How the worst moments in our lives make us who we are | Andrew Solomon

2,889,214 views ใƒป 2014-05-21

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Sigal Tifferet ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
As a student of adversity,
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ื›ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ื‘ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ืงื”,
00:16
I've been struck over the years by how some people with major challenges
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ื”ื•ืคืชืขืชื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ืžืื•ืชื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
00:21
seem to draw strength from them.
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ืฉื•ืื‘ื™ื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ื›ื•ื— ืžื‘ืขื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื,
00:24
And I've heard the popular wisdom that that has to do with finding meaning.
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ื•ื’ื ื”ืชื•ื•ื“ืขืชื™ ืœืื•ืชื” ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ืขืžืžื™ืช ืฉืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืžืฆื™ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช.
00:28
And for a long time,
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ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘,
00:30
I thought the meaning was out there,
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื ืžืฆืืช ืื™-ืฉื,
00:32
some great truth waiting to be found.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืื™ื–ื• ืืžืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืžืžืชื™ื ื” ืฉื™ืžืฆืื• ืื•ืชื”.
00:35
But over time,
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ืืš ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ืืžืช ืื™ื ื ื” ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ืช.
00:37
I've come to feel that the truth is irrelevant.
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00:40
We call it "finding meaning,"
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ืื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื ื–ืืช "ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช",
00:42
but we might better call it "forging meaning."
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ืืš ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉื ื›ื ื” ื–ืืช "ืœื—ืฉืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช".
00:46
My last book was about how families manage to deal
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ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืกื™ืคืจ ืขืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช
ืฉืžืฆืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืฆืืฆืื™ื ืžืืชื’ืจื™ื ืื• ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื,
00:49
with various kinds of challenging or unusual offspring.
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00:54
And one of the mothers I interviewed,
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ื•ืื—ืช ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช ืฉืจืื™ื™ื ืชื™,
00:56
who had two children with multiple severe disabilities,
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ืื ืœืฉื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช,
00:59
said to me, "People always give us these little sayings like,
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ืืžืจื” ืœื™: "ืื ืฉื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืœื ื• ืืžื™ืจื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ื›ืžื•:
"'ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืœื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืคื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชืš ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“',
01:04
'God doesn't give you any more than you can handle.'
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01:07
But children like ours are not preordained as a gift.
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"ืื‘ืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื ื•
"ืื™ื ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืจืืฉ ืœืžืชื ื”;
"ื”ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืžืชื ื” ื›ื™ ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื ื•."
01:13
They're a gift
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01:14
because that's what we have chosen."
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01:18
We make those choices all our lives.
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ืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
01:23
When I was in second grade,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื‘',
01:25
Bobby Finkel had a birthday party
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ืขืจื›ื• ืœื‘ื•ื‘ื™ ืคื™ื ืงืœ ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ื™ื•ื-ื”ื•ืœื“ืช
01:28
and invited everyone in our class but me.
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ื•ื”ื›ื™ืชื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื”ื•ื–ืžื ื” ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืžื ื™.
01:32
My mother assumed there had been some sort of error,
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ืืžื™ ื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื ืคืœื” ื˜ืขื•ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื ืฆืœืฆืœื” ืœื’ื‘ืจืช ืคื™ื ืงืœ,
01:35
and she called Mrs. Finkel,
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01:36
who said that Bobby didn't like me and didn't want me at his party.
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ื•ื–ื• ืืžืจื” ืฉื‘ื•ื‘ื™ ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ ืื•ืชื™
ื•ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืื‘ื•ื ืœืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื•.
ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ืืžื™ ืœืงื—ื” ืื•ืชื™ ืœื’ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช
01:42
And that day, my mom took me to the zoo
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ื•ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืื•ืชื™ ืœื’ืœื™ื“ื” ืขื ืกื™ืจื•ืค ื—ื.
01:45
and out for a hot fudge sundae.
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื–',
01:48
When I was in seventh grade,
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01:49
one of the kids on my school bus nicknamed me "Percy,"
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื‘ื”ืกืขืช ื‘ื™ื”"ืก,
ื›ื™ื ื” ืื•ืชื™ "ืคืจืกื™", ื›ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืœืื•ืจื— ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™,
01:54
as a shorthand for my demeanor.
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ื•ืœืขืชื™ื, ื”ื•ื ื•ื—ื‘ื•ืจืชื• ื”ื™ื• ืžื–ืžืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืชื’ืจื•ืช ื”ื–ื•
01:57
And sometimes, he and his cohort would chant that provocation
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ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื ืกื™ืขืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก, 45 ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ืœื•ืš, 45 ื“ืงื•ืช ื—ื–ื•ืจ,
02:02
the entire school bus ride,
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02:04
45 minutes up, 45 minutes back:
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02:07
"Percy! Percy! Percy! Percy!"
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"ืคืจืกื™! ืคืจืกื™! ืคืจืกื™! ืคืจืกื™!"
02:12
When I was in eighth grade, our science teacher told us
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื—',
ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ืœืžื“ืขื™ื ืืžืจ ืœื ื•
02:16
that all male homosexuals develop fecal incontinence
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ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืžื•ืกืงืกื•ืืœื™ื ื”ื–ื›ืจื™ื
ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื—ื•ืกืจ-ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉืช ืฆื•ืื”
02:20
because of the trauma to their anal sphincter.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื˜ืจืื•ืžื” ืœืฉืจื™ืจื™ ืคื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขืช.
ื•ืื ื™ ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ
02:25
And I graduated high school without ever going to the cafeteria,
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ื•ืœื• ืคืขื ืื—ืช ืœืงืคื˜ืจื™ื”,
02:29
where I would have sat with the girls and been laughed at for doing so,
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ื›ื™ ืื™ืœื• ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื ืขื ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืกื•ืคื’ ืœืขื’ ื‘ืฉืœ ื›ืš,
02:33
or sat with the boys,
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ื•ืื™ืœื• ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื,
02:35
and been laughed at for being a boy who should be sitting with the girls.
