Rachel Botsman: The case for collaborative consumption

216,541 views ใƒป 2010-12-17

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Yubal Masalker ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:15
So today I'm going to talk to you
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ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื›ื
00:17
about the rise of collaborative consumption.
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ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช.
00:20
I'm going to explain what it is
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ืืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื” ื–ื”
00:22
and try and convince you -- in just 15 minutes --
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ื•ืื ืกื” ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืชื›ื -- ื‘-15 ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ --
00:25
that this isn't a flimsy idea,
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืงืœื•ืฉ,
00:27
or a short-term trend,
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ืื• ืžื’ืžื” ืงื™ืฆืจืช-ืžื•ืขื“,
00:29
but a powerful cultural and economic force
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ืืœื ื›ื•ืจื— ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื‘ืขืœ ืขื•ืฆืžื”,
00:32
reinventing not just what we consume,
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ื”ืžืžืฆื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ืœื ืจืง ืžื” ืื ื• ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื,
00:34
but how we consume.
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ืืœื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ื• ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื.
00:36
Now I'm going to start with a deceptively simple example.
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ืืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื•ืžืคืชื™ืขื”.
00:39
Hands up -- how many of you
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ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” -- ืœื›ืžื” ืžื›ื
00:42
have books, CDs, DVDs, or videos
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ื™ืฉ ืกืคืจื™ื, ืชืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื, ืื• ืงืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ื™ื“ืื•
00:45
lying around your house
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ื”ืฉื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช
00:47
that you probably won't use again,
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ื•ืืชื ื›ื ืจืื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
00:49
but you can't quite bring yourself to throw away?
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื›ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžื”ื?
00:52
Can't see all the hands,
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ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื,
00:54
but it looks like all of you, right?
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ืื‘ืœ ื ืจืื” ืฉื–ื” ื›ื•ืœื›ื.
00:56
On our shelves at home,
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ืขืœ ืžื“ืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช,
00:58
we have a box set of the DVD series "24,"
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืกื˜ ืชืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ ื“ื™.ื•ื™.ื“ื™. ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ื“ืจื” "24" --
01:01
season six to be precise.
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ืขื•ื ื” 6 ืœื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง.
01:03
I think it was bought for us around three years ago for a Christmas present.
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืื•ืชื ื›ืžืชื ื” ืœื—ื’-ื”ืžื•ืœื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื›-3 ืฉื ื™ื.
01:06
Now my husband, Chris, and I
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ื‘ืขืœื™, ื›ืจื™ืก, ื•ืื ื™
01:08
love this show.
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ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ื“ืจื”.
01:10
But let's face it, when you've watched it once maybe, or twice,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื•ื ื ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืืžืช, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืฆืคื™ื ื• ื‘ื–ื” ืคืขื ืื• ืคืขืžื™ื™ื,
01:13
you don't really want to watch it again,
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ืœื ื‘ื ืœื ื• ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘,
01:15
because you know how Jack Bauer is going to defeat the terrorists.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื’'ืง ื‘ืื•ื•ืจ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืก ืืช ื”ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื.
01:18
So there it sits on our shelves
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ืื– ื–ื” ืฉื•ื›ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ืฃ,
01:20
obsolete to us,
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื•,
01:22
but with immediate latent value to someone else.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืœ ืขืจืš ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
01:25
Now before we go on, I have a confession to make.
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ื›ืขืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืžืฉื™ืš, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™.
01:28
I lived in New York for 10 years,
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ื—ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง ื‘ืžืฉืš 10 ืฉื ื™ื,
01:30
and I am a big fan of "Sex and the City."
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืขืจื™ืฆื” ืžื•ืฉื‘ืขืช ืฉืœ "ืกืงืก ื•ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”".
01:33
Now I'd love to watch the first movie again
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืกืจื˜ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
01:35
as sort of a warm-up to the sequel coming out next week.
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ื›ืžื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืžื•ื ืœื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืกื™ื“ืจื” ืฉื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ื‘ื.
01:38
So how easily could I swap
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ืื– ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืงืœื•ืช ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ืœืฃ
01:40
our unwanted copy of "24"
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ืขื ื”ื”ืขืชืง ื”ืœื-ืจืฆื•ื™ ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืœ "24"
01:42
for a wanted copy of "Sex and the City?"
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ืชืžื•ืจืช ื”ืขืชืง ืฉืœ "ืกืงืก ื•ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”"?
01:45
Now you may have noticed
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ืื•ืœื™ ืฉืžืชื ืœื‘
01:47
there's a new sector emerging called swap-trading.
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ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ืขื ืฃ ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื ืงืจื ืกื—ืจ ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ.
01:49
Now the easiest analogy for swap-trading
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ื”ืื ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื›ื™ ืงืœื” ืœืกื—ืจ ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ
01:52
is like an online dating service
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
01:54
for all your unwanted media.
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžืžื ื•.
01:56
What it does is use the Internet
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ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
01:58
to create an infinite marketplace
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืงื™ ืื™ืŸ-ืกื•ืคื™
02:00
to match person A's "haves"
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื'
02:02
with person C's "wants,"
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ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘',
02:04
whatever they may be.
