Jessica Green: Good germs make healthy buildings

50,808 views ใƒป 2013-03-25

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Yael Weiss
00:13
Everything is covered in invisible ecosystems
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ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™-ื ืจืื•ืช
00:17
made of tiny lifeforms: bacteria, viruses and fungi.
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ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ืจื•ืช-ื—ื™ื™ื ื–ืขื™ืจื•ืช: ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื, ื ื’ื™ืคื™ื ื•ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช.
00:21
Our desks, our computers, our pencils, our buildings
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ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•ืชื™ื ื•, ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•, ื”ืขืคืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
00:25
all harbor resident microbial landscapes.
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ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ืžืงืœื˜ ืœื ื•ืคื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื™ื.
00:29
As we design these things, we could be thinking
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ื›ืฉืื ื• ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘
00:31
about designing these invisible worlds,
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ืขืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™-ื ืจืื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
00:34
and also thinking about how they interact
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ื•ื’ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืžื ื”ืœื™ื
00:36
with our personal ecosystems.
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ืขื ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
00:39
Our bodies are home to trillions of microbes,
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ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ืœื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืžื™ืงืจื•ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื,
00:43
and these creatures define who we are.
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ื•ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•.
00:45
The microbes in your gut can influence your weight and your moods.
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ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ืžืขื™ื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ื•ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื.
00:49
The microbes on your skin can help boost your immune system.
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ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืฉืขืœ ืขื•ืจื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
00:53
The microbes in your mouth can freshen your breath,
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ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ืคื™ื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื˜ื”ืจ ืืช ื ืฉื™ืžืชื›ื,
00:56
or not,
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื,
00:57
and the key thing is that our personal ecosystems
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืขืจื›ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช
01:00
interact with ecosystems on everything we touch.
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ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™-ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ืขื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื•.
01:03
So, for example, when you touch a pencil,
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื›ืฉืืชื ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืขืคืจื•ืŸ,
01:05
microbial exchange happens.
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ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงืจื•ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื.
01:08
If we can design the invisible ecosystems in our surroundings,
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ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื ื•,
01:12
this opens a path to influencing
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ื–ื” ืคื•ืชื— ืคืชื— ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข
01:15
our health in unprecedented ways.
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ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ืกืจื•ืช-ืชืงื“ื™ื.
01:18
I get asked all of the time from people,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
01:21
"Is it possible to really design microbial ecosystems?"
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"ื”ืื ื‘ืืžืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฆื‘ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื•ืช?"
01:25
And I believe the answer is yes.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื "ื›ืŸ".
01:28
I think we're doing it right now,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ืžืžืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
01:29
but we're doing it unconsciously.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืœื ืžื•ื“ืขืช.
01:33
I'm going to share data with you
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ืืฉืชืฃ ืืชื›ื ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื
01:35
from one aspect of my research focused on architecture
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ืžื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื™ ืฉืžืชืจื›ื– ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”
01:38
that demonstrates how, through both conscious
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ื•ืฉืžืžื—ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“, ื“ืจืš ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ
01:41
and unconscious design,
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ืžื•ื“ืข ื•ื‘ืœืชื™-ืžื•ื“ืข,
01:44
we're impacting these invisible worlds.
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ืื ื• ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืกืžื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
01:47
This is the Lillis Business Complex at the University of Oregon,
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ื–ื”ื• ืงื•ืžืคืœืงืก ื”ืขืกืงื™ื "ืœื™ืœื™ืก" ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืื•ืจื’ื•ืŸ,
01:51
and I worked with a team of architects and biologists
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืขื ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื
01:53
to sample over 300 rooms in this building.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื’ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-300 ื—ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื–ื”.
01:58
We wanted to get something like a fossil record of the building,
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ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ,
02:02
and to do this, we sampled dust.
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ื•ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื›ืš ื“ื’ืžื ื• ืื‘ืง.
02:05
From the dust, we pulled out bacterial cells,
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ืžื”ืื‘ืง ื”ื–ื” ื—ื™ืœืฆื ื• ืชืื™ื ืžื™ืงืจื•ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื™ื,
02:09
broke them open, and compared their gene sequences.
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ืคืชื—ื ื• ืื•ืชื, ื•ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืืช ืจืฆืคื™ ื”ื’ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
02:12
This means that people in my group
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื™
02:14
were doing a lot of vacuuming during this project.
