Kevin Bales: How to combat modern slavery

159,172 views ใƒป 2010-03-29

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: david gidron ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:16
You know for me, the interest in contemporary forms of slavery
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ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื‘ ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืช-ื™ืžื™ื ื•
00:20
started with a leaflet that I picked up in London.
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ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื ืชืงืœืชื™ ื‘ื• ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ.
00:22
It was the early '90s,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื” -90,
00:24
and I was at a public event.
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ื•ื ื•ื›ื—ืชื™ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™.
00:26
I saw this leaflet and it said,
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ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืขืœื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื™ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘,
00:29
"There are millions of slaves in the world today."
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"ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื."
00:32
And I thought, "No way, no way."
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ "ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช, ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช."
00:36
And I'm going to admit to hubris.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ื“ื” ื‘ื—ื˜ื ื”ื’ืื•ื•ื”
00:39
Because I also, I'm going to admit to you,
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื,
00:41
I also thought, "How can I be like
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ืฉื’ื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, ืื™ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื ื™,
00:43
a hot-shot young full professor
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ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืง ืžืขืฆืžื•,
00:45
who teaches human rights and not know this?
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ืฉืžืœืžื“ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื—, ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ื–ื”,
00:48
So it can't be true."
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ืื– ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
00:50
Well, if you teach, if you worship
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ืื–, ืื ืืชื” ืžืœืžื“, ืื ืืชื” ืžืชืคืœืœ
00:52
in the temple of learning,
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ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื”.
00:54
do not mock the gods,
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ืืœ ืชืœืขื’ ืœืืœื™ื.
00:56
because they will take you,
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ื™ื™ืงื—ื• ืื•ืชืš
00:58
fill you with curiosity and desire,
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ื™ืžืœืื• ืื•ืชืš ื‘ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ืงื”,
01:01
and drive you. Drive you with a passion
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ื•ื™ื“ื—ืคื• ืื•ืชืš, ื™ื“ื—ืคื• ืื•ืชืš ืขื ืชืฉื•ืงื”
01:04
to change things.
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ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
01:07
I went out and did a lit review,
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ื•ืขืจื›ืชื™ ืกืงื™ืจืช ืกืคืจื•ืช.
01:09
3,000 articles on the key word "slavery."
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3,000 ืžืืžืจื™ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืืช ืžื™ืœืช ื”ืžืคืชื— "ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช."
01:12
Two turned out to be about contemporary -- only two.
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ืžืชื•ื›ื ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื• ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช - ืจืง ืฉื ื™ื™ื.
01:15
All the rest were historical.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื• ืœืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช.
01:17
They were press pieces and they were full of outrage,
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ื”ื™ื• ืงื˜ืขื™ ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืœืื™ ื–ืขื.
01:20
they were full of speculation, they were anecdotal --
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืกืคืงื•ืœืฆื™ื•ืช. ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื”.
01:23
no solid information.
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ืœืœื ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ืฆืง.
01:25
So, I began to do a research project of my own.
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ืื–, ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉืœื™.
01:28
I went to five countries around the world.
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ื‘ื™ืงืจืชื™ ื‘ื—ืžืฉ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื.
01:30
I looked at slaves. I met slaveholders,
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ืฆืคื™ืชื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื“ื™ื, ื ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืขื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื.
01:33
and I looked very deeply
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ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืชื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขืžื™ืงื”
01:35
into slave-based businesses
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ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉืžืชื‘ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื.
01:38
because this is an economic crime.
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ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืคืฉืข ื›ืœื›ืœื™.
01:40
People do not enslave people to be mean to them.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืžืฉืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืขื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื.
01:44
They do it to make a profit.
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ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ืœืฉื ืจื•ื•ื—.
01:46
And I've got to tell you, what I found out in the world
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ื, ืฉืžื” ืฉื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™, ืฉื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
01:48
in four different continents,
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ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช,
01:51
was depressingly familiar.
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ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืขืฆื™ื‘.
01:53
Like this:
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ื›ืžื• ื–ื”.
01:56
Agricultural workers in Africa,
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ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื—ืงืœืื•ืช, ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”,
01:58
whipped and beaten,
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ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืฆืœืคื™ื,
02:00
showing us how they were beaten in the fields
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ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืœื ื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื•ื›ื• ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช
02:03
before they escaped from slavery
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืจื—ื• ืžื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช
02:05
and met up with our film crew.
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ื•ื ืคื’ืฉื• ืขื ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืฉืœื ื•.
02:07
It was mind-blowing.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชืคื™ืกื”.
02:10
And I want to be very clear.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจ.
02:14
I'm talking about real slavery.
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ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ืช.
02:16
This is not about lousy marriages,
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ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื.
02:18
this is not about jobs that suck.
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ืื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ืจื•ืขื•ืช.
02:20
This is about people who can not walk away,
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื•ื ื•ืœืœื›ืช,
02:23
people who are forced to work without pay,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื›ืจื™ื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืœืœื ืฉื›ืจ.
