Taiye Selasi: Don't ask where I'm from, ask where I'm a local | TED

457,853 views ใƒป 2015-10-20

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Niva Kaspi ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
Last year, I went on my first book tour.
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ื™ืฆืืชื™ ืœืžืกืข ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™.
00:16
In 13 months, I flew to 14 countries
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ื‘ืžืฉืš 13 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื˜ืกืชื™ ืœ14 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช
00:19
and gave some hundred talks.
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ื•ื”ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ื›ืžืื” ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช.
00:22
Every talk in every country
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ื›ืœ ื”ืจืฆืื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื”
00:24
began with an introduction,
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ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžื”,
00:26
and every introduction began, alas, with a lie:
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืงื“ืžื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ืœื“ืื‘ื•ื ื™, ื‘ืฉืงืจ:
00:32
"Taiye Selasi comes from Ghana and Nigeria,"
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"ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืกืœืืกื™ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืžื’ืื ื” ื•ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื”"
00:35
or "Taiye Selasi comes from England and the States."
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ืื• "ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืกืœืืกื™ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืžืื ื’ืœื™ื” ื•ืืจื”"ื‘".
00:40
Whenever I heard this opening sentence,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื” ื”ื–ื”,
00:42
no matter the country that concluded it --
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืกื™ื›ืžื” ืื•ืชื• -
00:45
England, America, Ghana, Nigeria --
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ืื ื’ืœื™ื”, ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ื’ืื ื” ืื• ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื” -
00:47
I thought, "But that's not true."
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ "ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ".
00:51
Yes, I was born in England and grew up in the United States.
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื ื•ืœื“ืชื™ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื” ื•ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.
00:55
My mum, born in England, and raised in Nigeria,
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ืืžื™ ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื” ื•ื’ื“ืœื” ื‘ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื”,
00:58
currently lives in Ghana.
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ื›ื™ื•ื ื—ื™ื” ื‘ื’ืื ื”.
01:00
My father was born in Gold Coast, a British colony,
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ืื‘ื™ ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื–ื”ื‘, ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ื” ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช,
01:05
raised in Ghana,
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ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื’ืื ื”,
01:06
and has lived for over 30 years in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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ื•ื—ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš 30 ืฉื ื” ื‘ืžืžืœื›ืช ืขืจื‘ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื™ืช.
01:10
For this reason, my introducers also called me "multinational."
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ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื–ื•, ืžื™ ืฉื”ืฆื™ื’ ืื•ืชื™ ืงืจื ืœื™ ื’ื "ืจื‘-ืœืื•ืžื™ืช".
01:16
"But Nike is multinational," I thought,
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"ืื‘ืœ ื ื™ื™ืงื™ ื”ื™ื ืจื‘-ืœืื•ืžื™ืช" ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™,
01:20
"I'm a human being."
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"ืื ื™ ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื".
01:23
Then, one fine day, mid-tour,
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ืœื›ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื•ื ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืื—ื“, ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืกื‘ื‘,
01:26
I went to Louisiana, a museum in Denmark
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืœื•ืื™ื–ื™ืื ื”, ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื ืžืจืง
01:29
where I shared the stage with the writer Colum McCann.
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ืฉื‘ื• ื—ืœืงืชื™ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ืงื•ืœื•ื ืžืง'ื›ืืŸ.
01:33
We were discussing the role of locality in writing,
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ืฉื•ื—ื—ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”,
01:36
when suddenly it hit me.
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ื•ืœืคืชืข ื–ื” ื”ื›ื” ื‘ื™.
01:39
I'm not multinational.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื‘-ืœืื•ืžื™ืช.
01:41
I'm not a national at all.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื›ืœืœ.
01:44
How could I come from a nation?
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ืื™ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื‘ื•ื ืžืื•ืžื”?
01:46
How can a human being come from a concept?
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ืื™ืš ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฆืืฆื ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืกื”?
01:50
It's a question that had been bothering me for going on two decades.
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ื–ื• ืฉืืœื” ืฉืžื˜ืจื™ื“ื” ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื.
01:55
From newspapers, textbooks, conversations,
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ืžืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืกืคืจื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช,
01:58
I had learned to speak of countries
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ืื ื™ ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช
02:00
as if they were eternal, singular, naturally occurring things,
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื ื ืฆื—ื™ื•ืช, ื™ื—ื™ื“ืชื™ื•ืช, ื ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข,
02:05
but I wondered:
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ืื‘ืœ ืชื”ื™ืชื™ :
02:07
to say that I came from a country
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ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉื‘ืืชื™ ืžืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช
02:09
suggested that the country was an absolute,
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ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื•ื—ืœื˜,
02:12
some fixed point in place in time,
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ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื•ื–ืžืŸ,
02:15
a constant thing, but was it?
