Aris Venetikidis: Making sense of maps

64,672 views ใƒป 2012-10-01

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Mark Freehoff ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
What I do is I organize information.
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ืื ื™ ืžืืจื’ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข. ืื ื™ ืžืขืฆื‘ ื’ืจืคื™.
00:17
I'm a graphic designer.
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00:18
Professionally, I try to make sense
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ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช, ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชื“ืœ ืœืœื‘ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
00:21
often of things that don't make much sense themselves.
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ืฉืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ืขืฆืžื ืื™ื ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš.
00:25
So my father might not understand what it is that I do for a living.
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ืื‘ื™ ื‘ืกืคืง ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžื”
ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืœืžื—ื™ื™ืชื™.
ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืฉื•ืฉืœืช ื”ื™ื•ื—ืกื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื• ื—ืงืœืื™ื.
00:29
His part of my ancestry has been farmers.
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00:31
He's part of this ethnic minority called the Pontic Greeks.
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ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืคื•ื ื˜ื™ื›ื™ื.
ื”ื ืฉื›ื ื• ื‘ืืกื™ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื”, ื•ื ืกื• ืœื™ื•ื•ืŸ
00:35
They lived in Asia Minor and fled to Greece after a genocide
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ืœืื—ืจ ืจืฆื— ืขื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžืื” ืฉื ื™ื,
00:39
about a hundred years ago.
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00:41
And ever since that, migration has somewhat been a theme in my family.
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ื•ืžืื–, ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืžืจื›ื™ื‘
ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™.
ืื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื’ืจ ืœื’ืจืžื ื™ื”, ืฉื ืœืžื“ ื•ื”ืชื—ืชืŸ
00:46
My father moved to Germany, studied there and married,
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00:50
and as a result, I now have this half-German brain,
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ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืžื•ื— ืฉืžื—ืฆื™ืชื• ื”ื™ื ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช
ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ืื ืืœื™ื˜ื™ืช
00:55
with all the analytical thinking and that slightly dorky demeanor
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ื•ืขื ื”ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืจืžื™ืช ื‘ืžืงืฆืช.
00:58
that come with that.
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01:00
And of course it meant that I was a foreigner in both countries,
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ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื ื’ื–ืจ ืขืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ืจ ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช,
01:03
and that of course made it pretty easy for me to migrate as well,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืกืชื ืื™ืคืฉืจ ืœื™ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช
ืœื”ื’ืจ ื’ื ืื ื™, ืœืคื™ ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช, ืื ืชืจืฆื•.
01:07
in good family tradition, if you like.
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01:10
But of course, most journeys that we undertake from day to day
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ืืš ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉืœืจื•ื‘ ืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœืžืกืขื•ืช
ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขื™ืจ, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
01:14
are within a city.
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01:15
And, especially if you know the city,
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ืื ืืชื” ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ, ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืž-A ืœ-B
01:18
getting from A to B may seem pretty obvious, right?
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ื ืจืื” ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
01:23
But the question is, why is it obvious?
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ืืš ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื, ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ?
01:26
How do we know where we're going?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืืŸ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื?
01:29
So I washed up on a Dublin ferry port about 12 years ago,
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื ืกื—ืคืชื™ ืœื—ื•ืฃ ืžืขื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืœื™ืŸ
ืœืคื ื™ 12 ืฉื ื” ื‘ืขืจืš, ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืขืœ ืžืงืฆื•ืข, ืื ืชืจืฆื•,
01:33
a professional foreigner, if you like,
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01:35
and I'm sure you've all had this experience before, yeah?
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ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื—ื•ื•ื” ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื›ื–ืืช, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
01:38
You arrive in a new city,
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ืืชื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืขื™ืจ ืœื ืžื•ื›ืจืช, ื•ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœืš ืžืชืืžืฅ
01:40
and your brain is trying to make sense of this new place.
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกื“ืจ ืžื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื”.
01:44
Once you find your base, your home,
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ื›ืฉืชืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืฉืœืš, ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœืš,
ืืชื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืคื” ื—ื•ื•ื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœืš.
01:48
you start to build this cognitive map of your environment.
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01:52
It's essentially this virtual map that only exists in your brain.
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ื”ืžืคื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืจืง
ืืฆืœืš ื‘ืžื•ื— . ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช,
01:56
All animal species do it,
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01:58
even though we all use slightly different tools.
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ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืžืขื˜ ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
02:01
Us humans, of course, we don't move around marking our territory by scent, like dogs.