02:25
people who are operating 24/7
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชืคืงื“ื™ื 24/7
02:28
under a threat of violence
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ืชื—ืช ืื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช,
02:30
and have no pay.
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ื•ืœืœื ืฉื›ืจ.
02:33
It's real slavery in exactly the same way
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ื–ืืช ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ืช, ืฉื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง
02:35
that slavery would be recognized
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ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื–ื”ื™ื ื›ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช
02:37
throughout all of human history.
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ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
02:40
Now, where is it?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื™ืคื” ื–ื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ื?
02:42
Well, this map in the sort of redder, yellower colors
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ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืฆื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืื“ื•ื ื•ืฆื”ื•ืจ
02:45
are the places with the highest densities of slavery.
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ื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื ื”ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื.
02:48
But in fact that kind of bluey color
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ื•ื‘ื›ื—ื•ืœ
02:50
are the countries where we can't find any cases of slavery.
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ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืœืœื ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื›ืœืœ.
02:53
And you might notice that it's only Iceland and Greenland
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืจืง ื‘ืื™ืกืœื ื“ ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืœื ื“
02:56
where we can't find any cases of enslavement
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช
02:58
around the world.
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ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื.
03:00
We're also particularly interested
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ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“,
03:02
and looking very carefully
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ื•ืื ื• ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืื•ื“ ื–ื”ื™ืจื”,
03:04
at places where
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ืืœื• ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช
03:08
slaves are being used to perpetrate
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ืฉืžื ืฆืœื™ื ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข
03:10
extreme environmental destruction.
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ื”ืจืก ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™.
03:14
Around the world, slaves are used to destroy the environment,
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ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื, ืžื ืฆืœื™ื ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืจื•ืก ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”,
03:17
cutting down trees in the Amazon; destroying
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ื›ืจื™ืชืช ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืืžื–ื•ื ืก, ื”ืจืก
03:19
forest areas in West Africa;
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ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ืืคืจื™ืงื”,
03:21
mining and spreading mercury around
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ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ื›ืกืคื™ืช
03:24
in places like Ghana and the Congo;
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื’ืื ื” ื•ืงื•ื ื’ื•,
03:26
destroying the coastal ecosystems in South Asia.
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ื”ื•ืจืกื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืคื™ืช ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืกื™ื”.
03:30
It's a pretty harrowing linkage
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ื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ื“ื™ ืžืคื—ื™ื“
03:33
between what's happening to our environment
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื ื•
03:35
and what's happening to our human rights.
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ืฉืœื ื•.
03:37
Now, how on Earth did we get to a situation like this,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื™ืš, ืœื›ืœ ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช, ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืžืฆื‘ ื›ื–ื”
03:40
where we have 27 million people
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 27 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื
03:43
in slavery in the year 2010?
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ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช 2010?
03:45
That's double the number that came out of Africa
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ื–ื” ื›ืคื•ืœ ืžืžืกืคืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืžืืคืจื™ืงื”
03:48
in the entire transatlantic slave trade.
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ืœ ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™.
03:51
Well, it builds up with these factors.
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ื–ื” ืžืชืคืชื— ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืืœื•.
03:53
They are not causal, they are actually supporting factors.
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ื”ื ืœื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืกื™ื‘ืชื™ื™ื, ื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื.
03:56
One we all know about, the population explosion:
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ืื—ื“, ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืคื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ,
03:59
the world goes from two billion people to almost
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฆืžื— ืžืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื›ืžืขื˜
04:01
seven billion people in the last 50 years.
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ืฉื‘ืขื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ 50 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
04:04
Being numerous does not make you a slave.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื, ืœื ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชืš ืœืขื‘ื“.
04:06
Add in the increased vulnerability of very large numbers of people
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ืชื•ืกื™ืคื• ืืช ื”ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื
04:11
in the developing world,
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืคืชื—,
04:13
caused by civil wars, ethnic conflicts,
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ืฉื ื’ืจื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื•ืžืื‘ืงื™ื ืืชื ื™ื™ื,
04:16
kleptocratic governments, disease ... you name it, you know it.
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ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื—ืชื•ืช, ืžื—ืœื•ืช, ื•ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื, ืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
04:19
We understand how that works. In some countries
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ืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“. ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช
04:21
all of those things happen at once,
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ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช,
04:23
like Sierra Leone a few years ago,
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ื›ืžื• ืžื” ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืกื™ื™ืจื” ืœื™ืื•ื ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื.
04:25
and push enormous parts ... about a billion people in the world, in fact,
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ื•ื“ื•ื—ืคื™ื ื—ืœืงื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื, ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ื›ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
04:29
as we know, live on the edge,
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ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ,ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ "ื”ืงืฆื”",
04:31
live in situations where
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ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื
04:33
they don't have any opportunity and are usually even destitute.
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ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืฉื•ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ื ื—ืกืจื™ ื›ื•ืœ.