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื•ืขื’ื™ื ืœื™,
ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ื ืขืจ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื‘ืช ืขื ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช.
ืฉืจื“ืชื™ ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื™ืœื“ื•ืช
02:40
I survived that childhood through a mix of avoidance and endurance.
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœืžื•ืช ื•ื›ื•ื—-ืกื‘ืœ.
02:45
What I didn't know then
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ืžื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื™ ืื–,
02:47
and do know now,
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ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื™ ื”ื™ื•ื,
ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืชืขืœืžื•ืช ื•ื›ื•ื—-ืกื‘ืœ
02:49
is that avoidance and endurance can be the entryway to forging meaning.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืฉืขืจ ืœื—ื™ืฉื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช.
02:56
After you've forged meaning,
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื—ื™ืฉืœืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช,
02:58
you need to incorporate that meaning into a new identity.
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ืขืœื™ืš ืœืฉืœื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ื–ื”ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”.
03:02
You need to take the traumas
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ืขืœื™ืš ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื˜ืจืื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื—ืœืง
03:04
and make them part of who you've come to be,
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ืžืžื™ ืฉื”ืคื›ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช,
ื•ืขืœื™ืš ืœืงืคืœ ืืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื”ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืš
03:08
and you need to fold the worst events of your life
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืคื™ื• ืฉืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ,
03:11
into a narrative of triumph,
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03:13
evincing a better self in response to things that hurt.
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ืฉืžืคื’ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ
ื›ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื•ืื‘ื™ื.
03:18
One of the other mothers I interviewed when I was working on my book
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ืื—ืช ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืจืื™ื™ื ืชื™ ื›ืฉืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ืกืคืจื™,
03:22
had been raped as an adolescent,
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ื ืื ืกื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช,
03:25
and had a child following that rape,
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ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื”ืื•ื ืก ื”ืจืชื” ื•ื™ืœื“ื”,
03:28
which had thrown away her career plans
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ืžื” ืฉื”ืจืก ืืช ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื”
ื•ืคื’ืข ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”.
03:31
and damaged all of her emotional relationships.
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ืืš ื›ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื”, ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืช 50,
03:35
But when I met her, she was 50,
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ื•ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื”:
03:38
and I said to her,
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03:39
"Do you often think about the man who raped you?"
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"ื”ืื ืืช ืžืจื‘ื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ืฉืื ืก ืื•ืชืš?"
03:42
And she said, "I used to think about him with anger,
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ื”ื™ื ืขื ืชื”: "ืคืขื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื›ืขืก,
03:46
but now only with pity."
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"ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื - ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“."
03:49
And I thought she meant pity because he was so unevolved
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช 'ืจื—ืžื™ื'
ื›ื™ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื” ื ืขืฆืจื” ืขื“ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœืจื’ืฉ ื›ื” ื ื•ืจื.
03:52
as to have done this terrible thing.
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03:54
And I said, "Pity?"
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ื•ืฉืืœืชื™: "ืจื—ืžื™ื?"
ื”ื™ื ืขื ืชื”: "ื›ืŸ,
03:56
And she said, "Yes,
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"ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื‘ืช ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื”
03:58
because he has a beautiful daughter and two beautiful grandchildren,
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"ื•ืฉื ื™ ื ื›ื“ื™ื ืžืงืกื™ืžื™ื
"ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืขืœ ื–ื”, ืืš ืื ื™ ื›ืŸ,
04:03
and he doesn't know that,
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04:05
and I do.
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04:06
So as it turns out,
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"ืื– ื™ืฆื ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ืจืช-ื”ืžื–ืœ."
04:08
I'm the lucky one."
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ืื—ื“ื™ื ืžืžืื‘ืงื™ื ื• ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืชื ื ื•ืœื“ื ื•:
04:12
Some of our struggles are things we're born to:
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04:15
our gender, our sexuality, our race, our disability.
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ื”ืžื’ื“ืจ, ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืช, ื”ื’ื–ืข ืื• ื”ื ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
04:21
And some are things that happen to us:
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืงื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื•:
04:23
being a political prisoner, being a rape victim,
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืกื™ืจ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™, ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืœืื•ื ืก,
04:27
being a Katrina survivor.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ืงืŸ "ืงืชืจื™ื ื”".
04:29
Identity involves entering a community
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ื–ื”ื•ืช ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืงื”ื™ืœื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืื•ื‘ ื›ื•ื— ืžืื•ืชื” ืงื”ื™ืœื”,
04:32
to draw strength from that community,
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04:35
and to give strength there, too.
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ื•ื’ื ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื” ื›ื•ื—.
04:37
It involves substituting "and" for "but" --
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ื”ื™ื ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘"ื•" ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘"ืื‘ืœ":
04:42
not "I am here but I have cancer,"
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ืœื: "ืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืกืจื˜ืŸ,"
ืืœื: "ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื•ืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ."
04:46
but rather, "I have cancer and I am here."
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04:51
When we're ashamed, we can't tell our stories,
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ื›ืฉืื ื• ืžืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉื™ื
ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกืคืจ ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื ื•,
04:55
and stories are the foundation
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ื•ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื–ื”ื•ืช.
04:58
of identity.
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05:00
Forge meaning,
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ืœื—ืฉืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช, ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ื–ื”ื•ืช,
05:02
build identity.
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05:04
Forge meaning and build identity.
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ืœื—ืฉืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื•ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ื–ื”ื•ืช -
ื–ื• ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืžื ื˜ืจื” ืฉืœื™.
05:08
That became my mantra.