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ื”ืชืขืกืงื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืฉืื™ื‘ืช ืื‘ืง ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื™ื–ื ื”ื–ื”.
02:17
This is a picture of Tim, who,
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ื–ื• ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื,
02:20
right when I snapped this picture, reminded me,
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ืฉืžืžืฉ ื›ืฉืฆื™ืœืžืชื™ ืื•ืชื•, ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื™:
02:22
he said, "Jessica, the last lab group I worked in
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"ื’'ืกื™ืงื”, ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืฉืชืชืคืชื™
02:25
I was doing fieldwork in the Costa Rican rainforest,
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ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื™ืขืจ ื”ื’ืฉื ืฉืœ ืงื•ืกื˜ื” ืจื™ืงื”,
02:28
and things have changed dramatically for me."
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ื•ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ืฉืชืคืจ ืžืื“."
02:32
So I'm going to show you now first what we found in the offices,
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ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื,
02:35
and we're going to look at the data through a visualization tool
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ื•ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื›ืœื™-ืขื–ืจ ื—ื–ื•ืชื™
02:38
that I've been working on in partnership with Autodesk.
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ืฉืื ื™ ืžืคืชื—ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื "ืื•ื˜ื•ื“ืกืง".
02:42
The way that you look at this data is,
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ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื™ื,
02:44
first, look around the outside of the circle.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ื’ื•ืœ.
02:48
You'll see broad bacterial groups,
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ืืชื ืชืจืื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžื™ืงืจื•ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช,
02:51
and if you look at the shape of this pink lobe,
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ื•ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืชื ื”ื•ื•ืจื•ื“ ื”ื–ื”,
02:54
it tells you something about the relative abundance of each group.
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ื–ื” ื™ืืžืจ ืœื›ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”.
02:57
So at 12 o'clock, you'll see that offices have a lot of
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ืื– ื‘ืฉืขื” 12 ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื”
02:59
alphaproteobacteria, and at one o'clock
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ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ ืืœืคื-ืคืจื•ื˜ื™ืื•, ื•ื‘ืฉืขื” 1,
03:02
you'll see that bacilli are relatively rare.
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ืชืจืื• ืฉื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ ื”ื‘ืฆื™ืœื•ืก ื ื“ื™ืจื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ืช.
03:06
Let's take a look at what's going on in different space types in this building.
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ื”ื‘ื” ื•ื ืจืื” ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื—ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื–ื”.
03:11
If you look inside the restrooms,
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ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื,
03:13
they all have really similar ecosystems,
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ื‘ื›ื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช,
03:16
and if you were to look inside the classrooms,
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ื•ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“,
03:18
those also have similar ecosystems.
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ื’ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช.
03:21
But if you look across these space types,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืชืฉื•ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืœืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”
03:23
you can see that they're fundamentally different
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™
03:26
from one another.
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ืืœื• ืžืืœื•.
03:28
I like to think of bathrooms like a tropical rainforest.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ืจื—ืฆื” ื›ืขืœ ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื’ืฉื ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื™ื.
03:31
I told Tim, "If you could just see the microbes,
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื˜ื™ื, "ืื™ืœื• ืจืง ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื.
03:33
it's kind of like being in Costa Rica. Kind of."
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ืกื˜ื” ืจื™ืงื”."
03:37
And I also like to think of offices as being a temperate grassland.
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ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื›ืขืœ ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžืžื•ื–ื’.
03:42
This perspective is a really powerful one for designers,
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ื–ื• ื ืงื•ื“ืช-ืžื‘ื˜ ืจื‘ืช ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื,
03:46
because you can bring on principles of ecology,
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ื›ื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื,
03:50
and a really important principle of ecology is dispersal,
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ื•ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“ ื‘ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ,
03:52
the way organisms move around.
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื ืขื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
03:55
We know that microbes are dispersed around by people
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ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืืช ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืžืคื–ืจื™ื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
03:59
and by air.
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ื•ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ.
04:00
So the very first thing we wanted to do in this building
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ืื– ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื–ื”
04:03
was look at the air system.
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ.
04:05
Mechanical engineers design air handling units
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ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ,
04:08
to make sure that people are comfortable,
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ื ื•ื—,
04:11
that the air flow and temperature is just right.
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ืฉื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื•ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช.
