Phil Borges: Documenting our endangered cultures

27,670 views ใƒป 2007-01-12

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:25
A fact
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ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
00:27
came out of MIT,
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ื™ืฆืื” ืžMIT,
00:30
couple of years ago. Ken Hale,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื. ืงืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืœ,
00:32
who's a linguist,
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ื‘ืœืฉืŸ ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•,
00:34
said that of the 6,000 languages
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ืืžืจ ืฉืžืชื•ืš 6,000 ื”ืฉืคื•ืช
00:37
spoken on Earth right now,
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ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
00:39
3,000 aren't spoken by the children.
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3,000 ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
00:42
So that in one generation,
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ื›ืš ืฉืชื•ืš ื“ื•ืจ ืื—ื“,
00:45
we're going to halve our cultural diversity.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืื‘ื“ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
00:49
He went on to say
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ื˜ืขืŸ
00:51
that every two weeks,
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ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื,
00:53
an elder goes to the grave
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ื–ืงืŸ ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืขื•ืœืžื•
00:55
carrying the last spoken word
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ื•ื ื•ืฉื ืขืžื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”
00:57
of that culture.
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ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช.
00:59
So an entire philosophy,
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ื›ืš, ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ืฉืœืžื”,
01:04
a body of knowledge about the natural world
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ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ื˜ื‘ืข
01:06
that had been empirically gleaned over centuries,
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ืฉืœื•ืงื˜ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืžืคื™ืจื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื,
01:10
goes away.
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ื ืขืœื.
01:12
And this happens every two weeks.
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ื•ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื.
01:16
So for the last 20 years,
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืžื”ืœืš 20 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
01:18
since my dental experience,
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ืžืื– ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื“ื ื˜ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื™,
01:21
I have been traveling the world
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ืื ื™ ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื
01:24
and coming back
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ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจ
01:26
with stories about some of these people.
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ืขื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
01:28
What I'd like to do right now
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืขืช
01:30
is share some of those stories with you.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื—ืœื•ืง ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืื™ืชื›ื.
01:33
This is Tamdin.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื˜ืžื“ื™ืŸ.
01:35
She is a 69-year-old nun.
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ื”ื™ื ื ื–ื™ืจื” ื‘ืช 69.
01:39
She was thrown in prison in Tibet for two years
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ื”ื™ื ื ื›ืœืื” ื‘ื˜ื™ื‘ื˜ ืœืžืฉืš ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื
01:42
for putting up a little tiny placard
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืชืœืชื” ื›ืจื–ื” ืงื˜ื ื”
01:44
protesting the occupation of her country.
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ื”ืžื•ื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื”.
01:48
And when I met her, she had just
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ื›ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืื•ืชื”, ื”ื™ื ื–ื” ืขืชื”
01:51
taken a walk over the Himalayas
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ื—ืฆืชื” ื‘ืจื’ืœ ืืช ื”ืจื™ ื”ื”ื™ืžืœืื™ื”
01:53
from Lhasa, the capital of Tibet,
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ืžืœื”ืกื”, ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื‘ื˜,
01:56
into Nepal, across to India --
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ืœืชื•ืš ื ืคืืœ, ื•ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื•ื“ื•-
01:58
30 days --
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30 ื™ืžื™ื-
02:00
to meet her leader, the Dalai Lama.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืฉืœื”, ื”ื“ืœืื™ ืœืืžื”.
02:03
The Dalai Lama lives in Dharamsala, India.
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ื”ื“ืœืื™ ืœืืžื” ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ื“ืจืžืกืœื” ืฉื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•.
02:05
So I took this picture three days
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ืื– ืฆื™ืœืžืชื™ ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื
02:07
after she arrived,
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื”,
02:09
and she had this beat-up pair of tennis shoes on,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื ืขืœื” ื–ื•ื’ ื ืขืœื™ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื—ื‘ื•ื˜ื•ืช,
02:11
with her toes sticking out.
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ืขื ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”.
02:13
And she crossed in March,
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ื”ื™ื ื—ืฆืชื” ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืจืฅ,
02:15
and there's a lot of snow at 18,500 feet in March.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื“ ืฉืœื’ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” 5,600 ืžื˜ืจ ื‘ืžืจืฅ.
02:20
This is Paldin.
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ื–ื”ื• ืคืืœื“ื™ืŸ.
02:22
Paldin is a 62-year-old monk.
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ืคืืœื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ื–ื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ 62.
02:24
And he spent 33 years in prison.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืœื” 33 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื.
