Jessica Green: Good germs make healthy buildings

50,689 views ・ 2013-03-25

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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λ²ˆμ—­: Minji Kim κ²€ν† : Hyunglak Son
00:13
Everything is covered in invisible ecosystems
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λͺ¨λ“  것은 보이지 μ•ŠλŠ” μƒνƒœκ³„ 즉,
00:17
made of tiny lifeforms: bacteria, viruses and fungi.
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λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„, λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€, κ³°νŒ‘μ΄μ™€ 같은 λ―Έμƒλ¬Όλ‘œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘Œμ§€μš”.
00:21
Our desks, our computers, our pencils, our buildings
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ“°λŠ” 책상, 컴퓨터, μ—°ν•„, 건물듀이
00:25
all harbor resident microbial landscapes.
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λͺ¨λ‘ 미생물을 λ²ˆμ‹ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ£ .
00:29
As we design these things, we could be thinking
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 사물을 섀계할 λ•Œ
00:31
about designing these invisible worlds,
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이와 같은 보이지 μ•ŠλŠ” 세계도 섀계할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
and also thinking about how they interact
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λ˜ν•œ 미생물이 우리의 개인적인 μƒνƒœκ³„μ™€
00:36
with our personal ecosystems.
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ꡐλ₯˜ν•˜λŠ”지도 생각할 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
00:39
Our bodies are home to trillions of microbes,
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우리 λͺΈμ—λŠ” 1μ‘° κ°œκ°€ λ„˜λŠ” 미생물이 μ‚΄κ³  있고,
00:43
and these creatures define who we are.
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이 미생물듀이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λˆ„κ΅¬μΈμ§€λ₯Ό μ •μ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:45
The microbes in your gut can influence your weight and your moods.
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μž₯μ†μ˜ 미생물은 λͺΈλ¬΄κ²Œμ™€ 기뢄에 영ν–₯을 끼칠 수 μžˆμ§€μš”.
00:49
The microbes on your skin can help boost your immune system.
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ν”ΌλΆ€ μœ„ 미생물은 면역체계λ₯Ό μ¦μ§„μ‹œν‚€λŠ”λ° 도움이 될 수 μžˆκ³ μš”.
00:53
The microbes in your mouth can freshen your breath,
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μž…μ†μ— μžˆλŠ” 미생물은 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ μˆ¨μ„ μƒμΎŒν•˜κ²Œ,
00:56
or not,
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λ˜λŠ” λΆˆμΎŒν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
and the key thing is that our personal ecosystems
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은 우리의 개인적인 μƒνƒœκ³„κ°€
01:00
interact with ecosystems on everything we touch.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ§Œμ§€λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  사물에 μžˆλŠ” μƒνƒœκ³„μ™€ ꡐλ₯˜ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것이죠.
01:03
So, for example, when you touch a pencil,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 연필을 만질 λ•Œ
01:05
microbial exchange happens.
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미생물 ꡐλ₯˜κ°€ μΌμ–΄λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
If we can design the invisible ecosystems in our surroundings,
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우리λ₯Ό λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹Ό ν™˜κ²½μ˜ 보이지 μ•ŠλŠ” μƒνƒœκ³„λ₯Ό 섀계할 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
01:12
this opens a path to influencing
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우리의 건강에 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ  수 μžˆλŠ”
01:15
our health in unprecedented ways.
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이둀적인 길을 μ—΄μ–΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:18
I get asked all of the time from people,
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μ €λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 늘 이런 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
"Is it possible to really design microbial ecosystems?"
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"미생물 μƒνƒœκ³„λ₯Ό μ •λ§λ‘œ 섀계할 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?"
01:25
And I believe the answer is yes.
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μ €λŠ” κ·Έ 닡이 '예'라고 λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
I think we're doing it right now,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§€κΈˆ 그일을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:29
but we're doing it unconsciously.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ¬΄μ˜μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ 그일을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ§€μš”.