04:38
But that doesn't make you a slave either.
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชืš ืœืขื‘ื“.
04:41
What it takes to turn a person who is destitute and vulnerable
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืื“ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื’ื™ืข ื•ื—ืกืจ ื›ื•ืœ
04:44
into a slave, is the absence of the rule of law.
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ืœืขื‘ื“, ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื“ืจ ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืง.
04:48
If the rule of law is sound, it protects
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืง ื”ื•ื ืžื’ืŸ
04:50
the poor and it protects the vulnerable.
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ืขืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื, ื•ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื.
04:52
But if corruption creeps in
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื–ื•ื—ืœืช ืคื ื™ืžื”,
04:54
and people don't have the opportunity
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ื•ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช
04:56
to have that protection of the rule of law,
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ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื’ื ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืง,
04:58
then if you can use violence,
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ืื ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืืœื™ืžื•ืช,
05:00
if you can use violence with impunity,
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ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืกื™ืŸ ืžืขื•ื ืฉ,
05:02
you can reach out and harvest the vulnerable
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ื˜ ื™ื“ ื•ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื
05:05
into slavery.
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ืœืชื•ืš ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช.
05:07
Well, that is precisely what has happened around the world.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื.
05:11
Though, for a lot of people,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช, ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื,
05:15
the people who step
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ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื”ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืขื‘ื“ื•ืช,
05:17
into slavery today
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื•ื, ืฉืฆื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช
05:20
don't usually get kidnapped or knocked over the head.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื ื—ื˜ืคื™ื ืื• ื—ื•ื˜ืคื™ื ืžื›ื” ืขืœ ื”ืจืืฉ,
05:24
They come into slavery because
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ื”ื ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืขื‘ื“ื™ื
05:26
someone has asked them this question.
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ื›ื™ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ืืช:"ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”?"
05:28
All around the world I've been told an almost identical story.
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ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืกืคืจื• ืœื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื–ื”ื”
05:31
People say, "I was home,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช,
05:33
someone came into our village,
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื ื›ื ืก ืœื›ืคืจ
05:35
they stood up in the back of a truck, they said, 'I've got jobs,
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ื”ื ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืื™ืช ื•ืืžืจื• "ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
05:37
who needs a job?'"
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ืžื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”?"
05:39
And they did exactly what
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ื•ื”ื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”
05:41
you or I would do in the same situation.
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ืฉืืชื” ืื• ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื“ื•ืžื”.
05:44
They said, "That guy looked sketchy. I was suspicious,
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ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื " ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื ืจืื” ื’ืก. ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ืฉื“ืŸ.
05:48
but my children were hungry.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ ื”ื™ื• ืจืขื‘ื™ื.
05:51
We needed medicine.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืชืจื•ืคื•ืช.
05:53
I knew I had to do anything I could
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ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ
05:55
to earn some money to support the people I care about."
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืงืฆืช ื›ืกืฃ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื›ืคืช ืœื™ ืžื”ื".
05:59
They climb into the back of the truck. They go off with the person who recruits them.
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ื”ื ืžื˜ืคืกื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืื™ืช. ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื“ืจืš ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืื™ืฉ ืฉื’ื™ื™ืก ืื•ืชื.
06:02
Ten miles, 100 miles, 1,000 miles later,
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20 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ, 200 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ, 2000 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ,
06:06
they find themselves in dirty, dangerous, demeaning work.
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ื”ื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ืช, ืžืกื•ื›ื ืช, ื•ืžื‘ื–ื”.
06:10
They take it for a little while,
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ื”ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช,
06:12
but when they try to leave, bang!, the hammer comes down,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ื‘, ื‘ื•ื, ื™ื•ืจื“ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืคื˜ื™ืฉ,
06:15
and they discover they're enslaved.
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ื•ื”ื ืžื’ืœื™ื ืฉื”ืคื›ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื“ื™ื.
06:18
Now, that kind of slavery
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช
06:21
is, again, pretty much what slavery has been all through human history.
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ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
06:25
But there is one thing that is particularly remarkable
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
06:29
and novel about slavery today,
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ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื
06:31
and that is a complete collapse
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืงืจื™ืกื” ื”ื’ืžื•ืจื”
06:35
in the price of human beings --
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ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื ื•ืฉ.
06:38
expensive in the past, dirt cheap now.
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ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืงืจ, ื”ื™ื•ื ื–ื•ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“,
06:41
Even the business programs have started
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื•
06:43
picking up on this.
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ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื›ืš.
06:45
I just want to share a little clip for you.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืชืฃ ืืชื›ื ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืงืฆืจ,
06:47
Daphne: OK. Llively discussion guaranteed here, as always,
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื›ืชืžื™ื“ ืื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขื™ืจื ื™,
06:49
as we get macro and talk commodities.
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ื›ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืจืžืช ื”ืžืืงืจื• ื•ืžืฉื•ื—ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช.