02:28
His whole monastery was thrown into prison
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื”- ื›ืœ ื”ืžื ื–ืจ ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ืฉืœืš ืœื›ืœื
02:31
at the time of the uprising,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืชืงื•ืžืžื•ืช,
02:34
when the Dalai Lama had to leave
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ื›ืฉื”ื“ืœืื™ ืœืืžื” ื ืืœืฅ ืœืขื–ื•ื‘
02:37
Tibet.
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ืืช ื˜ื™ื‘ื˜.
02:39
And
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ื•ื”ื•ื
02:41
he was beaten, starved,
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ื”ื•ื›ื”, ื”ื•ืจืขื‘,
02:44
tortured -- lost all his teeth while in prison.
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ืขื•ื ื”- ืื™ื‘ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื™ื• ื‘ื›ืœื.
02:46
And when I met him, he was a kind gentle old man.
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ื•ื›ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืื•ืชื•, ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืฉ ื–ืงืŸ, ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื‘.
02:50
And it really impressed me --
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ื–ื” ื”ืจืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืžืื“-
02:52
I met him two weeks after he got out of prison --
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ืื ื™ ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื™ืฆื ืžื”ื›ืœื-
02:55
that he went through that experience, and ended up
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•, ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื”
02:57
with the demeanor that he had.
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ืฉืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื’ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื•.
03:00
So I was in Dharamsala meeting these people,
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ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื“ืจืžืกืœื” ื•ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื•,
03:03
and I'd spent about five weeks there,
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ื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ื‘ืขืจืš ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉื,
03:06
and I was hearing these similar stories
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ื•ื”ืงืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื•
03:08
of these refugees that had poured out of Tibet
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ืฉืœ ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉื ืžืœื˜ื• ื‘ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื”ื ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื˜
03:11
into Dharamsala.
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ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื“ืจืžืกืœื”.
03:13
And it just so happened, on the fifth week,
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ื•ืจืฆื” ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ, ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™
03:16
there was a public teaching by the Dalai Lama.
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ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืคืชื•ื— ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืœืื™ ืœืืžื”.
03:20
And
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ื•-
03:22
I was watching this crowd of monks and nuns,
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ื”ื•ื- ืื ื™ ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ืชื™ ื“ืจืš ืงื”ืœ ืฉืœ ื ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื•ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช,
03:25
many of which I had just interviewed,
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ืจืื™ื™ื ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœืคื ื™,
03:27
and heard their stories,
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ื•ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
03:29
and I watched their faces,
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ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ืชื™ ื‘ืคื ื™ื”ื,
03:32
and they gave us a little FM radio,
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ื ืชื ื• ืœื ื• ืจื“ื™ื• FM ืงื˜ืŸ,
03:34
and we could listen to the translation of his teachings.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืื–ื™ืŸ ืœืชืจื’ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœื•.
03:37
And what he said was:
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ื”ื™ื”,
03:39
treat your enemies as if they were precious jewels,
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ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœืš ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืื‘ื ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช,
03:43
because it's your enemies
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืืœื• ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœืš
03:45
that build your tolerance and patience
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ืฉืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื‘ืš ืืช ื”ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœื ื•ืช
03:48
on the road to your enlightenment.
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ื‘ื“ืจื›ืš ืœื”ืืจื”.
03:52
That hit me so hard,
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ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™- ื–ื” ื”ื›ื” ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ื–ืง,
03:56
telling these people that had been through this experience.
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ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื–ื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•.
04:00
So, two months later, I went into
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ืื– ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืืœ ืชื•ืš
04:03
Tibet, and I started
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ื˜ื™ื‘ื˜, ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™
04:05
interviewing the people there, taking my photographs. That's what I do.
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ืœืจืื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื, ืœืฆืœื ืื•ืชื. ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื”.
04:08
I interview and do portraits.
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ืจืš ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืฆืœื ื“ื™ื•ืงื ืื•ืช.
04:11
And this is a little girl.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื™ืœื“ื” ืงื˜ื ื”.
04:13
I took her portrait up on top of the Jokhang Temple.
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ืฆื™ืœืžืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืจืืฉ ืžืงื“ืฉ ื’'ื•ืงืื ื’.
04:16
And I'd snuck in --
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ื•ื”ื’ื ื‘ืชื™ ืคื ื™ืžื”-
04:18
because it's totally illegal to have a picture of the Dalai Lama in Tibet --
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืœืื™ ืœืืžื” ื‘ื˜ื™ื‘ื˜-
04:23
it's the quickest way you can get arrested.
