Ian Goldin: Navigating our global future

92,029 views ・ 2009-10-23

TED


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Prevoditelj: Davorin Jelačić Recezent: Tilen Pigac - EFZG
00:15
The future, as we know it, is very unpredictable.
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Budućnost je, kao što znamo, vrlo nepredvidiva.
00:19
The best minds in the best institutions
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Najbolji umovi u najboljim institucijama
00:21
generally get it wrong.
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obično pogriješe.
00:23
This is in technology. This is in the area of politics,
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Događa se u tehnologiji. Događa se u politici,
00:27
where pundits, the CIA, MI6 always get it wrong.
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gdje autoriteti, CIA, MI6 uvijek pogriješe.
00:30
And it's clearly in the area of finance.
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A isto je očigledno i na području financija.
00:33
With institutions established to think about the future,
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Ni s institucijama uspostavljenim da razmišljaju o budućnosti,
00:35
the IMF, the BIS, the Financial Stability Forum, couldn't see what was coming.
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MMF, BIS, Forum za financijsku stabilnost nisu predvidjeli što dolazi.
00:39
Over 20,000 economists
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Preko 20.000 ekonomista
00:41
whose job it is, competitive entry to get there,
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kojima je to posao, a velika je konkurencija među njima,
00:43
couldn't see what was happening.
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nisu vidjeli što se događa.
00:45
Globalization is getting more complex.
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Globalizacija postaje sve složenija.
00:47
And this change is getting more rapid.
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I ta promjena postaje brža.
00:49
The future will be more unpredictable.
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Budućnost će biti još nepredvidivija.
00:51
Urbanization, integration,
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Urbanizacija, integracija,
00:53
coming together, leads to a new renaissance.
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združivanje, vode k novoj renesansi.
00:56
It did this a thousand years ago.
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To se dogodilo prije tisuću godina.
00:58
The last 40 years have been extraordinary times.
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Posljednjih 40 godina su bile izuzetno vrijeme.
01:01
Life expectancy has gone up by about 25 years.
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Očekivano trajanje života poraslo je za oko 25 godina.
01:04
It took from the Stone Age to achieve that.
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Za takav porast trebalo je čekati od kamenog doba.
01:07
Income has gone up for a majority of the world's population,
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Prihod se povećao za većinu svjetskog stanovništva,
01:09
despite the population going up by about two billion people over this period.
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usprkos rastu stanovništva za neke dvije milijarde ljudi tijekom tog razdoblja.
01:14
And illiteracy has gone down, from a half to about a quarter of the people on Earth.
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Nepismenost se smanjila, s polovice na otprilike četvrtinu svjetskog stanovništva.
01:17
A huge opportunity, unleashing of new potential
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Ogromna prilika koja oslobađa novi potencijal
01:20
for innovation, for development.
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za inovacije, za razvoj.
01:22
But there is an underbelly.
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Ali postoji i naličje.
01:24
There are two Achilles' heels of globalization.
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Globalizacija ima dvije ahilove pete.
01:27
There is the Achilles' heel of growing inequality --
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Jedna je ahilova peta rastuća nejednakost.
01:29
those that are left out, those that feel angry,
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Oni koji su isključeni, oni koji su ljutiti,
01:32
those that are not participating. Globalization
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oni koji ne sudjeluju. Globalizacija
01:34
has not been inclusive.
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ne uključuje svakoga.
01:36
The second Achilles' heel is complexity --
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Druga ahilova peta je složenost.
01:39
a growing fragility, a growing brittleness.
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Rastuća lomljivost, rastuća krhkost.
01:43
What happens in one place very quickly affects everything else.
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Ono što se događa na jednom mjestu vrlo brzo utječe na sve drugo.
01:46
This is a systemic risk, systemic shock.
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Ovo je sistemski rizik, sistemski šok.
01:49
We've seen it in the financial crisis. We've seen it in the pandemic flu.
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To smo vidjeli kod financijske krize. I kod pandemijske gripe.
01:52
It will become virulent and it's something we have to build resilience against.
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Ovo će se raširiti i na to moramo izgraditi otpornost.
