Why genetic research must be more diverse | Keolu Fox

79,565 views ・ 2016-07-15

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μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Gichung Lee κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
As a little Hawaiian,
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ν•˜μ™€μ΄μ— μ‚¬λŠ” 어린이인 μ €μ—κ²Œ
00:14
my mom and auntie always told me stories about Kalaupapa --
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μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆμ™€ 이λͺ¨λŠ” 항상 칼라우파파 이야기λ₯Ό λ“€λ €μ£Όμ‹œκ³€ ν–ˆμ£ .
00:17
the Hawaiian leper colony
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μΉΌλΌμš°νŒŒνŒŒλŠ” ν•˜μ™€μ΄μ˜ λ‚˜ν™˜μž μˆ˜μš©μ†Œλ‘œ
00:18
surrounded by the highest sea cliffs in the world --
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μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 높은 ν•΄μ‹μ ˆλ²½λ“€λ‘œ λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹Έμ—¬ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
and Father Damien,
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λ°λ―Έμ•ˆ μ‹ λΆ€λ‹˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 이야기도 항상 ν•΄μ£Όμ…¨λŠ”λ°
00:23
the Belgian missionary who gave his life for the Hawaiian community.
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그뢄은 평생 ν•˜μ™€μ΄ 주민듀을 μœ„ν•΄ λͺΈλ°”μΉ˜μ‹  벨기에 선ꡐ사셨죠.
00:27
As a young nurse,
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μ Šμ€ κ°„ν˜Έμ‚¬μ˜€λ˜
00:28
my aunt trained the nuns caring for the remaining lepers
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제 이λͺ¨λŠ” μˆ˜λ…€λ“€μ΄ 남아 μžˆλŠ” λ‚˜ν™˜μžλ“€μ„ 돌볼 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ κ΅μœ‘μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:31
almost a 100 years after Father Damien died of leprosy.
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λ°λ―Έμ•ˆ μ‹ λΆ€λ‹˜μ΄ λ‚˜λ³‘μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λ§ν•œ ν›„ 100λ…„ 후에 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:36
I remember stories she told
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μ €λŠ” 이λͺ¨κ°€ λ“€λ €μ€€ 이야기λ₯Ό κΈ°μ–΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:38
about traveling down switchback cliff paths on a mule,
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μΉΌλΌμš°νŒŒνŒŒκΉŒμ§€ λ‚΄λ €κ°€λŠ” 길을 슬리퍼λ₯Ό μ‹ κ³  μ§€κ·Έμž¬κ·Έλ‘œ 갈 λ•Œ
00:41
while my uncle played her favorite hula songs on the ukulele
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이λͺ¨λΆ€λŠ” 이λͺ¨κ°€ 제일 μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” ν›ŒλΌ λ…Έλž˜λ₯Ό μ—°μ£Όν•˜κ³ λŠ” ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” 이야기λ₯Όμš”.
00:44
all the way down to Kalaupapa.
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00:46
You see, as a youngster,
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μ–΄λ¦° μ•„μ΄λ‘œμ„œ
00:48
I was always curious about a few things.
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μ €λŠ” λͺ‡ 가지 κΆκΈˆν•œ 점이 μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
00:50
First was why a Belgian missionary chose to live in complete isolation
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μ²«μ§ΈλŠ” μ™œ 벨기에 선ꡐ사가 μΉΌλΌμš°νŒŒνŒŒμ—μ„œ
μ™„μ „νžˆ 고립되 μ‚¬λŠ” 삢을 μ„ νƒν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
in Kalaupapa,
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00:56
knowing he would inevitably contract leprosy
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κ²°κ΅­μ—λŠ” κ·Έκ°€ λ„μ™€μ£Όλ €λ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ μ§‘λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„°
00:59
from the community of people he sought to help.
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λ‚˜λ³‘μ΄ 감염될 것을 μ•Œλ©΄μ„œλ„μš”.
01:02
And secondly,
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λ‘λ²ˆμ§Έλ‘œ
01:04
where did the leprosy bacteria come from?
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μ–΄λ””μ„œ κ·Έ λ‚˜λ³‘ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„κ°€ 온 κ²ƒμΌκΉŒμš”?