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05:10
Forging meaning is about changing yourself.
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ื—ื™ืฉื•ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžืš.
05:13
Building identity is about changing the world.
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ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื–ื”ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
05:17
All of us with stigmatized identities face this question daily:
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ื›ื•ืœื ื•, ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื”ืกื˜ื™ื’ืžื•ืช, ื ืชืงืœื™ื ืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื–ื•:
ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืžื™ื“ื” ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืข"ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ืขืฆืžื ื•,
05:22
How much to accommodate society by constraining ourselves,
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05:26
and how much to break the limits
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ื•ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช
ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืชื•ืงืฃ?
05:29
of what constitutes a valid life?
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ืœื—ืฉืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื•ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ื–ื”ื•ืช
05:32
Forging meaning and building identity
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05:35
does not make what was wrong right.
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ืื™ื ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉื’ื•ื™ ืœื ื›ื•ืŸ,
05:38
It only makes what was wrong precious.
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ืืœื ืจืง ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉื’ื•ื™ ืœื™ืงืจ.
ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ, ื”ืฉื ื”,
05:43
In January of this year,
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05:45
I went to Myanmar to interview political prisoners,
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ื ืกืขืชื™ ืœืžื™ืื ืžืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื™ื™ืŸ ืืกื™ืจื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื,
05:49
and I was surprised to find them less bitter than I'd anticipated.
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ื•ื”ื•ืคืชืขืชื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืจื™ืจื™ื ืžื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆื™ืคื™ืชื™.
05:53
Most of them had knowingly committed the offenses
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ืžืจื‘ื™ืชื ื‘ื™ืฆืขื• ื‘ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืื•ืชื ืœื›ืœื,
05:56
that landed them in prison,
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05:58
and they had walked in with their heads held high,
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ื•ื”ื ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœืฉื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื–ืงื•ืฃ,
06:01
and they walked out with their heads still held high,
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ื•ื”ื ื™ืฆืื• ืžืฉื ื•ืจืืฉื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืงื•ืฃ,
06:05
many years later.
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ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ.
06:07
Dr. Ma Thida, a leading human rights activist
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ื“"ืจ ืžื ืช'ื™ื“ื”, ืคืขื™ืœื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœืžืขืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื,
06:11
who had nearly died in prison
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ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืžืชื” ื‘ื›ืœื, ื•ืฉื”ืชื” ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื™ื ื•ืง,
06:12
and had spent many years in solitary confinement,
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06:15
told me she was grateful to her jailers for the time she had had to think,
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ืืžืจื” ืœื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืืกื™ืจืช-ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื•ืœืื™ื”
ืขืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืขืžื“ ืœืจืฉื•ืชื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘,
06:21
for the wisdom she had gained,
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ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ืฉืจื›ืฉื”,
06:23
for the chance to hone her meditation skills.
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ืขืœ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืฉื›ืœืœ ืืช ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื”.
06:27
She had sought meaning
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ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ืคืฉื” ืื—ืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช, ื•ื”ืคื›ื” ืืช ืกื‘ืœื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื—ื“ื” ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจื”.
06:29
and made her travail into a crucial identity.
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06:33
But if the people I met were less bitter than I'd anticipated
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™
ื”ื™ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืจื™ืจื™ื ืžื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆื™ืคื™ืชื™ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœื,
06:37
about being in prison,
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06:38
they were also less thrilled than I'd expected
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื’ื ืคื—ื•ืช ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆื™ืคื™ืชื™
06:41
about the reform process going on in their country.
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ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉืžืชื ื”ืœืช ื‘ืืจืฆื.
06:45
Ma Thida said,
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ืžื ืช'ื™ื“ื” ืืžืจื”:
06:46
"We Burmese are noted for our tremendous grace under pressure,
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"ืื ื•, ื”ื‘ื•ืจืžื–ื™ื, ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ ืœื—ืฅ,
06:51
but we also have grievance under glamour."
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"ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื”ืชืœื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื–ื•ื”ืจ,"
06:56
She said, "And the fact that there have been these shifts and changes
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”: "ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• "ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
07:00
doesn't erase the continuing problems in our society
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"ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ื—ืงืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฉื›ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•
07:04
that we learned to see so well while we were in prison."
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"ืฉืื•ืชืŸ ืœืžื“ื ื• ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœื."
07:08
I understood her to be saying
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ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื•ืžืจืช,
07:10
that concessions confer only a little humanity
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ืฉื”ื•ื•ืชืจื ื•ืช ื ื•ืชื ืช ืจืง ืžืขื˜ ื™ื—ืก ืื ื•ืฉื™,
ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื ืชืŸ ื™ื—ืก ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžืœื,
07:14
where full humanity is due;
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07:16
that crumbs are not the same as a place at the table.
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ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ื–ื”ื™ื ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉืžื•ืจ ืœื™ื“ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ,
07:20
Which is to say,
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ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืฉืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื•ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ื–ื”ื•ืช,
07:21
you can forge meaning and build identity
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ ืžื–ืขื.
07:25
and still be mad as hell.
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07:29
I've never been raped,
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ืื ืกืชื™,
07:31
and I've never been in anything remotely approaching a Burmese prison.
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ื•ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื“ื•ื—ืง
ื‘ื™ืช-ืกื•ื”ืจ ื‘ื•ืจืžื–ื™,
07:36
But as a gay American,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื’ื™ื™ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™,
07:38
I've experienced prejudice and even hatred,
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ื”ืชื ืกื™ืชื™ ื‘ื“ืขื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืืฃ ื‘ืฉื ืื”,
ื•ื—ื™ืฉืœืชื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื•ื’ื™ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื–ื”ื•ืช,
07:42
and I've forged meaning
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07:44
and I've built identity,
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07:46
which is a move I learned from people
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ืฉื–ื• ื˜ืงื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ื• ืงื™ืคื•ื— ื’ืจื•ืข ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”
07:48
who had experienced far worse privation than I've ever known.