01:33
I'm going to share data with you
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μ΄μ œλΆ€ν„° ꡬ쑰에 μ΄ˆμ μ„ 맞좘
01:35
from one aspect of my research focused on architecture
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제 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 일뢀 자료λ₯Ό 톡해
01:38
that demonstrates how, through both conscious
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μ˜μ‹μ μΈ 섀계와
01:41
and unconscious design,
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λ¬΄μ˜μ‹μ μΈ 섀계λ₯Ό 톡해 ꡬ쑰가
01:44
we're impacting these invisible worlds.
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이 보이지 μ•ŠλŠ” 세상에 μ–΄λ–€ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ”μ§€ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦΄κ»˜μš”.
01:47
This is the Lillis Business Complex at the University of Oregon,
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μ—¬κΈ°λŠ” 였리건 λŒ€ν•™μ— μžˆλŠ” 릴리 μ‚¬μ—…λ‹¨μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:51
and I worked with a team of architects and biologists
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μ €λŠ” 건좕가와 μƒλ¬Όν•™μžλ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λœ νŒ€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜
01:53
to sample over 300 rooms in this building.
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이 건물의 300κ°œκ°€ λ„˜λŠ” λ°©μ—μ„œ μƒ˜ν”Œμ„ μ±„μ·¨ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
We wanted to get something like a fossil record of the building,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ±΄λ¬Όμ—μ„œ 화석 기둝과 같은 κ±Έ μ–»κ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:02
and to do this, we sampled dust.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 먼지λ₯Ό μ±„μ·¨ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
From the dust, we pulled out bacterial cells,
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λ¨Όμ§€μ—μ„œ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„ 세포λ₯Ό μΆ”μΆœν•˜μ—¬,
02:09
broke them open, and compared their gene sequences.
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세포λ₯Ό λΆ„ν•΄ν•΄μ„œ μœ μ „μž μ„œμ—΄μ„ λΉ„κ΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:12
This means that people in my group
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말인 μ¦‰μŠ¨ 저와 ν•¨κ»˜ μΌν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
02:14
were doing a lot of vacuuming during this project.
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이 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ μ§„κ³΅μ²­μ†ŒκΈ°λ₯Ό 많이 μΌλ‹€λŠ” 뜻이죠.
02:17
This is a picture of Tim, who,
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이건 νŒ€μ˜ 사진인데
02:20
right when I snapped this picture, reminded me,
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μ œκ°€ 이 사진을 μ°λŠ” μˆœκ°„,
02:22
he said, "Jessica, the last lab group I worked in
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"κ΅μˆ˜λ‹˜, μ œκ°€ 전에 μΌν–ˆλ˜ μ—°κ΅¬μ‹€μ—μ„œλŠ”
02:25
I was doing fieldwork in the Costa Rican rainforest,
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μ½”μŠ€νƒ€λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ μ—΄λŒ€μš°λ¦Όμ—μ„œ μΌν–ˆμ§€μš”.
02:28
and things have changed dramatically for me."
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κ·Έλ•Œμ™€λŠ” 정말 λ‹€λ₯Έ 일을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ„€μš”." λΌλ”κ΅°μš”.
02:32
So I'm going to show you now first what we found in the offices,
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저희가 μ‚¬λ¬΄μ‹€μ—μ„œ λ°œκ²¬ν•œ 것을 λ¨Όμ € λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬μžλ©΄,
02:35
and we're going to look at the data through a visualization tool
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μ‹œκ°ν™” 도ꡬλ₯Ό 톡해 λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦΄ν…λ°
02:38
that I've been working on in partnership with Autodesk.
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μ΄λŠ” μ˜€ν† λ°μŠ€ν¬λ‘œ μž‘μ—…ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:42
The way that you look at this data is,
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이 자료λ₯Ό λ³΄λŠ” 방법은
02:44
first, look around the outside of the circle.
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λ¨Όμ € μ›μ˜ λ°”κΉ₯을 λ‘˜λŸ¬λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
02:48
You'll see broad bacterial groups,
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폭넓은 λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„ ꡰ듀을 보싀 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:51
and if you look at the shape of this pink lobe,
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뢄홍색 λŒμΆœλΆ€μ˜ λͺ¨μ–‘을 λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄
02:54
it tells you something about the relative abundance of each group.
