Ian Goldin: Navigating our global future

92,124 views ใƒป 2009-10-23

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Gabriela Elazar ืžื‘ืงืจ: Alon Wasserman
00:15
The future, as we know it, is very unpredictable.
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ื”ืขืชื™ื“, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื ื•, ืžืื•ื“ ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™.
00:19
The best minds in the best institutions
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ื”ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
00:21
generally get it wrong.
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ืœืจื•ื‘ ืœื ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
00:23
This is in technology. This is in the area of politics,
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ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”. ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”,
00:27
where pundits, the CIA, MI6 always get it wrong.
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ืฉื ื”ืžืœื•ืžื“ื™ื, ืื ืฉื™ ื” CIA, ื” MI6, ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืคืกืคืกื™ื.
00:30
And it's clearly in the area of finance.
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ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”.
00:33
With institutions established to think about the future,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืžื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“,
00:35
the IMF, the BIS, the Financial Stability Forum, couldn't see what was coming.
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ืงืจืŸ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ื”ื‘ื ืง ืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื, ื”ืคื•ืจื•ื ืœื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช- ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืฆืคื” ืžื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ.
00:39
Over 20,000 economists
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž- 20,000 ื›ืœื›ืœื ื™ื,
00:41
whose job it is, competitive entry to get there,
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ืฉื–ื” ืชืคืงื™ื“ื, ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืชืงื‘ืœ,
00:43
couldn't see what was happening.
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ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”.
00:45
Globalization is getting more complex.
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ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
00:47
And this change is getting more rapid.
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ื•ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” ืžื”ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
00:49
The future will be more unpredictable.
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ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™.
00:51
Urbanization, integration,
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ืขื™ื•ืจ, ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื”,
00:53
coming together, leads to a new renaissance.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื™ื, ื”ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช.
00:56
It did this a thousand years ago.
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ื–ื” ืงืจื” ืœืคื ื™ ืืœืฃ ืฉื ื”.
00:58
The last 40 years have been extraordinary times.
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40 ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ.
01:01
Life expectancy has gone up by about 25 years.
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ืชื•ื—ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœืชื” ื‘ื›-25 ืฉื ื”.
01:04
It took from the Stone Age to achieve that.
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ื–ื” ืœืงื— ืžืื– ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืงื“ืžื•ืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื–ื”.
01:07
Income has gone up for a majority of the world's population,
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ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืขืœืชื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื•ื‘ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื,
01:09
despite the population going up by about two billion people over this period.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืฆืžื—ื” ื‘ื›ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื•.
01:14
And illiteracy has gone down, from a half to about a quarter of the people on Earth.
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ื•ื”ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ืคื—ืชื”, ืžื›-ยฝ ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืœื›ื“ื™ ื›- ยผ ืžืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
01:17
A huge opportunity, unleashing of new potential
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ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื”, ืžืฉื—ืจืจืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื—ื“ืฉ
01:20
for innovation, for development.
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ืœื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช, ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช.
01:22
But there is an underbelly.
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ืืš ืืœื™ื” ื•ืงื•ืฅ ื‘ื”.
01:24
There are two Achilles' heels of globalization.
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ื™ืฉื ื ืฉื ื™ ืขืงื‘ื™ ืื›ื™ืœืก ืœื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื”.
01:27
There is the Achilles' heel of growing inequality --
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ื™ืฉื ื• ืขืงื‘ ืื›ื™ืœืก ืฉืœ ืื™ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื“ืœ.
01:29
those that are left out, those that feel angry,
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ืืœื” ืฉืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ, ื–ื•ืขืžื™ื,
01:32
those that are not participating. Globalization
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ืืœื” ืฉืœื ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื. ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื”
01:34
has not been inclusive.
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ืื™ื ื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื›ืœ.
01:36
The second Achilles' heel is complexity --
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ืขืงื‘ ื”ืื›ื™ืœืก ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช.
01:39
a growing fragility, a growing brittleness.
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ืฉื‘ืจื™ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื“ืœื”, ืคืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื“ืœื”.
01:43
What happens in one place very quickly affects everything else.
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ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“, ืžื”ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ.
01:46
This is a systemic risk, systemic shock.
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ื–ื”ื• ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ืชื™, ื”ืœื ืžืขืจื›ืชื™.