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ืžื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืื™-ืคืขื.
ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื™
07:54
In my own adolescence,
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07:55
I went to extreme lengths to try to be straight.
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ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืขื™ืœืื™ื™ื ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜.
07:59
I enrolled myself in something called "sexual surrogacy therapy,"
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ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคืชื™ ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืงืจื•ื™: "ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™",
08:03
in which people I was encouraged to call doctors
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ืฉื‘ื• ืื ืฉื™ื, ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืœื›ื ื•ืชื 'ืจื•ืคืื™ื',
08:07
prescribed what I was encouraged to call exercises
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ืจืฉืžื• ืœื™ ืžื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืœื›ื ื•ืช 'ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ื'
ืขื ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืœื›ื ื•ืช 'ืžื—ืœื™ืคื•ืช',
08:11
with women I was encouraged to call surrogates,
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08:14
who were not exactly prostitutes
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ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื–ื•ื ื•ืช,
08:17
but who were also not exactly anything else.
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ.
08:20
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
08:24
My particular favorite was a blonde woman from the Deep South
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ื”ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ ืžื›ื•ืœืŸ
ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื™ื ื™ืช ืื—ืช ืžืื™-ืฉื ื‘ื“ืจื•ื
08:28
who eventually admitted to me that she was really a necrophiliac,
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ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื•ื•ื“ืชื” ื‘ืคื ื™
ืฉื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ืงืจื•ืคื™ืœื™ืช
08:32
and had taken this job after she got in trouble
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ื•ืœืงื—ื” ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ืงืœืขื” ืœืฆืจื•ืช
08:35
down at the morgue.
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ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืžืชื™ื.
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
08:37
(Laughter)
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08:43
These experiences eventually allowed me to have
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ืื•ืชืŸ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื›ืŸ ืื™ืคืฉืจื• ืœื™
ืœืงื™ื™ื ื›ืžื” ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช-ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื’ื•ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ืฉืจื•ืช ืขื ื ืฉื™ื,
08:46
some happy physical relationships with women,
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08:49
for which I'm grateful.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืกื™ืจ-ืชื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื›ืš,
08:51
But I was at war with myself,
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ืื‘ืœ ื ืื‘ืงืชื™ ื‘ืขืฆืžื™,
08:53
and I dug terrible wounds into my own psyche.
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ื•ืคืขืจืชื™ ืคืฆืขื™ื ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœื™.
08:58
We don't seek the painful experiences
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ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ืกื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืื‘ื•ืช ืฉืžืกืชืชื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”ื•ืชื ื•,
09:01
that hew our identities,
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ืืœื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”ื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื ืกื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ื•ืื‘ื•ืช.
09:04
but we seek our identities
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09:06
in the wake of painful experiences.
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09:09
We cannot bear a pointless torment,
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ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืืช ืขื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ืกืจ-ื˜ืขื,
09:12
but we can endure great pain
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ืืš ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ื›ืื‘ ืจื‘
ืื ืื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžื˜ืจื”.
09:15
if we believe that it's purposeful.
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09:17
Ease makes less of an impression on us
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ื”ืงืœื•ืช ืžื•ืชื™ืจื” ื‘ื ื• ื—ื•ืชื ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืืฉืจ ื”ืžืื‘ืง.
09:20
than struggle.
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09:21
We could have been ourselves without our delights,
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ ืฉืื ื• ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืขื™ื ื•ื’ื™ื,
09:24
but not without the misfortunes that drive our search for meaning.
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ืืš ืœื ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืคื•ืจืขื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื ื• ืื—ืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช.
09:29
"Therefore, I take pleasure in infirmities,"
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"ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžืชืขื ื’ ืขืœ ืžื™ื—ื•ืฉื™,"
09:33
St. Paul wrote in Second Corinthians,
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ื›ืชื‘ ืคื•ืœื•ืก ื‘ืื™ื’ืจืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื™ื ืชื™ื,
09:35
"for when I am weak, then I am strong."
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"ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื™ ื—ืœืฉ, ืื ื™ ื—ื–ืง."
ื‘-1988 ื ืกืขืชื™ ืœืžื•ืกืงื‘ื” ืœืจืื™ื™ืŸ ืืžื ื™ ืžื—ืชืจืช ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื™ื,
09:40
In 1988, I went to Moscow to interview artists
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09:44
of the Soviet underground.
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ืžืชื•ืš ืฆื™ืคื™ื” ืฉื”ืืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืชื”ื™ื” ื—ืชืจื ื™ืช ื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช.
09:46
I expected their work to be dissident and political.
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09:50
But the radicalism in their work
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ืื•ืœื ื”ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื ื”ื™ืชื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื˜ืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช
09:52
actually lay in reinserting humanity into a society
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ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืขืกืงื” ื‘ื”ืฉืžื“ืช ืื•ืชื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื”,
09:56
that was annihilating humanity itself,
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09:58
as, in some senses, Russian society is now doing again.
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ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ื™ื•ื ืฉื•ื‘.
ืื—ื“ ื”ืืžื ื™ื ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืืžืจ ืœื™:
10:03
One of the artists I met said to me,
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10:05
"We were in training to be not artists but angels."
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"ืื ื• ืžืชืืžื ื™ื ืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืžื ื™ื, ืืœื ืžืœืื›ื™ื."
ื‘-1991 ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืืžื ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืชื‘ืชื™,
10:10
In 1991, I went back to see the artists I'd been writing about,
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10:14
and I was with them during the putsch that ended the Soviet Union.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื™ืชื ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ื ืคืœ
ืฉืฉืžื” ืงืฅ ืœืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™,
10:19
And they were among the chief organizers of the resistance to that putsch.