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ื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื™ืขืฆืจ.
04:26
So I snuck in a bunch of little wallet-sized pictures of the Dalai Lama,
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ืื– ื”ื’ื ื‘ืชื™ ืคื ื™ืžื” ื›ืžื” ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืœืื™ ืœืืžื”,
04:29
and I would hand them out.
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ื•ื—ื™ืœืงืชื™ ืื•ืชื.
04:31
And when I gave them to the people,
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ื•ื›ืฉื ืชืชื™ ืื•ืชื ืœืื ืฉื™ื,
04:34
they'd either hold them to their heart,
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ื”ื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื• ืื•ืชื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืœื™ื‘ื,
04:36
or they'd hold them up to their head and just stay there.
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ืื• ืฉื”ืจื™ืžื• ืื•ืชื ืืœ ืจืืฉื ื•ื ืฉืืจื• ื›ืš.
04:39
And this is --
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ื•ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ
04:41
well, at the time -- I did this 10 years ago --
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ื‘ื–ืžื ื•- ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ืœืคื ื™ 10 ืฉื ื™ื-
04:43
that was 36 years after the Dalai Lama had left.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” 36 ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื“ืœืื™ ืœืืžื” ืขื–ื‘.
04:48
So
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ืื–
04:49
I was going in, interviewing these people and doing their portraits.
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ื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืคื ื™ืžื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื•ืœืฆืœื ืื•ืชื.
04:53
This is Jigme and her sister, Sonam.
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ื–ื• ื’'ื™ื’ืžื™ ื•ืื—ื•ืชื”, ืกื•ื ืื.
04:55
And they live up on the Chang Tang, the Tibetan Plateau,
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ื•ื”ื ื’ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ืฆ'ืื ื’ ื˜ืื ื’, ื”ืจืžื” ื”ื˜ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ืช,
04:58
way in the western part of the country.
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ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
05:01
This is at 17,000 feet.
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ื–ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” 5200 ืžื˜ืจ.
05:03
And they had just come down from the high pastures,
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ื•ื”ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื™ืจื“ื• ืžื›ืจื™ ื”ืžืจืขื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื,
05:06
at 18,000 feet.
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ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” 5500 ืžื˜ืจ.
05:08
Same thing: gave her a picture,
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ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ: ื ืชืชื™ ืœื” ืชืžื•ื ื”,
05:10
she held it up to her forehead.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื” ืื•ืชื” ืœื™ื“ ื”ืžืฆื—.
05:12
And I usually hand out Polaroids
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื—ืœืง ืคื•ืœืืจื•ื™ื™ื“ื™ื
05:15
when I do these, because I'm setting up lights,
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ืืœื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช,
05:17
and checking my lights,
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ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืง ืืช ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื™,
05:19
and when I showed her her Polaroid, she screamed and ran into her tent.
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ืจืืชื™ ืœื” ืชืžื•ื ืช ืคื•ืœืืจื•ื™ื™ื“, ื”ื™ื ืฆืจื—ื” ื•ืจืฆื” ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ื”ืœ.
05:24
This is Tenzin Gyatso;
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ื–ื” ื˜ื ื–ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืกื•,
05:26
he was found to be the Buddha of Compassion at the age of two,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื’ืœื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืžืœื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื,
05:30
out in a peasant's house,
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืื™ื›ืจื™ื,
05:33
way out in the middle of nowhere.
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ื”ืจื—ืง ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื.
05:35
At the age of four, he was installed
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ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืืจื‘ืข, ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื›ืจื–
05:37
as the 14th Dalai Lama.
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ื›ื“ืœืื™ ืœืืžื” ื”14.
05:40
As a teenager, he faced
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ื›ื ืขืจ, ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“
05:42
the invasion of his country,
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ืขื ื”ืคืœื™ืฉื” ืœืืจืฆื•,
05:44
and had to deal with it -- he was the leader of the country.
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื–ื” -- ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
05:47
Eight years later, when they discovered there was a plot
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ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืฉื’ื™ืœื• ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืžื–ื™ืžื”
05:49
to kill him,
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ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืื•ืชื•,
05:51
they dressed him up like a beggar
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ื”ื ื”ืœื‘ื™ืฉื• ืื•ืชื• ื›ืžื• ืงื‘ืฆืŸ
05:53
and snuck him out of the country on horseback,
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ื•ื”ื’ื ื™ื‘ื• ืื•ืชื• ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ ืกื•ืก,
05:56
and took the same trip that Tamdin did.
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ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืืช ืื•ืชื• ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉื˜ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืขืฉืชื”.