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ืื ื•, ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืœื ื ืขื™ื ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื
ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืจื™ื—, ื›ืžื• ื›ืœื‘ื™ื.
02:07
We don't run around emitting ultrasonic squeaks, like bats.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืฉืชื•ืœืœื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ื”ืฉืžืขืช ืฆื™ืคืฆื•ืคื™ื ืื•ืœื˜ืจื” ืกื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื.
02:12
We just don't do that,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ืš,
02:14
although a night in the Temple Bar district can get pretty wild.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืœื•ื™ ืœื™ืœื™ ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– TEMPLE BAR ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ืข. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:18
(Laughter)
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02:19
No, we do two important things to make a place our own.
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ืœื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื ื›ืก ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ืžืงื•ื.
02:23
First, we move along linear routes.
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ืงื•ื“ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืขื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ืงื•ื™ื™ื.
02:26
Typically, we find a main street,
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ืœืจื•ื‘ ื ืžืฆื ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืจืืฉื™ ื•ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื”ื–ื”
02:29
and this main street becomes a linear strip map in our minds.
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ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืžืคื” ืœื™ื ืืจื™ืช ื‘ืžื•ื—ื™ื ื•.
02:32
But our mind keeps it pretty simple, yeah?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช, ื›ืŸ?
02:34
Every street is generally perceived as a straight line,
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ื›ืœ ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื ืชืคืก ืœืจื•ื‘ ื›ืงื• ื™ืฉืจ,
02:38
and we kind of ignore the little twists and turns that the streets make.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืขืœืžื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืคื™ื˜ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืขื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
02:42
When we do, however, make a turn into a side street,
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ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืจื“ ืœืจื—ื•ื‘ ืฆื“ื“ื™,
02:44
our mind tends to adjust that turn to a 90-degree angle.
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ืžื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืงื ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ื” ื–ื• ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ืฉืœ 90 ืžืขืœื•ืช.
ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืจื’ืขื™ื ืžืฆื—ื™ืงื™ื
02:50
This of course makes for some funny moments
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02:52
when you're in some old city layout
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืขืชื™ืงื” ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื”
02:55
that follows some sort of circular city logic, yeah?
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ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืขื’ืœื™ ืœืžืชืืจ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื›ืŸ?
ืื•ืœื™ ื—ื•ื•ื™ืชื ืืช ื–ื” ื’ื, ื›ืŸ?
03:00
Maybe you've had that experience as well.
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ื‘ื•ื ื ื’ื™ื“ ืฉืืชื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืฆื“ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื
03:02
Let's say you're on some spot on a side street
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03:05
that projects from a main cathedral square,
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ืžื›ื™ื›ืจ ืงื˜ื“ืจืœื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช, ื•ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข
03:07
and you want to get to another point on a side street just like that.
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ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืฆื“ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืžื”.
03:12
The cognitive map in your mind may tell you,
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ื”ืžืคื” ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ืชื™ืช ื‘ืžื•ื— ืฉืœืš ืื•ืžืจืช ืœืš," ืืจื™ืก,
03:16
"Aris, go back to the main cathedral square,
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ืชื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื™ื›ืจ ื”ืงื˜ื“ืจืœื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช, ืœืš
03:19
take a 90-degree turn and walk down that other side street."
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90 ืžืขืœื•ืช ื•ืจื“ ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื ื™."
03:23
But somehow you feel adventurous that day, and you suddenly discover
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ืืš ืื™ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืืชื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืจืคืชืงืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื,
ื•ืœืคืชืข ืืชื” ืžื’ืœื” ืฉืฉืชื™ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช
03:28
that the two spots were actually only a single building apart.
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ื”ื™ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.
03:33
Now, I don't know about you,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื’ื‘ื™ื›ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ื—ืฉ ื›ืžื’ืœื”
03:34
but I always feel like I find this wormhole
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ื—ื•ืจ ืชื•ืœืขืช ืื• ืฉืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืจื—ื‘ื™.
03:36
or this inter-dimensional portal.
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03:39
(Laughter)
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03:40
So we move along linear routes
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืขื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ืงื•ื™ื™ื
ื•ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ืžื™ื™ืฉืจ ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ื•ืช
03:44
and our mind straightens streets and perceives turns as 90-degree angles.
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ื›ื‘ืขืœื•ืช 90 ืžืขืœื•ืช.
ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืœื ื›ืก ืœืขืฆืžื™ื ื• ืžืงื•ื
03:50
The second thing that we do to make a place our own
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ื”ื•ื ืœืฉื™ื™ืš ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื•ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื™ื
03:53
is we attach meaning and emotions to the things
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03:57
that we see along those lines.