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ื•ื”ื ื ืžื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžืืจื’ื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœืื•ืชื” ื”ืคื™ื›ืช-ื ืคืœ.
10:23
And on the third day of the putsch,
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ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืžื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ื ืคืœ, ื”ืฆื™ืข ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืฉื ืœืš ืœืกืžื•ืœื ืกืงืื™ื”.
10:27
one of them suggested we walk up to Smolenskaya.
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10:30
And we went there,
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ื”ืœื›ื ื• ืœืฉื, ื”ืชืืจื’ื ื• ืžื•ืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืชืจืกื™ื,
10:32
and we arranged ourselves in front of one of the barricades,
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10:35
and a little while later,
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ื•ื–ืžืŸ-ืžื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื”ืชื’ืœื’ืœ ื•ื”ื’ื™ืข ื˜ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื˜ื ืงื™ื
10:36
a column of tanks rolled up.
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10:38
And the soldier on the front tank said,
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ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ื˜ื ืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืืžืจ:
"ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ื“-ืžืฉืžืขื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืจื•ืก ืืช ื”ืžืชืจืก ื”ื–ื”.
10:41
"We have unconditional orders to destroy this barricade.
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10:45
If you get out of the way, we don't need to hurt you.
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"ืื ืชืกื•ืจื• ืžื“ืจื›ื ื•, ืœื ื ื™ืืœืฅ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื›ื,
10:48
But if you won't move, we'll have no choice but to run you down."
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"ืืš ืื ืœื ืชื–ื•ื–ื•, ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื‘ืจื™ืจื”
"ืืœื ืœื“ืจื•ืก ืืชื›ื."
10:51
The artist I was with said, "Give us just a minute.
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ื•ื”ืืžื ื™ื ืฉืื™ืชื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืืžืจื•: "ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืจื’ืข,
10:55
Give us just a minute to tell you why we're here."
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"ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืจืง ืจื’ืข ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืš ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ื• ื›ืืŸ."
10:59
And the soldier folded his arms,
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ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœ ืฉื™ืœื‘ ืืช ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืชื™ื•,
11:01
and the artist launched into a Jeffersonian panegyric to democracy
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ื•ื”ืืžืŸ ืคืฆื— ื‘ืฉื™ืจ-ื”ืœืœ ื’'ืคืจืกื•ื ื™ ืœื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”,
ื›ื–ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื•, ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื’'ืคืจืกื•ื ื™ืช,
11:06
such as those of us who live in a Jeffersonian democracy
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11:09
would be hard-pressed to present.
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ื ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ื“ื•ื—ืง ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืžืขืฆืžื ื•.
11:12
And they went on and on,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“,
11:14
and the soldier watched.
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ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœ ื”ืกืชื›ืœ,
11:16
And then he sat there for a full minute after they were finished
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ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื“ืงื” ืฉืœืžื” ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืืžืŸ ืกื™ื™ื
11:20
and looked at us, so bedraggled in the rain,
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ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื ื•, ืจื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืฉื,
11:22
and said, "What you have said is true,
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ื•ืืžืจ: "ืžื” ืฉืืžืจืชื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื,
11:26
and we must bow to the will of the people.
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"ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืจื›ื™ืŸ ืจืืฉื ื• ืœืคื ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืขื.
"ืื ืจืง ืชืคื ื• ืœื ื• ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘, ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•."
11:30
If you'll clear enough space for us to turn around,
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11:32
we'll go back the way we came."
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11:35
And that's what they did.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืขืฉื•.
11:37
Sometimes, forging meaning can give you the vocabulary you need
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื, ื—ื™ืฉื•ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช
ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื›ื ืืช ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžืœื™ื ื”ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื›ื
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ืขืœ ื—ื™ืจื•ืชื›ื ื”ืขื™ืœืื™ืช.
11:42
to fight for your ultimate freedom.
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11:45
Russia awakened me to the lemonade notion
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ืจื•ืกื™ื” ืขื•ืจืจื” ืื•ืชื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืชื•ืง-ื—ืžืฆืžืฅ
ืฉื”ื“ื™ื›ื•ื™ ืžื–ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœื”ืชื ื’ื“ ืœื•,
11:48
that oppression breeds the power to oppose it.
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11:50
And I gradually understood that as the cornerstone of identity.
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ื•ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš ืืช ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืคื™ื ื”
ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช.
11:56
It took identity to rescue me from sadness.
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ื ื“ืจืฉื” ื–ื”ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืœืฅ ืื•ืชื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืขืฆื‘.
12:00
The gay rights movement posits a world
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ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื™ื– ื“ื•ื’ืœืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื”ืŸ ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ.
12:02
in which my aberrances are a victory.
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12:05
Identity politics always works on two fronts:
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ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืคื•ืขืœืช ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื—ื–ื™ืชื•ืช:
12:09
to give pride to people who have a given condition or characteristic,
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ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ื’ืื•ื•ื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื ืชื•ื ื” ืื• ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื ืชื•ืŸ,
12:13
and to cause the outside world to treat such people
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ื•ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช.
12:16
more gently and more kindly.
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12:19
Those are two totally separate enterprises,
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ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ,
12:22
but progress in each sphere reverberates in the other.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื“ื”ื“ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™.
12:26
Identity politics can be narcissistic.
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ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืจืงื™ืกื™ืกื˜ื™ืช.
12:30
People extol a difference only because it's theirs.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื”ืœืœื• ืื™ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืจืง ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืœื”ื.
12:33
People narrow the world and function in discrete groups
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื
ื•ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื ื‘ื“ืœื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืื”ื“ื”.
12:37
without empathy for one another.
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12:39
But properly understood and wisely practiced,
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ืืš ืขื ื”ื‘ื ื” ื ืื•ืชื” ื•ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื—ื›ืžื”,
12:43
identity politics should expand our idea of what it is to be human.