05:59
And he's never been back to his country since.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ -- ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื—ื–ืจ ืœืืจืฆื• ืžืื–.
06:03
And
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ื•ืื
06:05
if you think about this man,
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ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื”,
06:07
46 years later,
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46 ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
06:09
still sticking
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืง
06:11
to this non-violent response
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ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืœื ืืœื™ืžื”
06:15
to a severe political and human rights issue.
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ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื.
06:19
And the young people,
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ื•ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื,
06:21
young Tibetans, are starting to say, listen, this doesn't work.
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ื˜ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื, ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“, ืชืงืฉื™ื‘ื•, ื–ื” ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“.
06:24
You know, violence as a political tool
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืืœ -- ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื›ื›ืœื™ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™
06:26
is all the rage right now.
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ื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื™ืค ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
06:28
And
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ื•ื”ื•ื
06:31
he still is holding this line.
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืงื• ื”ื–ื”.
06:33
So this is our icon
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ืื– ื–ื” ื”ืื™ื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•
06:35
to non-violence in our world --
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ืœืื™ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื ื• --
06:38
one of our living icons.
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืื™ื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
06:41
This is another leader of his people.
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ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
06:43
This is Moi. This is in the Ecuadorian Amazon.
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ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื™. ื–ื” ื‘ืืžื–ื•ื ืืก ื‘ืืงื•ื•ื“ื•ืจ.
06:46
And Moi is 35 years old.
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ื•ืžื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืŸ 35.
06:49
And
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ื•ื”ืื–ื•ืจ
06:51
this area of the Ecuadorian Amazon --
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ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื–ื•ื ืืก ื‘ืืงื•ื•ื“ื•ืจ --
06:53
oil was discovered in 1972.
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ื ืคื˜ ื”ืชื’ืœื” ื‘1972.
06:56
And in this period of time -- since that time --
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ื•ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื• -- ืžืื– ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ --
06:59
as much oil, or twice as much oil
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ืื•ืชื” ื›ืžื•ืช ื ืคื˜, ืื• ื›ืžื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื ืคื˜,
07:02
as was spilled in the Exxon Valdez accident,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื“ืœืฃ ื‘ืืกื•ืŸ ืืงืกื•ืŸ ื•ืœื“ื–
07:05
was spilled in this little area of the Amazon,
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ื“ืœืฃ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื–ื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื–ื•ื ืก,
07:08
and the tribes in this area have constantly had to move.
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ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื–ื•ื– ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘.
07:12
And Moi
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ื•ืžื•ื™
07:14
belongs to the Huaorani tribe,
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ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ื”ืื•ืจื ื™,
07:16
and they're known as
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื
07:18
very fierce, they're known as "auca."
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ื›ืชื•ืงืคื ื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื“, ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื›"ืืื•ืงื”."
07:20
And they've managed to keep out
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ื•ื”ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื‘ืจื™ื—
07:23
the seismologists and the oil workers
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ืืช ื”ืกื™ืกืžื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื•ืืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ ื”ื ืคื˜
07:25
with spears and blowguns.
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ืขื ื—ื ื™ืชื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ืฆื™ ื ืฉื™ืคื”.
07:28
And we spent --
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ื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ --
07:30
I was with a team --
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื• -- ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื ืฆื•ื•ืช --
07:33
two weeks with these guys out in the jungle
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ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืืœื” ื‘ื’'ื•ื ื’ืœ
07:36
watching them hunt.
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ืฆืคื™ืชื™ ื‘ื”ื ืฆื“ื™ื.
07:38
This was on a monkey hunt,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฆื™ื™ื“ ืงื•ืฃ,
07:40
hunting with curare-tipped darts.
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ืฆื“ื• ืขื ื—ื™ืฆื™ื ืขื ืงืฆื” ืงื•ืจืจื”.
07:43
And the knowledge that these people have
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ื•ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”
07:46
about the natural environment is incredible.
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ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
07:48
They could hear things, smell things, see things I couldn't see.
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ื”ื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืœื”ืจื™ื— ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืœืจืื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช.
07:52
And I couldn't even see the monkeys
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื•ืคื™ื
07:54
that they were
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ื‘ื”ื ืคื’ืขื•
07:56
getting with these darts.
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ืขื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
08:00
This is Yadira,
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ื–ื• ื™ื“ื™ืจื”,
08:02
and Yadira is
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ื•ื™ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื
08:04
five years old. She's in a
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ื‘ืช ื—ืžืฉ. ื”ื™ื ื‘-
08:07
tribe that's neighboring the Huaorani.