01:07
And why were Kānaka Maoli,
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그리고 μ™œ ν•˜μ™€μ΄μ˜ 토착민인 μΉ΄λ‚˜μΉ΄ 마였리쑱이
01:08
the indigenous people of Hawaii,
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"마이 νŒŒμΌ€" 즉 λ‚˜λ³‘μ— 걸릴 ν™•λ₯ μ΄ λ†’μ•˜λ˜ κ²ƒμΌκΉŒμš”?
01:11
so susceptible to developing leprosy, or "mai Pake?"
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01:15
This got my curious about what makes us unique as Hawaiians --
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 우리 ν•˜μ™€μ΄μΈμ΄ μ™œ λ…νŠΉν•œ 건지 κΆκΈˆν•΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:19
namely, our genetic makeup.
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즉, 우리의 μœ μ „ν•™μ  ꡬ성에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
But it wasn't until high school,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ œκ°€ 고등학ꡐ λ•Œ
01:24
through the Human Genome Project,
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인간 κ²Œλ†ˆ ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ₯Ό μ ‘ν•˜κ³  λ‚˜μ„œμ•Ό
01:26
that I realized I wasn't alone
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우리의 λ…νŠΉν•œ μœ μ „μ  ν˜ˆν†΅μ„
01:28
in trying to connect our unique genetic ancestry
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건강과 μ§ˆλ³‘ λ“± 잠재적 건강과 μ—°κ΄€μ§“λŠ”
01:31
to our potential health, wellness and illness.
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μœ μΌν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:36
You see,
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λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄
01:37
the 2.7 billion-dollar project
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27μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬μ§œλ¦¬ ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈκ°€
01:39
promised an era of predictive and preventative medicine
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우리의 μœ μ „μ  ꡬ성에 κ·Όκ±°ν•œ
01:43
based on our unique genetic makeup.
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예방 μ˜ν•™κ³Ό 예츑의 μ‹œλŒ€λ₯Ό μ•½μ†ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:45
So to me it always seemed obvious
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 저에겐 이 κΏˆμ„ 이루기 μœ„ν•΄μ„ 
01:47
that in order to achieve this dream,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ§‘λ‹¨μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ μ„œμ—΄ μž‘μ—…ν•˜μ—¬
01:50
we would need to sequence a diverse cohort of people
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μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ μΈκ°„μ˜ μœ μ „μž 차이 μŠ€νŽ™νŠΈλŸΌμ„
01:54
to obtain the full spectrum of human genetic variation on the planet.
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μ–»μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것이 λΆ„λͺ…ν•΄ λ³΄μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
That's why 10 years later,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 10λ…„ 후에도
02:00
it continues to shock me,
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μ œκ°€ μ—¬μ „νžˆ λ†€λΌλŠ” 것은
02:02
knowing that 96 percent of genome studies
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νŠΉμ • μ§ˆλ³‘λ“€μ˜ 곡톡 μœ μ „μž 차이
02:05
associating common genetic variation with specific diseases
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κ΄€λ ¨ κ²Œλ†ˆ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 96%κ°€
02:09
have focused exclusively on individuals of European ancestry.
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유럽 ν˜ˆν†΅μ˜ κ°œμΈλ“€μ—κ²Œλ§Œ μ§‘μ€‘λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:14
Now you don't need a PhD
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λ°•μ‚¬ν•™μœ„κ°€ 없어도
02:15
to see that that leaves four percent for the rest of diversity.
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λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 민쑱을 μœ„ν•΄μ„  4%밖에 남지 μ•ŠλŠ” λ‹€λŠ” 것을 보싀 수 있죠.
02:19
And in my own searching,
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그리고 μ œκ°€ 직접 μ°Ύμ•„λ³Έ κ²°κ³Ό
02:21
I've discovered that far less than one percent
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1%도 μ•ˆλ˜λŠ” 연ꡬ가
02:23
have actually focused on indigenous communities, like myself.
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μ € 같은 토착민쑱듀에 λŒ€ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:27
So that begs the question:
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 질문이 λ– μ˜€λ₯Ό μˆ˜λ°–μ— μ—†μ£ :
02:29
Who is the Human Genome Project actually for?
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인간 κ²Œλ†ˆ ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλŠ” λˆ„κ΅¬λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ 것인가?
