Ian Goldin: Navigating our global future

92,709 views ใƒป 2009-10-23

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jeong-Lan Kinser ๊ฒ€ํ† : Young-ho Park
00:15
The future, as we know it, is very unpredictable.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
The best minds in the best institutions
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„
00:21
generally get it wrong.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ž˜๋ชป ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์ง€์š”.
00:23
This is in technology. This is in the area of politics,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ถ„์•ผ, ์ •์น˜๊ณ„, ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€
00:27
where pundits, the CIA, MI6 always get it wrong.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ค‘์•™์ •๋ณด๊ตญ, ์˜๊ตญ์˜ MI6 ์ •๋ณด๊ตญ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€์š”..
00:30
And it's clearly in the area of finance.
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ํŠนํžˆ ๊ธˆ์œต๊ณ„๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€์š”.
00:33
With institutions established to think about the future,
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค๋ฆฝ๋œ ๊ตญ์ œ ํ†ตํ™” ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ,
00:35
the IMF, the BIS, the Financial Stability Forum, couldn't see what was coming.
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๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐ์ œ์€ํ–‰, ๊ธˆ์œต์•ˆ์ „ํฌ๋Ÿผ๋„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
00:39
Over 20,000 economists
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๋‹คํˆฌ์–ด ๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
00:41
whose job it is, competitive entry to get there,
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์˜ˆ์ธกํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  2๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค๋„
00:43
couldn't see what was happening.
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๋ฌด์Šจ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ชฐ๋ž์ง€์š”.
00:45
Globalization is getting more complex.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๋Š” ์ ์  ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
And this change is getting more rapid.
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์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์†๋„๋Š” ๋” ๋นจ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
00:49
The future will be more unpredictable.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ๋” ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค์–ด ์งˆ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
Urbanization, integration,
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๋„์‹œํ™”์™€ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์€
00:53
coming together, leads to a new renaissance.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฅด๋„ค์ƒ์Šค๋กœ ์ด๋„๋Š”๋ฐ
00:56
It did this a thousand years ago.
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์ฒœ๋…„์ „์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ€ํฅ ์‹œ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
00:58
The last 40 years have been extraordinary times.
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์ง€๋‚œ 40๋…„๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ์€ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:01
Life expectancy has gone up by about 25 years.
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ค‘์— ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด 25๋…„์ •๋„ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:04
It took from the Stone Age to achieve that.
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์„๊ธฐ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:07
Income has gone up for a majority of the world's population,
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์ง€๋‚œ 40๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์— ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ 2์กฐ๋ช…
01:09
despite the population going up by about two billion people over this period.
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๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฌ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ž…์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ”์ง€์š”.
01:14
And illiteracy has gone down, from a half to about a quarter of the people on Earth.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฌธ๋งน์œจ๋„ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ •๋„์—์„œ ์•ฝ 1/4์ •๋„๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ”์ง€์š”.
01:17
A huge opportunity, unleashing of new potential
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ํ˜์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
01:20
for innovation, for development.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€์ด์ง€์š”.
01:22
But there is an underbelly.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
01:24
There are two Achilles' heels of globalization.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์—๋Š” ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ์ ์ด 2๊ฐœ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
01:27
There is the Achilles' heel of growing inequality --
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์ด ๊ณ„์† ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
those that are left out, those that feel angry,
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๋”ฐ๋Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค, ๋ถ„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ๋А๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค,
01:32
those that are not participating. Globalization
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์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ... ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๋Š”
01:34
has not been inclusive.
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ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:36
The second Achilles' heel is complexity --
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ทจ์•ฝ์„ฑ์€ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
a growing fragility, a growing brittleness.
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์ฆ‰, ์ฒด๊ณ„์  ํ—ˆ์•ฝ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
What happens in one place very quickly affects everything else.
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ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๊ธ‰์†๋„๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ณณ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
This is a systemic risk, systemic shock.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ณผ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
We've seen it in the financial crisis. We've seen it in the pandemic flu.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํ˜ผ๋ž€๊ณผ ๋ฒ”์„ธ๊ณ„ ์œ ํ–‰์„ฑ ๋…๊ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:52
It will become virulent and it's something we have to build resilience against.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋”์šฑ ์•…์„ฑํ™” ๋ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธธ๋Ÿฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
A lot of this is driven by what's happening in technology.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์˜ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
There have been huge leaps. There will be a million-fold improvement
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ฐจ๋ก€์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋„์•ฝ์„ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2030๋…„์ด ๋˜๋ฉด
02:02
in what you can get for the same price
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋Œ€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด 100๋งŒ๋ฐฐ
02:04
in computing by 2030.
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๋” ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
That's what the experience of the last 20 years has been.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก์€ ์ง€๋‚œ 20๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ์˜๊ฑฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
02:08
It will continue.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์€ ๊ณ„์†๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
Our computers, our systems will be as primitive
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์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์™€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ˆˆ์— ์•„ํด๋กœ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์ด
02:13
as the Apollo's are for today.