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื” ื”ื.
02:06
The other week, I went on one of these sites,
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ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื’ืœืฉืชื™ ืœืื—ื“ ืžื”ืืชืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”
02:09
appropriately called Swaptree,
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ื”ื ืงืจื ื‘ื”ืชืื Swaptree.
02:12
and there were over 59,300 items
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ืžืขืœ 59,300 ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื
02:15
that I could instantly swap
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ืชืžื•ืจืช
02:17
for my copy of "24."
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ื”ื”ืขืชืง ืฉืœ "24" ืฉืืฆืœื™.
02:20
Lo and behold,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื•ืจืื•,
02:22
there in Reseda, CA was Rondoron
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ืฉื ื‘ืจืกืื“ื” ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื ืจื•ื ื“ื•ืจื•ืŸ
02:24
who wanted swap his or her
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ืฉืจืฆื” ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื”ืขืชืง
02:26
"like new" copy of "Sex and the City"
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"ื›ืžื• ื—ื“ืฉ" ืฉืœื• ืื• ืฉืœื” ืฉืœ "ืกืงืก ื•ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”"
02:28
for my copy of "24."
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ืชืžื•ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืชืง ืฉืœ "24" ืฉืืฆืœื™.
02:31
So in other words, what's happening here
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ืื– ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื›ืืŸ
02:33
is that Swaptree
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ื”ื•ื ืฉ-Swaptree
02:35
solves my carrying company's sugar rush problem,
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ืคื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืžืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœื™,
02:37
a problem the economists call "the coincidence of wants,"
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ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉื”ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ืกื˜ ืžื›ื ื” "ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื",
02:40
in approximately 60 seconds.
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›-60 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช.
02:43
What's even more amazing is it will print out a postage label on the spot,
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ืžื” ืฉืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื“ืคื™ืก ืชื•ื™ืช ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื‘ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื,
02:46
because it knows the way of the item.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ืคืจื™ื˜.
02:48
Now there are layers of technical wonder
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืœืื™ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
02:50
behind sites such as Swaptree,
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ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืงืœืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืืชืจื™ื ื›ืžื• Swaptree,
02:53
but that's not my interest,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™,
02:55
and nor is swap trading, per se.
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ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ืœื ืกื—ืจ ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ ืœื›ืฉืขืฆืžื•.
02:58
My passion, and what I've spent the last few years
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ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช
03:00
dedicated to researching,
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ืฉื”ื•ืงื“ืฉื• ืœืžื—ืงืจ,
03:02
is the collaborative behaviors and trust-mechanics
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ื”ืŸ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื™ื›ื ื™ื–ื ืฉืœ ืืžื•ืŸ
03:05
inherent in these systems.
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ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืœื•.
03:08
When you think about it,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”,
03:10
it would have seemed like a crazy idea, even a few years ago,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ, ืืคื™ืœื• ืจืง ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื,
03:13
that I would swap my stuff with a total stranger
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ืฉืืชื—ืœืฃ ื‘ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืขื ื–ืจ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜
03:16
whose real name I didn't know
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ืฉืืช ืฉืžื• ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช
03:18
and without any money changing hands.
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ื•ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื›ืกืฃ ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
03:21
Yet 99 percent of trades on Swaptree
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช 99 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืกื—ืจ ื‘-Swaptree
03:23
happen successfully,
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ืžืชื ื”ืœ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื”.
03:25
and the one percent that receive a negative rating,
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ื•ื”ืื—ื•ื– ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืขื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช
03:27
it's for relatively minor reasons,
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ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื–ื ื™ื—ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช,
03:29
like the item didn't arrive on time.
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ื›ืžื•, ืคืจื™ื˜ ืฉืœื ื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ื–ืžืŸ.
03:32
So what's happening here?
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ืื– ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืคื”?
03:35
An extremely powerful dynamic
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
03:37
that has huge commercial and cultural implications
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืžืกื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืจื•ืช,
03:40
is at play.
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ืืฉืจ ืžืžืœืืช ื›ืืŸ ืชืคืงื™ื“.
03:42
Namely, that technology
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ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•, ืฉื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
03:44
is enabling
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ืžืืคืฉืจืช
03:46
trust between strangers.
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ืืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ืจื™ื.
03:48
We now live in a global village
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ื›ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืคืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™
03:50
where we can mimic the ties
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ื‘ื• ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื
03:52
that used to happen face to face,
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ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืคื ื™ื-ืืœ-ืคื ื™ื,
03:55
but on a scale and in ways
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืงื ื”-ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื‘ืื•ืคื ื™ื
03:57
that have never been possible before.
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ืฉืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
03:59
So what's actually happening
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืœืžืขืฉื”
04:01
is that social networks and real-time technologies
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืจืฉืชื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ-ืืžืช
04:03
are taking us back.
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ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืื—ื•ืจื”.
04:05
We're bartering, trading,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืกื—ืจ-ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ, ืกื•ื—ืจื™ื,
04:07
swapping, sharing,
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ืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื, ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื,
04:09
but they're being reinvented
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืžื•ืžืฆืื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ
04:11
into dynamic and appealing forms.