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ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘
ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื”ื• ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™.
12:48
Identity itself should be not a smug label or a gold medal,
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ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื”
ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชื•ื•ื™ืช ื–ื—ื•ื—ืช-ื“ืขืช
ืื• ืžื“ืœื™ื™ืช-ื–ื”ื‘,
12:54
but a revolution.
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ืืœื ืžื”ืคื›ื”.
12:56
I would have had an easier life if I were straight,
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ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื• ืงืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜,
13:00
but I would not be me.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื ื™,
13:02
And I now like being myself better
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ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื ื™,
13:04
than the idea of being someone else,
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ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ,
ืžื™ืฉื”ื•, ืื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื ื”,
13:07
someone who, to be honest,
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13:08
I have neither the option of being nor the ability fully to imagine.
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžืœืื” ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ.
13:13
But if you banish the dragons, you banish the heroes,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืžื’ืจืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืจืงื•ื ื™ื,
ืžื’ืจืฉื™ื ื’ื ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื,
13:17
and we become attached to the heroic strain in our own lives.
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ื•ืื– ืื ื• ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื–ืจืข ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•-ืื ื•.
13:22
I've sometimes wondered
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ื”ื™ื• ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืชื”ื™ืชื™,
13:23
whether I could have ceased to hate that part of myself
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ืื ืื•ื›ืœ ืื™-ืคืขื ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœืฉื ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื™ ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง
13:26
without gay pride's technicolor fiesta,
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ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื—ื’ื™ื’ืช ื”ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื”ืกืกื’ื•ื ื™ืช,
13:29
of which this speech is one manifestation.
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ืฉื ืื•ื ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื”. [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
13:32
(Laughter)
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13:33
I used to think I would know myself to be mature
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ืคืขื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืื“ืข ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ื•ื’ืจ, ื›ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื™ื™ ื‘ืœื™ ื“ื’ืฉื™ื,
13:36
when I could simply be gay without emphasis.
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13:39
But the self-loathing of that period left a void,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื™ืขื•ื‘ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื•ืชื™ืจ ื—ืœืœ,
13:43
and celebration needs to fill and overflow it,
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ืฉื”ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืžืœื ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืฉ ืžืชื•ื›ื•,
13:46
and even if I repay my private debt of melancholy,
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ื•ื’ื ืื ืื ื™ ืžืฉืœื ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืœืขืฆื‘,
13:50
there's still an outer world of homophobia
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ื™ืฉื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ืžื•ืคื•ื‘ื™ ืฉืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื™ืืจืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื.
13:53
that it will take decades to address.
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13:56
Someday, being gay will be a simple fact,
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ื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื™ื™, ืชื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”,
13:59
free of party hats and blame.
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ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจืช ืžื›ื•ื‘ืขื™ ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืืฉืžื”, ืืš ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื ื›ืš.
14:02
But not yet.
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14:04
A friend of mine who thought gay pride was getting very carried away with itself,
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ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™, ืฉื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื”ื’ืื” ืžืชืœื”ื‘ืช ืžืื“ ืžืขืฆืžื”,
14:08
once suggested that we organize Gay Humility Week.
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ื”ืฆื™ืข ืคืขื ืฉื ืืจื’ืŸ ืืช "ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื”ื’ืื”."
14:12
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง] [ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
14:13
(Applause)
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14:18
It's a great idea.
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ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื“ืจ. [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
14:19
(Laughter)
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14:21
But its time has not yet come.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ืžื ื• ื˜ืจื ื”ื’ื™ืข.
14:23
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
14:25
And neutrality, which seems to lie halfway between despair and celebration,
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื™ื˜ืจืœื™ื•ืช, ืฉื›ื ืจืื” ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืื•ืฉ ืœื—ื’ื™ื’ื”,
14:30
is actually the endgame.
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช.
14:33
In 29 states in the US,
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ื‘-29 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘
14:36
I could legally be fired or denied housing
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ื”ื—ื•ืง ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืคื˜ืจ ืื•ืชื™ ืื• ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืžื ื™ ื“ื™ื•ืจ
14:39
for being gay.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื™ ื’ื™ื™.
14:41
In Russia, the anti-propaganda law
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ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ื”, ื”ื—ื•ืง ื ื’ื“ ืชืขืžื•ืœื”
ื’ืจื ืœื”ื›ืืช ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
14:44
has led to people being beaten in the streets.
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14:47
Twenty-seven African countries have passed laws against sodomy.
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27 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืคืจื™ืงื ื™ื•ืช
ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื ื’ื“ ืžืขืฉื™-ืกื“ื•ื,
14:52
And in Nigeria, gay people can legally be stoned to death,
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ื•ื‘ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ืœืกืงื•ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื– ืœืžื•ื•ืช,
14:55
and lynchings have become common.
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ื•ืžืขืฉื™ ื”ืœื™ื ืฅ' ื”ืคื›ื• ืฉื ืœืชื•ืคืขื” ืจื•ื•ื—ืช.
14:58
In Saudi Arabia recently,
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ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื™ืช, ืฉื ื™ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืชืคืกื• ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ ืชืื•ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืจื™ื,
15:00
two men who had been caught in carnal acts
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15:03
were sentenced to 7,000 lashes each,
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ื ืฉืคื˜ื• ืœ-7,000 ืžืœืงื•ืช ื›ืœ ืื—ื“,
ื•ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš ื”ื ื ื›ื™ื ืœืฆืžื™ืชื•ืช.
15:08
and are now permanently disabled as a result.
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15:11
So who can forge meaning
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ืื– ืžื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืฉืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื•ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ื–ื”ื•ืช?
15:13
and build identity?