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ืฉื‘ื˜ ืฉื›ืŸ ืœื”ืื•ืื•ืจื ื™.
08:10
And her tribe has had to move
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ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ
08:12
three times in the last 10 years because of the oil spills.
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ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘10 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื“ืœื™ืคื•ืช ื ืคื˜.
08:16
And we never hear about that. And the latest
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”. ื•ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื”
08:19
infraction against these people is,
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ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื™ื,
08:22
as part of Plan Colombia,
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ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ื”,
08:24
we're spraying Paraquat or Round Up, whatever it is --
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจืกืกื™ื ืคืจืืงืื˜ ืื• ืจืื•ื ื“-ืืค, ืื• ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” --
08:27
we're defoliating thousands of acres
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกื™ืจื™ื ืขืœื•ื•ื” ืžืืœืคื™ ื“ื•ื ืžื™ื
08:30
of the Ecuadorian Amazon
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ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื–ื•ื ืืก ื”ืืงื•ื•ื“ื•ืจื™
08:32
in our war on drugs.
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ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืชื ื• ื‘ืกืžื™ื.
08:34
And these people are the people who take the brunt of it.
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ื•ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื”ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืžื–ื”.
08:38
This is Mengatoue.
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ื–ื” ืžื’ื˜ืื•.
08:40
He's the shaman of the Huaorani,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ืืื•ืจื ื™,
08:42
and
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ื•ื”ื•ื --
08:45
he said to us, you know, I'm an older man now;
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ื”ื•ื ืจืง -- ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื ื•, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื ื™ ืื™ืฉ ื–ืงืŸ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
08:48
I'm getting tired, you know; I'm tired
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ืื ื™ ืžืชืขื™ื™ืฃ, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื ื™ ืขื™ื™ืฃ
08:50
of spearing these oil workers.
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ืžืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ื—ื ื™ืชื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื ืคื˜ ื”ืืœื”,
08:52
I wish they would just go away.
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ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื•ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ื–ื‘ื™ื.
08:57
And I was -- I usually travel alone
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ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ -- ืื ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืœื‘ื“
09:00
when I do my work, but I did this --
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™, ืื‘ืœ ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” --
09:03
I hosted a program for Discovery,
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ื”ื ื—ื™ืชื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืกืงื‘ืจื™,
09:05
and when I went down with the team,
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ื•ื›ืฉื™ืจื“ืชื™ ืขื ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช,
09:08
I was quite concerned about
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื“ื™ ืžื•ื“ืื’
09:11
going in with a whole bunch of people, especially into the Huaorani,
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ืžื ืกื™ืขื” ืขื ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื•ืื•ืจื ื™,
09:14
deep into the Huaorani tribe.
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ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืš ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ื”ื•ืื•ืจื ื™.
09:16
And
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื™ืฆื,
09:18
as it turned out, these guys really
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ื”ื™ื” ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืืžืช
09:20
taught me a thing or two about blending in
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ืœื™ืžื“ื• ืื•ืชื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืชืœื‘ื•ืช
09:23
with the locals.
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ืขื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื.
09:25
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:28
One of the things I did
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™
09:31
just before 9/11 --
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ืžืžืฉ ืœืคื ื™ 9/11 --
09:34
August of 2001 --
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ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2001--
09:36
I took my son, Dax,
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ืœืงื—ืชื™ ืืช ื‘ื ื™, ื“ืืงืก,
09:38
who was 16 at the time,
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ 16 ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ,
09:41
and I took him to Pakistan.
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ื•ืœืงื—ืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ืœืคืงื™ืกื˜ืืŸ.
09:43
Because at first I wanted --
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืจืืฉื™ืช ืจืฆื™ืชื™ --
09:45
you know, I've taken him on a couple of trips,
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืœืงื—ืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ืœื›ืžื” ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช,
09:47
but I wanted him to see
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืจืื”
09:49
people that live on a dollar a day or less.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ืžื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื™ื•ื ืื• ืคื—ื•ืช.
09:52
I wanted him to get an experience
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืฉื™ื—ื•ื•ื”
09:54
in the Islamic world
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ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื™ืกืœืืžื™
09:56
and I also wanted him to --
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ื•ื’ื ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื --
09:59
I was going there to work with a group,
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ื ืกืขืชื™ ืœืฉื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”,
10:01
do a story on a group called the Kalash,
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉื ืงืจืืช ืงืืœืืฉ,
10:03
that are a group of animists, 3,000 animists,
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ืฉื”ื ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืื ื™ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ื, 3000 ืื ื™ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ื,
10:05
that live -- very small area --
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ืฉื—ื™ื™ื -- ืื–ื•ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืงื˜ืŸ --
10:09
surrounded by Islam -- there's 3,000
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ืžื•ืงืฃ ื‘ืื™ืกืœืื -- ื ื•ืชืจื• 3000
10:12
of these Kalash left; they're incredible people.
