Why genetic research must be more diverse | Keolu Fox

80,315 views ใƒป 2016-07-15

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Gal Abramovitz
00:12
As a little Hawaiian,
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ื›ื™ืœื™ื“ ื”ื•ื•ืื™ ืฆืขื™ืจ,
00:14
my mom and auntie always told me stories about Kalaupapa --
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ืื™ืžื™ ื•ื“ื•ื“ืชื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืกื™ืคืจื• ืœื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืงืœืื•ืคืคื” --
00:17
the Hawaiian leper colony
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ืžื•ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืจืขื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื•ื•ืื™
00:18
surrounded by the highest sea cliffs in the world --
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ืฉืžื•ืงืคืช ื‘ืฆื•ืงื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื --
00:21
and Father Damien,
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ื•ื”ืื‘ ื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ,
00:23
the Belgian missionary who gave his life for the Hawaiian community.
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ื”ืžืกื™ื•ื ืจ ื”ื‘ืœื’ื™ ืฉื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ื”ื•ื•ืื™.
00:27
As a young nurse,
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ื›ืื—ื•ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื”,
00:28
my aunt trained the nuns caring for the remaining lepers
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ื“ื•ื“ืชื™ ื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžืฆื•ืจืขื™ื ืฉื ื•ืชืจื•
00:31
almost a 100 years after Father Damien died of leprosy.
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ื›ืžืขื˜ 100 ืฉื ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืื‘ ื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžืช ืžืฆืจืขืช.
00:36
I remember stories she told
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ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืกื™ืคืจื”
00:38
about traveling down switchback cliff paths on a mule,
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ืขืœ ืžืกืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฆื•ืงื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคืจื“ื”,
00:41
while my uncle played her favorite hula songs on the ukulele
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื ื™ื’ืŸ ืืช ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ื”ื•ืœื” ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืงืœื™ืœื™
00:44
all the way down to Kalaupapa.
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ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืงืœืื•ืคืคื”.
00:46
You see, as a youngster,
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ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ื›ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฆืขื™ืจ,
00:48
I was always curious about a few things.
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ืชืžื™ื“ ืกื™ืงืจื ื• ืื•ืชื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื:
00:50
First was why a Belgian missionary chose to live in complete isolation
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืœืžื” ืžื™ืกื™ื•ื ืจ ื‘ืœื’ื™ ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜
00:55
in Kalaupapa,
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ื‘ืงืœืื•ืคืคื”,
00:56
knowing he would inevitably contract leprosy
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ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ืฆืจืขืช
00:59
from the community of people he sought to help.
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ืžืื ืฉื™ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ื”ื ื˜ื™ืคืœ.
01:02
And secondly,
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ื•ืฉื ื™ืช,
01:04
where did the leprosy bacteria come from?
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ืžืื™ืคื” ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ืช ื”ืฆืจืขืช ื”ื’ื™ืขื”?
01:07
And why were Kฤnaka Maoli,
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ื•ืœืžื” ืงื ืืงื” ืžืื•ืœื™,
01:08
the indigenous people of Hawaii,
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืื™,
01:11
so susceptible to developing leprosy, or "mai Pake?"
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ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืœืคืชื— ืฆืจืขืช, ืื• "ืžืื™ ืคืงื”"?
01:15
This got my curious about what makes us unique as Hawaiians --
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ื–ื” ื’ืจื ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกืงืจืŸ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื ื• ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื›ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืื™ --
01:19
namely, our genetic makeup.
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ, ื”ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
01:22
But it wasn't until high school,
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ื›ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
01:24
through the Human Genome Project,
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ื“ืจืš ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื’ื ื•ื ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™,
01:26
that I realized I wasn't alone
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ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“
01:28
in trying to connect our unique genetic ancestry
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ืฉื ื™ืกื” ืœืงืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื”ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
01:31
to our potential health, wellness and illness.
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ืœืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ืื• ืœื—ืœื•ืช.
01:36
You see,
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ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื,
01:37
the 2.7 billion-dollar project
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ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืŸ 2.7 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื”ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื
01:39
promised an era of predictive and preventative medicine
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ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืคื•ืื” ื—ื•ื–ื” ื•ืžื•ื ืขืช
01:43
based on our unique genetic makeup.
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ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™ ื”ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
01:45
So to me it always seemed obvious
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ืื– ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื–ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื ืจืื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ
01:47
that in order to achieve this dream,
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ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื”ื–ื”,
01:50
we would need to sequence a diverse cohort of people
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืจืฆืฃ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื,
01:54
to obtain the full spectrum of human genetic variation on the planet.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืกืคืงื˜ืจื•ื ื”ืžืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืคืœื ื˜ื”.
01:58
That's why 10 years later,
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ืœื›ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ 10 ืฉื ื™ื,
02:00
it continues to shock me,
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ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื“ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชื™
02:02
knowing that 96 percent of genome studies
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ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉ-96 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™
02:05
associating common genetic variation with specific diseases
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ืฉืžืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื’ื ื˜ื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื•ืช
02:09
have focused exclusively on individuals of European ancestry.