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๋ณด์ด๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์›์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
02:15
Our mobile phones are more powerful than the total Apollo space engine.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ด๋™์‹ ์ „ํ™”๋Š” ์•„ํด๋กœ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
Our mobile phones are more powerful than
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์€ 20๋…„์ „์—
02:20
some of the strongest computers of 20 years ago.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
So what will this do?
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐœ์ „์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
02:24
It will create huge opportunities in technology.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ์†Œํ˜•ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
02:27
Miniaturization as well.
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๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
There will be invisible capacity. Invisible capacity in our bodies,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด๋‚ด์—, ๋‘๋‡Œ์•ˆ์— ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์œก์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”
02:32
in our brains, and in the air.
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๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
This is a dust mite on a nanoreplica.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋จผ์ง€์ง„๋“œ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋‚˜๋…ธํ˜• ๋ณต์ œํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
This sort of ability to do everything in new ways unleashes potential,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹ ์€ ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ,
02:41
not least in the area of medicine.
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์˜์•ฝ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฟ ์—์„œ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
This is a stem cell that we've developed here in Oxford,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ์ด๊ณณ ์˜ฅ์Šคํฌ๋“œ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์•„ ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
02:46
from an embryonic stem cell.
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๊ธฐ๋ฅธ ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
We can develop any part of the body.
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์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์กฐ์ง์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
02:50
Increasingly, over time, this will be possible from our own skin --
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ”ผ๋ถ€์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ
02:53
able to replicate parts of the body.
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๋ณต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:55
Fantastic potential for regenerative medicine.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์žฌ์ƒ์˜ํ•™์— ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์•ฝ์†ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
I don't think there will be a Special Olympics long after 2030,
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์ €๋Š” 2030๋…„ ํ›„์—๋Š” ์žฅ์• ์ธ ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ์ด ์—†์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
03:01
because of this capacity to regenerate parts of the body.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ณง ์ธ์ฒด ์žฌ์ƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด ์งˆํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
03:04
But the question is, "Who will have it?"
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค๊ณณ์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋А๋ƒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:06
The other major development is going to be
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ 
03:08
in the area of what can happen in genetics.
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๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ์œ ์ „ํ•™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
The capacity to create, as this mouse has been genetically modified,
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๋˜‘ ๊ฐ™์€ ์Œ์‹์„ ๋จน๊ณ 
03:16
something which goes three times faster,
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3๋ฐฐ ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋›ฐ๊ณ , 3๋ฐฐ ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜๊ฐ€๊ณ 
03:18
lasts for three times longer, we could produce,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋กœ ๋”ฐ์ง€๋ฉด 80์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ ๋•Œ ๊นŒ์ง€
03:20
as this mouse can, to the age of our equivalent of 80 years,
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๋ฒˆ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž ์กฐ์ž‘๋œ
03:24
using about the same amount of food.
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์‹คํ—˜์ฅ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
03:27
But will this only be available for the super rich,
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๊ฐ‘๋ถ€๋“ค๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:29
for those that can afford it? Are we headed for a new eugenics?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์šฐ์ƒํ•™์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
03:32
Will only those that are able to afford it
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๋ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋งŒ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์šฐ๋Ÿ‰ ์ธ์ข…์ด
03:35
be able to be this super race of the future?
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๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
03:38
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:39
So the big question for us is,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
03:41
"How do we manage this technological change?"
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"์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?
03:43
How do we ensure that it creates
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด
03:45
a more inclusive technology,
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๋‚˜์ด๋ฅผ ๋จน์œผ๋ฉฐ
03:47
a technology which means
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๋” ์Šฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ์›Œ ์งˆ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
03:50
that not only as we grow older,
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋’ท๋ฐ”์นจํ•ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
03:52
that we can also grow wiser, and that we're able to support
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๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜
03:54
the populations of the future?
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์žˆ๋ƒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
One of the most dramatic manifestations of these improvements
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ฐœ์ „์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š”
03:59
will be moving from population pyramids
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ตฌ ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
04:01
to what we might term population coffins.
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์†Œ์œ„ "๊ด€(ๆฃบ) ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ"๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
There is unlikely to be a pension
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2030๋…„์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์ด๋‚˜
04:06
or a retirement age in 2030.
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์€ํ‡ด์—ฐ๋ น์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
These will be redundant concepts. And this isn't only something of the West.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ๋ง์€ ํ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์„œ๋ถ€๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋งŒ ๊ตญํ•œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
The most dramatic changes will be the skyscraper
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜
04:15
type of new pyramids
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์ธ๊ตฌ ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๊ฐ€
04:17
that will take place in China and in many other countries.
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๊ณ ์ธต๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
So forget about retirements if you're young.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ Š์€๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์€ํ‡ด๋Š” ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์„ธ์š”.
04:22
Forget about pensions. Think about life and where it's going to be going.
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์—ฐ๊ธˆ๋„ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์‹œ๊ณ  ์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ, ์•ž๋‚ ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:25
Of course, migration will become even more important.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ด๋ฏผ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
The war on talent, the need to attract people
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ น์ธ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ
04:30
at all skill ranges,
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๋Œ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฌ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„
04:32
to push us around in our wheelchairs,
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ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‹ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
04:34
but also to drive our economies. Our innovation will be vital.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹ ์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
The employment in the rich countries
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๋ถ€๊ฐ•๊ตญ๋“ค์˜ ์ด ๋…ธ๋™์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š”
04:39
will go down from about 800
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8์–ต์—์„œ ์•ฝ 7์–ต์œผ๋กœ
04:41
to about 700 million of these people.