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช.
04:13
What I find fascinating
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื•ืฆืืช ื›ืžืจืชืง
04:15
is that we've actually wired our world to share,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืชื™ื›ื ืชื ื• ืืช ืขื•ืœืžื ื• ืœื—ืœื•ืง,
04:18
whether that's our neighborhood, our school,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื” ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ,
04:20
our office, or our Facebook network,
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ื”ืžืฉืจื“, ืื• ืจืฉืช ื”ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง.
04:23
and that's creating an economy
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื›ืœื›ืœื”
04:25
of "what's mine is yours."
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ืฉื‘ื” ืžื” ืฉืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœืš.
04:27
From the mighty eBay,
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ืžื”-eBay ื”ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™,
04:29
the grandfather of exchange marketplaces,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืกื‘ื ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ,
04:31
to car-sharing companies such as GoGet,
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ื“ืจืš ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• GoGet,
04:34
where you pay a monthly fee to rent cars by the hour,
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ืฉืืฆืœืŸ ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืชืฉืœื•ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืขืชื™,
04:37
to social lending platforms such as Zopa,
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ื•ืขื“ ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ Zopa,
04:40
that will take anyone in this audience
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ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœื• ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื”ื
04:42
with 100 dollars to lend,
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ืื ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืœื•ื•ืช 100 ื“ื•ืœืจ,
04:44
and match them with a borrower anywhere in the world,
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ื•ื”ื ื™ืชืื™ืžื• ืœื• ืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
04:47
we're sharing and collaborating again
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื”
04:50
in ways that I believe
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ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื”
04:52
are more hip than hippie.
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ืฉื”ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคื•ืจืฆื•ืช-ื“ืจืš ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื”ื™ืคื™ื.
04:55
I call this "groundswell collaborative consumption."
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ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจืืช ืœื–ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ืžืชืคืฉื˜ืช.
04:58
Now before I dig into the different systems
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืื›ื ืก ืœืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช
05:00
of collaborative consumption,
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ืฉืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช,
05:02
I'd like to try and answer the question
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื”
05:04
that every author rightfully gets asked,
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ืฉื›ืœ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื ืฉืืœ ื‘ืฆื“ืง,
05:07
which is, where did this idea come from?
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ื•ื”ื™ื, ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื’ืขืช ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ.
05:10
Now I'd like to say I woke up one morning
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขื ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืขื•ืจืจืชื™ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืื—ื“
05:12
and said, "I'm going to write about collaborative consumption,"
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ื•ืืžืจืชื™ "ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช."
05:15
but actually it was a complicated web
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืจืฉืช ืกื‘ื•ื›ื”
05:17
of seemingly disconnected ideas.
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ืฉืœ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืจืื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื• ื›ืžื ื•ืชืงื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื”.
05:20
Over the next minute,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ื“ืงื”,
05:22
you're going to see a bit like a conceptual fireworks display
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ืชืจืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ื“ื•ืžื” ืงืฆืช ืœืชืฆื•ื’ืช ื–ื™ืงื•ืงื™ืŸ ื“ื™-ื ื•ืจ
05:24
of all the dots that went on in my head.
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ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื—ืœืคื• ื‘ืจืืฉื™.
05:28
The first thing I began to notice:
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ื—ื ืชื™ ื‘ื•:
05:30
how many big concepts were emerging --
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ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฆืฆื• --
05:32
from the wisdom of crowds to smart mobs --
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ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืช ื”ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื•ืขื“ ืœืืกืคืกื•ืคื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื --
05:35
around how ridiculously easy it is
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ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ืงืœ ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื—ื•ืš
05:37
to form groups for a purpose.
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืœืžืขืŸ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช.
05:39
And linked to this crowd mania
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ื•ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืฉื™ื’ืขื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืžื•ืŸ,
05:41
were examples all around the world --
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ื”ื™ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื --
05:43
from the election of a president
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื ืฉื™ื
05:45
to the infamous Wikipedia, and everything in between --
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ื•ืขื“ ืœื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื” ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื”, ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื --
05:47
on what the power of numbers could achieve.
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ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื.
05:50
Now, you know when you learn a new word,
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ืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžื™ืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื”,
05:53
and then you start to see that word everywhere?
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ื•ืื– ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืชื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื?
05:56
That's what happened to me
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืœื™
05:58
when I noticed that we are moving
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื—ื ืชื™ ืฉืื ื• ื ืขื™ื
06:00
from passive consumers
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ืžืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ืคืกื™ื‘ื™ื™ื
06:02
to creators,
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ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื,
06:04
to highly enabled collaborators.
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ืœืžืฉืชืคื™-ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืขืœื™ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช.
06:07
What's happening
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ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื
06:09
is the Internet is removing the middleman,
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ืฉื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ืื™ืฉ ื”ืชื™ื•ื•ืš,
06:11
so that anyone from a T-shirt designer
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ื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“, ืžืžืขืฆื‘ ื—ื•ืœืฆื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ืงื•
06:13
to a knitter
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ื•ืขื“ ืื—ื“ ืฉืกื•ืจื’,
06:15
can make a living selling peer-to-peer.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืจื ืก ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจืช ืื“ื-ืœืื“ื.