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ื”ืชืžืงื“ ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืžื•ืฆื ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™.
02:14
Now you don't need a PhD
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ืืชื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜
02:15
to see that that leaves four percent for the rest of diversity.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉืื™ืจ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ.
02:19
And in my own searching,
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ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื™,
02:21
I've discovered that far less than one percent
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ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืื—ื•ื– ืื—ื“
02:23
have actually focused on indigenous communities, like myself.
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ื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื™.
02:27
So that begs the question:
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ืื– ื–ื” ืžืขืœื” ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื”:
02:29
Who is the Human Genome Project actually for?
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื’ื ื•ื ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืžื™ื•ืขื“?
02:32
Just like we have different colored eyes and hair,
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ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืขืจ ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ืื—ืจ,
02:35
we metabolize drugs differently
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื ื” ืœืชืจื•ืคื•ืช
02:36
based on the variation in our genomes.
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ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื’ื ื•ื ืฉืœื ื•.
02:38
So how many of you would be shocked to learn
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ืื– ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืคืชืขื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช
02:42
that 95 percent of clinical trials
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ืฉ-95 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื
02:45
have also exclusively featured individuals of European ancestry?
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ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื›ืœืœื• ืืš ื•ืจืง ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืžื•ืฆื ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™?
02:50
This bias
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ื”ื”ื˜ื™ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•
02:51
and systematic lack of engagement of indigenous people
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ื•ื”ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื•ืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื
02:55
in both clinical trials and genome studies
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ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ืงืจื™ ื’ื ื•ื
02:58
is partially the result of a history of distrust.
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ื”ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืจืฆื•ืคืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ืืžื•ืŸ.
03:02
For example,
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
03:04
in 1989, researchers from Arizona State University
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ื‘-1989 ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืืจื™ื–ื•ื ื”
03:08
obtained blood samples from Arizona's Havasupai tribe,
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ืœืงื—ื• ื“ื’ื™ืžื•ืช ื“ื ืžืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ื”ื‘ืกื•ืคืื™ ืžืืจื™ื–ื•ื ื”,
03:11
promising to alleviate the burden of type 2 diabetes
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ื‘ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื ื˜ืœ ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ืจืช ืกื•ื’ 2
03:14
that was plaguing their community,
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ืฉื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื” ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”,
03:16
only to turn around and use those exact same samples --
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ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ื“ื’ื™ืžื•ืช --
03:20
without the Havasupai's consent --
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ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื‘ืกื•ืคืื™ --
03:22
to study rates of schizophrenia, inbreeding,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืกื›ื™ื–ื•ืคืจื ื™ื”, ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื,
03:25
and challenge the Havasupai's origin story.
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ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ื”ื‘ืืกื•ืคืื™.
03:29
When the Havasupai found out,
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ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ ื”ื”ื‘ืกื•ืคืื™ ื’ื™ืœื•,
03:31
they sued successfully for $700,000,
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ื”ื ืชื‘ืขื• ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” 700,000 ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื
03:35
and they banned ASU from conducting research on their reservation.
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ื•ืืกืจื• ืขืœ ASU ืœืขืจื•ืš ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœื”ื.
03:40
This culminated in a sort of domino effect
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ื–ื” ื”ืกืœื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืืคืงื˜ ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื•
03:44
with local tribes in the Southwest --
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืžืขืจื‘ --
03:46
including the Navajo Nation,
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื•ืžืช ื”ื ื‘ืื—ื•,
03:47
one of the largest tribes in the country --
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ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”,
03:49
putting a moratorium on genetic research.
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ื”ื˜ื™ืœื• ืžื•ืจื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื ืขืœ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ื.
03:51
Now despite this history of distrust,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืืžื•ืŸ,
03:54
I still believe that indigenous people can benefit from genetic research.
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ืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืชื•ืขืœืช ืžืžื—ืงืจ ื’ื ื˜ื™.
03:59
And if we don't do something soon,
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ื•ืื ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘,
04:01
the gap in health disparities is going to continue to widen.
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ื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ.
04:05
Hawaii, for example,
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ืœื”ื•ื•ืื™, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
04:06
has the longest life expectancy on average of any state in the US,
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ื™ืฉ ืืช ืืช ืฆืคื™ ืชื•ื—ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืจื•ืš ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
04:10
yet native Hawaiians like myself
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืื™, ื›ืžื•ื ื™,
04:13
die a full decade before our non-native counterparts,
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ืžืชื™ื ืขืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœื ืœืคื ื™ ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืœื ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื,
04:16
because we have some of the highest rates of type 2 diabetes,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ืจืช ืกื•ื’ 2,
04:20
obesity,
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ื”ืฉืžื ืช ื™ืชืจ,
04:21
and the number one and number two killers in the US:
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ื•ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช:
04:24
cardiovascular disease and cancer.