01:56
A lot of this is driven by what's happening in technology.
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Mnogo toga je potaknuto događajima u tehnologiji.
01:59
There have been huge leaps. There will be a million-fold improvement
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Imamo ogromne skokove. Poboljšanje onoga što ćete moći
02:02
in what you can get for the same price
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dobiti za istu cijenu kad je riječ o računalima
02:04
in computing by 2030.
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porast će milijun puta do 2030.
02:06
That's what the experience of the last 20 years has been.
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To nam kaže iskustvo proteklih 20 godina.
02:08
It will continue.
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To će se nastaviti.
02:10
Our computers, our systems will be as primitive
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Naša računala, naši sustavi će biti jednako primitivni
02:13
as the Apollo's are for today.
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kako Apollo izgleda danas.
02:15
Our mobile phones are more powerful than the total Apollo space engine.
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Naši mobiteli su moćniji nego cjelokupni Apollov svemirski pogon.
02:18
Our mobile phones are more powerful than
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Naši mobiteli su moćniji
02:20
some of the strongest computers of 20 years ago.
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od nekih od najjačih računala otprije 20 godina.
02:22
So what will this do?
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Pa što će to prouzročiti?
02:24
It will create huge opportunities in technology.
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Stvorit će ogromne prilike u tehnologiji.
02:27
Miniaturization as well.
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I minijaturizaciji.
02:29
There will be invisible capacity. Invisible capacity in our bodies,
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Postojat će nevidljivi kapaciteti. Nevidljivi kapaciteti u našem tijelu,
02:32
in our brains, and in the air.
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u našem mozgu, u zraku.
02:34
This is a dust mite on a nanoreplica.
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To je uš nanoreplike.
02:37
This sort of ability to do everything in new ways unleashes potential,
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Sposobnost da sve radimo na novi način oslobađa potencijal,
02:41
not least in the area of medicine.
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u medicini ne manje nego drugdje.
02:43
This is a stem cell that we've developed here in Oxford,
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Ovo je matična stanica koju smo razvili u Oxfordu,
02:46
from an embryonic stem cell.
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od matične stanice zametka.
02:48
We can develop any part of the body.
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Možemo razviti bilo koji dio tijela.
02:50
Increasingly, over time, this will be possible from our own skin --
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Sve više, tijekom vremena, ovo će biti moguće od naše vlastite kože --
02:53
able to replicate parts of the body.
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moći ćemo stvoriti replike dijelova tijela.
02:55
Fantastic potential for regenerative medicine.
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Fantastični potencijal za regenerativnu medicinu.
02:57
I don't think there will be a Special Olympics long after 2030,
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Ne mislim da će specijalne Olimpijske igre postojati dugo nakon 2030.,
03:01
because of this capacity to regenerate parts of the body.
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zbog tog kapaciteta za regeneriranje dijelova tijela.
03:04
But the question is, "Who will have it?"
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No pitanje je, „Tko će ih dobiti?“
03:06
The other major development is going to be
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Drugi veliki napredak će biti
03:08
in the area of what can happen in genetics.
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na području genetike.
03:10
The capacity to create, as this mouse has been genetically modified,
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Sposobnost da stvorimo, kao ovaj genetski modificirani miš,
03:16
something which goes three times faster,
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nešto što se kreće tri puta brže,
03:18
lasts for three times longer, we could produce,
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traje tri puta dulje, mogli bismo smanjiti,
03:20
as this mouse can, to the age of our equivalent of 80 years,
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poput ovog miša, na dob u našem ekvivalentu od 80 godina,
03:24
using about the same amount of food.
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trošeći otprilike jednaku količinu hrane.
03:27
But will this only be available for the super rich,
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Ali hoće li to biti dostupno jedino super bogatima,
03:29
for those that can afford it? Are we headed for a new eugenics?
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onima koji si to mogu priuštiti? Idemo li prema novoj eugenici?
03:32
Will only those that are able to afford it
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Hoće li samo oni koji si to mogu priuštiti
03:35
be able to be this super race of the future?
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moći biti ta super rasa budućnosti?