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ืžืื ืฉื™ ื”ืงืืœืืฉ, ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
10:16
So it was a great experience for him. He stayed up all night with them,
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ืื– ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื ืคืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื•. ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืืจ ืขืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืื™ืชื,
10:19
drumming and dancing.
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ืžืชื•ืคืฃ ื•ืจื•ืงื“.
10:21
And he brought a soccer ball,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืจื’ืœ,
10:23
and we had soccer every night in this little village.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื—ืง ื›ืœ ืขืจื‘ ื‘ื›ืคืจ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
10:26
And then we went up
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ื•ื›ืฉืขืœื™ื ื•
10:28
and met their shaman.
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ื•ืคื’ืฉื ื• ืืช ื”ืฉืืžืืŸ ืฉืœื”ื.
10:30
By the way, Mengatoue was the shaman
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ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ืžื ื’ื˜ื•ืื” ื’ื ื”ื™ื” ืฉืืžืืŸ
10:32
of his tribe as well.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ ืฉืœื•.
10:34
And this is John Doolikahn,
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ื•ื–ื” ื’'ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœื™ืงื”ืŸ,
10:36
who's the shaman of the Kalash.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืืžืืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืงืืœืืฉ.
10:39
And he's up in the mountains,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื”ืจื™ื,
10:41
right on the border with Afghanistan.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืืŸ.
10:43
In fact, on that other side is the area, Tora Bora,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื˜ื•ืจื” ื‘ื•ืจื”,
10:46
the area where
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ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื•
10:49
Osama bin Laden's supposed to be. This is the tribal area.
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ืื•ืกืืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืื“ืŸ ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช. ื–ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื™ื‘ื˜ื™.
10:52
And we watched
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ื•ืฆืคื™ื ื•
10:55
and stayed with
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ื•ื ืฉืืจื ื• ืขื
10:57
John Doolikahn.
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ื’'ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœื™ืงื”ืŸ.
10:59
And the shaman -- I did a whole series on shamanism,
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ื•ื”ืฉืืžืืŸ -- ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœืžื” ืขืœ ืฉืืžืื ื™ื,
11:02
which is
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ืฉื”ื™ื --
11:04
an interesting phenomenon.
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ืชื•ืคืขื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช.
11:06
But around the world,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื,
11:08
they go into trance in different ways,
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ื”ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœื˜ืจืื ืก ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช,
11:10
and in Pakistan,
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ื•ื‘ืคืงื™ืกื˜ืืŸ,
11:12
the way they do it is they burn juniper leaves
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืจืคืช ืขืœื™ ืขืจืขืจ
11:15
and they sacrifice an animal,
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ื•ื”ื ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ื—ื™ื”,
11:18
pour the blood of the animal on the leaves
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ืฉื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื
11:20
and then inhale the smoke.
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ื•ืื– ืฉื•ืืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืฉืŸ.
11:22
And they're all praying
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ื•ื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื
11:25
to the mountain gods
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ืœืืœื™ ื”ื”ืจ ื›ืฉื”ื --
11:28
as they go into trance.
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ื›ืฉื”ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœื˜ืจืื ืก.
11:32
You know,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” -- ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
11:34
getting kids used to different realities,
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ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช,
11:38
I think, is so important. What Dan Dennett said the other day --
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘. ืžื” ืฉื“ืŸ ื“ื ื˜ ืืžืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื --
11:42
having a curriculum where they study different religions,
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ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขืจืš ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื“ืชื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช --
11:45
just to make a mental flexibility,
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ืจืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื ื˜ืœื™ืช --
11:47
give them a mental flexibility
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ืœืชืช ืœื”ื ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ืžื ื˜ืืœื™ืช
11:49
in different belief systems --
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ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
11:51
I think this is so necessary in our world today
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื
11:54
as you see these clash of beliefs taking place.
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ื›ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืงื•ืจื”.
11:58
And all the security issues they cause us.
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ื•ื›ืœ ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื -- ืฉื”ื ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื ื•.
12:02
So, one thing we did five years ago:
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ืื–, ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื:
12:05
we started a program that links kids
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืžืงืฉืจืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื
12:08
in indigenous communities with kids in the United States.