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ื”ื ืจืื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ืื•ืชื ื”ืงื•ื™ื.
ืื ืชื˜ื™ื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื”ืื™ืจื™ื™ื, ื•ืชืฉืืœื• ืงืฉื™ืฉื”
04:00
If you go to the Irish countryside and you ask an old lady for directions,
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ืื™ืš ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื, ื”ื™ื›ื•ื ื•
04:06
brace yourself for some elaborate Irish storytelling
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ืœืฉืขืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ืœ ืชื•ื•ืื™ ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ.ื›ืŸ?
04:10
about all the landmarks, yeah?
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04:12
She'll tell you the pub where her sister used to work,
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ื”ื™ื ืชืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืื‘ ืื™ืคื” ืฉืื—ื•ืชื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช,
04:15
and "... go past that church where I got married," that kind of thing.
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ื•ืื– ืขื‘ืจื• ืืช ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืชื—ืชื ืชื™, ื›ื›ื” ื‘ืขืจืš.
04:18
So we fill our cognitive maps with these markers of meaning.
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ืื– ืื ื• ืžืžืœืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืกืžื ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืืœื”.
ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ืื ื• ืžืคืฉื˜ื™ื,
04:23
What's more, we abstract repeat patterns and recognize them.
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ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื–ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ.
04:28
We recognize them by the experiences and we abstract them into symbols.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื–ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช
ื•ืžืคืฉื˜ื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืกืžืœื™ื.
04:34
And of course, we're all capable of understanding these symbols.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื
ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกืžืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:39
(Laughter)
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ื™ืชื™ืจื” ืžื–ืืช, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
04:41
What's more, we're all capable of understanding the cognitive maps,
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ืืช ื”ืžืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ื•ืœื›ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื
04:45
and you are all capable of creating these cognitive maps yourselves.
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ืœื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืžืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืœื‘ื“ื›ื.
04:51
So next time, when you want to tell your friend how to get to your place,
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ืื– ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื”, ื›ืฉืชืจืฆื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœืš ืื™ืš ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืืœื™ื›ื,
04:54
you grab a beermat, grab a napkin, and you just observe yourself
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ืืชื” ื ื•ื˜ืœ ืชื—ืชื™ืช ืœื›ื•ืก, ืชื•ืคืก ืžืคื™ืช,
ื•ืืชื” ืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ืขืฆืžืš ืžืฉืจื˜ื˜ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”
04:59
create this awesome piece of communication design.
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ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืชื™. ื™ืฉ ืงื•ื™ื ื™ืฉืจื™ื.
05:04
It's got straight lines.
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05:05
It's got 90-degree corners.
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ื™ืฉ ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ 90 ืžืขืœื•ืช.
ืื•ืœื™ ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ืกืžืœื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื“ืจืš.
05:08
You might add little symbols along the way.
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ื•ืœื›ืฉืชื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืฉื–ื” ืขืชื” ืฆื™ื™ืจืช
05:10
And when you look at what you've just drawn,
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ืืชื” ืงื•ืœื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืคืช ืจื—ื•ื‘.
05:14
you realize it does not resemble a street map.
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05:18
If you were to put an actual street map on top of what you've just drawn,
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ืœื• ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžื ื™ื— ืžืคืช ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืืžื™ืชื™ืช
ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžื” ืฉื›ืจื’ืข ืฆื™ื™ืจืช, ืชื’ืœื” ืฉื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœืš
05:23
you'd realize your streets and the distances -- they'd be way off.
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ื•ื”ืžืจื—ืงื™ื, ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื™ื—ืคืคื•.
05:28
No, what you've just drawn is more like a diagram or a schematic.
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ืœื, ืžื” ืฉื›ืจื’ืข ืฆื™ื™ืจืช
ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืฉืจื˜ื•ื˜ ืื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช.
05:34
It's a visual construct of lines, dots, letters,
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ื–ื” ื”ืจื›ื‘ื” ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ื™ื, ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช, ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช,
ืœืคื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืคืช ืžื•ื—ื™ื ื•.
05:39
designed in the language of our brains.
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05:41
So it's no big surprise
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ืื– ื–ื• ืœื ื”ืคืชืขื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉื”ืื™ื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข
05:43
that the big information-design icon of the last century --
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื”ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ืžืจืื™ื ืœื›ื•ืœื
05:48
the pinnacle of showing everybody how to get from A to B,
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืž-A ืœ-B, ืžืคืช ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืœื•ื ื“ื•ื ื™ืช
05:53
the London Underground map --
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ืœื ืขื•ืฆื‘ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืจื˜ื˜ ืžืคื•ืช ืื• ืžืขืฆื‘ ืขืจื™ื.