06:52
Continuing here in the studio with our guest Michael O'Donohue,
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ืื ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืื•ืœืคืŸ ืขื ืื•ืจื—ื ื• ืžื™ื™ืงืœ ืื• ื“ื ื”ื•,
06:55
head of commodities at Four Continents Capital Management.
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ืžื ื”ืœ ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื•ืŸ.
06:57
And we're also joined by Brent Lawson
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ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื ื• ื’ื ื‘ืจื ื˜ ืœืื•ืกื•ืŸ
07:00
from Lawson Frisk Securities.
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ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื•ืช ืคืจื™ืกืง.
07:02
Brent Lawson: Happy to be here.
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ืฉืžื— ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื”
07:04
D: Good to have you with us, Brent.
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ื‘ืจื ื˜, ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืืชื” ืื™ืชื ื•.
07:06
Now, gentlemen ... Brent, where is your money going this year?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ื™,ื‘ืจื ื˜, ืœืืŸ ื”ื•ืœืš ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช?
07:10
BL: Well Daphne, we've been going short on gas and oil recently
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ื˜ื•ื‘ ื“ืคื ื™, ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืื ื• ืžืฆืžืฆืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื ืคื˜ ื•ื”ื’ื–
07:13
and casting our net just a little bit wider.
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ื•ืžืฉืœื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืฉืช ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื—ื‘.
07:15
We really like the human being story a lot.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืžืื•ื“ ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™.
07:18
If you look at a long-term chart,
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ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื™ ืขืœ ื”ื’ืจืฃ ืืจื•ืš ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื—
07:21
prices are at historical lows and yet global demand
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ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืคืœ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™
07:23
for forced labor is still real strong.
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ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืคื•ื™ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ื—ื–ืง.
07:26
So, that's a scenario that we think we should be capitalizing on.
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ืื–, ื–ื” ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื”ื•ืŸ.
07:30
D: Michael, what's your take on the people story? Are you interested?
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ืžื™ื™ืงืœ, ืื™ืš ืืชื” ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื? ื”ืื ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืš?
07:33
Michael O'Donoghue: Oh definitely. Non-voluntary labor's greatest advantage
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ืื• ื•ื•ื“ืื™. ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืคื•ื™ื” ื”ื•ื
07:36
as an asset is the endless supply.
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ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉืื‘ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื’ืžืจ.
07:38
We're not about to run out of people. No other commodity has that.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื’ืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืกืคืงื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืกื—ื•ืจื” ื›ื–ืืช.
07:41
BL: Daphne, if I may draw your attention to one thing.
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ื“ืคื ื™, ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื™, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“.
07:43
That is that private equity has been sniffing around,
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ื•ื–ื” ืฉื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืจื—ืจื— ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘.
07:46
and that tells me that this market is about to explode.
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื™ ืฉื”ืฉื•ืง ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฅ.
07:49
Africans and Indians, as usual,
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ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ,
07:51
South Americans, and Eastern Europeans in particular
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ื“ืจื•ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื•ืžื–ืจื— ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
07:54
are on our buy list.
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ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืงื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
07:56
D: Interesting. Micheal, bottom line, what do you recommend?
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ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ืžื™ื™ืงืœ, ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื”, ืžื” ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื” ืฉืœืš?
07:59
MO: We're recommending to our clients
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ืื ื• ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื ื•
08:01
a buy and hold strategy.
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ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื ื™ื” ื•ืื—ื–ืงื”.
08:03
There's no need to play the market.
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ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืฉื—ืง ืขื ื”ืฉื•ืง.
08:05
There's a lot of vulnerable people out there. It's very exciting.
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ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื. ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืจื’ืฉ.
08:08
D: Exciting stuff indeed. Gentlemen, thank you very much.
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ื‘ืืžืช ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžืจื’ืฉ. ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ื™, ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
08:13
Kevin Bales: Okay, you figured it out. That's a spoof.
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ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ืชื ืขืœ ื–ื”. ื–ื• ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื™ื—ื”.
08:15
Though I enjoyed watching
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ืœืžืจื•ืช, ืฉื ื”ื ื™ืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช
08:17
your jaws drop, drop, drop, until you got it.
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ืื™ืš ื”ืœืกืชื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื ืคืœื•, ืขื“ ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ื‘ื ืชื.
08:21
MTV Europe worked with us and made that spoof,
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ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื MTV ืขืœ ื”ืžืชื™ื—ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
08:24
and they've been slipping it in between music videos
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ื•ื”ื ืžื—ืœื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืคื ื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื˜ืขื™ ื•ื™ื“ื™ืื• ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืืœื™ื™ื
08:26
without any introduction, which I think is kind of fun.
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ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ื”ืงื“ืžื”, ืฉื–ื” ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื“ื™ ืžืฉืขืฉืข.
08:29
Here's the reality.
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ื”ื ื” ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.
08:31
The price of human beings across the last 4,000 years
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ืžื—ื™ืจื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื” 4,000 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช
08:34
in today's money has averaged about 40,000 dollars.