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ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื™ื– ืื™ื ื ื• ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ,
15:16
Gay rights are not primarily marriage rights,
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15:19
and for the millions who live in unaccepting places
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ื•ืœืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™-ืคื ื™ื
15:22
with no resources,
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ื•ืœืœื ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื,
15:24
dignity remains elusive.
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ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืœืชื™-ืžื•ืฉื’.
ื”ืชืžื–ืœ ืžื–ืœื™, ื•ื—ื™ืฉืœืชื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื•ื’ื ื’ื™ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื–ื”ื•ืช,
15:27
I am lucky to have forged meaning
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15:30
and built identity,
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15:32
but that's still a rare privilege.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ืืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ืช-ื™ืชืจ ื ื“ื™ืจื”,
15:34
And gay people deserve more, collectively,
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ื•ื”ื’ื™ื™ื–, ื›ื›ืœืœ, ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœื™ื•ืชืจ
15:37
than the crumbs of justice.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืคื™ืจื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืฆื“ืง.
15:40
And yet,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื›ืœ ืฆืขื“ ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื›ื” ื ืคืœื.
15:42
every step forward is so sweet.
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15:45
In 2007, six years after we met,
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ื‘-2007, ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืคื’ืฉื ื•,
15:49
my partner and I decided to get married.
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ื‘ืŸ-ื–ื•ื’ื™ ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื ืฉื.
ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ื’'ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื•ืชื” ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืฉืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ
15:53
Meeting John had been the discovery of great happiness
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ื•ื’ื ืกื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืžืœืœื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”,
15:57
and also the elimination of great unhappiness.
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16:00
And sometimes, I was so occupied with the disappearance of all that pain,
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ื” ืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ื”ื™ืขืœืžื•ืช ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื›ืื‘,
16:05
that I forgot about the joy,
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ืขื“ ื›ื™ ืฉื›ื—ืชื™ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฉืžื—ื”,
ืฉื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื›ื™ ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื‘ื›ืš.
16:08
which was at first the less remarkable part of it to me.
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16:11
Marrying was a way to declare our love
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ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ืขืœ ืื”ื‘ืชื ื•
16:14
as more a presence than an absence.
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ื›ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ.
16:18
Marriage soon led us to children,
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ื‘ืžื”ืจื”, ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื,
16:20
and that meant new meanings
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ืžืฉืžืข, ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
16:22
and new identities -- ours and theirs.
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ื•ื–ื”ื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืฉืœื”ื.
16:26
I want my children to be happy,
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื,
16:29
and I love them most achingly when they are sad.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื›ืฉื”ื ืขืฆื•ื‘ื™ื.
16:33
As a gay father, I can teach them to own what is wrong in their lives,
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ื›ืื‘ ื’ื™ื™, ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื—ื–ืงื” ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืฉื’ื•ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื,
16:38
but I believe that if I succeed in sheltering them from adversity,
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ืืš ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืื ืืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฆืจื”,
16:42
I will have failed as a parent.
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ืื™ื›ืฉืœ ื›ื”ื•ืจื”.
16:45
A Buddhist scholar I know once explained to me
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ืžืœื•ืžื“ ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ืกื˜ื™ ืžืžื›ืจื™ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื™ ืคืขื
16:48
that Westerners mistakenly think
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ืฉื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ืขื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘
ืฉื”ื ื™ืจื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ื‘ืชื•ื ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื’ื•ืŸ,
16:51
that nirvana is what arrives when all your woe is behind you,
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16:55
and you have only bliss to look forward to.
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ื›ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืจืง ืœืื•ืฉืจ.
ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉื–ืืช ืื™ื ื ื” ื ื™ืจื•ื•ื ื”,
16:59
But he said that would not be nirvana,
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17:01
because your bliss in the present
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ื›ื™ ื”ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื”
ื™ื”ื™ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืจื•ื™ ื‘ืฆื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืฉืžื—ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจ.
17:03
would always be shadowed by the joy from the past.
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17:06
Nirvana, he said, is what you arrive at
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ื ื™ืจื•ื•ื ื”, ื›ืš ืืžืจ, ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื
17:09
when you have only bliss to look forward to
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ื›ืฉืžืฆืคื™ื ืจืง ืœืื•ืฉืจ ื•ืžื•ืฆืื™ื, ื‘ืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืฆืขืจ,
17:12
and find in what looked like sorrows the seedlings of your joy.
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ืืช ื–ืจืขื™ ื”ืฉืžื—ื”.
17:17
And I sometimes wonder
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ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืื ื™ ืชื•ื”ื”
ื”ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื’ืฉืžื” ื›ื–ืืช ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื•ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื
17:19
whether I could have found such fulfillment in marriage and children
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17:22
if they'd come more readily,
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ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืื• ืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช,
ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ื ืขื•ืจื™, ืื• ืฆืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ื•ื -
17:25
if I'd been straight in my youth or were young now,
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ื›ืš ืื• ื›ืš, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืœื™ ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
17:29
in either of which cases this might be easier.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™.
17:32
Perhaps I could.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื›ืœ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืขืกืงืชื™
17:34
Perhaps all the complex imagining I've done
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17:36
could have been applied to other topics.
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ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
17:38
But if seeking meaning matters more than finding meaning,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช
ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืฆื™ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช,
17:42
the question is not whether I'd be happier for having been bullied,
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ื›ื™ ืื– ื”ืฉืืœื” ืื™ื ื ื” ื”ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืื•ืฉืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ
ื›ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื• ืืœื™ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื•ื ื•ืช,
17:46
but whether assigning meaning to those experiences
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ืืœื ื”ืื ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืชื ืกื•ื™ื•ืช
17:50
has made me a better father.
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ื”ืคืš ืื•ืชื™ ืœืื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
17:52
I tend to find the ecstasy hidden in ordinary joys,
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ืื ื™ ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืฉื”ืขื•ื ื’ ื”ืขื™ืœืื™ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืžื—ื•ืช ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช,
17:56
because I did not expect those joys to be ordinary to me.