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μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ 각 ꡰ듀에 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 많이 λΆ„ν¬ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œκ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
So at 12 o'clock, you'll see that offices have a lot of
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 사무싀은 12μ‹œ λ°©ν–₯에
02:59
alphaproteobacteria, and at one o'clock
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μ•ŒνŒŒν”„λ‘œν…Œμ˜€ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„κ°€ 많이 있고, 1μ‹œ λ°©ν–₯μ—λŠ”
03:02
you'll see that bacilli are relatively rare.
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균듀이 μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ 적게 μžˆμŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:06
Let's take a look at what's going on in different space types in this building.
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이 건물의 λ‹€λ₯Έ κ³΅κ°„μ—μ„œλŠ” μ–΄λ–€ 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ”μ§€ λ³΄μ‹œμ£ .
03:11
If you look inside the restrooms,
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ν™”μž₯μ‹€ μ•ˆμ„ 보면
03:13
they all have really similar ecosystems,
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λͺ¨λ‘ 정말 λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ μƒνƒœκ³„λ₯Ό κ°–κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
and if you were to look inside the classrooms,
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ꡐ싀 μ•ˆμ„ 보면
03:18
those also have similar ecosystems.
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ꡐ싀도 λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ μƒνƒœκ³„λ₯Ό κ°–κ³  있죠.
03:21
But if you look across these space types,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이런 곡간 ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λ©΄
03:23
you can see that they're fundamentally different
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κ·Όλ³Έμ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯΄λ‹€λŠ” 것을
03:26
from one another.
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μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
I like to think of bathrooms like a tropical rainforest.
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μ €λŠ” μš•μ‹€μ„ μ—΄λŒ€ 우림으둜 μƒκ°ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄μš”.
03:31
I told Tim, "If you could just see the microbes,
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μ œκ°€ νŒ€ν•œν…Œ λ§ν–ˆμ£ . "λ―Έμƒλ¬Όλ§Œ λ³Έλ‹€λ©΄
03:33
it's kind of like being in Costa Rica. Kind of."
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μ½”μŠ€νƒ€ 리카에 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ 느껴질 κ±°μ—μš”."
03:37
And I also like to think of offices as being a temperate grassland.
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μ €λŠ” 또 사무싀을 μ˜¨λŒ€ ν’€λ°­μœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:42
This perspective is a really powerful one for designers,
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이런 μ‹œκ°μ€ μ„€κ³„μžμ—κ²Œ 정말 힘이 λ˜λŠ” 관점이죠.
03:46
because you can bring on principles of ecology,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μƒνƒœν•™μ˜ 원리λ₯Ό μ μš©ν•  수 μžˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
03:50
and a really important principle of ecology is dispersal,
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μƒνƒœν•™μ—μ„œ 정말 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ›λ¦¬λŠ” μ „νŒŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
the way organisms move around.
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생물이 μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ” 방식이죠.
03:55
We know that microbes are dispersed around by people
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 미생물이 μ‚¬λžŒκ³Ό
03:59
and by air.
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곡기λ₯Ό 톡해 μ „νŒŒλœλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
So the very first thing we wanted to do in this building
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이 κ±΄λ¬Όμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ λ¨Όμ € ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆλ˜ 일은
04:03
was look at the air system.
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톡풍 μž₯치λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
04:05
Mechanical engineers design air handling units
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기계 κ³΅ν•™μžλ“€μ€ 곡기λ₯Ό μœ ν†΅μ‹œν‚€λŠ” μž₯μΉ˜κ°€
04:08
to make sure that people are comfortable,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ νŽΈμ•ˆν•˜κ³ 
04:11
that the air flow and temperature is just right.
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곡기가 ν†΅ν•˜κ³  μ˜¨λ„κ°€ μ•Œλ§žλ„λ‘ μ„€κ³„ν•˜μ£ .