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ื‘ืขืจืš ื›ืกืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื”ื•ื ื›- 40,000$ ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข.
08:37
Capital purchase items.
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ื ื›ืก ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื.
08:40
You can see that the lines cross when the population explodes.
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ืงื•ื•ื™ื ืžืฆื˜ืœื‘ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืžืชืคื•ืฆืฆืช.
08:43
The average price of a human being today,
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืœื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ื”ื•ื
08:46
around the world, is about 90 dollars.
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ื‘ืขืจืš 90$ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื.
08:48
They are more expensive in places like North America.
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ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื™ืงืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื”.
08:51
Slaves cost between 3,000 to 8,000 dollars in North America,
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ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ 3,000$ - 8,000$ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื”.
08:55
but I could take you places in India or Nepal
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืืชื›ื ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ื•ื“ื• ืื• ื ืืคืœ
08:58
where human beings can be acquired for five or 10 dollars.
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ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ื‘ 5$ ืื• 10$.
09:01
They key here is that
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ื”ืžืคืชื— ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื
09:03
people have ceased to be that capital purchase item
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืคืกื™ืงื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื›ืก ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื,
09:07
and become like Styrofoam cups.
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ื•ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื—ื“ ืคืขืžื™ื•ืช.
09:09
You buy them cheaply, you use them,
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ืืชื” ืงื•ื ื” ืื•ืชื ื‘ื–ื•ืœ, ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื.
09:12
you crumple them up, and then when you're done
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ืืชื” ืžืงืžื˜ ืื•ืชื. ื•ืื– ื›ืฉืกื™ื™ืžืช
09:14
with them you just throw them away.
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ืืชื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื–ื•ืจืง ืื•ืชื.
09:16
These young boys are in Nepal.
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ื”ื ืขืจื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื‘ื ืคืืœ.
09:19
They are basically the transport system
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ื”ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ืข
09:22
on a quarry run by a slaveholder.
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ืฉืœ ืžื—ืฆื‘ื” ืฉืžื•ืคืขืœืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื.
09:24
There are no roads there, so they carry loads of stone
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื. ืื– ื”ื ืกื•ื—ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืœืขื™ื
09:27
on their backs, often of their own weight,
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ืฉืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืฉื•ืงืœื™ื ื›ืžืฉืงืœ ื’ื•ืคื, ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื,
09:30
up and down the Himalaya Mountains.
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ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื•ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื™ ื”ื”ื™ืžืืœื™ื”.
09:32
One of their mothers said to us,
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ืื—ืช ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช ืืžืจื” ืœื ื•,
09:34
"You know, we can't survive here,
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"ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ื›ืืŸ, ืื‘ืœ
09:36
but we can't even seem to die either."
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœืžื•ืช ื›ืืŸ."
09:39
It's a horrible situation.
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ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ ืื™ื•ื.
09:41
And if there is anything that makes me feel very positive about this,
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ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื™ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื”
09:45
it's that there are also --
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื’ื
09:47
in addition to young men like this who are still enslaved --
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืืœื• ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ื,
09:49
there are ex-slaves who are now working to free others.
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ื™ืฉ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืฉื›ื™ื•ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืื—ืจื™ื.
09:53
Or, we say, Frederick Douglass is in the house.
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ืื•, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ืคืจื“ืจื™ืง ื“ื’ืœืืก ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•.
09:56
I don't know if you've ever had a daydream
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ืื™ ืคืขื ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ื—ืœื•ื ื‘ื”ืงื™ืฅ
09:59
about, "Wow. What would it be like to meet Harriet Tubman?
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ืœื’ื‘ื™, ื•ื•ืื™, ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื˜ื•ื‘ืžืŸ?
10:01
What would it be like to meet Frederick Douglass?"
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ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืืช ืคืจื“ืจื™ืง ื“ื’ืœืืก?
10:03
I've got to say, one of the most exciting parts about my job
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ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืื—ื“ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžืจื’ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™
10:06
is that I get to,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืœื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืœื•.
10:08
and I want to introduce you to one of those.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืœื›ื ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
10:10
His name is James Kofi Annan. He was a slave child in Ghana
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ืฉืžื• ื’'ื™ืžืก ืงื•ืคื™ ืขื ืืŸ. ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื™ืœื“ ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ื’ืื ื”.
10:13
enslaved in the fishing industry,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ื’,
10:15
and he now, after escape and building a new life,
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืจื—, ื•ื‘ื ื” ืœืขืฆืžื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
10:19
has formed an organization that we work closely with
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื™ืกื“ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืืชื• ืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฆืžื™ื“ื•ืช
10:22
to go back and get people out of slavery.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช.
10:24
This is not James, this is one of the kids that he works with.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื’'ื™ืžืก. ื–ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืื™ืชื• ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“.