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ืžืฉื”ื• ื™ืฆื™ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื–ื” ื›ืš?
02:18
In my lifetime, countries had disappeared -- Czechoslovakia;
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ื™ื™, ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื ืขืœืžื• - ืฆ'ื›ื•ืกืœื•ื‘ืงื™ื”.
02:22
appeared -- Timor-Leste; failed -- Somalia.
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ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื• - ืžื–ืจื— ื˜ื™ืžื•ืจ. ื ื›ืฉืœื• - ืกื•ืžืœื™ื”.
02:27
My parents came from countries that didn't exist when they were born.
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ื”ื•ืจื™ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืžืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื›ืฉื”ื ื ื•ืœื“ื•.
02:31
To me, a country -- this thing that could be born, die, expand, contract --
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ืขื‘ื•ืจื™, ืžื“ื™ื ื” - ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืœื“, ืœืžื•ืช, ืœื”ืชืจื—ื‘, ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฅ -
02:37
hardly seemed the basis for understanding a human being.
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ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ื ืจืื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื.
02:41
And so it came as a huge relief to discover the sovereign state.
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ืื– ืจื•ื•ื— ืœื™ ืžืื“ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ืช.
02:47
What we call countries are actually
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ืœืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆื
02:49
various expressions of sovereign statehood,
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ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ืช,
02:51
an idea that came into fashion only 400 years ago.
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ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืคื ืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืจืง 400 ืฉื ื”.
02:56
When I learned this, beginning my masters degree in international relations,
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ื›ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ื–ืืช, ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื,
03:01
I felt a sort of surge of relief.
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ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืžื™ืŸ ื’ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืงืœื”.
03:03
It was as I had suspected.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉื—ืฉื“ืชื™.
03:06
History was real, cultures were real,
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ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช, ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช,
03:10
but countries were invented.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืžืฆืื•.
03:13
For the next 10 years, I sought to re- or un-define myself,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš 10 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช, ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ืื• ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช
03:17
my world, my work, my experience,
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ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™, ืขื•ืœืžื™, ื ืกื™ื•ื ื™,
03:19
beyond the logic of the state.
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ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
03:22
In 2005, I wrote an essay, "What is an Afropolitan,"
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 2005 ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืžืืžืจ, "ืžื” ื–ื” ืืคืจื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ืืŸ,"
03:26
sketching out an identity that privileged culture over country.
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ื•ืฉืจื˜ื˜ืชื™ ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืžืขื“ื™ืคื” ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
03:32
It was thrilling how many people could relate to my experience,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื’ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื–ื“ื”ื• ืขื ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™,
03:36
and instructional how many others didn't buy my sense of self.
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ื•ืžืœืžื“ ื›ืžื” ืื—ืจื™ื ืœื ืงื ื• ืืช ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœื™.
03:42
"How can Selasi claim to come from Ghana," one such critic asked,
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"ืื™ื™ืš ืกืœืืกื™ ืžืฆื”ื™ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืื” ืžื’ืื ื”," ืฉืืœื” ืื—ืช ืžื”ืžื‘ืงืจื•ืช ,
03:47
"when she's never known the indignities
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"ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืœื•ืช
03:49
of traveling abroad on a Ghanian passport?"
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ืฉืœ ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืœื—ื•"ืœ ืขื ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ืžื’ืื ื”?"
03:52
Now, if I'm honest,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื ื”,
03:54
I knew just what she meant.
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ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืžื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื”.
03:56
I've got a friend named Layla who was born and raised in Ghana.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื ืœื™ื™ืœื” ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื” ื•ื’ื“ืœื” ื‘ื’ืื ื”.
04:00
Her parents are third-generation Ghanians of Lebanese descent.
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ื”ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื’ืื ืื™ื ืžืžื•ืฆื ืœื‘ื ื•ื ื™.
04:05
Layla, who speaks fluent Twi, knows Accra like the back of her hand,
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ืœื™ื™ืœื”, ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจืช ื˜ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื•ืชืคืช, ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืืช ืืงืจื” ื›ืžื• ืืช ื›ืฃ ื™ื“ื”,
04:10
but when we first met years ago, I thought, "She's not from Ghana."
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื ืคื’ืฉื ื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื, ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, "ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžื’ืื ื”."
04:15
In my mind, she came from Lebanon,
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ื‘ืžื•ื—ื™, ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื” ืžืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ,
04:18
despite the patent fact that all her formative experience
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื”
04:21
took place in suburban Accra.
