04:30
hit Chile.
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์น ๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํƒ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
That is 500 times
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์•„์ดํ‹ฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋„์ธ ํฌ๋ฅดํ†  ํ”„๋žญ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํƒ€ํ•œ
04:34
the power of the 7.0
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์ง€์ง„ ๊ฐ•๋„ 7.0์˜
04:36
that hit Port-au-Prince --
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500๋ฐฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
500 times the power,
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500๋ฐฐ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
yet only under a thousand casualties.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ฒœ ๋ช…์ดํ•˜์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ž๋งŒ ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
Adjusted for population density,
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์ธ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ€๋„๋กœ ๋”ฐ์ ธ๋ณด๋ฉด
04:48
that is less than one percent
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์•„์ดํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ง„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์˜
04:50
of the impact of the Haitian quake.
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์ผ ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
What was the difference
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์น ๋ ˆ์™€ ์•„์ดํ‹ฐ์˜
04:56
between Chile and Haiti?
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์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:59
Seismic standards
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์ง€์ง„ ํ‘œ์ค€,
05:01
and confined masonry,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด์ง„ ์„์กฐ ๊ณต๋ฒ•์ธ๋ฐ,
05:04
where the building acts as a whole --
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์–ด์„œ
05:06
walls and columns
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๋ฒฝ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ
05:08
and roofs and slabs
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๋ถ•๊ณผ ์ง€๋ถ•ํŒ์ด
05:10
tied together to support each other --
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์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ง€ํƒฑํ•ด์ฃผ๋„๋ก ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
instead of breaking off into separate members and failing.
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์ž์žฌ๋“ค์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ๋ถ€์„œ์ง€๊ณ  ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
If you look at this building in Chile,
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์น ๋ ˆ์˜ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
05:21
it's ripped in half,
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๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ๋ผ์ ธ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
05:23
but it's not a pile of rubble.
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ํŒŒํŽธ์˜ ๋ฌด๋”๊ธฐ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
Chileans have been building with confined masonry
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์น ๋ ˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜ ์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์ง„ ์„์กฐ ๊ณต๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
05:29
for decades.
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์ง€์–ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
Right now, AIDG is working with KPFF Consulting Engineers,
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ํ˜„์žฌ AIDG๋Š” KPFF ์ปจ์„คํŒ… ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋“ค,
05:36
Architecture for Humanity,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฑด์ถ•' (Architecture for Humanity) ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
05:38
to bring more confined masonry training
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์•„์ดํ‹ฐ์—์„œ ๋‚ด์ง„ ์„์กฐ ๊ณต๋ฒ• ๊ต์œก์„
05:41
into Haiti.
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์ข€ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
This is Xantus Daniel;
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์žฐํ„ฐ์Šค ๋Œ€๋‹ˆ์—˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
he's a mason,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฅ ์ฃผ์ž„์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:49
just a general construction worker, not a foreman,
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ณต์‚ฌ์žฅ ๋…ธ๋™์ž์ธ ์„์กฐ๊ณต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
who took one of our trainings.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
On his last job he was working with his boss,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ์ผํ•œ ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์—์„œ
05:57
and they started pouring the columns wrong.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์— ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
He took his boss aside,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์„œ
06:02
and he showed him the materials on confined masonry.
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๋‚ด์ง„ ์„์กฐ ๊ณต๋ฒ•์˜ ์ž์žฌ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
He showed him, "You know, we don't have to do this wrong.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ €๊ธฐ์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
It won't cost us any more
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
06:10
to do it the right way."
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๋” ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์€ ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
06:13
And they redid that building.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ง€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
They tied the rebar right,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ•์ฒ ๋ด‰์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
they poured the columns right,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์— ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋งž๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
and that building will be safe.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
06:21
And every building
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ง“๋Š”
06:23
that they build going forward
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค์€
06:25
will be safe.
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์•ˆ์ „ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
To make sure these buildings are safe,
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์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
06:30
it's not going to take policy --
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์ •์ฑ…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
it's going to take reaching out
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ํ˜„์žฅ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์„์กฐ๊ณต๋“ค๊ณผ
06:35
to the masons on the ground
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์ ‘์ด‰ํ•˜์—ฌ
06:38
and helping them learn the proper techniques.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋„๋ก ๋•๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
Now there are many groups doing this.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์ด ์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
And the fellow in the vest there,
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์‚ฌ์ง„์˜ ์กฐ๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ž…๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
06:47
Craig Toten,
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ํฌ๋ ˆ์ด๊ทธ ํ† ํ…์ธ๋ฐ
06:49
he has pushed forward
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์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ์ž‘์—…์„
06:51
to get documentation out to all the groups that are doing this.
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๋ฌธ์„œํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
Through Haiti Rewired,
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'์•„์ดํ‹ฐ ์žฌ์ •๋น„' (Haiti Rewired),
06:57
through Build Change, Architecture for Humanity,
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'๊ฑด์ถ•์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”' (Build Change), '์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฑด์ถ•' (Architecture for Humanity),
07:00
AIDG,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  AIDG์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
07:02
there is the possibility
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์•„์ดํ‹ฐ ์ „๊ตญ์— ์žˆ๋Š”
07:04
to reach out
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์‚ผ๋งŒ ๋ช…์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋งŒ ๋ช…์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์„์กฐ๊ณต๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
07:07
to 30,000 -- 40,000 masons
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์†์„ ๋ป—์ณ์„œ
07:10
across the country
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์ง“๊ธฐ ์šด๋™์„ ์ผ๊ถˆ๋‚ผ
07:12
and create a movement of proper building.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
If you reach out to the people on the ground
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜‘์กฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
07:19
in this collaborative way
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ํ˜„์žฅ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:21
it's extremely affordable.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
For the billions spent on reconstruction,
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์žฌ๊ฑด์ถ•์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ ์‹ญ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ 
07:28
you can train masons
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ํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹น ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ •๋„์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ
07:30
for dollars on every house
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์„์กฐ๊ณต๋“ค์„ ๊ต์œก์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
that they end up building over their lifetime.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ‰์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์ง“๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
Ultimately, there are two ways
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์•„์ดํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ๋Š”
07:39
that you can rebuild Haiti;
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
the way at the top
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์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์€
07:43
is the way that Haiti's been building for decades.
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์•„์ดํ‹ฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ•ด์˜จ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
The way at the top
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์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์€
07:48
is a poorly constructed building
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ํ˜•ํŽธ์—†์ด ์ง€์–ด์ ธ์„œ
07:50
that will fail.
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๋ถ•๊ดด๋  ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
The way at the bottom is a confined masonry building,
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์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๋‚ด์ง„ ์„์กฐ ๊ณต๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์–ด์ง„ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ธ๋ฐ
07:55
where the walls are tied together,
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๋ฒฝ๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹จ๋‹จํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
07:57
the building is symmetric,
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ๋Œ€์นญ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด
07:59
and it will stand up to an earthquake.
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์ง€์ง„์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋„ ๊ฒฌ๋ŽŒ๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
For all the disaster,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์žฌ์•™์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
08:04
there is an opportunity here
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๋‹ค์Œ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
08:07
to build better houses
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์ง‘์„ ์ง€์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
08:09
for the next generation,
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๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
so that when the next earthquake hits,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ง€์ง„์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋„
08:14
it is a disaster --
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์žฌ์•™์ด์ง€
08:16
but not a tragedy.
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๋น„๊ทน์€ ์•„๋‹ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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