05:55
was not designed by a cartographer or a city planner;
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05:59
it was designed by an engineering draftsman.
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ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฆื‘ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืจื˜ื˜ ื”ื ื“ืกื”.
06:03
In the 1930s,
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ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-30 ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช, ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืง, ื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช
06:05
Harry Beck applied the principles of schematic diagram design
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ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉืจื˜ื•ื˜ ืกื›ืžื˜ื™, ื•ืฉื ื”
06:11
and changed the way public transport maps are designed forever.
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ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืžืคื•ืช ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืขื•ืฆื‘ื• ืœืขื•ืœื.
06:16
Now the very key to the success of this map
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ื›ืขืช ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉืœ ืžืคื” ื–ื•
ื—ื‘ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘
06:20
is in the omission of less important information
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06:24
and in the extreme simplification.
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ื•ื‘ื”ืคืฉื˜ื” ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช.
ืื– ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจื™ื, ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ 90 ืžืขืœื•ืช ื•ืฉืœ 45 ืžืขืœื•ืช,
06:27
So, straightened streets, corners of 90 and 45 degrees,
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ืืš ื’ื ื‘ืขื™ื•ื•ืช ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืฉื‘ืžืคื” ื–ื•.
06:31
but also the extreme geographic distortion in that map.
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ืœื• ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ืžื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืืœื•,
06:37
If you were to look at the actual locations of these stations,
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06:41
you'd see they're very different.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืจื•ืื” ืฉื”ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“. ื›ืŸ?
06:43
But this is all for the clarity of the public Tube map.
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ืืš ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžืคืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช.
06:48
If you, say, wanted to get from Regent's Park station
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ? ืื ื ื’ื™ื“, ืจืฆื™ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืชื—ื ืช-ืจื™ื’'ื ื˜ืก ืคืืจืง
06:51
to Great Portland Street,
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ืœืจื—ื•ื‘ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืจื˜ืœื ื“, ืžืคืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืชื•ืžืจ ืœืš,
06:53
the Tube map would tell you:
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ื›ื— ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช, ืกืข ืœืจื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื™ืงืจ, ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ, ื›ื— ืจื›ื‘ืช ืื—ืจืช.
06:55
take the Tube, go to Baker Street, change over, take another Tube.
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06:59
Of course, what you don't know is that the two stations
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ืฉืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ื•ื ืฉืฉืชื™ ื”ืชื—ื ื•ืช
ืžื•ืจื—ืงื•ืช ื–ื• ืžื–ื• ืจืง ื›ืžืื” ืžื˜ืจ.
07:03
are only about a hundred meters apart.
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ื›ืขืช ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช,
07:06
Now we've reached the subject of public transport,
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07:09
and public transport here in Dublin
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ื•ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื›ืืŸ ื‘-ื“ืื‘ื™ืŸ
ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฉื ืžืขื˜ ืจื’ื™ืฉ. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:12
is a somewhat touchy subject.
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07:14
(Laughter)
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ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืžื›ื™ืจ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื›ืืŸ ื‘-DUBLIN'
07:16
For everybody who does not know the public transport here in Dublin,
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07:19
essentially, we have this system of local buses that grew with the city.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื
ืฉื’ื“ืœื” ืขื ื”ืขื™ืจ. ืœื›ืœ ืคืจื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืชื•ื•ืกืฃ,
07:24
For every outskirt that was added, there was another bus route added,
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ื”ืชื•ื•ืกืฃ ื’ื ืงื• ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื
07:28
running from the outskirt all the way to the city center.
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ื”ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื”ืคืจื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืืœ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ,
ื•ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื ืืœ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ
07:33
And as these local buses approach the city center,
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07:37
they all run side by side and converge in pretty much one main street.
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ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืืœื” ืœืฆื“ื ืฉืœ ืืœื”, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื ื“ื™ ืžืชื›ื ืกื™ื
ืœืจื—ื•ื‘ ืจืืฉื™ ืื—ื“.
07:42
So when I stepped off the boat 12 years ago,
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ืจื“ืชื™ ืžื”ืื•ื ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ 12 ืฉื ื™ื,
07:46
I tried to make sense of that.