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ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ ืืงืจื”.
04:24
I, like my critics,
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ืื ื™, ื›ืžื• ืžื‘ืงืจื™,
04:26
was imagining some Ghana where all Ghanaians had brown skin
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ืชื™ ืžื™ืŸ ื’ืื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื’ืื ืื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื—ื•ืžื™ ืขื•ืจ
04:32
or none held U.K. passports.
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ืื• ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœืื™ืฉ ืžื”ื ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™.
04:35
I'd fallen into the limiting trap
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ืื ื™ ื ืคืœืชื™ ืœืื•ืชื” ืžืœื›ื•ื“ืช ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื”
04:37
that the language of coming from countries sets --
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ืฉื”ืฉืคื” ืฉื‘ืื” ืžืืจืฆื•ืช ืžืชืงื™ื ื” --
04:40
the privileging of a fiction, the singular country,
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ื”ืคืจื™ื•ื•ืœื’ื™ื” ื”ืคื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”,
04:44
over reality: human experience.
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ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช: ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืื ื•ืฉื™.
04:48
Speaking with Colum McCann that day, the penny finally dropped.
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ื›ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขื ืงื•ืœื•ื ืžืง'ืงืืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื, ื ืคืœ ื”ืืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ.
04:53
"All experience is local," he said.
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"ื›ืœ ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืžื™," ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ.
04:56
"All identity is experience," I thought.
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"ื›ืœ ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ," ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™.
05:00
"I'm not a national," I proclaimed onstage.
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"ืื ื™ ืœื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช," ื”ื›ืจื–ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื”.
05:04
"I'm a local. I'm multi-local."
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"ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช. ืื ื™ ืจื‘-ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช."
05:07
See, "Taiye Selasi comes from the United States," isn't the truth.
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ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, "ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืกืœืืกื™ ื‘ืื” ืžืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช," ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืืžืช.
05:12
I have no relationship with the United States,
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืขื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
05:15
all 50 of them, not really.
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ื›ืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ืœื ื‘ืืžืช.
05:17
My relationship is with Brookline, the town where I grew up;
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ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื ืขื ื‘ืจื•ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื” ื’ื“ืœืชื™,
05:21
with New York City, where I started work;
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ืขื ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง, ื‘ื” ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“,
05:24
with Lawrenceville, where I spend Thanksgiving.
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ืขื ืœื•ืจื ืกื•ื•ื™ืœ, ื‘ื” ืื ื™ ื—ื•ื’ื’ืช ืืช ื—ื’ ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื”.
05:27
What makes America home for me is not my passport or accent,
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ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ืืžืจื™ืงื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ืื• ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื ืฉืœื™,
05:33
but these very particular experiences
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ืืœื ื”ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื•
05:35
and the places they occur.
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ื•ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื”ื ืงื•ืจื™ื.
05:38
Despite my pride in Ewe culture,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ื’ืื•ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื” ืื™ื•,
05:40
the Black Stars, and my love of Ghanaian food,
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ื‘ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ืชื™ ืœืื•ื›ืœ ื’ืื ืื™,
05:43
I've never had a relationship with the Republic of Ghana, writ large.
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืขื ื”ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื’ืื ื”,
05:48
My relationship is with Accra, where my mother lives,
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ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื ืขื ืืงืจื”, ืฉื ื—ื™ื™ื” ืืžื™,
05:52
where I go each year,
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ืœืฉื ืื ื™ ื ื•ืกืขืช ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”,
05:54
with the little garden in Dzorwulu where my father and I talk for hours.
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ืขื ื”ื’ื™ื ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื“ื–ื•ืจื•ื•ืœื• ื‘ื” ืื‘ื™ ื•ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขื•ืช.
05:59
These are the places that shape my experience.
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ืืœื• ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™.
06:02
My experience is where I'm from.
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ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืžืื™ืคื” ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ืื”.
06:05
What if we asked, instead of "Where are you from?" --
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ืžื” ืื ื ืฉืืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื "ืžืื™ืคื” ืืช?" --
06:09
"Where are you a local?"
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"ืื™ืคื” ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช?"
06:11
This would tell us so much more about who and how similar we are.
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ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ื“ ืœื ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืžื™ ืื ื• ื•ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืื ื—ื ื•.
06:16
Tell me you're from France, and I see what, a set of clichรฉs?
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ืชืืžืจ ืœื™ ืฉืืชื” ืžืฆืจืคืช, ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื”, ืžื”, ืกื“ืจืช ืงืœื™ืฉืื•ืช?