06:17
And the ubiquitous force
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ื•ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืฉืจื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื
06:19
of this peer-to-peer revolution
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ืฉืœ ืžื”ืคื™ื›ืช ืื“ื-ืœืื“ื ื–ื•,
06:21
means that sharing is happening at phenomenal rates.
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ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืฉื ืคื— ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืชืคืกื™ื.
06:24
I mean, it's amazing to think
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘
06:26
that, in every single minute of this speech,
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ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื‘ื• ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
06:29
25 hours
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ื™ื•ืขืœื• ืœื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘
06:31
of YouTube video will be loaded.
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ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืฉืื•ืจื›ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ 25 ืฉืขื•ืช.
06:34
Now what I find fascinating about these examples
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืžืจืชืง ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืืœื•
06:37
is how they're actually tapping into
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ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืŸ ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืง
06:39
our primate instincts.
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ืœืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
06:41
I mean, we're monkeys,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืคื™ื,
06:43
and we're born and bred to share and cooperate.
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ื•ื ื•ืœื“ื ื• ื•ื’ื•ื“ืœื ื• ืœื—ืœื•ืง ื•ืœืฉืชืฃ.
06:45
And we were doing so for thousands of years,
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ื•ืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื,
06:48
whether it's when we hunted in packs,
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ืื ื–ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืฆื“ื ื• ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช,
06:50
or farmed in cooperatives,
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ื•ืื ื›ืืฉืจ ืขื™ื‘ื“ื ื• ืื“ืžื” ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ,
06:53
before this big system called hyper-consumption came along
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื ืงืจืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช-ื™ืชืจ ื ื›ื ืกื” ืœืชืžื•ื ื”
06:56
and we built these fences
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ื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช
06:58
and created out own little fiefdoms.
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ื•ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืืช ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื•ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
07:00
But things are changing,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
07:02
and one of the reasons why
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ื•ืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืš
07:04
is the digital natives, or Gen-Y.
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ื”ื ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™, ืื• ื“ื•ืจ ื”-Y.
07:07
They're growing up sharing --
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ื”ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ --
07:09
files, video games, knowledge.
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ืงื‘ืฆื™ื, ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘, ื™ื“ืข;
07:11
It's second nature to them.
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ื–ื”ื• ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ ืœื”ื.
07:13
So we, the millennials -- I am just a millennial --
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื•, ื‘ื ื™/ื‘ื ื•ืช-ื”ืžื™ืœื ื™ื•ื -- ืื ื™ ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืช-ื”ืžื™ืœื ื™ื•ื --
07:16
are like foot soldiers,
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ืื ื• ื›ืžื• ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื,
07:19
moving us from a culture of "me" to a culture of "we."
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ืฆื•ืขื“ื™ื ืžืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื ื™, ืืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื ื—ื ื•.
07:21
The reason why it's happening so fast
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื–ื” ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื›ื” ืžื”ืจ
07:23
is because of mobile collaboration.
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื ื™ื™ื“ืช.
07:25
We now live in a connected age
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ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื•ืช
07:28
where we can locate anyone, anytime, in real-time,
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ื‘ื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“, ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช,
07:31
from a small device in our hands.
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื•.
07:34
All of this was going through my head
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ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื—ืœืฃ ื‘ืจืืฉื™
07:36
towards the end of 2008,
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ืœืงืจืืช ืกื•ืฃ 2008,
07:38
when, of course, the great financial crash happened.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื” ื”ืžืคื•ืœืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
07:41
Thomas Friedman is one of my favorite New York Times columnists,
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ืชื•ืžืืก ืคืจื™ื“ืžืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก,
07:44
and he poignantly commented
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืช
07:46
that 2008 is when we hit a wall,
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ืฉ-2008 ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ื” ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื ื• ื‘ืงื™ืจ
07:49
when Mother Nature and the market
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืžื-ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื”ืฉื•ืง,
07:52
both said, "No more."
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ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืืžืจื• "ืขื“ ื›ืืŸ".
07:54
Now we rationally know
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ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื›ืœื™ืช
07:56
that an economy built on hyper-consumption
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ืฉื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ืขืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช-ื™ืชืจ
07:59
is a Ponzi scheme. It's a house of cards.
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ื”ื™ื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช-ืคื•ื ื–ื™ (ืชืจืžื™ืช); ื–ื”ื• ืžื’ื“ืœ ืงืœืคื™ื.
08:02
Yet, it's hard for us to individually know what to do.
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ืงืฉื” ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื ืคืจื“ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
08:05
So all of this is a lot of twittering, right?
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืจื‘ืจืช, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
08:08
Well it was a lot of noise and complexity in my head,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจืขืฉ ื•ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉื™,
08:10
until actually I realized it was happening
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”
08:12
because of four key drivers.
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ื‘ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืžืคืชื—.