10:27
James Kofi Annan (Video): He was hit with a paddle
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื›ื” ืขื ืžืฉื•ื˜,
10:29
in the head. And this reminds me
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ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื‘ืจืืฉ. ื•ื–ื” ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื™
10:31
of my childhood when I used to work here.
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ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื™, ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื›ืืŸ.
10:35
KB: James and our country director in Ghana,
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ื’'ื™ืžืก ื•ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื’ืื ื”,
10:39
Emmanuel Otoo are now receiving regular death threats
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ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ืื•ื˜ื•, ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื
10:42
because the two of them managed to get
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืฉื ื™ ืืœื• ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ืฉื™ื’
10:44
convictions and imprisonment for three human traffickers
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ื”ืจืฉืื•ืช ื•ืžืืกืจ ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกื•ื—ืจื™ ืื“ื
10:47
for the very first time in Ghana
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ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื’ืื ื”
10:49
for enslaving people, from the fishing industry,
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ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ื’
10:51
for enslaving children.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
10:53
Now, everything I've been telling you,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืœื›ื
10:55
I admit, is pretty disheartening.
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ืื ื™ ืžื•ื“ื” ืฉื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžืจืคื” ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
10:58
But there is actually a very positive side to this,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืฆื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืœื›ืœ ื–ื”.
11:02
and that is this: The 27 million people
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”, 27 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
11:04
who are in slavery today,
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ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืขื‘ื“ื™ื,
11:06
that's a lot of people, but it's also
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ื–ื” ืืžื ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื’ื
11:08
the smallest fraction
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ื”ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
11:10
of the global population to ever be in slavery.
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ืฉืœ ืกืš ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืื™ ืคืขื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช
11:13
And likewise, the 40 billion dollars that they generate
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ื•ื›ืžื•-ื›ืŸ, 40 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื”ื“ื•ืœืจ ืฉื”ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื
11:16
into the global economy each year
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ืœื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”
11:18
is the tiniest proportion of the global economy
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช
11:21
to ever be represented by slave labor.
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ืฉืื™ ืคืขื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื.
11:25
Slavery, illegal in every country
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ื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื”
11:27
has been pushed to the edges of our global society.
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ื ื“ื—ืคื” ืœืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืืœื™ืช.
11:32
And in a way, without us even noticing,
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ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช, ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืฉืžื ื• ืœื‘
11:35
has ended up standing on the precipice
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืขืœ ืกืฃ ื”ืชื”ื•ื
11:37
of its own extinction,
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ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื›ื—ื“ื” ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช
11:39
waiting for us to give it a big boot
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ื•ืžื—ื›ื” ืœื ื• ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื˜ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
11:42
and knock it over. And get rid of it.
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ืœื”ืคื™ืœ ืื•ืชื”, ื•ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžืžื ื”.
11:44
And it can be done.
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
11:46
Now, if we do that, if we put the resources
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”, ืื ื ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื
11:48
and the focus to it,
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ืื ื ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื–ื”,
11:50
what does it actually cost to get people out of slavery?
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ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช?
11:53
Well, first, before I even tell you the cost
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ืื–, ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืžื” ื”ืขืœื•ืช
11:56
I've got to be absolutely clear.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ
11:58
We do not buy people out of slavery.
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ืื ื• ืœื ืงื•ื ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช.
12:02
Buying people out of slavery is like
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ืœืงื ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื–ื” ื›ืžื•
12:04
paying a burglar to get your television back;
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ืœืฉืœื ืœืคื•ืจืฅ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”.
12:06
it's abetting a crime.
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ื–ื” ืกื™ื•ืข ืœืคืฉืข.
12:09
Liberation, however, costs some money.
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ื”, ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ืกืฃ.
12:11
Liberation, and more importantly
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ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ, ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
12:13
all the work that comes after liberation.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ.
12:16
It's not an event, it's a process.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืื™ืจื•ืข, ื–ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš.
12:18
It's about helping people to build lives of dignity,
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ื–ื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“,
12:21
stability, economic autonomy,
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ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช
12:23
citizenship.
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ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช.
12:25
Well, amazingly,
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ืื–, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื“ื”ื™ื,
12:27
in places like India where costs are very low,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ื•ื“ื•, ืฉืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื ืžื•ืš ืžืื•ื“
12:30
that family, that three-generation family that you see there
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ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ, ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื“ื•ืจื•ืชื™ื”
12:34
who were in hereditary slavery --
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ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ืชื•ืจืฉืชื™ืช
12:36
so, that granddad there, was born a baby into slavery --
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ืื–, ื”ืกื‘ื ืฉื, ื ื•ืœื“ ื›ืชื™ื ื•ืง, ืœืชื•ืš ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช.
12:41
but the total cost, amortized
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื—ื•ื‘
12:43
across the rest of the work,
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ืฉืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
12:45
was about 150 dollars to bring that family
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ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืจืš 150 ื“ื•ืœืจ, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื
12:47
out of slavery and then take them through a two year process
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ืžื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช, ื•ืื– ืœืœื•ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื
12:50
to build a stable life of citizenship and education.