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์ €ํ•˜๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
This would imply a massive leap in migration.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋ฏผ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€ํญ์ ์ธ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์•”์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
So the concerns, the xenophobic concerns of today,
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๊ณ 
04:48
of migration, will be turned on their head,
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•ด์ค„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ๊ฒŒ๋  ๋•Œ
04:50
as we search for people to help us sort out
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์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ํ˜์˜ค ์„ธ๋ ฅ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„
04:53
our pensions and our economies in the future.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
And then, the systemic risks.
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๊ทธ์™ธ์—๋„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
04:57
We understand that these will become much more virulent,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์œ ํ•ดํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ 
05:00
that what we see today
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
05:02
is this interweaving of societies, of systems,
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ
05:05
fastened by technologies and hastened by just-in-time management systems.
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ํ•ฉ์ณ์ง€๊ณ  ์ฆ‰์‹œ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ์˜๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ƒํ˜ธ์˜์กด๋„๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
Small levels of stock push resilience into other people's responsibility.
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์žฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์˜์กด๋„๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€์ง€์š”.
05:15
The collapse in biodiversity,
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์ƒ๋ฌผ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์˜ ๋ถ•๊ดด,
05:17
climate change, pandemics, financial crises:
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”, ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘, ๊ธˆ์œต ์œ„๊ธฐ,
05:20
these will be the currency that we will think about.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
And so a new awareness will have to arise,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
05:25
of how we deal with these, how we mobilize ourselves,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋™์›์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ „์ฒด์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”
05:28
in a new way, and come together as a community
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์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ณต๋™์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ ๋‹จ๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”
05:31
to manage systemic risk.
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์ธ์‹์ด ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
It's going to require innovation.
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์ด ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š” ํ˜์‹ ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
It's going to require an understanding that the glory of globalization
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๊ตญ์ œํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๊ด‘์€ ๋ชฐ๋ฝ๋„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
05:39
could also be its downfall.
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์ดํ•ดํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
This could be our best century ever because of the achievements,
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๊ธˆ์„ธ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ๋•Œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋˜์ง€
05:44
or it could be our worst.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
And of course we need to worry about the individuals,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ณต์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
particularly the individuals that feel that they've
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ํŠนํžˆ ์–ด๋–ค๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋”ฐ๋Œ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ 
05:50
been left out in one way or another.
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๋А๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋”์šฑ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
An individual, for the first time in the history of humanity,
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2030๋…„์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ๋“ค๋ฉด ์ธ๋ฅ˜์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ
05:55
will have the capacity, by 2030,
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์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ๋ณ‘์›์ฒด๋ฅผ
05:57
to destroy the planet, to wreck everything,
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํŒŒ๊ดด์‹œํ‚ฌ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
06:00
through the creation, for example, of a biopathogen.
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๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
How do we begin to weave these tapestries together?
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ฉ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
06:05
How do we think about complex systems in new ways?
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋“ค์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
06:08
That will be the challenge of the scholars,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ํ•™์ž ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
06:10
and of all of us engaged in thinking about the future.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋„์ „ํ•  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
The rest of our lives will be in the future. We need to prepare for it now.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ฌ์ƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ค€๋น„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
We need to understand that the governance structure in the world is fossilized.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ• ํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ์ง๋“ค์€ ํ™”์„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ณ ์ •๋๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
It cannot begin to cope with the challenges that this will bring.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์žฅ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ๋„์ „์‚ฌํ•ญ๋“ค์— ์†๋„ ๋Œ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
We have to develop a new way of managing the planet,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์ง€ํ˜œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ์ง‘๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ
06:26
collectively, through collective wisdom.
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๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
We know, and I know from my own experience,
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ
06:30
that amazing things can happen,
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๊ฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
06:32
when individuals and societies come together
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ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜
06:34
to change their future.
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์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
I left South Africa, and 15 years later,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ์„ ๋– ๋‚˜๊ณ  15๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œํ›„,
06:38
after thinking I would never go back,
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ๋Š” ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
06:40
I had the privilege and the honor to work in the government of Nelson Mandela.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋„ฌ์Šจ ๋งŒ๋ธ๋ผ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๊ด‘์™€ ๋ช…์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
06:43
This was a miracle. We can create miracles,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ,
06:45
collectively, in our lifetime.
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๊ธฐ์ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
06:47
It is vital that we do so.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
It is vital that the ideas that are nurtured in TED,
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TED์—์„œ ์–‘์œกํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”
06:51
that the ideas that we think about
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋ฉฐ
06:53
look forward, and make sure that this will be the most glorious century,
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์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธˆ์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ฐธ์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๋ถ•๊ดด์˜ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
06:56
and not one of eco-disaster and eco-collapse.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜๊ด‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
Thank you. (Applause)
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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