06:20
Adichie's dangerous single story, the myth of the nation of France?
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ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื“ื™ืฆ'ื™, ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช?
06:25
Tell me you're a local of Fez and Paris,
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ืชืืžืจ ืœื™ ืฉืืชื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืœืคื– ื•ืœืคืจื™ืก,
06:28
better yet, Goutte d'Or, and I see a set of experiences.
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ืื•, ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘,Goutte d'Or, ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืกื“ืจืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช.
06:33
Our experience is where we're from.
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ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื•.
06:35
So, where are you a local?
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ืื–, ืื™ืคื” ืืชื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื?
06:38
I propose a three-step test.
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ืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฆืขื“ื™ื.
06:40
I call these the three "Rโ€™s": rituals, relationships, restrictions.
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ื˜ืงืกื™ื, ื™ื—ืกื™ื, ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช.
06:46
First, think of your daily rituals, whatever they may be:
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ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ, ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืงืกื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื, ื‘ืืฉืจ ื”ื:
06:50
making your coffee, driving to work,
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ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืงืคื”, ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
06:52
harvesting your crops, saying your prayers.
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ืงื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืœ, ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืชืคื™ืœื”.
06:55
What kind of rituals are these?
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ืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ืŸ ื˜ืงืกื™ื ืืœื•?
06:57
Where do they occur?
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื?
06:59
In what city or cities in the world do shopkeepers know your face?
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ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžื–ื”ื™ื ืืชื›ื ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช?
07:04
As a child, I carried out fairly standard suburban rituals in Boston,
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ื›ื™ืœื“ื”, ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ื˜ืงืกื™ ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ,
07:08
with adjustments made for the rituals my mother brought from London and Lagos.
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ืขื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื˜ืงืกื™ื ืฉืืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืžืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืื’ื•ืก.
07:13
We took off our shoes in the house,
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ื—ืœืฆื ื• ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช,
07:15
we were unfailingly polite with our elders,
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ื”ื™ื ื• ืžื ื•ืžืกื™ื ืœืœื ื“ื•ืคื™ ืขื ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื,
07:18
we ate slow-cooked, spicy food.
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ืื›ืœื ื• ืื•ื›ืœ ื—ืจื™ืฃ ืฉื‘ื•ืฉืœ ืœืื˜.
07:20
In snowy North America, ours were rituals of the global South.
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ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื’ืช, ื”ื˜ืงืกื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื“ืจื•ื ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
07:26
The first time I went to Delhi or to southern parts of Italy,
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ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื ืกืขืชื™ ืœื“ืœื”ื™ ืื• ืœื—ืœืงื™ื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”,
07:29
I was shocked by how at home I felt.
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ื”ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ืžืื™ืš ืฉื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช.
07:32
The rituals were familiar.
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ื”ื˜ืงืกื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื“ื•ืžื™ื.
07:34
"R" number one, rituals.
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ืื– ื˜ืงืกื™ื ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืื—ืช.
07:37
Now, think of your relationships, of the people who shape your days.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœื›ื, ืขืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืืช ื™ืžื™ื›ื.
07:42
To whom do you speak at least once a week,
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ืขื ืžื™ ืืชื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคืขื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข,
07:44
be it face to face or on FaceTime?
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ืคื ื™ื ืืœ ืคื ื™ื ืื• ื‘ืคื™ื™ืก ื˜ื™ื™ื?
07:47
Be reasonable in your assessment;
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ื”ื™ื• ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœื›ื,
07:49
I'm not talking about your Facebook friends.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื™ื™ืก ื‘ื•ืง.
07:52
I'm speaking of the people who shape your weekly emotional experience.
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ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
07:56
My mother in Accra, my twin sister in Boston,
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ืืžื™ ื‘ืืงืจื”, ืื—ื•ืชื™ ื”ืชืื•ืžื” ื‘ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ,
07:58
my best friends in New York:
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง:
08:01
these relationships are home for me.
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ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™.
08:03
"R" number two, relationships.
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ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืชื™ื™ื: ื™ื—ืกื™ื.
08:06
We're local where we carry out our rituals and relationships,
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ืื ื• ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื˜ืงืกื™ื ื•ื™ื—ืกื™ื,
08:10
but how we experience our locality
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ืื‘ืœ ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
08:13
depends in part on our restrictions.
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ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
08:17
By restrictions, I mean, where are you able to live?
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ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช, ืื™ืคื” ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ื•ืจ?
08:19
What passport do you hold?
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ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ืืชื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื?
08:21
Are you restricted by, say, racism, from feeling fully at home where you live?