04:13
They do this using principles of physics and chemistry,
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기계 κ³΅ν•™μžλ“€μ€ 물리와 ν™”ν•™ 원리λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄μ„œ 섀계λ₯Ό ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
04:17
but they could also be using biology.
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생물학을 μ΄μš©ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:21
If you look at the microbes
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이 κ±΄λ¬Όμ—μ„œ 곡기λ₯Ό μœ ν†΅μ‹œν‚€λŠ”
04:23
in one of the air handling units in this building,
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μž₯치 속에 μžˆλŠ” 미생물을 보면
04:26
you'll see that they're all very similar to one another.
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μ„œλ‘œ μ•„μ£Ό λΉ„μŠ·ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:30
And if you compare this to the microbes
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 곡기 μœ ν†΅ μž₯치 속에 μžˆλŠ”
04:34
in a different air handling unit,
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미생물과 λΉ„κ΅ν•˜λ©΄
04:36
you'll see that they're fundamentally different.
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근본적으둜 λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:39
The rooms in this building are like islands in an archipelago,
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이 건물에 μžˆλŠ” 방듀은 마치 닀도해에 μžˆλŠ” 섬듀과 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:42
and what that means is that mechanical engineers
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즉 기계 κ³΅ν•™μžλ“€μ€
04:45
are like eco-engineers, and they have the ability
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μƒνƒœ κ³΅ν•™μžμ™€ κ°™λ‹€λŠ” 뜻이죠. 기계 κ³΅ν•™μžλ“€μ€
04:48
to structure biomes in this building the way that they want to.
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이 κ±΄λ¬Όμ—μ„œ 그듀이 μ›ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€λ‘œ 생물ꡰ계λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:53
Another facet of how microbes get around is by people,
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미생물이 λŒμ•„λ‹€λ‹ˆλŠ” λ°©λ²•μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•œλ©΄μ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ λ•Œλ¬ΈμΈλ°
04:57
and designers often cluster rooms together
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μ„€κ³„μžλ“€μ€ λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ μ—¬λŸ¬ 개의 방을 ν•œ 무리둜 λ¬Άμ–΄
05:00
to facilitate interactions among people,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ ꡐλ₯˜κ°€ 쉽도둝 ν•˜κ³ 
05:03
or the sharing of ideas, like in labs and in offices.
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μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€κ³Ό μ‚¬λ¬΄μ‹€μ—μ„œ 생각을 κ΅ν™˜ν•˜κΈ° μ‰½κ²Œ ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:06
Given that microbes travel around with people,
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미생물이 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μ΄λ™ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μƒκ°ν•˜λ©΄
05:09
you might expect to see rooms that are close together
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κ°€κΉŒμ΄ μžˆλŠ” 방듀은 μ•„μ£Ό λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 생물ꡰ계λ₯Ό
05:11
have really similar biomes.
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가지고 μžˆμŒμ„ μΆ”μΈ‘ν•  수 있겠죠.
05:14
And that is exactly what we found.
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그것이 저희가 λ°œκ²¬ν•œ μ‚¬μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:16
If you look at classrooms right adjacent to one another,
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μ„œλ‘œ λΆ™μ–΄μžˆλŠ” ꡐ싀을 보면
05:19
they have very similar ecosystems,
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정말 λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ μƒνƒœκ³„λ₯Ό κ°–κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:21
but if you go to an office
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ•„μ£Ό 멀리 떨어진
05:25
that is a farther walking distance away,
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μ‚¬λ¬΄μ‹€λ‘œ κ°€λ©΄
05:28
the ecosystem is fundamentally different.
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μƒνƒœκ³„λŠ” 근본적으둜 λ‹¬λΌμ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:30
And when I see the power that dispersal has
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ „νŒŒκ°€
05:35
on these biogeographic patterns,
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이듀 생물 지리학적 ν˜•νƒœμ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” νž˜μ„ λ³Ό λ•Œ
05:37
it makes me think that it's possible
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μ €λŠ” λ³‘μ›μ—μ„œ 감염이 λ˜λŠ” 것과 같은
05:40
to tackle really challenging problems,
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정말 μ–΄λ €μš΄ 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•  수
05:44
like hospital-acquired infections.