04:13
They do this using principles of physics and chemistry,
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ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื•ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ื”,
04:17
but they could also be using biology.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
04:21
If you look at the microbes
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ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื
04:23
in one of the air handling units in this building,
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ืฉื‘ืื—ืช ืžื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
04:26
you'll see that they're all very similar to one another.
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ืชืจืื• ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืžืื“.
04:30
And if you compare this to the microbes
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ืื ืชืฉื•ื• ืื•ืชื ืœืžื™ืงืจื•ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื
04:34
in a different air handling unit,
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ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืื—ืจืช,
04:36
you'll see that they're fundamentally different.
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ืชืจืื• ืฉื”ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืื“.
04:39
The rooms in this building are like islands in an archipelago,
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ื”ื—ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื–ื” ื”ื ื›ืžื• ืื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจื›ื™ืคืœื’,
04:42
and what that means is that mechanical engineers
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ื•ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช
04:45
are like eco-engineers, and they have the ability
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ื”ื ื›ืžื• ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช
04:48
to structure biomes in this building the way that they want to.
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื–ื” ืœืคื™ ืจืฆื•ื ื.
04:53
Another facet of how microbes get around is by people,
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ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื,
04:57
and designers often cluster rooms together
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ื•ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืฉื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื“ืจื™ื
05:00
to facilitate interactions among people,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื,
05:03
or the sharing of ideas, like in labs and in offices.
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ืื• ืขืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื.
05:06
Given that microbes travel around with people,
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ื‘ื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ืฉื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื ืขื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื,
05:09
you might expect to see rooms that are close together
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื
05:11
have really similar biomes.
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ืชื™ืžืฆื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื“ื•ืžื”.
05:14
And that is exactly what we found.
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉืžืฆืื ื•.
05:16
If you look at classrooms right adjacent to one another,
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ืื ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืกืžื•ื›ื•ืช,
05:19
they have very similar ecosystems,
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืžืื“,
05:21
but if you go to an office
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืžืฉืจื“
05:25
that is a farther walking distance away,
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ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืžืฉื,
05:28
the ecosystem is fundamentally different.
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ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื‘ื• ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื”.
05:30
And when I see the power that dispersal has
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ื•ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืคื™ื–ื•ืจ
05:35
on these biogeographic patterns,
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ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•-ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
05:37
it makes me think that it's possible
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ื–ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืืคืฉืจ
05:40
to tackle really challenging problems,
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ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžืืชื’ืจื•ืช ืžืื“,
05:44
like hospital-acquired infections.
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ื›ืžื• ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื. -1 ืž-20 ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื—ื•ื˜ืฃ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉืคื•ื–-
05:46
I believe this has got to be, in part,
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื–ื• ืœืœื ืกืคืง, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืœืงื™,
05:49
a building ecology problem.
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ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื”.
05:52
All right, I'm going to tell you one more story about this building.
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ื˜ื•ื‘. ืืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืขื•ื“ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
05:56
I am collaborating with Charlie Brown.
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ืฆ'ืจืœื™ ื‘ืจืื•ืŸ.
05:59
He's an architect,
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ื”ื•ื ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ,
06:01
and Charlie is deeply concerned about global climate change.
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ื•ืฆ'ืจืœื™ ืžื•ื“ืื’ ืžืื“ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื™ื.
06:06
He's dedicated his life to sustainable design.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ื™ืžื.
06:09
When he met me and realized that it was possible for him
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื’ืฉ ื‘ื™, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ
06:12
to study in a quantitative way
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ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ
06:15
how his design choices impacted
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ืื™ืš ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœื• ื”ืฉืคื™ืขื•
06:17
the ecology and biology of this building,
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ืขืœ ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
06:20
he got really excited, because it added a new dimension to what he did.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืจื’ืฉ ืžืื“, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžื™ืžื“ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื”.
06:25
He went from thinking just about energy
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื”ื’ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“,
06:26
to also starting to think about human health.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื’ื ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืื“ื.
06:30
He helped design some of the air handling systems
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ื”ื•ื ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืžืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ
06:34
in this building and the way it was ventilated.
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ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื•ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœื•.
06:36
So what I'm first going to show you is
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ืื– ืจืืฉื™ืช ืืจืื” ืœื›ื
06:39
air that we sampled outside of the building.