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ื”ืื, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื›ื ืœื—ื•ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืื™ืคื” ืฉืืชื ื’ืจื™ื?
08:27
By civil war, dysfunctional governance, economic inflation,
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ืืชื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžืœื—ืžืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื, ืžืžืฉืœื” ืชืช-ืชื™ืคืงื•ื“ื™ืช, ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช,
08:31
from living in the locality where you had your rituals as a child?
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ืžื™ื›ื•ืœืชื›ื ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืงื™ื™ืžืชื ื˜ืงืกื™ื ื›ื™ืœื“ื™ื?
08:36
This is the least sexy of the Rโ€™s,
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ ื”ื›ื™ ืคื—ื•ืช ืกืงืกื™ ืžื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื”,
08:39
less lyric than rituals and relationships,
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ืคื—ื•ืช ืœื™ืจื™ ืžื˜ืงืกื™ื ื•ื™ื—ืกื™ื,
08:41
but the question takes us past "Where are you now?"
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœ"ืื™ืคื” ืืชื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•?"
08:45
to "Why aren't you there, and why?"
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ืืœ "ืœืžื” ืืชื ืœื ืฉื?"
08:49
Rituals, relationships, restrictions.
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ื˜ืงืกื™ื, ื™ื—ืกื™ื, ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช.
08:52
Take a piece of paper
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ืงื—ื• ืคื™ืกืช ื ื™ืจ
08:54
and put those three words on top of three columns,
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ื•ืจืฉืžื• ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื‘ืจืืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื˜ื•ืจื™ื,
08:57
then try to fill those columns as honestly as you can.
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ื•ืื– ื ืกื• ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ื˜ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช.
09:01
A very different picture of your life in local context,
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ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืื“ ืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื›ื ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืžืงื•ืžื™,
09:05
of your identity as a set of experiences,
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ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื›ืกื“ืจืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช,
09:08
may emerge.
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ืชืชื”ื•ื•ื”.
09:09
So let's try it.
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ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื ืกื”.
09:11
I have a friend named Olu.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืื•ืœื•.
09:12
He's 35 years old.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืŸ 35.
09:14
His parents, born in Nigeria, came to Germany on scholarships.
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ื”ื•ืจื™ื• ื ื•ืœื“ื• ื‘ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื” ื•ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ืขืœ ืžืœื’ื•ืช.
09:18
Olu was born in Nuremberg and lived there until age 10.
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ืื•ืœื• ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื ื™ืจื ื‘ืจื’ ื•ื—ื™ ืฉื ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 10.
09:22
When his family moved to Lagos, he studied in London,
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ื›ืฉืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืขื‘ืจื” ืœืœืื’ื•ืก, ื”ื•ื ืœืžื“ ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ,
09:24
then came to Berlin.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ.
09:26
He loves going to Nigeria --
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ื”ื•ื ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœื ืกื•ืข ืœื ื™ื’ืจื™ื”--
09:28
the weather, the food, the friends --
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ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ื”ืื•ื›ืœ, ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื --
09:31
but hates the political corruption there.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื ื ืืช ื”ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืฉื.
09:34
Where is Olu from?
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ืžืื™ืคื” ืื•ืœื•?
09:36
I have another friend named Udo.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืขื•ื“ ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื• ืื•ื“ื•.
09:38
He's also 35 years old.
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื‘ืŸ 35.
09:40
Udo was born in Cรณrdoba, in northwest Argentina,
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ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืงื•ืจื“ื•ื‘ื”, ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื‘ ืืจื’ื ื˜ื™ื ื”,
09:43
where his grandparents migrated from Germany, what is now Poland,
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ืœืฉื ื”ื™ื’ืจื• ื”ืกื‘ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืชื ืฉืœื• ืžื’ืจืžื ื™ื”, ืžื” ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ,
09:47
after the war.
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”.
09:48
Udo studied in Buenos Aires, and nine years ago came to Berlin.
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ืื•ื“ื• ืœืžื“ ื‘ื‘ื•ืื ื•ืก ืื™ื™ืจืก, ื•ืœืคื ื™ ืชืฉืข ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ.
09:52
He loves going to Argentina -- the weather, the food, the friends --
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ื”ื•ื ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœื ืกื•ืข ืœืืจื’ื ื˜ื™ื ื” -- ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ื”ืื•ื›ืœ, ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื--
09:56
but hates the economic corruption there.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื ื ืืช ื”ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉื.
09:59
Where is Udo from?
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ืžื”ื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืื•ื“ื•?