01:49
We've seen it in the financial crisis. We've seen it in the pandemic flu.
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ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™. ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืžื’ืคืช ื”ืฉืคืขืช.
01:52
It will become virulent and it's something we have to build resilience against.
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื‘ืง, ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืคืชื— ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ื•.
01:56
A lot of this is driven by what's happening in technology.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื–ื” ื ื•ื‘ืข ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
01:59
There have been huge leaps. There will be a million-fold improvement
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ื”ื™ื• ืงืคื™ืฆื•ืช ืขื ืง. ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™
02:02
in what you can get for the same price
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ื‘ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืžื•ืจืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ
02:04
in computing by 2030.
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ื‘ืžื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2030.
02:06
That's what the experience of the last 20 years has been.
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ื–ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื‘-20 ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
02:08
It will continue.
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ื–ื” ื™ื™ืžืฉืš.
02:10
Our computers, our systems will be as primitive
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ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื”ื™ื• ืคืจื™ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช
02:13
as the Apollo's are for today.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื—ืœืœื™ืช ื”ืืคื•ืœื• ืคืจื™ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื•ื.
02:15
Our mobile phones are more powerful than the total Apollo space engine.
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ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื ื•ืข ื—ืœืœื™ืช ื”ืืคื•ืœื• ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื•.
02:18
Our mobile phones are more powerful than
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ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:20
some of the strongest computers of 20 years ago.
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ืžื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคื ื™ 20 ืฉื ื”.
02:22
So what will this do?
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ืื– ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื™ื’ืจื•ื?
02:24
It will create huge opportunities in technology.
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ื–ื” ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
02:27
Miniaturization as well.
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ืžื–ืขื•ืจ ื’ื.
02:29
There will be invisible capacity. Invisible capacity in our bodies,
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ืชื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื™ืช. ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื™ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื•,
02:32
in our brains, and in the air.
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ื‘ืžื•ื—ื™ื ื•, ื•ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ.
02:34
This is a dust mite on a nanoreplica.
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ื–ื•ื–ื™ ืงืจื“ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ืง ื‘ืจืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจืช.
02:37
This sort of ability to do everything in new ways unleashes potential,
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ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื–ืืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื—ืจืจืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ,
02:41
not least in the area of medicine.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื”.
02:43
This is a stem cell that we've developed here in Oxford,
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ื–ื”ื• ืชื ื’ื–ืข ืฉืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“,
02:46
from an embryonic stem cell.
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ืžืชื•ืš ืชื ื’ื–ืข ืขื•ื‘ืจื™.
02:48
We can develop any part of the body.
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ืื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืคืชื— ื›ืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื’ื•ืฃ.
02:50
Increasingly, over time, this will be possible from our own skin --
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ื’ื ืžืขื•ืจื™ื ื• --
02:53
able to replicate parts of the body.
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ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืฉื›ืคืœ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžื’ื•ืคื™ื ื•.
02:55
Fantastic potential for regenerative medicine.
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ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืื“ื™ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ืžืฉื—ื–ืจืช.
02:57
I don't think there will be a Special Olympics long after 2030,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ื™ื ืœื ื›ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ืช 2030,
03:01
because of this capacity to regenerate parts of the body.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื–ืืช ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžื’ื•ืคื™ื ื•.
03:04
But the question is, "Who will have it?"
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ืืš ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื "ืœืžื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืช ื–ื”?".
03:06
The other major development is going to be
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ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื ื•ืกืคืช ืชื™ื”ื™ื”
03:08
in the area of what can happen in genetics.
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ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™ืงื”.
03:10
The capacity to create, as this mouse has been genetically modified,
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ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขื›ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ื ื˜ื™,
03:16
something which goes three times faster,
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ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ืคื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจ,
03:18
lasts for three times longer, we could produce,
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ื—ื™ ืคื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฆืžืฆื,
03:20
as this mouse can, to the age of our equivalent of 80 years,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขื›ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื’ื™ืœ 80 ืฉืœื ื•,
03:24
using about the same amount of food.
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ืชื•ืš ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืื•ืชื” ื›ืžื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจืš.
03:27
But will this only be available for the super rich,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื™ื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ?
03:29
for those that can afford it? Are we headed for a new eugenics?