08:14
One, a renewed belief in the importance of community,
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ืื—ื“, ืืžื•ืŸ ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”,
08:17
and a very redefinition of what friend and neighbor really means.
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ื•ืžืžืฉ ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจ ื•ืฉื›ืŸ.
08:20
A torrent of peer-to-peer social networks
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(ืฉื ื™ื™ื), ืฉื˜ืฃ ืฉืœ ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืขืžื™ืช-ืœืขืžื™ืช
08:23
and real-time technologies,
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ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ-ืืžืช,
08:25
fundamentally changing the way we behave.
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ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ืืช ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื ื•.
08:28
Three, pressing unresolved environmental concerns.
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ืฉืœื•ืฉ, ื“ืื’ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคืชื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื•ื—ืฆื•ืช.
08:31
And four, a global recession
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ื•ืืจื‘ืข, ืžื™ืชื•ืŸ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™
08:33
that has fundamentally shocked
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ืฉื–ืขื–ืข ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“
08:35
consumer behaviors.
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ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื.
08:37
These four drivers
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ืืจื‘ืขื” ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
08:39
are fusing together
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ืžืชืžื–ื’ื™ื ื™ื—ื“
08:41
and creating the big shift --
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ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืชื–ื•ื–ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” --
08:43
away from the 20th century,
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ื”ืœื•ืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ืจื—ืง ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืื” ื”-20
08:45
defined by hyper-consumption,
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ืฉืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื” ื‘ืฆืจื™ื›ืช-ื™ืชืจ,
08:47
towards the 21st century,
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ืืœ ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืžืื” ื”-21,
08:49
defined by collaborative consumption.
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ื”ืžืื•ืคื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ืฆืจื™ื›ื”-ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช.
08:52
I generally believe we're at an inflection point
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžืคื ื”
08:55
where the sharing behaviors --
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ื‘ื” ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื•ืช --
08:57
through sites such as Flickr and Twitter
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ Flickr ื•-Twitter
08:59
that are becoming second nature online --
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ื”ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื˜ื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืจืฉืช --
09:01
are being applied to offline areas of our everyday lives.
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ืžื™ื•ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืœื-ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื.
09:04
From morning commutes to the way fashion is designed
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ืžื ืกื™ืขืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื“ืจืš ืื•ืคืŸ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืื•ืคื ื”,
09:07
to the way we grow food,
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ื•ืขื“ ืœืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืืช ืžื–ื•ื ื ื•,
09:09
we are consuming and collaborating once again.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื”.
09:14
So my co-author, Roo Rogers, and I
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ื›ืš ืฉืฉื•ืชืคื™ ืœื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ืกืคืจ, ืจื• ืจื•ื’'ืจืก, ื•ืื ื•ื›ื™,
09:17
have actually gathered thousands of examples
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ืืกืคื ื• ืืœืคื™ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช
09:19
from all around the world of collaborative consumption.
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ืžื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช.
09:21
And although they vary enormously
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ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืฉื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขืฆื•ื
09:23
in scale, maturity and purpose,
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ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื‘ืฉืœื•ืชืŸ ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืชืŸ,
09:25
when we dived into them,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชืขืžืงื ื• ื‘ื”ืŸ,
09:27
we realized that they could actually be organized into three clear systems.
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ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื—ืœืงืŸ ืœืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช.
09:30
The first is redistribution markets.
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืœื”ืคืฆื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช.
09:33
Redistribution markets, just like Swaptree,
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ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืœื”ืคืฆื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช -- ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• Swaptree --
09:36
are when you take a used, or pre-owned, item
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ื–ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืคืจื™ื˜ ืžืฉื•ืžืฉ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื•
09:38
and move it from where it's not needed
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ื•ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืžืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืขื•ื“ ืฆื•ืจืš
09:40
to somewhere, or someone, where it is.
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ืœืžืงื•ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื•, ืื• ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื•, ืฉืฉื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื•.
09:43
They're increasingly thought of as the fifth 'R' --
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืŸ ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”-'ืœ' ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช --
09:45
reduce, reuse, recycle, repair
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ืœืฆืžืฆื, ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื•ื–ืจ, ืœืžื—ื–ืจ, ืœืชืงืŸ
09:47
and redistribute --
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ื•ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ืžื—ื“ืฉ --
09:49
because they stretch the life cycle of a product
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ
09:51
and thereby reduce waste.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžืฆืžืฆืžื•ืช ืคืกื•ืœืช.
09:53
The second is collaborative lifestyles.
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ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืกื’ื ื•ื ื•ืช-ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื™ื.
09:56
This is the sharing of resources
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื•ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื
09:58
of things like money, skills and time.
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ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื›ืกืฃ, ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื•ื–ืžืŸ.
10:01
I bet, in a couple of years,
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ืื ื™ ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ืฉืชื•ืš ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื,
10:03
that phrases like "coworking"
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ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช,
10:05
and "couchsurfing" and "time banks"
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ื’ืœื™ืฉืช-ื›ื•ืจืกื” ื•ื‘ื ืงื™-ื–ืžืŸ
10:08
are going to become a part of everyday vernacular.
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ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช-ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื•ืช.