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ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.
12:55
A boy in Ghana rescued from fishing slavery, about 400 dollars.
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ื ืขืจ ื‘ื’ืื ื” ืฉื—ื•ืœืฅ ืžืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ื’, ื‘ืขืจืš 400$.
12:58
In the United States, North America,
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ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
13:00
much more expensive. Legal costs, medical costs ...
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืงืจ
13:02
we understand that it's expensive here:
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ื™ืฉ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช,
13:04
about 30,000 dollars.
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ื‘ืขืจืš 30,000
13:06
But most of the people in the world in slavery
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ืื‘ืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
13:09
live in those places where
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ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช
13:11
the costs are lowest.
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ืฉื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
13:13
And in fact, the global average is about what it is
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ื•ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืจืš
13:16
for Ghana.
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ื›ืžื• ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื’ืื ื”.
13:19
And that means, when you multiply it up,
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืžื›ืคื™ืœื™ื ื•ืžืกื›ืžื™ื ืืช ื–ื”
13:22
the estimated cost of
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ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืจื›ืช
13:24
not just freedom but sustainable freedom
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ืœื ืจืง ืœื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืืœื ืœื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืจืช ืงื™ื™ืžื
13:27
for the entire 27 million people on the planet in slavery
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ืœื›ืœ 27 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
13:31
is something like 10.8 billion dollars --
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ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• 10.8 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืืจ,
13:34
what Americans spend on potato chips and pretzels,
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ืžื” ืฉื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืขืœ ืฆ'ื™ืคืก ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื’ืœื”,
13:37
what Seattle is going to spend on its light rail system:
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ืžื” ืฉืกื™ืื˜ืœ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืงืœื” ืฉืœื”ื. 304 00:13:25,000 --> 00:13:29,000 ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืขืœ ืžื›ื ืกื™ ื’'ื™ื ืก,
13:40
usually the annual expenditure in this country on blue jeans,
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ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืขืœ ืžื›ื ืกื™ ื’'ื™ื ืก,
13:44
or in the last holiday period
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ืื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื’ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”,
13:46
when we bought GameBoys and iPods and other tech gifts for people,
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืฆืื ื• ืขืœ ื’ื™ื™ื ื‘ื•ื™ืก, ืื™ืคื•ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืชื ื•ืช ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
13:50
we spent 10.8 billion dollars.
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ื”ื•ืฆืื ื• 10.8 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืืจ.
13:53
Intel's fourth quarter earnings: 10.8 billion.
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ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืœ - 10.8 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืืจ.
13:57
It's not a lot of money at the global level.
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ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืืœื™ืช, ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืกืฃ
13:59
In fact, it's peanuts.
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ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื–ื” ื’ืจื•ืฉื™ื.
14:01
And the great thing about it is that
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื
14:03
it's not money down a hole,
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ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื›ืกืฃ ืฉื™ื•ืจื“ ืœื˜ืžื™ื•ืŸ,
14:05
there is a freedom dividend. When you let people out of slavery
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ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื ื“ ืœื—ื•ืคืฉ. ื›ืฉืžืฉื—ืจืจื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช
14:08
to work for themselves,
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ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืœืžืขืŸ ืขืฆืžื,
14:10
are they motivated?
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื”?
14:12
They take their kids out of the workplace,
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ื”ื ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืžืฉื•ืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
14:14
they build a school, they say,
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ื”ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ, ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื
14:16
"We're going to have stuff we've never had before like three squares,
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"ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืžืขื•ืœื ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช,
14:19
medicine when we're sick,
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ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื›ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ืœื™ื,
14:21
clothing when we're cold."
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ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื›ืฉืงืจ ืœื ื•,
14:23
They become consumers and producers
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ื”ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื.
14:25
and local economies begin to spiral up very rapidly.
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ื•ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื˜ืคืก ืœืžืขืœื” ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžื”ื™ืจ.
14:30
That's important, all of that
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ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘
14:32
about how we rebuild sustainable freedom,
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ื›ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื‘ืจืช-ืงื™ื™ืžื,
14:34
because we'd never want to repeat
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ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ืื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ
14:38
what happened in this country in 1865.
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ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉื ืช 1865.
14:41
Four million people were lifted up out of slavery
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ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืฉื•ื—ืจืจื• ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช
14:44
and then dumped.
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ื•ืื– ื ืขื–ื‘ื•
14:47
Dumped without political participation,
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ื ื–ืจืงื• ืœืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”,
14:49
decent education,
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ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื•ื’ืŸ,
14:51
any kind of real opportunity
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ืื• ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ืช
14:53
in terms of economic lives,
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ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื,
14:55
and then sentenced to generations of
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ื•ื ืฉืคื˜ื• ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ
14:58
violence and prejudice and discrimination.
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ืืœื™ืžื•ืช, ืืคืœื™ื” ื•ื”ืคืœื™ื”.
15:00
And America is still paying the price
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ื•ืืžืจื™ืงื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืœืžืช ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ
15:02
for the botched emancipation of 1865.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืœืงืœ ืฉืœ 1865.