10:01
With his blonde hair and blue eyes, Udo could pass for German,
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ืขื ืฉื™ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื•ืขื ื™ื™ื ื›ื—ื•ืœื•ืช, ืื•ื“ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื’ืจืžื ื™,
10:05
but holds an Argentinian passport, so needs a visa to live in Berlin.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ืืจื’ื ื˜ื™ื ืื™, ืื– ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ื•ื™ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ.
10:09
That Udo is from Argentina has largely to do with history.
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื•ื“ื• ืžืืจื’ื ื˜ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
10:13
That he's a local of Buenos Aires and Berlin,
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ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื‘ื‘ื•ืื ื•ืก ืื™ื™ืจืก ื•ื‘ื‘ืจืœื™ื•,
10:16
that has to do with life.
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ื–ื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื™ื.
10:18
Olu, who looks Nigerian, needs a visa to visit Nigeria.
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ืื•ืœื•, ืฉื ืจืื” ื ื™ื’ืจื™, ืฆืจื™ืš ื•ื™ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื”.
10:22
He speaks Yoruba with an English accent,
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ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืจื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ื ืื ื’ืœื™,
10:25
and English with a German one.
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ื•ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ื ื’ืจืžื ื™.
10:27
To claim that he's "not really Nigerian," though,
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ืœืืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื "ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื ื™ื’ืจื™",
10:30
denies his experience in Lagos,
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ืžื›ื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ื ืกื™ื•ื ื• ื‘ืœืื’ื•ืก,
10:32
the rituals he practiced growing up,
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ืืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื™ื ืื•ืชื ืงื™ื™ื ื›ืฉื’ื“ืœ,
10:34
his relationship with family and friends.
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ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืขื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื•ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื.
10:37
Meanwhile, though Lagos is undoubtedly one of his homes,
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ืืžื ื ืœืื’ื•ืก ื”ื™ื ืœืœื ืกืคืง ืื—ื“ ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ืฉืœื•,
10:41
Olu always feels restricted there,
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ืื•ืœื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืฉื,
10:43
not least by the fact that he's gay.
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืžื•ืกืงืกื•ืืœ.
10:47
Both he and Udo are restricted by the political conditions
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ื’ื ื”ื•ื ื•ื’ื ืื•ื“ื• ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื
10:50
of their parents' countries,
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ืฉื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื,
10:52
from living where some of their most meaningful rituals
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ืžืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื˜ืงืกื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
10:55
and relationships occur.
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ื•ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื.
10:57
To say Olu is from Nigeria and Udo is from Argentina
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ืœืืžืจ ืฉืื•ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืžื ื™ื’ืจื™ื” ื•ืื•ื“ื• ืžืืจื’ื ื˜ื™ื ื”
11:01
distracts from their common experience.
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ืžืกื™ื— ืืช ื”ื“ืขืช ืžื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื”ื.
11:03
Their rituals, their relationships, and their restrictions are the same.
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ื”ื˜ืงืกื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ื•ื”ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื–ื”ื™ื.
11:08
Of course, when we ask, "Where are you from?"
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื›ืฉืื ื• ืฉื•ืืœื™ื, "ืžืื™ืคื” ืืชื”?"
11:10
we're using a kind of shorthand.
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ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืŸ ืงืฆืจื ื•ืช.
11:12
It's quicker to say "Nigeria" than "Lagos and Berlin,"
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ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื•ืžืจ "ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื”" ืžืืฉืจ "ืœืื’ื•ืก ื•ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ,"
11:16
and as with Google Maps, we can always zoom in closer,
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ื•ื›ืžื• ื‘ื’ื•ื’ืœ ืžืคื•ืช, ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืืคืก ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจื•ื‘,
11:20
from country to city to neighborhood.
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ืžืืจืฅ ืœืขื™ืจ ืœืฉื›ื•ื ื”.
11:23
But that's not quite the point.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ืœื ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื”.
11:26
The difference between "Where are you from?"
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ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ "ืžืื™ืคื” ืืชื”?"
11:28
and "Where are you a local?"
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ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ "ืื™ืคื” ืืชื” ืžืงื•ืžื™?"
11:30
isn't the specificity of the answer;
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”,
11:33
it's the intention of the question.
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ืืœื ื”ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืฉืืœื”.
11:36
Replacing the language of nationality with the language of locality asks us
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ื”ื”ื—ืœืคื” ืฉืœ ืฉืคืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืคืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืžืื™ืชื ื•
11:41
to shift our focus to where real life occurs.
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ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืคื•ืงื•ืก ืœื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื.
11:45
Even that most glorious expression of countryhood, the World Cup,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ืžื–ื”ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืข ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™,
11:49
gives us national teams comprised mostly of multilocal players.