10:11
One of my favorite examples of collaborative lifestyles
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ืื—ืช ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื™ ืœืกื’ื ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื™ื
10:14
is called Landshare.
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ื ืงืจืืช Landshare (ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ-ืื“ืžื”).
10:16
It's a scheme in the U.K.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื™ื•ื–ืžื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”
10:18
that matches Mr. Jones,
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ืฉืžื–ื•ื•ื’ืช ืืช ืžืจ ื’'ื•ื ืก
10:20
with some spare space in his back garden,
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืงืฆืช ืื“ืžื” ืคื ื•ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื™ื ืชื•,
10:23
with Mrs. Smith, a would-be grower.
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ืขื ื’ื‘ืจืช ืกืžื™ืช, ืฉื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื” ืœื’ื“ืœ ืžืฉื”ื•.
10:26
Together they grow their own food.
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ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื”ื ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืืช ืžื–ื•ื ื.
10:28
It's one of those ideas that's so simple, yet brilliant,
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ื–ื”ื• ืื—ื“ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜, ืื‘ืœ ืžื‘ืจื™ืง,
10:31
you wonder why it's never been done before.
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ื•ื ืฉืืจ ืจืง ืœืชื”ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื” ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืžืŸ.
10:34
Now, the third system
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ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช
10:36
is product-service systems.
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ื”ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืžื•ืฆืจ.
10:38
This is where you pay for the benefit of the product --
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ื›ืืŸ ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ืžื”ืžื•ืฆืจ --
10:40
what it does for you --
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ืชืžื•ืจืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื• --
10:42
without needing to own the product outright.
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ.
10:44
This idea is particularly powerful
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ื–ื”ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื–ืง ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
10:47
for things that have
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ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื
10:49
high-idling capacity.
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ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืœื ืžืขืฉ ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช.
10:51
And that can be anything from baby goods
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื—ืคืฆื™ื ืœืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช
10:53
to fashions to --
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ื“ืจืš ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืื•ืคื ื” ื•ืขื“ --
10:55
how many of you have a power drill,
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ืœื›ืžื” ืžื›ื ื™ืฉ ืžืงื“ื—ื” ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช?
10:57
own a power drill? Right.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื? ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
10:59
That power drill will be used around 12 to 13 minutes
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ืชืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืžืงื“ื—ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืขืจืš 12 ืขื“ 13 ื“ืงื•ืช
11:02
in its entire lifetime.
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ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ื”.
11:04
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:06
It's kind of ridiculous, right?
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ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ืžื’ื•ื—ืš, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
11:08
Because what you need is the hole, not the drill.
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ื›ื™ ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื–ื” ื”ืงื“ื—, ืœื ื”ืžืงื“ื—ื”.
11:10
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:12
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
11:14
So why don't you rent the drill,
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ืื– ืœืžื” ืฉืœื ืชืฉื›ืจื• ืืช ื”ืžืงื“ื—ื”,
11:16
or, even better, rent out your own drill to other people
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ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื“ื™ืฃ, ืฉืชืฉื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืžืงื“ื—ื” ืฉืœื›ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
11:18
and make some money from it?
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ื•ืชืจื•ื™ื—ื• ืžื–ื” ืงืฆืช ื›ืกืฃ?
11:20
These three systems are coming together,
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ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืžืชืื—ื“ื•ืช,
11:23
allowing people to share resources
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ื•ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœืฉืชืฃ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื
11:25
without sacrificing their lifestyles,
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืืช ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื,
11:27
or their cherished personal freedoms.
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ืื• ืืช ื”ื—ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื˜ื™ืคื—ื•.
11:29
I'm not asking people
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ืื™ื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืžืื ืฉื™ื
11:31
to share nicely in the sandpit.
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ืœืฉืชืฃ ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืก ื‘ืืจื’ื– ื”ื—ื•ืœ.
11:35
So I want to just give you an example
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ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื
11:37
of how powerful collaborative consumption can be
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ืœืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช
11:39
to change behaviors.
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ืฉืชื’ืจื•ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช.
11:41
The average car
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ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช
11:43
costs 8,000 dollars a year to run.
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ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื”ื•ืฆืื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ 8,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ.
11:46
Yet, that car sits idle
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืžื•ืฉื‘ืชืช
11:48
for 23 hours a day.
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23 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžืžื”.
11:50
So when you consider these two facts,
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ืื– ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื•ืงืœื™ื ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•,
11:52
it starts to make a little less sense
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ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืชืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช
11:54
that we have to own one outright.
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ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ื” ื”ื™ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืื—ืช ื›ื–ื•.
11:57
So this is where car-sharing companies
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœืชืžื•ื ื”
11:59
such as Zipcar and GoGet come in.
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ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื›ืžื• Zipcar ื•-GoGet.
12:01
In 2009,
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 2009,
12:03
Zipcar took 250 participants
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Zipcar ืืกืคื” 250 ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื
12:05
from across 13 cities --
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ืž-13 ืขืจื™ื --
12:08
and they're all self-confessed car addicts
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ื•ื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื“ื• ืฉื”ื ืžื›ื•ืจื™ื ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช
12:10
and car-sharing rookies --
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ื•ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช --
12:12
and got them to surrender their keys for a month.