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ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื•? ื”ืื ืื ื™ ืฆื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื—ืช ื’ื–ืข ืžืกื•ื’ ื—ื“ืฉ?
03:32
Will only those that are able to afford it
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ื”ืื ืจืง ืืœื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืœืขืฆืžื
03:35
be able to be this super race of the future?
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ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืง ื”ื ื’ื–ืข ื”ืขืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“?
03:38
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:39
So the big question for us is,
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื• ื”ื™ื
03:41
"How do we manage this technological change?"
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"ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื–ื”?"
03:43
How do we ensure that it creates
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ืฆื•ืจ
03:45
a more inclusive technology,
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ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื›ื•ืœืœื ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
03:47
a technology which means
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ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ื”ื™ื
03:50
that not only as we grow older,
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ืฉืœื ืจืง ืฉื ื–ื“ืงืŸ,
03:52
that we can also grow wiser, and that we're able to support
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ืืœื ืฉื ื—ื›ื™ื, ื•ืฉื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืชืžื•ืš
03:54
the populations of the future?
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ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“?
03:56
One of the most dramatic manifestations of these improvements
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืืœื”
03:59
will be moving from population pyramids
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”,
04:01
to what we might term population coffins.
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ืœืžื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื•ืช ืืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืชื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช.
04:04
There is unlikely to be a pension
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ื›ื ืจืื” ืœื ืชื™ื”ื™ื” ืคื ืกื™ื”
04:06
or a retirement age in 2030.
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ืื• ื’ื™ืœ ืคืจื™ืฉื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2030.
04:09
These will be redundant concepts. And this isn't only something of the West.
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ืืœื” ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจื™ื. ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืืคื™ื™ืŸ ืจืง ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘.
04:12
The most dramatic changes will be the skyscraper
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ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ื’ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื•ืช,
04:15
type of new pyramids
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ื’ื•ืจื“ื™ ืฉื—ืงื™ื,
04:17
that will take place in China and in many other countries.
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ืฉื™ืชืจื—ืฉื• ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
04:20
So forget about retirements if you're young.
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ืื– ืชืฉื›ื—ื• ืžืคืจื™ืฉื”, ืื ืืชื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื.
04:22
Forget about pensions. Think about life and where it's going to be going.
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ืชืฉื›ื—ื• ืžืคื ืกื™ื”. ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืืŸ ื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื.
04:25
Of course, migration will become even more important.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืจื” ืชื”ืคื•ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:28
The war on talent, the need to attract people
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ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืขืœ ื›ืฉืจื•ืŸ, ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืื ืฉื™ื,
04:30
at all skill ranges,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืจืžื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื,
04:32
to push us around in our wheelchairs,
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ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืืช ืขื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื–ืงื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
04:34
but also to drive our economies. Our innovation will be vital.
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื ื™ืข ืืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•. ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืชื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช.
04:37
The employment in the rich countries
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ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช
04:39
will go down from about 800
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ืชืจื“ ืžื›-800 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ
04:41
to about 700 million of these people.
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ืœื›-700 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
04:43
This would imply a massive leap in migration.
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ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื”ื’ื™ืจื”.
04:45
So the concerns, the xenophobic concerns of today,
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื“ืื’ื•ืช, ื”ื“ืื’ื•ืช ื”ื’ื–ืขื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื,
04:48
of migration, will be turned on their head,
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ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืจื”, ื™ืชื”ืคื›ื•,
04:50
as we search for people to help us sort out
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืื ื• ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœื ื• ืœืกื•ื•ื’
04:53
our pensions and our economies in the future.
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ืืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืืช ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœื ื•.
04:55
And then, the systemic risks.
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ื•ืื–, ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื.
04:57
We understand that these will become much more virulent,
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ืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืืœื” ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื‘ืงื™ื,
05:00
that what we see today
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ืฉืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื,
05:02
is this interweaving of societies, of systems,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืืจื’ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช, ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช,
05:05
fastened by technologies and hastened by just-in-time management systems.
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ืžื”ื•ื“ืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช, ืžื–ื•ืจื– ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ "ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ื–ืžืŸ"
05:10
Small levels of stock push resilience into other people's responsibility.
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ืจืžื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืœืื™ ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื.