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ืื ื™ ื”ืฉืชื“ืœืชื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ื”,
ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืกื™ื•ืจ ืจื’ืœื™ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื›ื•ื—ื• ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ.
07:50
Because exploring a city on foot only gets you so far.
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07:55
But when you explore a foreign and new public transport system,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืืชื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ื–ืจื”,
ืืชื” ืชื‘ื ื” ืžืคื” ื—ื•ื•ื™ืชื™ืช ื‘ืžื•ื— ืฉืœืš
08:00
you will build a cognitive map in your mind in pretty much the same way.
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืžื”.
08:06
Typically, you choose yourself a rapid transport route,
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ืœืจื•ื‘, ืชื‘ื—ืจ ืœืขืฆืžืš ื ืชื™ื‘ ืžื”ื™ืจ,
08:11
and in your mind, this route is perceived as a straight line.
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ื•ื‘ืจืืฉ ืฉืœืš ื ืชื™ื‘ ื–ื” ื ืชืคืก ื›ืงื• ื™ืฉืจ,
08:15
And like a pearl necklace,
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ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืคื ื™ื ื™ื, ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขืฆื™ืจื•ืช
08:17
all the stations and stops are nicely and neatly aligned along the line.
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ืžืกื•ื“ืจื•ืช ื™ืคื” ื™ืคื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืงื•,
08:22
And only then you start to discover some local bus routes
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ื•ืจืง ืื– ืืชื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื” ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื
ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื’ืฉืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœื™ื ื•ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืืช
08:28
that would fill in the gaps,
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08:30
and that allow for those wormhole, inter-dimensional portal shortcuts.
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ื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืœืขืช, ืงื™ืฆื•ืจื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
08:36
So I tried to make sense, and when I arrived,
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ืื– ื”ืฉืชื“ืœืชื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื” ื•ื›ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™
08:40
I was looking for some information leaflets
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ืื ื™ ื—ื™ืคืฉืชื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœื™
08:42
that would help me crack this system and understand it,
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ื‘ืคื™ืฆื•ื— ืžืขืจื›ืช ื–ื• ื•ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืชื”,
08:46
and I found those brochures.
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ื•ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:48
(Laughter)
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08:52
They were not geographically distorted.
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ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ื•ืชื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช.
ื”ื ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข,
08:56
They had a lot of omission of information,
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09:00
but unfortunately, the wrong information.
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ืืš ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื ืืžืจ, ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ.
09:02
Say, in the city center --
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09:04
there were never actually any lines that showed the routes.
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ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืงื•ื™ื ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื.
09:07
(Laughter)
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09:08
There are actually not even any stations with names.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืฉืฉืžื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืช.
09:13
(Laughter)
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09:14
Now, the maps of Dublin transport have gotten better,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉื•ืคืจื• ื”ืžืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ื“ืื‘ืœื™ืŸ,
ื•ืœื›ืฉืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ืŸ ืฉื•ืคืจื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื”ื•ืชื™,
09:20
and after I finished the project, they got a good bit better,
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09:25
but still no station names, still no routes.
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ืืฃ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืช ืœืชื—ื ื•ืช, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื.
09:28
So, being naive, and being half-German, I decided,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื™ ืชืžื™ื ื•ื’ืจืžื ื™ ืœืžื—ืฆื”, ืื ื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™,
09:34
"Aris, why don't you build your own map?"
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" ืืจื™ืก, ืœืžื” ืฉืœื ืชืขืฉื” ืžืคื” ืžืฉืœืš?"
09:37
So that's what I did.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื›ืš ืขืฉื™ืชื™. ืื ื™ ื—ืงืจืชื™ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื›ืœ
09:39
I researched how each and every bus route moved through the city, nice and logical,
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ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ื ืขื• ื‘ื“ืจื›ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื™ืจ,
ื™ืคื” ื•ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™, ืœื›ืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ ืงื• ืžืฉืœื•,
09:45
every bus route a separate line.
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09:47
I plotted it into my own map of Dublin,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื™ืงืžืชื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืคื” ืฉืœื™ ืฉืœ ื“ืื‘ืœื™ืŸ,
ื•ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ,
09:51
and in the city center ...
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09:53
I got a nice spaghetti plate.