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ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.
12:10
So we first hooked up
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ืื– ืจืืฉื™ืช ืงื™ืฉืจื ื• --
12:13
a spot in the Navajo Nation with a classroom in Seattle.
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ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ืื•ืžืช ื”ื ื‘ืื—ื• ืขื ื›ื™ืชื” ื‘ืกื™ืื˜ืœ.
12:18
We now have 15 sites.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 15 ืืชืจื™ื.
12:21
We have one in Kathmandu, Nepal;
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืื—ื“ ื‘ืงื˜ืžื ื“ื•, ื ืคืืœ;
12:24
Dharamsala, India; Takaungu, Kenya --
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ื“ืจืžืกืืœื”, ื”ื•ื“ื•; ื˜ืงื ื’ื•, ืงื ื™ื” --
12:26
Takaungu is one-third Christian, one-third Muslim
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ื˜ืงื ื’ื• ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉ ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช, ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ืช
12:29
and one-third animist, the community is --
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ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืื ื™ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ืช, ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื --
12:32
Ollantaytambo, Peru,
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ืื•ืœื ื˜ื™ื™ืžื‘ื•, ืคืจื•,
12:34
and Arctic Village, Alaska.
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ื•ื”ื›ืคืจ ื”ืืจืงื˜ื™, ืืœืกืงื”.
12:36
This is Daniel; he's one of our students
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ื–ื” ื“ื ื™ืืœ, ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
12:38
in Arctic Village, Alaska.
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ื‘ื›ืคืจ ื”ืืจืงื˜ื™, ืืœืกืงื”.
12:40
He lives in this log cabin --
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ ื‘ื‘ืงืชืช ื”ืขืฅ ื”ื–ื•:
12:42
no running water, no heat other than --
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ืœืœื ืžื™ื ื–ื•ืจืžื™ื, ืœืœื ื—ื™ืžื•ื ื—ื•ืฅ --
12:45
no windows
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ืœืœื ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช
12:47
and high-speed Internet connection.
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ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ.
12:49
And this is --
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ื•ื–ื” -- ื–ื” --
12:51
I see this rolling out all over --
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืฉื–ื” ืžืชื’ืœื’ืœ ืœื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื --
12:53
this is our site in Ollantaytambo, Peru, four years ago,
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ื–ื” ื”ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืื•ืœื ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืžื‘ื•, ืคืจื•, ืœืคื ื™ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื,
12:56
where they first saw their first computers;
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ืฉื ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืจืื• ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื;
12:58
now they have computers in their classrooms.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช.
13:01
And the way we've done this --
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ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื–ืืช --
13:03
we teach digital storytelling to these kids.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
13:06
And we have them tell stories about issues in their community
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื›ื•ืœื ืœืกืคืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื”ื
13:09
in their community that they care about.
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ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื”ื ืฉืื›ืคืช ืœื”ื ืžืžื ื”.
13:11
And this is in Peru, where the kids told the story
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ื•ื–ื” ืคืจื•. ืฉื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืกืคืจื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ
13:13
about a river that they cleaned up.
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ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื ื ื™ืงื•.
13:15
And the way we do it is, we do it in workshops,
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ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ื ืื•ืช,
13:18
and we bring people who want to learn
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“
13:21
digital workflow and storytelling,
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ืกื“ืจ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื,
13:25
and have them
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ื•ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ื
13:27
work with the kids.
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ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
13:29
And just this last year we've taken a group of teenagers in,
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ื•ืจืง ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืœืงื—ื ื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขืฉืจื”,
13:33
and this has worked the best.
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ื•ื–ื” ืขื‘ื“ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘.
13:35
So our dream is to bring teenagers together,
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ืื– ื”ื—ืœื•ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืขืฉืจื”,
13:37
so they'll have a community service experience
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”
13:40
as well as a cross-cultural experience,
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ื•ื’ื ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™,
13:43
as they teach kids in these areas
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”
13:45
and help them build their communication infrastructure.
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ื•ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื”ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉืœื”ื.
13:48
This is teaching Photoshop
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ื–ื” ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืคื•ื˜ื•ืฉื•ืค
13:51
in the Tibetan children's village in Dharamsala.
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ื‘ื›ืคืจ -- ื›ืคืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื˜ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืžืกืืœื”.
13:55
We have the website, where the kids all get their homepage.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืืชืจ, ื‘ื• ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืฃ ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืœื”ื.