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ื•ืฉื›ื ืขื” ืื•ืชื ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืžืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืœืžืฉืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉ.
12:15
Instead, these people had to walk,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ืจื’ืœ,
12:17
bike, take the train,
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ืœืจื›ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื, ืœื ืกื•ืข ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช,
12:19
or other forms of public transport.
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ืื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื—ืจืช ืฉืœ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช.
12:21
They could only use their Zipcar membership
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ืžื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื ื‘-Zipcar
12:23
when absolutely necessary.
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ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ืจื—ื™.
12:25
The results of this challenge after just one month
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ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืืชื’ืจ ื–ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืœื‘ื“
12:28
was staggering.
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ื”ื™ื• ืžื˜ืœื˜ืœื•ืช.
12:30
It's amazing that 413 lbs were lost
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ื–ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฉืœื• 413 ืœื™ื‘ืจื•ืช
12:32
just from the extra exercise.
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ืืš ื•ืจืง ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืขื•ื“ืคืช.
12:35
But my favorite statistic
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื™
12:37
is that 100
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ื”ื™ื ืฉ-100
12:39
out of the 250 participants
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ืžืชื•ืš 250 ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื
12:42
did not want their keys back.
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ืœื ืจืฆื• ืืช ืžืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”.
12:45
In other words, the car addicts
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื”ืžื›ื•ืจื™ื ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช
12:47
had lost their urge to own.
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ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืืช ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœื”ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืฉื”ื•.
12:49
Now products-service systems have been around for years.
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ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืžื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื.
12:52
Just think of libraries and laundrettes.
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ืจืง ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื›ื‘ืกื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช.
12:54
But I think they're entering a new age,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœืขื™ื“ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ,
12:56
because technology makes sharing
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ
12:58
frictionless and fun.
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ืœื—ืœืง ื•ื ืขื™ื.
13:00
There's a great quote that was written in the New York Times
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ื™ืฉ ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื”ื“ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก
13:03
that said, "Sharing is to ownership
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ื”ืื•ืžืจ, "ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื’ื•ืจื ืœื‘ืขืœื•ืช
13:05
what the iPod is to the 8-track,
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ืžื” ืฉืื™ื™ืคื•ื“ ื’ืจื ืœืกืœื™ืœื™ ื”ืงืœื˜ื”,
13:08
what solar power is to the coal mine."
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ืฉืžืฉ ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืžื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืคื—ื."
13:11
I believe also, our generation,
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ืื ื™ ื’ื ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื“ื•ืจื ื• --
13:14
our relationship to satisfying what we want
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ื”ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœื ื• ืืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืง ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• --
13:17
is far less tangible
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ื–ืงื•ืง ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืœืžื•ื—ืฉื™ื•ืช
13:19
than any other previous generation.
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ืžืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
13:21
I don't want the DVD; I want the movie it carries.
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ืื™ื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืืช ื”ื“ื™ ื•ื™ ื“ื™, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฉื.
13:24
I don't want a clunky answering machine;
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ืื™ื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื‘ื•ืŸ,
13:26
I want the message it saves.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืžืจ.
13:28
I don't want a CD; I want the music it plays.
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ืื™ื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืืช ื”ืชืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืจ, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืืช ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื’ืŸ.
13:31
In other words, I don't want stuff;
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืื™ื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ื—ืคืฆื™ื,
13:34
I want the needs or experiences it fulfills.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืื• ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืžื’ืฉื™ืžื™ื.
13:37
This is fueling a massive shift
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ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื“ื•ื—ืฃ ืœืชื ื•ืขื” ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ืช,
13:40
from where usage trumps possessions --
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ืืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื• ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช --
13:42
or as Kevin Kelly, the editor of Wired magazine, puts it,
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ืื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉืงื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืงืœื™, ื”ืขื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ื›ืชื‘-ื”ืขืช Wired, ืžื ืกื—,
13:45
"where access is better than ownership."
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"ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžื•ืขื“ืคืช ืขืœ-ืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ืขืœื•ืช."
13:48
Now as our possessions
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ื›ืขืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
13:50
dematerialize into the cloud,
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ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืชื,
13:52
a blurry line is appearing
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ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืงื• ืžื˜ื•ืฉื˜ืฉ
13:54
between what's mine, what's yours,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืฉืœื™, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืฉืœืš,
13:56
and what's ours.
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ื•ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืฉืœื ื•.
13:58
I want to give you one example
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื
14:00
that shows how fast this evolution is happening.
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ื”ืžืจืื” ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืจ ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื–ื•.
14:03
This represents an eight-year time span.
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ื–ื” ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ 8 ืฉื ื™ื.