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ื™ืฆืื” ืœื™ ืขืจื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืกืคื’ื˜ื™. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:55
(Laughter)
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืœื’ืŸ, ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™, ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืกืชื,
09:58
Now, this is a bit of a mess,
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10:01
so I decided, of course,
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10:03
"You're going to apply the rules of schematic design,"
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ืืชื” ืชื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืกื›ืžื˜ื™,
10:06
cleaning up the corridors,
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ืœื ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช
10:08
widening the streets where there were loads of buses
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื”ืจืจื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื, ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื
10:11
and making the streets at straight, 90-degree corners, 45-degree corners
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ื™ืฉืจื™ื, ืคื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืช 90 ืžืขืœื•ืช, ืคื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืช 45 ืžืขืœื•ืช, ืื• ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืžืืœื•,
10:16
or fractions of that,
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10:17
and filled it in with the bus routes.
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ื•ืžืœืืชื™ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื. ื•ื”ืจื›ื‘ืชื™ ืžืคืช ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ืœืžืจื›ื–
10:20
And I built this city center bus map of the system,
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ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช, ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื.
10:24
how it was five years ago.
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10:26
I'll zoom in again so that you get the full impact
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ืื ื™ ืืขืฉื” ื–ื•ื ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืชืชืจืฉืžื•
10:28
of the quays and Westmoreland Street.
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ืžื”ืžื–ื—ื™ื ื•ืžืจื—ื•ื‘ ื•ื•ืกื˜ืžื•ืจืœื ื“ . (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:31
(Laughter)
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ื›ืขืช ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืืžืจ ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” -- (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื) --
10:34
Now I can proudly say --
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10:36
(Applause)
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10:42
I can proudly say, as a public transport map,
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ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืืžืจ ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ื‘ื—ื–ืงืช ืžืคื” ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช,
10:46
this diagram is an utter failure.
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ื”ืฉืจื˜ื•ื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื’ืžื•ืจ-- (ืฆื—ื•ืง) --
10:50
(Laughter)
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10:52
Except, probably, in one aspect:
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ืœืžืขื˜ ืื•ืœื™ ืžื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื—ื“:
10:54
I now had a great visual representation
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื’ื ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ ื ืคืœื
10:57
of just how clogged up and overrun the city center really was.
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ืฉืœ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ ืกืชื•ื ื•ืžื•ืฆืฃ.
11:01
Now, call me old-fashioned,
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ืื– ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื›ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื™ ืžื™ื•ืฉืŸ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘
11:04
but I think a public transport route map should have lines,
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ืฉืžืคื” ืœื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื–ืงื•ืงื” ืœืงื•ื™ื,
11:07
because that's what they are, yeah?
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื. ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
ื”ื ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ื—ื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืžืคืœื—ื™ื ืืช ื“ืจื›ื
11:10
They're little pieces of string that wrap their way
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11:13
through the city center or through the city.
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ื“ืจืš ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ ืื• ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื™ืจ.
11:15
If you will, the Greek guy inside of me feels if I don't get a line,
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ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื›ื, ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ ืฉื‘ืชื•ื›ื™ ื—ืฉ, ืฉืื ืœื
ืืงื‘ืœ ืงื•, ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืžื‘ื•ืš ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ืื•ืจ
11:21
it's like entering the labyrinth of the Minotaur
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11:24
without having Ariadne giving you the string to find your way.
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉืืจื™ืื ื“ื” ืชื•ืฉื™ื˜ ืœืš ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื˜ ืœืคืœืก ืืช ื“ืจื›ืš.
11:27
So the outcome of my academic research,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืชื•ืฆืืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ ืฉืœื™,
11:31
loads of questionnaires, case studies and looking at a lot of maps,
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ืขืจื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืืœื•ื ื™ื, ืžืงืจืื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“,
ื•ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืžืคื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช
11:38
was that a lot of the problems and shortcomings
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ื•ืžื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื“ืื‘ืœื™ืŸ
11:41
of the public transport system here in Dublin
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11:43
was the lack of a coherent public transport map --
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ืžืงื•ืจืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืคื” ื ื”ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช--
11:45
a simplified, coherent public transport map --
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ืžืคื” ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ื•ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ืช--
11:48
because I think this is the crucial step to understanding
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื ืช
ื›ืœ ืจืฉืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™,
11:52
a public transport network on a physical level,
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11:55
but it's also the crucial step to make a public transport network mappable
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ืืš ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ืช
ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืžื•ืชืืžืช ืœืžื™ืคื•ื™ ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื—ื–ื•ืชื™.
11:59
on a visual level.