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœื ืฆื™ืคื™ืชื™ ืฉืฉืžื—ื•ืช ืืœื” ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™.
ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ื”ื˜ืจื•ืกืงืกื•ืืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื
18:01
I know many heterosexuals who have equally happy marriages and families,
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ื ืฉื•ืื™ื ื‘ืื•ืฉืจ ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื•ื ื™,
18:05
but gay marriage is so breathtakingly fresh,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืื™ื ื”ื ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื” ืจืขื ืŸ ื•ืขื•ืฆืจ-ื ืฉื™ืžื”,
18:08
and gay families so exhilaratingly new,
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ื•ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื’ืื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื” ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืžืœื”ื™ื‘,
18:11
and I found meaning in that surprise.
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ืขื“ ื›ื™ ืžืฆืืชื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื”ืคืชืขื” ื”ื–ื•.
18:15
In October, it was my 50th birthday,
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ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ ื—ืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื™ ื”-50,
ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ืขืจื›ื” ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื™ ืžืกื™ื‘ื”,
18:19
and my family organized a party for me.
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18:22
And in the middle of it, my son said to my husband
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ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืžืกื™ื‘ื”,
ื‘ื ื™ ืืžืจ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืฉื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœืฉืืช ื ืื•ื,
18:25
that he wanted to make a speech.
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ื•ื’'ื•ืŸ ืืžืจ:
18:27
And John said,
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18:28
"George, you can't make a speech. You're four."
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"ื’'ื•ืจื’', ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ืื•ื. ืืชื” ื‘ืŸ ืืจื‘ืข."
18:32
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
18:33
"Only Grandpa and Uncle David and I are going to make speeches tonight."
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"ืจืง ืกื‘ื, ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื™ื™ื•ื™ื“ ื•ืื ื™ "ื ื™ืฉื ื”ืขืจื‘ ื ืื•ืžื™ื."
18:38
But George insisted and insisted,
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ืื‘ืœ ื’'ื•ืจื’ ื”ืชืขืงืฉ ื•ืœื ื•ื™ืชืจ,
18:41
and finally, John took him up to the microphone,
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื’'ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืืœ ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ืคื•ืŸ,
18:44
and George said very loudly,
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ื•ื’'ื•ืจื’' ืืžืจ ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื ืžืื“: "ื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™,
18:47
"Ladies and gentlemen!
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18:49
May I have your attention, please?"
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"ืื‘ืงืฉ ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื™ื‘ื›ื."
18:52
And everyone turned around, startled.
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื ืคื ื•, ืžื•ืคืชืขื™ื. ื•ื’'ื•ืจื’' ืืžืจ:
18:55
And George said,
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"ืื ื™ ืฉืžื— ืฉื–ื” ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ืฉืœ ืื‘ื,
18:57
"I'm glad it's daddy's birthday.
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18:59
I'm glad we all get cake.
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"ืื ื™ ืฉืžื— ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืขื•ื’ื”,
19:03
And Daddy, if you were little,
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"ื•ืื‘ื, ืื ื”ื™ื™ืช ืงื˜ืŸ,
19:06
I'd be your friend."
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"ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœืš."
19:07
(Gasp)
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[ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื•ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
19:09
And I thought -- (Applause)
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ -- ืชื•ื“ื”,
19:11
Thank you.
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื‘ ื—ื•ื‘ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื‘ื•ื‘ื™ ืคื™ื ืงืœ
19:13
I thought that I was indebted even to Bobby Finkel,
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19:16
because all those earlier experiences
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ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืชื ืกื•ื™ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช
19:19
were what had propelled me to this moment,
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ื”ืŸ ืฉื“ื—ืคื• ืื•ืชื™ ืขื“ ืœืจื’ืข ื”ื–ื”,
19:21
and I was finally unconditionally grateful
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ื•ืกื•ืฃ-ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืืกื™ืจ-ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืœื ืชื ืื™ ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื
19:24
for a life I'd once have done anything to change.
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ืฉืคืขื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืชื.
19:28
The gay activist Harvey Milk was once asked by a younger gay man
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ื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื”ื’ื™ื™ ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืœืง ื ืฉืืœ ืคืขื ืข"ื™ ื’ื™ื™ ืฆืขื™ืจ
19:32
what he could do to help the movement,
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ืžื” ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”,
ื•ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืœืง ืขื ื”:
19:35
and Harvey Milk said,
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19:36
"Go out and tell someone."
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"ืฆื ื•ืกืคืจ ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื•."
ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื—ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
19:39
There's always somebody who wants to confiscate our humanity.
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ื•ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ืฉ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉืงืžื• ืื•ืชื”.
19:43
And there are always stories that restore it.
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19:45
If we live out loud,
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ืื ื ื—ื™ื” ื‘ื’ืœื•ื™
19:47
we can trounce the hatred,
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืก ืืช ื”ืฉื ืื”
19:49
and expand everyone's lives.
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ื•ืœื”ืขืฆื™ื ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื›ื•ืœื.
19:52
Forge meaning.
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ื—ืฉืœื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช. ื’ื‘ืฉื• ื–ื”ื•ืช.
19:54
Build identity.
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ื—ืฉืœื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช.
19:56
Forge meaning.
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19:58
Build identity.
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ื’ื‘ืฉื• ื–ื”ื•ืช.
ื•ืื– ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืฉืžื•ื— ื‘ืฉืžื—ืชื›ื.
20:01
And then invite the world to share your joy.
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20:04
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
20:05
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
20:08
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”. [ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
20:10
(Applause)
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20:12
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”. [ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
20:13
(Applause)
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20:16
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”. [ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
20:17
(Applause)
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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