03:38
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
03:39
So the big question for us is,
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Dakle, veliko je pitanje za nas,
03:41
"How do we manage this technological change?"
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"Kako upravljati ovom tehnološkom promjenom?"
03:43
How do we ensure that it creates
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Kako osigurati da donese
03:45
a more inclusive technology,
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tehnologiju koja uključuje više ljudi,
03:47
a technology which means
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tehnologiju koja znači
03:50
that not only as we grow older,
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ne samo da starimo,
03:52
that we can also grow wiser, and that we're able to support
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već i da postajemo mudriji i da smo u stanju uzdržavati
03:54
the populations of the future?
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stanovništvo budućnosti?
03:56
One of the most dramatic manifestations of these improvements
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Jedna od najdramatičnijih manifestacija ovih poboljšanja
03:59
will be moving from population pyramids
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će biti pomicanje od populacijskih piramida,
04:01
to what we might term population coffins.
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do nečega što možemo nazvati populacijskim lijesovima.
04:04
There is unlikely to be a pension
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Nije vjerojatno da će postojati mirovina
04:06
or a retirement age in 2030.
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ili dob za mirovinu u godini 2030.
04:09
These will be redundant concepts. And this isn't only something of the West.
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To će biti zastarjeli koncepti. I to nije nešto samo na Zapadu.
04:12
The most dramatic changes will be the skyscraper
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Najdramatičnije promjene će biti
04:15
type of new pyramids
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nove piramide tipa nebodera,
04:17
that will take place in China and in many other countries.
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koji će se pojaviti u Kini i mnogim drugim zemljama.
04:20
So forget about retirements if you're young.
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Pa zaboravite na umirovljenje ako ste mladi.
04:22
Forget about pensions. Think about life and where it's going to be going.
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Zaboravite mirovine. Razmišljajte o životu i o tome kamo će ići.
04:25
Of course, migration will become even more important.
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Naravno, migracije će postati još važnije.
04:28
The war on talent, the need to attract people
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Rat za nadarene, potreba za privlačenjem ljudi
04:30
at all skill ranges,
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s vještinama svih razina,
04:32
to push us around in our wheelchairs,
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neki da nas guraju u invalidskim kolicima,
04:34
but also to drive our economies. Our innovation will be vital.
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a neki da vode naše ekonomije. Inovacije će biti vitalne.
04:37
The employment in the rich countries
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Zaposlenost u bogatim zemljama
04:39
will go down from about 800
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će pasti s oko 800
04:41
to about 700 million of these people.
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na oko 700 milijuna ljudi.
04:43
This would imply a massive leap in migration.
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To implicira ogromni porast migracija.
04:45
So the concerns, the xenophobic concerns of today,
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Pa će se brige, ksenofobna zabrinutost današnjice,
04:48
of migration, will be turned on their head,
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brige oko migracija, okrenuti naglavačke,
04:50
as we search for people to help us sort out
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dok budemo u potrazi za ljudima koji će nam pomoći
04:53
our pensions and our economies in the future.
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urediti naše mirovine i naša gospodarstva u budućnosti.
04:55
And then, the systemic risks.
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A zatim, sistemski rizici.
04:57
We understand that these will become much more virulent,
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Razumijemo da će oni biti mnogo ozbiljniji,
05:00
that what we see today
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od ovih koje vidimo danas,
05:02
is this interweaving of societies, of systems,
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u ovom spletu društava, sustava,
05:05
fastened by technologies and hastened by just-in-time management systems.
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učvršćeni tehnologijom i uzbrzani just-in-time upravljačkim sustavima.
05:10
Small levels of stock push resilience into other people's responsibility.
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Niske razine zaliha prebacit će izdržljivost u odgovornost drugih ljudi.
05:15
The collapse in biodiversity,
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Slom bioraznolikosti,
05:17
climate change, pandemics, financial crises:
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klimatske promjene, pandemija, financijska kriza:
05:20
these will be the currency that we will think about.
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to će biti valuta o kojoj ćemo razmišljati.