02:32
Just like we have different colored eyes and hair,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μƒ‰μ˜ 눈과 머리카락을 가지고 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ
02:35
we metabolize drugs differently
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 가진 κ²Œλ†ˆμ˜ 차이에 따라
02:36
based on the variation in our genomes.
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약을 λŒ€μ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” 과정이 μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:38
So how many of you would be shocked to learn
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€ 쀑 λͺ‡λΆ„이
02:42
that 95 percent of clinical trials
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μž„μƒμ‹€ν—˜μ˜ 95%κ°€ μœ λŸ½ν˜ˆν†΅μ˜ κ°œμΈμ—κ²Œλ§Œ
02:45
have also exclusively featured individuals of European ancestry?
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λ§žμΆ”μ–΄μ Έ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•„μ‹œκ³  λ†€λΌμ‹€κΉŒμš”?
02:50
This bias
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이 편견과
02:51
and systematic lack of engagement of indigenous people
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μž„μƒμ‹€ν—˜κ³Ό κ²Œλ†ˆ 연ꡬ λͺ¨λ‘μ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
02:55
in both clinical trials and genome studies
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토속민에 λŒ€ν•œ 체계적인 μ°Έμ—¬μ˜ 뢀쑱은
02:58
is partially the result of a history of distrust.
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λΆ€λΆ„μ μœΌλ‘œ λΆˆμ‹ μ˜ μ—­μ‚¬μ—μ„œ κΈ°μΈν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:02
For example,
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ν•œ 예둜
03:04
in 1989, researchers from Arizona State University
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1989λ…„ μ•„λ¦¬μ‘°λ‚˜ μ£Όλ¦½λŒ€ν•™μ˜ μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€μ€
03:08
obtained blood samples from Arizona's Havasupai tribe,
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μ•„λ¦¬μ‘°λ‚˜ ν•˜λ°”μˆ˜νŒŒμ΄μ‘±μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° ν˜ˆμ•‘ μƒ˜ν”Œμ„ μ±„μ·¨ν•˜μ˜€κ³ 
03:11
promising to alleviate the burden of type 2 diabetes
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λ‹Ήμ‹œ 그곳에 λ§Œμ—°ν•˜λ˜
2ν˜• 당뇨병을 μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜λŠ”λ° μ“°κ² λ‹€κ³  μ•½μ†ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
03:14
that was plaguing their community,
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03:16
only to turn around and use those exact same samples --
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이λ₯Ό 저버리고 κ·Έ μƒ˜ν”Œμ„
03:20
without the Havasupai's consent --
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ν•˜λ°”μˆ˜νŒŒμ΄μ‘±μ˜ λ™μ˜λ„ 없이
03:22
to study rates of schizophrenia, inbreeding,
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정신뢄열증과 근친ꡐ배 λΉ„μœ¨μ„ μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
03:25
and challenge the Havasupai's origin story.
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ν•˜λ°”μˆ˜νŒŒμ΄μ˜ 기원 μ„€ν™”λ₯Ό λΉ„νŒν•˜λŠ”λ° μ΄μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:29
When the Havasupai found out,
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ν•˜λ°”μˆ˜νŒŒμ΄μ‘±μ΄ 이λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄κ³ 
03:31
they sued successfully for $700,000,
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κ³ μ†Œν•΄ 70만 λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ λ°°μƒκΈˆμ„ λ°›μ•˜μœΌλ©°
03:35
and they banned ASU from conducting research on their reservation.
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κ·Έλ“€ λ³΄ν˜Έμ§€μ—­μ—μ„œ μ•„λ¦¬μ‘°λ‚˜ μ£Όλ¦½λŒ€ν•™μ΄ μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” 것을 κΈˆμ§€μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:40
This culminated in a sort of domino effect
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μ΄λŠ” μΌμ’…μ˜ 도미노 ν˜„μƒμ„
03:44
with local tribes in the Southwest --
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λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 큰 μ’…μ‘±λ“€ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μΈ
03:46
including the Navajo Nation,
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λ‚˜λ°”ν˜Έλ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•œ
03:47
one of the largest tribes in the country --
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뢁동μͺ½ 지역 뢀쑱듀에도 영ν–₯을 λ―Έμ³μ„œ
03:49
putting a moratorium on genetic research.