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ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ืจื‘-ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื.
11:55
As a unit of measurement for human experience,
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ื›ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืžื“ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช,
11:58
the country doesn't quite work.
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ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช.
12:00
That's why Olu says, "I'm German, but my parents come from Nigeria."
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื” ืื•ืœื• ืื•ืžืจ, "ืื ื™ ื’ืจืžื ื™ ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืื• ืžื ื™ื’ืจื™ื”."
12:05
The "but" in that sentence belies the inflexibility of the units,
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ื”"ืื‘ืœ" ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื–ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืงืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช,
12:10
one fixed and fictional entity bumping up against another.
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ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืื—ืช ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืžืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืชื ื’ืฉืช ืขื ืื—ืจืช.
12:15
"I'm a local of Lagos and Berlin," suggests overlapping experiences,
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"ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื‘ืœืื’ื•ืก ื•ื‘ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ, " ืžืจืื” ืขืœ ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืคื™ื,
12:19
layers that merge together, that can't be denied or removed.
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ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืžืชืžื–ื’ื•ืช ื™ื—ื“, ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœื”ื›ื—ืฉื” ืื• ืœื”ืกืจื”.
12:24
You can take away my passport,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ืžืžื ื™,
12:26
but you can't take away my experience.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™.
12:28
That I carry within me.
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ืื•ืชื• ืื ื™ ืกื•ื—ื‘ืช ืื™ืชื™.
12:30
Where I'm from comes wherever I go.
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ืžืื™ืคื” ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืื™ืชื™ ืœื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
12:34
To be clear, I'm not suggesting that we do away with countries.
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ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ, ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืฉื ื‘ื˜ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช.
12:37
There's much to be said for national history,
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื” ืœืืžืจ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช,
12:39
more for the sovereign state.
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ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ืช.
12:41
Culture exists in community, and community exists in context.
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ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”, ื•ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ.
12:46
Geography, tradition, collective memory: these things are important.
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ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ื”, ืžืกื•ืจืช, ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ: ืืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื.
12:51
What I'm questioning is primacy.
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื‘ื• ื–ื” ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช.
12:53
All of those introductions on tour began with reference to nation,
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ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื‘ืกื‘ื‘ ื”ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืขื ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืื•ืžื”,
12:58
as if knowing what country I came from would tell my audience who I was.
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉืื ื”ืงื”ืœ ื™ื“ืข ืžืื™ืคื” ื‘ืืชื™, ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ืข ืžื™ ืื ื™.
13:03
What are we really seeking, though, when we ask where someone comes from?
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ืžื” ื‘ืืžืช ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื›ืฉืื ื• ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืื™ืคื” ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ื?
13:07
And what are we really seeing when we hear an answer?
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ื•ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืฉืื ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”?
13:10
Here's one possibility:
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ื”ื ื” ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืื—ืช:
13:12
basically, countries represent power.
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ื‘ืขืฆื, ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื•ืช ื›ื—.
13:15
"Where are you from?" Mexico. Poland. Bangladesh. Less power.
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"ืžืื™ืคื” ืืชื”?" ืžืงืกื™ืงื•. ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ. ื‘ื ื’ืœื“ืฉ. ืคื—ื•ืช ื›ื—.
13:20
America. Germany. Japan. More power.
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ืืžืจื™ืงื”. ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”. ื™ืคืŸ. ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื—.
13:24
China. Russia. Ambiguous.
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ืกื™ืŸ. ืจื•ืกื™ื”. ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ.
13:27
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
13:29
It's possible that without realizing it, we're playing a power game,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืœื™ ืœื“ืขืช ื–ืืช, ืื ื• ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืžืฉื—ืง ื›ื—,
13:33
especially in the context of multi-ethnic countries.
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘-ืืชื ื™ื•ืช.
13:36
As any recent immigrant knows,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื”ื’ืจ ื˜ืจื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข,
13:38
the question "Where are you from?" or "Where are you really from?"
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ื”ืฉืืœื” "ืžืื™ืคื” ืืชื”?" ืื• "ืžืื™ืคื” ืืชื” ื‘ืืžืช?"
13:42
is often code for "Why are you here?"
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ื”ื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ ืœ"ืœืžื” ืืชื” ืคื”?"
13:46
Then we have the scholar William Deresiewicz's writing
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื•ืžื“, ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ื“ืจื–ื•ื™ืฅ
13:49
of elite American colleges.
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ืฉืœ ืžื›ืœืœื•ืช ืืงื“ืžื™ื•ืช ืืœื™ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช.