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μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:46
I believe this has got to be, in part,
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이것은 λΆ€λΆ„μ μœΌλ‘œ
05:49
a building ecology problem.
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μƒνƒœν•™ 문제λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:52
All right, I'm going to tell you one more story about this building.
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μ’‹μ•„μš”. 이 건물에 κ΄€ν•œ 이야기λ₯Ό ν•˜λ‚˜ 더 ν•΄λ“œλ¦¬μ£ .
05:56
I am collaborating with Charlie Brown.
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μ €λŠ” 찰리 브라운과 ν•¨κ»˜ μΌν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:59
He's an architect,
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κ·ΈλŠ” 건좕가이고
06:01
and Charlie is deeply concerned about global climate change.
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세계적인 κΈ°ν›„ 변화에 λ§Žμ€ 관심을 κ°–κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:06
He's dedicated his life to sustainable design.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 지속가λŠ₯ν•œ 섀계에 삢을 λ°”μΉ˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:09
When he met me and realized that it was possible for him
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κ·Έκ°€ μ €λ₯Ό λ§Œλ‚˜
06:12
to study in a quantitative way
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그의 섀계가
06:15
how his design choices impacted
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이 건물의 μƒνƒœν•™κ³Ό 생물학에 μ–΄λ–€ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ”μ§€
06:17
the ecology and biology of this building,
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μ–‘μ μœΌλ‘œ 뢄석이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것을 κΉ¨λ‹¬μ•˜μ„ λ•Œ
06:20
he got really excited, because it added a new dimension to what he did.
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μ•„μ£Ό ν₯λΆ„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 차원을 λ”ν•œ μ…ˆμ΄μ—ˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
06:25
He went from thinking just about energy
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ— κ΄€ν•΄μ„œλ§Œ μƒκ°ν•˜λ‹€κ°€
06:26
to also starting to think about human health.
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μ΄μ œλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ κ±΄κ°•κΉŒμ§€ μƒκ°ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:30
He helped design some of the air handling systems
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κ·ΈλŠ” 이 건물의 λͺ‡λͺ‡ 곡기 μœ ν†΅ μž₯μΉ˜μ™€
06:34
in this building and the way it was ventilated.
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곡기가 μœ ν†΅λ˜λ˜ 방식을 μ„€κ³„ν•˜λŠ”λ° 도움을 μ€¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:36
So what I'm first going to show you is
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ œκ°€ μš°μ„  λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ” 것은
06:39
air that we sampled outside of the building.
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건물 λ°–μ—μ„œ μ±„μ·¨ν•œ κ³΅κΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:42
What you're looking at is a signature of bacterial communities
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 보고 κ³„μ‹œλŠ” 것은 λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„ ꡰ듀이
06:46
in the outdoor air, and how they vary over time.
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λ°”κΉ₯ κ³΅κΈ°μ—μ„œ μ‹œκ°„μ— 따라 λ³€ν™”ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨μŠ΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:50
Next I'm going to show you what happened
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λ‹€μŒμ€ μ‹€ν—˜μœΌλ‘œ μ‘°μž‘ν•œ κ΅μ‹€μ—μ„œ
06:53
when we experimentally manipulated classrooms.
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μ–΄λ–€ 일이 λ²Œμ–΄μ§€λŠ”μ§€ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬μ£ .
06:57
We blocked them off at night
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밀에 ꡐ싀을 λ§‰μ•„μ„œ
06:59
so that they got no ventilation.
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곡기가 ν†΅ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ²Œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:01
A lot of buildings are operated this way,
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λ§Žμ€ 건물듀이 이런 μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 쑰절이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:03
probably where you work,
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μ•„λ§ˆ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μΌν•˜λŠ” 곳도 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€κ΅¬μš”.
07:05
and companies do this to save money on their energy bill.