05:23
And so a new awareness will have to arise,
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Pa će morati nastati nova svjesnost
05:25
of how we deal with these, how we mobilize ourselves,
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o tome kako ćemo se nositi s time, kako ćemo se mobilizirati,
05:28
in a new way, and come together as a community
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na nov način i okupiti se kao zajednica
05:31
to manage systemic risk.
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da bismo upravljali sistemskim rizikom.
05:33
It's going to require innovation.
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Trebat će inovacije.
05:35
It's going to require an understanding that the glory of globalization
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Trebat će razumijevanje da slava globalizacije
05:39
could also be its downfall.
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može značiti i njezin pad.
05:41
This could be our best century ever because of the achievements,
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Ovo bi moglo biti naše najbolje stoljeće ikada u smislu postignuća.
05:44
or it could be our worst.
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A moglo bi biti i naše najgore.
05:46
And of course we need to worry about the individuals,
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Naravno, moramo voditi brigu i o pojedincima.
05:48
particularly the individuals that feel that they've
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Naročito o pojednicima koji osjećaju
05:50
been left out in one way or another.
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da su zapostavljeni, na ovaj ili onaj način.
05:52
An individual, for the first time in the history of humanity,
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Pojedinac će prvi puta u povijesti čovječanstva
05:55
will have the capacity, by 2030,
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do 2030. imati kapacitet,
05:57
to destroy the planet, to wreck everything,
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razoriti planet, uništiti sve,
06:00
through the creation, for example, of a biopathogen.
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na primjer, stvarajući biopatogen.
06:03
How do we begin to weave these tapestries together?
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Kako uopće početi tkati ove tapiserije zajedno?
06:05
How do we think about complex systems in new ways?
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Kako razmišljati o složenim sustavima na nove načine?
06:08
That will be the challenge of the scholars,
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To će biti izazov za učenjake,
06:10
and of all of us engaged in thinking about the future.
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i za sve nas koji se bavimo razmišljanjem o budućnosti.
06:13
The rest of our lives will be in the future. We need to prepare for it now.
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Ostatak naših života će biti u budućnosti. Moramo se sada za to pripremiti.
06:16
We need to understand that the governance structure in the world is fossilized.
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Moramo razumjeti da je upravljačka struktura svijeta fosilizirana.
06:19
It cannot begin to cope with the challenges that this will bring.
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Nema se šanse nositi s izazovima koje će budućnost donijeti.
06:23
We have to develop a new way of managing the planet,
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Moramo razviti novi način upravljanja planetom,
06:26
collectively, through collective wisdom.
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zajednički, zajedničkom mudrošću.
06:28
We know, and I know from my own experience,
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Znamo, i ja znam, iz vlastitog iskustva,
06:30
that amazing things can happen,
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da se mogu dogoditi zapanjujuće stvari,
06:32
when individuals and societies come together
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kad se pojedinci i društva ujedine
06:34
to change their future.
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u promjeni njihove budućnosti.
06:36
I left South Africa, and 15 years later,
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Otišao sam iz Južne Afrike. I, 15 godina kasnije,
06:38
after thinking I would never go back,
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nakon što sam mislio da se nikada neću vratiti,
06:40
I had the privilege and the honor to work in the government of Nelson Mandela.
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imao sam privilegiju i čast raditi u vladi Nelsona Mandele.
06:43
This was a miracle. We can create miracles,
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To je bilo čudo. Možemo stvoriti čuda,
06:45
collectively, in our lifetime.
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zajednički, u našem životnom vijeku.
06:47
It is vital that we do so.
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Vitalno je važno da to učinimo.
06:49
It is vital that the ideas that are nurtured in TED,
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Vitalno je da ideje koje se njeguju na TED-u
06:51
that the ideas that we think about
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ideje o kojima razmišljamo,
06:53
look forward, and make sure that this will be the most glorious century,
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gledaju prema naprijed, i osiguraju da ovo bude najslavnije stoljeće,
06:56
and not one of eco-disaster and eco-collapse.
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a ne stoljeće eko-katastrofe, eko-sloma.
06:59
Thank you. (Applause)
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Hvala vam. (Pljesak)
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