13:58
This is all their movies. We've got about 60 movies
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ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื. ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 60 ืกืจื˜ื™ื
14:00
that these kids have made,
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ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืขืฉื•,
14:02
and they're quite incredible.
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ื•ื”ื ื“ื™ ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
14:04
The one I want to show you --
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ื”ืื—ื“ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื --
14:06
after we get them to make the movies,
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื,
14:09
we have a night where we show the movies to the community.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขืจื‘ ื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจืื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืœืงื”ื™ืœื”.
14:12
And this is in Takaungu --
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื˜ืงื ื’ื• --
14:14
we've got a generator and a digital projector,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื’ื ืจื˜ื•ืจ ื•ืžืงืจืŸ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™,
14:16
and we're projecting it up against a barn,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงืจื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืขืœ ืืกื,
14:18
and showing one of the movies that they made.
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ื•ืžืจืื™ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืขืฉื•.
14:21
And if you get a chance, you can go to our website, and you'll see
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ื•ืื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•, ื•ืืชื ืชืจืื•
14:24
the incredible work these kids do.
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ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื ืคืœืื” ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
14:27
The other thing:
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืืฆืœื ื• -- ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™:
14:30
I wanted to give indigenous people a voice.
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืชืช ืœื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื ืงื•ืœ.
14:32
That was one of the big motivating factors.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžื ื™ืขื™ื.
14:35
But the other motivating factor is
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ืื—ืจ ื”ื•ื
14:37
the insular nature of our country.
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ื”ืื•ืคื™ ื”ืžื ื•ืชืง ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
14:40
National Geographic just did a Roper Study
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ื ืฉื™ื•ื ืœ ื’ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ืง ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืขืฉื• ืžื—ืงืจ
14:43
of 18 to 26 year olds
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ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ 18 ืขื“ 26
14:46
in our country
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ื‘ืืจืฆื ื•
14:48
and in nine other industrialized countries.
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ื•ื‘ืชืฉืข ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืขืฉื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
14:51
It was a two million dollar study.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
14:53
United States came in second to last
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ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื’ื™ืข ืฉื ื™ื” ืžื”ืกื•ืฃ
14:56
in geographic knowledge.
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ื‘ื™ื“ืข ื’ืื•ื’ืจืคื™.
14:58
70 percent of the kids couldn't find
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70 ืื—ื•ื– ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื
15:00
Afghanistan or Iraq on a map;
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ืืช ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืื• ืขื™ืจืืง ืขืœ ื”ืžืคื”,
15:03
60 percent couldn't find India;
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60 ืื—ื•ื– ืœื ืžืฆืื• ืืช ื”ื•ื“ื•;
15:06
30 percent couldn't find the Pacific Ocean.
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30 ืื—ื•ื– ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืคืกื™ืคื™.
15:09
And this is a study
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื—ืงืจ
15:11
that was just done a couple of years ago.
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ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืจืง ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื.
15:15
So what I'd like to show you now,
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
15:18
in the couple of minutes I have left,
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ื‘ื›ืžื” ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืืจื• ืœื™,
15:20
is a film that a student made in Guatemala.
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ื–ื” ืกืจื˜ ืฉืขืฉื” ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ืžื’ื•ืื˜ืžืืœื”.
15:22
We just had a workshop in Guatemala.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ืกื“ื ื” ื‘ื’ื•ืื˜ืžืืœื”.
15:25
A week before we got to the workshop,
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ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืกื“ื ื”,
15:28
a massive landslide, caused by Hurricane Stan,
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ืžืคื•ืœืช ืขื ืงื™ืช, ืฉื ื“ืจืžื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ืงืŸ ืกื˜ืืŸ,
15:32
last October, came in and buried
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ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืขื‘ืจ, ื‘ืื” ื•ืงื‘ืจื”
15:34
600 people alive in their village.
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600 ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืคืจื.
15:36
And this kid lived in the village --
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ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื–ื” ื—ื™ ื‘ื›ืคืจ ื”ื”ื•ื --
15:38
he wasn't there at the time --
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ --
15:40
and this is the little movie he put together about that.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื–ื”.
15:44
And he hadn't seen a computer before
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ
15:46
we did this movie. We taught him Photoshop and --
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ื–ื”. ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื™ืžื“ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ืคื•ื˜ื•ืฉื•ืค --
15:50
yeah, we can play it.
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ื•ื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืงืจื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื•.
16:15
This is an old Mayan funeral chant
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ื–ื” ืœื—ืฉ ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืขืชื™ืง ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืื™ื”
16:18
that he got from his grandfather.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžืกื‘ื•.
18:38
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
18:40
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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