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12:01
So I teamed up with a gentleman called James Leahy,
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ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืืœ ืื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื• ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ืœื™ื”ื™,
12:05
a civil engineer and a recent master's graduate
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ืžื”ื ื“ืก ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืฉืกื™ื™ื ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”
12:08
of the Sustainable Development program at DIT,
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ืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื ื‘-DIT,
12:12
and together we drafted the simplified model network,
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ื•ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ืฉืจื˜ื˜ื ื• ืืช ื”ื“ื’ื ื”ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ ื”ื–ื” ืœืžืขืจื›ืช
12:16
which I could then go ahead and visualize.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืื– ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ.
12:19
So here's what we did.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื•.
12:21
We distributed these rapid-transport corridors throughout the city center,
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ืคื–ืจื ื• ืืช ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื”ืืœื•
ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ืžืฉื›ื ื• ืื•ืชื ืืœ ื”ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื.
12:28
and extended them into the outskirts.
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12:31
Rapid, because we wanted them to be served by rapid-transport vehicles.
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ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืฉื•ืจืชื•
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื, ื›ืŸ?
12:37
They would get exclusive road use, where possible,
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ื”ื ื™ื–ื›ื• ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ, ืื™ืคื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ,
ื•ื–ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.
12:41
and it would be high-quantity, high-quality transport.
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12:43
James wanted to use bus rapid transport for that,
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ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ืจืฆื” ืฉื ื ืฆืœ ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ืžื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื”,
12:46
rather than light rail.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืจื›ื‘ ืžืกื™ืœืชื™ ืงืœ. ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘
12:47
For me, it was important
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ืฉื›ืœื™ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉื™ื ื•ืขื• ื‘ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”
12:50
that the vehicles that would run on those rapid transport corridors
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ื™ืชื‘ื“ืœื• ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ืช ืžืกืชื ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ.
12:54
would be visibly distinguishable from local buses on the street.
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12:59
Now we could take out all the local buses
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืฉืœื•ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื
13:03
that ran alongside those rapid transport means.
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ืฉื ืกืขื• ืœืื•ืจื›ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
13:06
Any gaps that appeared in the outskirts were filled again.
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ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ืคืœ ืฉื•ื‘.
13:09
So, in other words, if there was a street in an outskirt
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ื›ืš, ืฉื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืื ื”ื™ื” ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจ
13:12
where there had been a bus, we put a bus back in,
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก, ื”ื—ื–ืจื ื• ืœืฉื ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ื—ื–ืจื”,
13:15
only now these buses wouldn't run all the way to the city center,
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ืจืง ื›ืขืช ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ืืœื” ืœื ื™ืกืขื• ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืืœ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ
13:20
but connect to the nearest rapid-transport mode,
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ืืœื ืฉื”ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืžืกื“ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
13:23
one of these thick lines over there.
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืงื•ื™ื ื”ืขื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื.
ื•ื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ื•ืฆืข ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
13:26
So the rest was merely a couple of months of work,
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13:29
and a couple of fights with my girlfriend,
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
13:31
of our place constantly being clogged up with maps,
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ื”ื‘ืœื’ืŸ ื”ืชืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืคื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•,
13:35
and the outcome, one of the outcomes,
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ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”, ืื—ืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช, ื”ืžืคื” ื”ื–ื•
13:37
was this map of the Greater Dublin area.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื“ืื‘ืœื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื. ื ืขืฉื” ืงืฆืช ื–ื•ื.
13:40
I'll zoom in a little bit.
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13:43
This map only shows the rapid transport connections, no local bus,
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ื”ืžืคื” ื”ื–ื• ืจืง ืžืจืื” ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื”,
ื‘ืœื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืคืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื•
13:47
very much in the "metro map" style that was so successful in London,
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ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ, ื•ืžืื–
13:53
and that since has been exported to so many other major cities,
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ื”ื•ืคืฅ ืœื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช,
13:57
and therefore is the language that we should use
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ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ื–ื• ื”ืฉืคื” ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ื”
ื‘ืžืคื•ืช ืœื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช.
14:00
for public transport maps.
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ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื, ืขื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื–ื•,
14:03
What's also important is, with a simplified network like this,
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14:08
it now would become possible for me to tackle the ultimate challenge
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ื›ืขืช ื™ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื™
ืœื”ืชืขืžืช ื‘ืืชื’ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื,
ื•ืœื™ืฆืจ ืžืคื” ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ,
14:14
and make a public transport map for the city center,
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14:17
one where I wouldn't just show rapid transport connections,
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ื›ื–ื• ืฉืœื ืจืง ืชืฆื™ื’ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžื”ื™ืจื”
14:20
but also all the local bus routes, streets and the likes,
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ืืœื ืชืฆื™ื’ ื’ื ืืœื• ืฉืœืื•ืจืš ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื, ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ืืœื”,
14:24
and this is what a map like this could look like.