13:51
"Students think that their environment is diverse
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"ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช
13:54
if one comes from Missouri and another from Pakistan --
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ืื ืื—ื“ ื‘ื ืžืžื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื•ืื—ืจ ืžืคืงื™ืกื˜ืŸ--
13:57
never mind that all of their parents are doctors or bankers."
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ืœื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ื‘ื ืงืื™ื."
14:02
I'm with him.
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ืื ื™ ืื™ืชื•.
14:03
To call one student American, another Pakistani,
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ืœืงืจื•ื ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ืื—ื“ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืคืงื™ืกื˜ื ื™,
14:06
then triumphantly claim student body diversity
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ื•ืื– ืœื”ื›ืจื™ื– ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ืฉื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ
14:10
ignores the fact that these students are locals of the same milieu.
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ืžืชืขืœื ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื”ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื—ืชืš.
14:13
The same holds true on the other end of the economic spectrum.
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืงืฉืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช.
14:17
A Mexican gardener in Los Angeles and a Nepali housekeeper in Delhi
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ืœื’ื ืŸ ืžืงืกื™ืงื ื™ ื‘ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก ื•ืœืขื•ื–ืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื ืคืืœื™ ื‘ื“ืœื”ื™
14:22
have more in common in terms of rituals and restrictions
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ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ืงืกื™ื ื•ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื
14:26
than nationality implies.
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ืžืืฉืจ ื ืจืžื– ืžื”ืื–ืจื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
14:27
Perhaps my biggest problem with coming from countries
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื™ ืขื ืœื‘ื•ื ืžืžื“ื™ื ื”
14:31
is the myth of going back to them.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืก ืฉืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืœื™ื”ืŸ.
14:33
I'm often asked if I plan to "go back" to Ghana.
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ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื ื™ ื ืฉืืœืช ืื ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื ื ืช "ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ" ืœื’ืื ื”.
14:36
I go to Accra every year, but I can't "go back" to Ghana.
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ืื ื™ ื ื•ืกืขืช ืœืืงืจื” ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” "ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ" ืœื’ืื ื”.
14:40
It's not because I wasn't born there.
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ืœื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื ื ื•ืœื“ืชื™ ืฉื.
14:42
My father can't go back, either.
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ื’ื ืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ.
14:44
The country in which he was born,
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ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืœื“,
14:46
that country no longer exists.
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ืื™ื ื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
14:49
We can never go back to a place and find it exactly where we left it.
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ืœืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื• ื–ื”ื” ืœืžื” ืฉืขื–ื‘ื ื•.
14:53
Something, somewhere will always have changed,
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ืžืฉื”ื•, ืื™ืคื” ืฉื”ื•ื, ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ืฉืชื ื”,
14:56
most of all, ourselves.
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ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ, ืื ื• ืขืฆืžื ื•.
14:58
People.
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ืื ืฉื™ื.
14:59
Finally, what we're talking about is human experience,
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช,
15:02
this notoriously and gloriously disorderly affair.
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ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœืฉื™ืžืฆื” ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื•.
15:06
In creative writing, locality bespeaks humanity.
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ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ืช, ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช.
15:10
The more we know about where a story is set,
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ,
15:12
the more local color and texture,
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืžืจืงืžื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื,
15:14
the more human the characters start to feel,
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ื›ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืขืฉื•ืช,
15:17
the more relatable, not less.
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ืื™ืชืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช.
15:19
The myth of national identity and the vocabulary of coming from
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ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืก ืฉืœ ื–ื”ื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื•ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื‘ื•ื ืžืžืงื•ื,
15:24
confuses us into placing ourselves into mutually exclusive categories.
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ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื ื• ื•ื“ื•ื—ืฃ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืขื‘ืจ ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืกื•ืชืจื•ืช.
15:29
In fact, all of us are multi -- multi-local, multi-layered.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืจื‘ื™-ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช, ืจื‘ื™-ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช.
15:33
To begin our conversations with an acknowledgement of this complexity
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ืื ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•
15:37
brings us closer together, I think, not further apart.
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™, ืœื ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง.
15:40
So the next time that I'm introduced,
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ืื– ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืื•ืชื™,
15:44
I'd love to hear the truth:
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ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ืืžืช:
15:46
"Taiye Selasi is a human being, like everybody here.
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"ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืกืœืืกื™ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ืœื ืคื”.
15:50
She isn't a citizen of the world, but a citizen of worlds.
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ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืืœื ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช.
15:54
She is a local of New York, Rome and Accra."
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ื”ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง, ืจื•ืžื, ื•ืืงืจื”.
15:57
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
15:58
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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