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νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ€ μ „κΈ°μ„Έλ₯Ό μ•„λ‚„λ €κ³  κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:08
What we found is that these rooms remained relatively stagnant
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이듀 ꡐ싀듀은 ν† μš”μΌμ— ν™˜κΈ°λ₯Ό μ‹œν‚¬ λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€
07:12
until Saturday, when we opened the vents up again.
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μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ 정체가 λ˜μ–΄μžˆμŒμ„ μ•Œμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:15
When you walked into those rooms,
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이 κ΅μ‹€λ‘œ λ“€μ–΄κ°€λ©΄
07:16
they smelled really bad,
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정말 μ•ˆ 쒋은 λƒ„μƒˆκ°€ λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:18
and our data suggests that it had something to do with
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 가진 자료λ₯Ό 보면
07:21
leaving behind the airborne bacterial soup
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κ·Έ μ „λ‚  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œμ„œ λ‚˜μ˜¨ μ„Έκ·  덩어리λ₯Ό
07:25
from people the day before.
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곡기 쀑에 내버렀둔 것과 관련이 μžˆμŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:27
Contrast this to rooms
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μ΄μ™€λŠ” λ°˜λŒ€λ‘œ
07:29
that were designed using a sustainable passive design strategy
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지속가λŠ₯ν•œ μžμ—°ν˜• μ„€κ³„μ „λž΅μ— 따라 μ„€κ³„ν•œ 방은
07:34
where air came in from the outside through louvers.
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λ°”κΉ₯μ—μ„œ 곡기가 미늘창으둜 λ“€μ–΄μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:37
In these rooms, the air tracked the outdoor air relatively well,
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이런 λ°©μ—μ„œλŠ” λ°”κΉ₯ 곡기가 μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ 잘 λ“€μ–΄μ™”κ³ 
07:42
and when Charlie saw this, he got really excited.
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찰리가 이걸 봀을 λ•Œ 정말 κΈ°λ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:44
He felt like he had made a good choice
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κ·ΈλŠ” 섀계 κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ
07:47
with the design process
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쒋은 선택을 ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  λŠκΌˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:48
because it was both energy efficient
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ—λ„ˆμ§€ νš¨μœ¨λ„ μ’‹μ•˜κ³ 
07:51
and it washed away the building's resident microbial landscape.
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건물에 μ‚΄κ³  있던 미생물도 씻겨 λ‚˜κ°”μœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
07:56
The examples that I just gave you are about architecture,
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μ œκ°€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦° μ˜ˆλŠ” 건좕에 κ΄€ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ§€λ§Œ
07:59
but they're relevant to the design of anything.
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λͺ¨λ“  섀계와도 관련이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:01
Imagine designing with the kinds of microbes that we want
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°λ‚˜
08:06
in a plane
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μ „ν™”κΈ°μ—μ„œ μ›ν•˜λŠ” 미생물을
08:07
or on a phone.
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μ„€κ³„ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒμƒν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
08:10
There's a new microbe, I just discovered it.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 미생물이 μžˆλŠ”λ° μ œκ°€ 방금 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:12
It's called BLIS, and it's been shown
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그것은 λΈ”λ¦¬μŠ€(BLIS)라고 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ”데
08:15
to both ward off pathogens
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병원균을 물리치고
08:18
and give you good breath.
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μˆ¨μ„ μƒμΎŒν•˜κ²Œ ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:20
Wouldn't it be awesome if we all had BLIS on our phones?
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘ 전화기에 λΈ”λ¦¬μŠ€λ₯Ό κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ’‹μ„κΉŒμš”?
08:26
A conscious approach to design,
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μ˜μ‹μ μΈ 접근을 ν†΅ν•œ 섀계,
08:28
I'm calling it bioinformed design,
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μ €λŠ” 그것을 생물학적 정보가 반영된 섀계라고 λΆ€λ₯΄λ©°,
08:31
and I think it's possible.
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μ‹€ν˜„ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 일이라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:32
Thank you.
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κ³ λ§™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:34
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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