14:06
We've gone from traditional car-ownership
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ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืžื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืขืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช
14:09
to car-sharing companies, such as Zipcar and GoGet,
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ืืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช -- ื›ื’ื•ืŸ Zipcar ื•-GoGet --
14:12
to ride-sharing platforms that match rides
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ื•ืขื“ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืืžื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช
14:15
to the newest entry, which is peer-to-peer car rental,
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ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ืขื“ื›ื ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื–ื” ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ืขืžื™ืช-ืœืขืžื™ืช,
14:18
where you can actually make money
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ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืžืžืฉ ืœื”ืจื•ื™ื— ื›ืกืฃ
14:21
out of renting that car that sits idle for 23 hours a day
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ืžื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืžื•ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš 23 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžืžื”,
14:24
to your neighbor.
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ืœืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืœืš.
14:26
Now all of these systems
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ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
14:28
require a degree of trust,
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ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืจืžื” ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืžื•ืŸ,
14:30
and the cornerstone to this working
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ื•ืื‘ืŸ-ื”ืคื™ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“
14:32
is reputation.
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ื–ื” ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™.
14:34
Now in the old consumer system,
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ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช,
14:36
our reputation didn't matter so much,
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ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ืจื‘ื”,
14:38
because our credit history was far more important
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืืฉืจืื™ ืฉืœื ื•
14:40
that any kind of peer-to-peer review.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืื™ืŸ-ืขืจื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•.
14:43
But now with the Web, we leave a trail.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืจืฉืช, ืื ื• ืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ืขืงื‘ื•ืช.
14:46
With every spammer we flag,
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ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืืชืจืื” ืฉื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื— ื“ื•ืืจ-ื–ื‘ืœ,
14:49
with every idea we post, comment we share,
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ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ืžืขืœื™ื ืœืจืฉืช, ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืื ื• ืžืคืจืกืžื™ื,
14:52
we're actually signaling how well we collaborate,
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ืื ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืื•ืชืชื™ื ื›ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื”
14:54
and whether we can or can't be trusted.
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ื•ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื ื• ืื• ืœื.
14:57
Let's go back to my first example,
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื ืชืชื™,
14:59
Swaptree.
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Swaptree.
15:01
I can see that Rondoron
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉืจื•ื ื“ื•ืจื•ืŸ
15:03
has completed 553 trades
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ื”ืฉืœื™ื 553 ืขื™ืกืงืื•ืช
15:06
with a 100 percent success rate.
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ืขื 100 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ื”.
15:09
In other words, I can trust him or her.
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื• ืื• ืขืœื™ื”.
15:13
Now mark my words,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชื–ื›ืจื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœื™,
15:15
it's only a matter of time
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ื–ื” ืจืง ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื–ืžืŸ
15:17
before we're going to be able to perform a Google-like search
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ืขื“ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื›ืžื• ื‘ื’ื•ื’ืœ
15:20
and see a cumulative picture
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ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช
15:22
of our reputation capital.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•.
15:24
And this reputation capital
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ื•ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื–ื”
15:26
will determine our access to collaborative consumption.
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ื™ืงื‘ืข ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืฆืจื™ื›ื”-ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช.
15:29
It's a new social currency, so to speak,
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ื–ื”ื• ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื‘ื˜ื ื›ืš,
15:31
that could become as powerful as our credit rating.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื›ืžื• ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืืฉืจืื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
15:35
Now as a closing thought,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœืกื™ื•ื,
15:37
I believe we're actually in a period
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื”
15:40
where we're waking up
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ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื
15:42
from this humongous hangover
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ืžืฉื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ-ื”ื—ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืื“ื™ืจ ื”ื–ื”
15:44
of emptiness and waste,
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ืฉืœ ืจื™ืงื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื–,
15:46
and we're taking a leap
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ื•ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืงืคื™ืฆื”
15:48
to create a more sustainable system
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืžื™ื“ื”
15:50
built to serve our innate needs
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ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ืœืฉืจืช ืืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
15:52
for community and individual identity.
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช.
15:55
I believe it will be referred to
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื™ืชื™ื—ืกื• ืœื–ื”
15:57
as a revolution, so to speak --
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ื›ืžื”ืคื›ื”, ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื–ืืช ื›ืš --
15:59
when society, faced with great challenges,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืขืžื“ื” ืžื•ืœ ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
16:02
made a seismic shift
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ื‘ื™ืฆืขื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืจืขื™ื“ืช ืื“ืžื”,
16:04
from individual getting and spending
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ืžืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื•ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช
16:06
towards a rediscovery of collective good.
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ืืœ ืขื‘ืจ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื›ืœืœ.
16:09
I'm on a mission to make sharing cool.
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ืื ื™ ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืœื”ืคื™ื›ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ.
16:12
I'm on a mission to make sharing hip.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืœื”ืคื™ื›ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืฉ"ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื".
16:14
Because I really believe
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืืžื™ื ื”
16:16
it can disrupt outdated modes of business,
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ืฉื–ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื ืคืฅ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืขืกืงื™ื,
16:18
help us leapfrog
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ื•ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื ื• ืœื“ืœื’
16:20
over wasteful forms of hyper-consumption
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ืžืขืœ ืœืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื–ื‘ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช-ื™ืชืจ
16:22
and teach us when enough really is enough.
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ื•ืœืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืชื™ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžืกืคื™ืง.
16:25
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
16:27
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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