05:15
The collapse in biodiversity,
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ื”ื ืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
05:17
climate change, pandemics, financial crises:
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื, ืžื’ืคื•ืช, ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื:
05:20
these will be the currency that we will think about.
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืขืœื™ื• ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
05:23
And so a new awareness will have to arise,
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ื•ื›ืš, ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ,
05:25
of how we deal with these, how we mobilize ourselves,
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืœื”, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื ื™ื™ื“ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•,
05:28
in a new way, and come together as a community
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ, ื•ื ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ื›ืงื”ื™ืœื”
05:31
to manage systemic risk.
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ืœื ื”ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ืชื™.
05:33
It's going to require innovation.
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ื–ื” ื™ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช.
05:35
It's going to require an understanding that the glory of globalization
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ื–ื” ื™ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืชื”ื™ืœืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื”
05:39
could also be its downfall.
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ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ื ืคื™ืœืชื”.
05:41
This could be our best century ever because of the achievements,
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ื–ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื.
05:44
or it could be our worst.
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ืื• ืฉืชื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื’ืจื•ืขื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:46
And of course we need to worry about the individuals,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื.
05:48
particularly the individuals that feel that they've
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื•ืชื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื•ืชืจื• ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ,
05:50
been left out in one way or another.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ืื• ืื—ืจืช.
05:52
An individual, for the first time in the history of humanity,
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ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ ืชื™ื”ื™ื”, ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช,
05:55
will have the capacity, by 2030,
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ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช, ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2030,
05:57
to destroy the planet, to wreck everything,
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ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ืืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืœื”ืจื•ืก ื”ื›ืœ,
06:00
through the creation, for example, of a biopathogen.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืคืชื•ื’ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœืžืฉืœ.
06:03
How do we begin to weave these tapestries together?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืืจื•ื’ ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ืืช ื”ืฉื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ื”ืืœื”?
06:05
How do we think about complex systems in new ways?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช?
06:08
That will be the challenge of the scholars,
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ื–ื” ื”ืืชื’ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื•ืžื“ื™ื,
06:10
and of all of us engaged in thinking about the future.
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ื•ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
06:13
The rest of our lives will be in the future. We need to prepare for it now.
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ืฉืืจื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ืชืจื—ืฉื• ื‘ืขืชื™ื“. ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ืขืจืš ืœืงืจืืช ื–ื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
06:16
We need to understand that the governance structure in the world is fossilized.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชืื‘ืŸ.
06:19
It cannot begin to cope with the challenges that this will bring.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืื•.
06:23
We have to develop a new way of managing the planet,
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืคืชื— ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
06:26
collectively, through collective wisdom.
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ื›ืงื”ื™ืœื”, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช.
06:28
We know, and I know from my own experience,
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ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืžืชื•ืš ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื™,
06:30
that amazing things can happen,
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ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืงืจื•ืช,
06:32
when individuals and societies come together
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื”
06:34
to change their future.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืขืชื™ื“ื.
06:36
I left South Africa, and 15 years later,
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ืื ื™ ืขื–ื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื”. ื•ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ 15 ืฉื ื”,
06:38
after thinking I would never go back,
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ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืืฉื•ื‘,
06:40
I had the privilege and the honor to work in the government of Nelson Mandela.
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืชื—ืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื ืœืกื•ืŸ ืžื ื“ืœื”.
06:43
This was a miracle. We can create miracles,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ืก. ืื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื ื™ืกื™ื,
06:45
collectively, in our lifetime.
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ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืื ื•.
06:47
It is vital that we do so.
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ื–ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”.
06:49
It is vital that the ideas that are nurtured in TED,
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ื–ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคื—ื™ื ื‘ TED
06:51
that the ideas that we think about
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ืฉื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื,
06:53
look forward, and make sure that this will be the most glorious century,
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ืžื™ื™ื—ืœื™ื ืœื”ื, ื•ื ื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื–ื• ืชื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืื” ื”ืžืคื•ืืจืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
06:56
and not one of eco-disaster and eco-collapse.
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ื•ืฉืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื–ื• ืžืื” ืฉืœ ืืกื•ืŸ -ืขืœ ื•ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช-ืขืœ.
06:59
Thank you. (Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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