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ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฉื“ื’ืžื ื• ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.
06:42
What you're looking at is a signature of bacterial communities
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ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ื•ื ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ืงืจื•ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื
06:46
in the outdoor air, and how they vary over time.
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ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™, ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืŸ ืžืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
06:50
Next I'm going to show you what happened
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ื›ืขืช ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ืžื” ืงืจื”
06:53
when we experimentally manipulated classrooms.
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ื›ืฉืขืจื›ื ื• ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“.
06:57
We blocked them off at night
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ืื˜ืžื ื• ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”
06:59
so that they got no ventilation.
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ื›ืš ืฉืœื ื™ื–ื›ื• ืœืฉื•ื ืื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืจ.
07:01
A lot of buildings are operated this way,
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžืชื•ืคืขืœื™ื ื›ืš,
07:03
probably where you work,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื›ื,
07:05
and companies do this to save money on their energy bill.
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ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
07:08
What we found is that these rooms remained relatively stagnant
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ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื ื•ืชืจ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืขื•ืžื“
07:12
until Saturday, when we opened the vents up again.
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ืขื“ ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ืื– ืฉื•ื‘ ืคืชื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ืื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืจ.
07:15
When you walked into those rooms,
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ื›ืฉื ื›ื ืกื ื• ืœื—ื“ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
07:16
they smelled really bad,
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ื”ื ื”ืกืจื™ื—ื• ืžืื“,
07:18
and our data suggests that it had something to do with
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ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ
07:21
leaving behind the airborne bacterial soup
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืฉืืจื ื• ืืช ืžืจืง ื”ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื”ื ื™ืฉื ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ
07:25
from people the day before.
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ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืงื•ื“ื.
07:27
Contrast this to rooms
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ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื• ื–ืืช ืœื—ื“ืจื™ื
07:29
that were designed using a sustainable passive design strategy
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ืฉืชื•ื›ื ื ื• ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืกื‘ื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ืจืช-ืงื™ื™ืžื,
07:34
where air came in from the outside through louvers.
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ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื ื›ื ืก ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื“ืจืš ืชืจื™ืกื™ ืจืคืคื”.
07:37
In these rooms, the air tracked the outdoor air relatively well,
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ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืืœื”, ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ืขืฆืžื• ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ,
07:42
and when Charlie saw this, he got really excited.
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ื•ื›ืฉืฆ'ืจืœื™ ืจืื” ื–ืืช, ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืชืจื’ืฉ.
07:44
He felt like he had made a good choice
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ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉ ืฉื‘ื—ืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘
07:47
with the design process
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘
07:48
because it was both energy efficient
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
07:51
and it washed away the building's resident microbial landscape.
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ื•ื–ื” ื’ื ืฉื˜ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฃ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ ืฉืฉืจืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.
07:56
The examples that I just gave you are about architecture,
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ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ืชืชื™ ืœื›ื ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”,
07:59
but they're relevant to the design of anything.
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ืืš ื”ืŸ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ.
08:01
Imagine designing with the kinds of microbes that we want
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ืชืืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืงื— ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืœื ื•
08:06
in a plane
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ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืก,
08:07
or on a phone.
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ืื• ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ.
08:10
There's a new microbe, I just discovered it.
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ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืงืจื•ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ื ื—ื“ืฉ, ื–ื” ืขืชื” ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืื•ืชื•.
08:12
It's called BLIS, and it's been shown
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ื”ื•ื ืงืจื•ื™ "ื‘ืœื™ืก", ื•ื”ื•ื›ื— ืฉื”ื•ื
08:15
to both ward off pathogens
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ื’ื ื“ื•ื—ื” ื’ื•ืจืžื™-ืžื—ืœื”
08:18
and give you good breath.
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ื•ื’ื ืžืขื ื™ืง ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืจืขื ื ื”.
08:20
Wouldn't it be awesome if we all had BLIS on our phones?
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ื”ื“ืจ ืื™ืœื• ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื” "ื‘ืœื™ืก" ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•?
08:26
A conscious approach to design,
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ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžื•ื“ืขืช ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ,
08:28
I'm calling it bioinformed design,
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ืื ื™ ืžื›ื ื” ื–ืืช "ื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•-ืžื•ืฉื›ืœืช",
08:31
and I think it's possible.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™ืช.
08:32
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
08:34
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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