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μœ μ „ 연ꡬλ₯Ό μΌμ‹œ μ •μ§€μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:51
Now despite this history of distrust,
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이 λΆˆμ‹ μ˜ 역사에도 λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
03:54
I still believe that indigenous people can benefit from genetic research.
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μ €λŠ” μ—¬μ „νžˆ 토착민이 μœ μ „ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ ν˜œνƒμ„ 받을 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
And if we don't do something soon,
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빨리 무언가λ₯Ό ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄
04:01
the gap in health disparities is going to continue to widen.
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κ±΄κ°•μ˜ κ²©μ°¨λŠ” 계속 λ²Œμ–΄μ§ˆ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:05
Hawaii, for example,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ ν•˜μ™€μ΄λŠ”
04:06
has the longest life expectancy on average of any state in the US,
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λ―Έκ΅­ μ–΄λŠ 주보닀 평균 수λͺ…이 λ†’μ§€λ§Œ
04:10
yet native Hawaiians like myself
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저와 같은 ν•˜μ™€μ΄ 원주민듀은
04:13
die a full decade before our non-native counterparts,
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비원주민듀보닀 10년은 빨리 μ£½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:16
because we have some of the highest rates of type 2 diabetes,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 2ν˜• 당뇨병
04:20
obesity,
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λΉ„λ§Œ
04:21
and the number one and number two killers in the US:
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그리고 μ‚¬μƒμžλ₯Ό 많이 λ‚΄λŠ” 미ꡭ의 2λŒ€ μ§ˆλ³‘μΈ
μ‹¬ν˜ˆκ΄€κ³„ μ§ˆν™˜κ³Ό 암에 걸릴 ν™•λ₯ μ΄ 맀우 λ†’κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:24
cardiovascular disease and cancer.
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04:25
So how do we ensure
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄
04:27
the populations of people that need genome sequencing the most
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κ²Œλ†ˆ 배열이 κ°€μž₯ ν•„μš”ν•œ 인ꡬ가
04:30
are not the last to benefit?
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κ°€μž₯ 늦게 이득을 보지 μ•Šκ²Œ ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
04:32
My vision is to make genetic research more native,
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제 비전은 μœ μ „ 연ꡬλ₯Ό λ”μš± ν† μ°©λ―Ό μΉœν™”μ μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
to indigenize genome sequencing technology.
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κ²Œλ†ˆ λ°°μ—΄ 기술의 ν˜„μ§€μΈν™” ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œμš”.
04:40
Traditionally, genomes are sequenced in laboratories.
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μ „ν†΅μ μœΌλ‘œ κ²Œλ†ˆμ€ μ—°κ΅¬μ‹€μ—μ„œ λ°°μ—΄λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:44
Here's an image of your classic genome sequencer.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹œλŠ” μ „ν˜•μ μΈ κ²Œλ†ˆ λ°°μ—΄κΈ°μ˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:47
It's huge.
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μ—„μ²­ 크죠.
04:48
It's the size of a refrigerator.
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냉μž₯κ³ λ§Œν•œ ν¬κΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:50
There's this obvious physical limitation.
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이런 λΆ„λͺ…ν•œ 물리적 ν•œκ³„λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:53
But what if you could sequence genomes on the fly?
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ²Œλ†ˆ 배열을 μ¦‰μ‹œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄μš”?
04:57
What if you could fit a genome sequencer in your pocket?
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κ²Œλ†ˆ λ°°μ—΄κΈ°κ°€ μ£Όλ¨Έλ‹ˆ μ•ˆμ— λ“€μ–΄κ°„λ‹€λ©΄μš”?
05:03
This nanopore-based sequencer
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이 λ‚˜λ…Έν¬μ–΄ 기반 λ°°μ—΄κΈ°λŠ”
05:06
is one 10,000th the size of your traditional genome sequencer.