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ื•ื›ืš ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ืžืคื” ื›ื–ื•.
14:26
I'll zoom in a little bit.
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ืืขืฉื” ืงืฆืช ื–ื•ื.
ื‘ืžืคื” ื–ื• ืืฆืจืฃ ื›ืœ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”,
14:31
In this map, I'm including each transport mode,
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14:36
so rapid transport, bus, DART, tram and the likes.
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ื›ืžื• ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžื”ื™ืจื”, ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก, DART, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ืืœื”.
14:41
Each individual route is represented by a separate line.
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ื›ืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ ื ืคืจื“ ืžื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืงื• ื ืคืจื“.
ื”ืžืคื” ืžืจืื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื ื•ืช,
14:48
The map shows each and every station,
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14:52
each and every station name,
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ื›ืœ ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื ื•ืช,
ื•ืื ื™ ื’ื ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื™ื,
14:56
and I'm also displaying side streets.
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15:00
In fact, most of the side streets even with their name,
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืช ืจื•ื‘ื ื’ื ืขื ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื”ื,
15:04
and for good measure, also a couple of landmarks,
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ื•ืœื’ื“ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืกืื”, ืื›ื ื™ืก ื’ื ื›ืžื” ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื”ื™ื›ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ,
ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกืžืœื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื,
15:09
some of them signified by little symbols,
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15:11
others by these isometric three-dimensional
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ืื—ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื ืื™ื–ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืชืœืช-ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื™ื
15:14
bird's-eye-view drawings.
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ื”ื ืจืื™ื ืžืžืขื•ืฃ ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ.
15:16
The map is relatively small in overall size,
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ื”ืžืคื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ,
15:19
so something that you could still hold as a fold-out map
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืชื•ื— ื‘ื›ืฃ ื”ื™ื“,
15:22
or display in a reasonably-sized display box on a bus shelter.
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ืื• ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืœื•ื— ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืชื—ื ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก.
15:26
I think it tries to be the best balance
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ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื–ื” ืฉื•ืืฃ ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
15:30
between actual representation and simplification --
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื•ื’ ืžืœื
ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช, ื”ืฉืคื” ืฉืœ ืคื™ืœื•ืก ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ืžื•ื—ื™ื ื•.
15:34
the language of way-finding in our brain.
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15:39
So, straightened lines, cleaned-up corners,
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ืื– ืงื•ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืฉืจื™ื, ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืงื ื•ืช,
15:42
and of course, that very, very important geographic distortion
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ื•ื’ื ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™, ื”ืขื™ื•ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™
ืฉืžืžืฉ ืžืžืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืืช ืงื™ื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืคื•ืช ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช.
15:46
that makes public transport maps possible.
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ืื ืืชื”, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืชืขื™ืฃ ืžื‘ื˜ ื‘ืฉื ื™
15:50
If you, for example, have a look at the two main corridors
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ื”ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ,
15:52
that run through the city -- the yellow and orange one over here --
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ื”ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื›ืชื•ื ื›ืืŸ, ื›ื›ื” ื”ื
15:56
this is how they look in an actual, accurate street map,
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ื ืจืื™ื ื‘ืžืคื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช,
15:59
and this is how they would look in my distorted,
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ื•ื›ื›ื” ื”ื™ื• ื ืจืื™ื ื‘ืžืคืชื™ ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช
16:03
simplified public transport map.
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ื”ืžืขื•ื•ืชืช ื•ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ืช.
16:06
So for a successful public transport map,
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ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžืคื” ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช,
16:09
we should not stick to accurate representation,
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ืืœ ืœื ื• ืœื“ื‘ื•ืง ื‘ื™ืฆื•ื’ ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืง,
ืืœื ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืคื•ืขืœื™ื.
16:12
but design them in the way our brains work.
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16:14
The reactions I got were tremendous, it was really good to see.
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ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืงื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ื™ื• ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช. ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืจืื•ืช.
ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ืขืฆืžื™, ืฉืžื—ืชื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืœืจืื•ืช
16:18
And of course, for my own self, I was very happy to see
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16:21
that my folks in Germany and Greece finally have an idea
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ืฉืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ืกื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ืกื•ืฃ,
ื™ืฉ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžืžื” ืื ื™ ืžืชืคืจื ืก. (ืฆื—ื•ืง) (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
16:25
what I do for a living.
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16:26
(Laughter)
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16:27
Thank you.
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16:28
(Applause)
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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