15:06
We have made a commitment
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ืื ื• ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื ื•
15:08
that we will never let people
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ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืื ืฉื™ื
15:10
come out of slavery on our watch,
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ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช, ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืชื ื•,
15:12
and end up as second class citizens.
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ืœืกื™ื™ื ื›ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉื ื™ื™ื”.
15:15
It's just not going to happen.
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืงืจื•ืช.
15:17
This is what liberation really looks like.
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ื›ื›ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื ืจืื” ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช.
15:29
Children rescued from slavery in the fishing industry in Ghana,
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ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืฉื•ื—ืจืจื• ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ื™ื’ ื‘ื’ืื ื”,
15:33
reunited with their parents,
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ืžืื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืขื ื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื,
15:35
and then taken with their parents back to their villages
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ื•ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื, ืžื•ื—ื–ืจื™ื ืœื›ืคืจื™ื”ื
15:37
to rebuild their economic well-being
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ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืงื™ื•ืžื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™
15:39
so that they become slave-proof --
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ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ืกื™ื ื™ื ืžืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืขื‘ื“ื™ื
15:42
absolutely unenslaveable.
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ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืฉืขื‘ื•ื“.
15:45
Now, this woman
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื™ืฉื” ื–ืืช
15:47
lived in a village in Nepal.
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ื’ืจื” ื‘ื›ืคืจ ื‘ื ืคืืœ.
15:49
We'd been working there about a month.
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ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ืฉื ื‘ืขืจืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉ.
15:52
They had just begun to come out of a hereditary kind of slavery.
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ื”ื ืจืง ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืฆืืช ืžืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ืชื•ืจืฉืชื™ืช.
15:56
They'd just begun to light up a little bit,
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ื”ื ืจืง ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ืงืฆืช
15:58
open up a little bit.
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ืงืฆืช ืœื”ื™ืคืชื—
16:00
But when we went to speak with her, when we took this photograph,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื”, ื›ืฉืฆืœืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช
16:02
the slaveholders were still menacing us
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ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืžื• ืขืœื™ื ื•
16:07
from the sidelines. They hadn't been really pushed back.
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ืžื”ืฆื“. ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื ื“ื—ืงื• ืื—ื•ืจื”.
16:10
I was frightened. We were frightened.
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ืคื—ื“ืชื™. ืคื—ื“ื ื•.
16:13
We said to her, "Are you worried? Are you upset?"
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ืืžืจื ื• ืœื” "ืืช ืžื•ื“ืื’ืช? ืืช ื—ื•ืฉืฉืช?"
16:16
She said, "No, because we've got hope now.
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” "ืœื, ื›ื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืชืงื•ื•ื”.
16:20
How could we not succeed," she said,
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ืื™ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื ืฆืœื™ื—,
16:24
"when people like you from the other side of the world
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ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื•ื›ื ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
16:28
are coming here to stand beside us?"
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ื‘ืื™ื ืœื›ืืŸ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœืฆื™ื“ื ื•?"
16:31
Okay, we have to ask ourselves,
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•
16:35
are we willing to live in a world with slavery?
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ืื ืื ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช.
16:39
If we don't take action, we just leave ourselves open
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ืื ืœื ื ื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื”, ืื ื• ืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื
16:42
to have someone else jerk the strings
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ืœื›ืš ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ื™ืžืฉื•ืš ื‘ื—ื•ื˜ื™ื
16:44
that tie us to slavery in the products we buy,
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ืฉืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืงื•ื ื™ื,
16:47
and in our government policies.
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ื•ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
16:49
And yet, if there's one thing that every human being can agree on,
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ื”, ืื ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื
16:53
I think it's that slavery should end.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ืืช ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืฉืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ืคืกืง
16:57
And if there is a fundamental violation
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ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช
16:59
of our human dignity
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ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืฉืœื ื•
17:02
that we would all say is horrific,
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ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืื™ื•ื ื•ื ื•ืจื
17:04
it's slavery.
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ื–ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช.
17:06
And we've got to say,
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ื•ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“
17:09
what good is all of our intellectual
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ืžื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
17:12
and political and economic power --
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ื•ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื•ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™,
17:14
and I'm really thinking intellectual power in this room --
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ,
17:18
if we can't use it to bring slavery to an end?
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ืื ืœื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืฆืœื• ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ืœืกื™ื•ืžื”?
17:21
I think there is enough intellectual power in this room
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื•ื— ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื–ื”
17:23
to bring slavery to an end.
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ืœืกื™ื•ืžื”.
17:25
And you know what? If we can't do that,
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”? ืื ืื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”,
17:28
if we can't use our intellectual power to end slavery,
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ ืฉืœื ื• ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช,
17:31
there is one last question:
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืจืง ืฉืืœื” ืื—ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื”,
17:34
Are we truly free?
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ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื?
17:36
Okay, thank you so much.
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
17:38
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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