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ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ื“ื ื•ืกืจื˜ืŸ.
04:25
So how do we ensure
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ืื– ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื•ื“ืื™ื
04:27
the populations of people that need genome sequencing the most
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ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื›ื™ ื–ืงื•ืงื•ืช ืœืžื™ืคื•ื™ ื’ื ื˜ื™
04:30
are not the last to benefit?
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ื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื•?
04:32
My vision is to make genetic research more native,
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ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื,
04:37
to indigenize genome sequencing technology.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ื”ื’ื ื™ื ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืดื™ืœื™ื“ื™ืชืด.
04:40
Traditionally, genomes are sequenced in laboratories.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™, ืจื™ืฆื•ืฃ ื’ื ื™ื ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช.
04:44
Here's an image of your classic genome sequencer.
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ื”ื ื” ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืจืฆืฃ ื”ื’ื ื™ื ื”ืงืœืืกื™.
04:47
It's huge.
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ื”ื•ื ืขืฆื•ื.
04:48
It's the size of a refrigerator.
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ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืงืจืจ.
04:50
There's this obvious physical limitation.
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ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื’ื‘ืœื” ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื”ื–ื•.
04:53
But what if you could sequence genomes on the fly?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืฆืฃ ื’ื ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ื?
04:57
What if you could fit a genome sequencer in your pocket?
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ืžื” ืื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืžืจืฆืฃ ื’ื ื™ื ืœื›ื™ืก ืฉืœื›ื?
05:03
This nanopore-based sequencer
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ื”ืžืจืฆืฃ ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ื ื ื•-ื ืงื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ื”
05:06
is one 10,000th the size of your traditional genome sequencer.
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ื”ื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ ืคื™ 10,000 ืžืžืจืฆืฃ ื”ื’ื ื™ื ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™.
05:10
It doesn't have the same physical limitations,
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืืช ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืช,
05:13
in that it's not tethered to a lab bench with extraneous cords,
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืขื ื—ื•ื˜ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจื™ื,
05:17
large vats of chemicals or computer monitors.
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ืžื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ืื• ืžืกื›ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘.
05:20
It allows us to de-black box genome sequencing technology development
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ื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืจื™ืฆื•ืฃ ื”ื’ื ื•ื ืžื”ืงื•ืคืกื” ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื”
05:25
in a way that's immersive and collaborative,
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ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื”ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื•ืช,
05:28
activating and empowering indigenous communities ...
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ืžื” ืฉืžืคืขื™ืœ ื•ืžืขืฆื™ื ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื•ืช
05:32
as citizen scientists.
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ื›ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžื“ืขื ื™ื.
05:35
100 years later in Kalaupapa,
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100 ืฉื ื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงืœืื•ืคืคื”,
05:37
we now have the technology to sequence leprosy bacteria in real time,
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ื›ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœืจืฆืฃ ืืช ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืฆืจืขืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช,
05:41
using mobile genome sequencers,
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ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืจืฆืคื™ ื’ื ื•ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื,
05:44
remote access to the Internet
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ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžืจื•ื—ืงืช ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
05:47
and cloud computation.
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ื•ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื ืŸ.
05:50
But only if that's what Hawaiian people want.
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ืื ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื•ืื™ ื™ืจืฆื•.
05:54
In our space,
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ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœื ื•,
05:55
on our terms.
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ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
05:58
IndiGenomics is about science for the people by the people.
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ืื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื ื•ืžื™ืงื” ื ื•ื’ืขืช ืœืžื“ืข ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื.
06:04
We'll be starting with a tribal consultation resource,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื™ืขื•ืฅ ืœืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื,
06:08
focused on educating indigenous communities
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ืฉื™ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื
06:11
on the potential use and misuse of genetic information.
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ืขืœ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืื• ื”ื—ืžืฆืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ื’ื ื˜ื™.
06:14
Eventually we'd like to have our own IndiGenomics research institute
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื ืจืฆื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืžื—ืงืจ ืื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ ืžืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื ื•
06:18
to conduct our own experiments
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืจื•ืš ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื ื•
06:19
and educate the next generation of indigenous scientists.
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ื•ืœื—ื ืš ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœ ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื.
06:23
In the end,
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ,
06:25
indigenous people need to be partners in and not subjects of genetic research.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื•ืœื ืจืง ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืงืจ ื’ื ื˜ื™.
06:30
And for those on the outside,
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ื•ืœืืœื” ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ,
06:32
just as Father Damien did,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืื‘ ื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืขืฉื”,
06:34
the research community needs to immerse itself in indigenous culture
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ืงื”ื™ืœืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืงื™ืฃ ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ืช
06:39
or die trying.
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ืื• ืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ.
06:40
Mahalo.
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ืžืื”ืœื•.
06:42
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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