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μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹œλŠ” 전톡적인 κ²Œλ†ˆ λ°°μ—΄κΈ°μ˜ λ§ŒλΆ„μ˜ 일 ν¬κΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:10
It doesn't have the same physical limitations,
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이것이 물리적 ν•œκ³„λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ€ 점은
05:13
in that it's not tethered to a lab bench with extraneous cords,
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μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€ μž‘μ—…λŒ€μ— μ™ΈλΆ€μ„ λ“€κ³Ό
μ»€λ‹€λž€ ν™”ν•™μ•½ν’ˆν†΅ λ˜λŠ” 컴퓨터 λͺ¨λ‹ˆν„°μ— λ¬Άμ—¬μžˆμ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:17
large vats of chemicals or computer monitors.
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05:20
It allows us to de-black box genome sequencing technology development
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이것은 κ²Œλ†ˆ λ°°μ—΄κΈ° 기술 λ°œμ „μ˜ λšœκ»‘μ„ μ—΄μ–΄μ„œ
05:25
in a way that's immersive and collaborative,
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λͺ°μž…적이고 ν˜‘λ ₯적이며
05:28
activating and empowering indigenous communities ...
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ν† μ°©λ―Ό 곡동체λ₯Ό ν™œμ„±ν™”μ‹œν‚€κ³  뢁돋아 μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:32
as citizen scientists.
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μ‹œλ―Ό κ³Όν•™μžλ‘œμ„œ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:35
100 years later in Kalaupapa,
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100λ…„ ν›„ μΉΌλΌμš°νŒŒνŒŒμ—μ„œ
05:37
we now have the technology to sequence leprosy bacteria in real time,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ‚˜λ³‘ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λ₯Ό μ‹€μ‹œκ°„μœΌλ‘œ λ°°μ—΄ν•˜λŠ” κΈ°μˆ μ„ λ³΄μœ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:41
using mobile genome sequencers,
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λͺ¨λ°”일 κ²Œλ†ˆ 배열기와
05:44
remote access to the Internet
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인터넷 원격 접속
05:47
and cloud computation.
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그리고 ν΄λΌμš°λ“œ 계산을 μ΄μš©ν•΄μ„œμš”.
05:50
But only if that's what Hawaiian people want.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν•˜μ™€μ΄ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 이λ₯Ό μ›ν•΄μ•Όλ§Œ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜μ£ .
05:54
In our space,
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우리의 κ³΅κ°„μ—μ„œ 우리의 λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 이루어져야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:55
on our terms.
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05:58
IndiGenomics is about science for the people by the people.
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ν† μ°©κ²Œλ†ˆ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μœ„ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ— μ˜ν•œ κ³Όν•™μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:04
We'll be starting with a tribal consultation resource,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λΆ€μ‘± 자문 μž¬μ›μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ—¬
06:08
focused on educating indigenous communities
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ν† μ°©λ―Όλ“€μ—κ²Œ μœ μ „ μ •λ³΄μ˜ 잠재적 μ‚¬μš©κ³Ό μ˜€μš©μ— λŒ€ν•΄
06:11
on the potential use and misuse of genetic information.
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κ΅μœ‘ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λ € ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:14
Eventually we'd like to have our own IndiGenomics research institute
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κ²°κ΅­ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 우리만의 ν† μ°©κ²Œλ†ˆ μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄
06:18
to conduct our own experiments
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직접 μ‹€ν—˜μ„ ν•˜κ³ 
06:19
and educate the next generation of indigenous scientists.
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λ‹€μŒ μ„ΈλŒ€ ν† μ°©λ―Ό μΆœμ‹  κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ„ μ–‘μ„±ν•˜κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:23
In the end,
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κ²°κ΅­
06:25
indigenous people need to be partners in and not subjects of genetic research.
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토착민듀은 μœ μ „ 연ꡬ에 λŒ€μƒμ΄ μ•„λ‹Œ ν˜‘λ ₯μžκ°€ λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:30
And for those on the outside,
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μ™ΈλΆ€μΈλ“€μ—κ²ŒλŠ”
06:32
just as Father Damien did,
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λ°λ―Έμ•ˆ μ‹ λΆ€λ‹˜μ΄ κ·Έλž¬λ“―μ΄
06:34
the research community needs to immerse itself in indigenous culture
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연ꡬ계가 ν† μ°© 문화에 ν‘Ή 빠질 ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:39
or die trying.
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그렇지 μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄ μ• μ“°λ‹€ μ£½μ–΄κ°ˆ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:40
Mahalo.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:42
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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