Carl Safina: The oil spill's unseen culprits, victims

82,128 views ใƒป 2010-07-12

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:16
This is the ocean as I used to know it.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืก ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืื•ืชื•.
00:19
And I find that since I've been in the Gulf a couple of times,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื•ืฆื ืฉืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ
ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžืคืจืฅ (ืžืงืกื™ืงื•) ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื,
00:23
I really kind of am traumatized because whenever I look at the ocean now,
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื˜ืจืื•ืžื”
ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืื ื™ ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืก ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
00:27
no matter where I am,
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืื™ืคื” ืื ื™,
00:30
even where I know that none of the oil has gone,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข
ืฉื”ื ืคื˜ ืœื ื™ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื•,
00:34
I sort of see slicks,
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ืื ื™ ืžื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืชืžื™ ืฉืžืŸ.
00:36
and I'm finding that I'm very much haunted by it.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื’ืœื” ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”
ืจื•ื“ืฃ ืื•ืชื™.
00:41
But what I want to talk to you about today
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื
ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืžื ืกื™ื
00:44
is a lot of things that try to put all of this in context,
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ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืœื”ืงืฉืจ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•,
00:47
not just about the oil eruption, but what it means and why it has happened.
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ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืคืจื™ืฆืช ื”ื ืคื˜,
ืืœื ืžื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืื™ืจืขื”.
00:53
First, just a little bit about me.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื™.
00:55
I'm basically just a guy that likes to go fishing
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ืื ื™ ืกืชื ื‘ืจื ืฉ ืฉืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืฆืืช ืœื“ื™ื’
00:57
ever since I was a little kid, and because I did,
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ืžืื– ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ืœื“.
ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืฉื›ื–ื”,
01:00
I wound up studying sea birds
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ื ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื—ื•ืงืจ ืฉืœ ืขื•ืคื•ืช-ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ืžืฆื
01:02
to try to stay in the coastal habitats that I so loved.
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ืœื™ื“ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™.
01:06
And now I mainly write books about how the ocean is changing,
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ื•ื›ืขืช ืื ื™ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืกืคืจื™ื
ืฉืžืชืืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื.
ื•ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื”ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืก ืžืฉืชื ื” ืžื”ืจ ืžืื“.
01:11
and the ocean is certainly changing very rapidly.
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01:13
Now we saw this graphic earlier on, that we really live on a hard marble
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ืจืื™ื ื• ืงื•ื“ื ืืช ื”ืื™ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
ื•ืื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื•ืœื” ื ื•ืงืฉื”
01:19
that has just a slight bit of wetness to it.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืจืง ืžืขื˜
ืžืขื˜ ืžืื“ ืœื—ื•ืช.
01:23
It's like you dipped a marble in water.
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื’ื•ืœื” ื‘ืžื™ื.
01:25
And the same thing with the atmosphere:
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ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคืจื”.
01:27
If you took all the atmosphere and rolled it up in a ball,
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ืื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคืจื”
ื•ืžื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ,
01:30
you would get that little sphere of gas on the right.
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ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื’ื– ื”ื–ื” ืฉื‘ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ.
01:33
So we live on the most fragile little soap bubble you can imagine,
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื
ืขืœ ื‘ื•ืขืช ื”ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ,
ื‘ื•ืขืช ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ื“ืฉืช ืžืื“,
01:39
a very sacred soap bubble, but one that is very, very easy to affect.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื•ืขื” ืฉืžืื“ ืžืื“ ืงืœ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœื™ื”.
01:43
And all the burning of oil and coal and gas, all the fossil fuels,
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ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืจื™ืคืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ื•ื”ืคื—ื ื•ื”ื’ื–,
ื•ื“ืœืงื™ ื”ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื,
01:48
have changed the atmosphere greatly.
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ืฉื™ื ื• ืžืื“ ืืช ื”ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคืจื”.
01:50
Carbon dioxide level has gone up and up and up.
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ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื•-ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ืขืœื• ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“.
01:53
We're warming the climate.
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ืื ื• ืžื—ืžืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
01:56
So the blowout in the Gulf
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืชืงืœื” ื‘ืžืคืจืฅ
01:58
is just a little piece of a much larger problem
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ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืงื˜ืŸ
ืžื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื ื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื”
02:02
that we have with the energy that we use to run civilization.
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ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืžืฉืžืฉืช ืื•ืชื ื• ื›ื“ืœืง ืœืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื”.
02:06
Beyond warming,
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ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช,
02:07
we have the problem of the oceans getting more acidified --
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื”, ืฉื”ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ื ืขืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืžืฆื™ื™ื.
02:11
and already measurably so, and already affecting animals.
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ื›ื™ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื•ืจื— ืžื“ื™ื“,
ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
02:16
Now in the laboratory, if you take a clam and you put it in the pH that is not 8.1,
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ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื”,
ืื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืฆื“ืคื” ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื—ื•ืžืฆื™ื•ืช
ืœื ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ 8.1,
02:22
which is the normal pH of seawater, but 7.5,
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ืฉื–ื• ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืงื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ ื™ื--
ืืœื 7.5,
02:26
it dissolves in about three days.
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ื”ื™ื ืชืชืžื•ืกืก ืชื•ืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื.
02:29
If you take a sea urchin larva from 8.1,
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ืื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื–ื—ืœ ืฉืœ ืงื™ืคื•ื“ ื™ื
ืž-8.1,
02:33
put it in a pH of 7.7 -- not a huge change --
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ื•ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœื—ื•ืžืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ 7.7--
ืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืฆื•ื--
02:37
it becomes deformed and dies.
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ื”ื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ืžืขื•ื•ืช ื•ืžืช.
02:40
Already, commercial oyster larvae are dying at large scales in some places.
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ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื—ืœื™ ืฆื“ืคื•ืช ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื
ืžืชื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช
ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ื“ื™ื.
02:47
Coral reefs are growing slower in some places because of this problem.
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ืฉื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœืžื•ื’ื™ื ืฆื•ืžื—ื•ืช ืœืื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ
ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื–ื•.
02:51
So this really matters.
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืฉื ื”.
02:53
Now, let's take a little tour around the Gulf a little bit.
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ืฆื ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืงืฆืจ
ื‘ืžืคืจืฅ.
02:57
One of the things that really impresses me about the people in the Gulf:
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื™ ืžืจืฉื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืืฆืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืžืคืจืฅ,
ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ื•ื‘ืชืžื™ื ืื ืฉื™ ื™ื.
03:01
They are really, really aquatic people.
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03:03
And they can handle water.
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืกืง ืขื ืžื™ื.
03:05
They can handle a hurricane that comes and goes.
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ื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ืงื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื.
03:07
When the water goes down, they know what to do.
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ื›ืฉื”ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื, ื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
03:10
But when it's something other than water, and their water habitat changes,
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ืืš ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืžื™ื,
ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืฉืœื”ื ืžืฉืชื ื”,
ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืจื™ืจื•ืช.
03:15
they don't have many options.
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03:16
In fact, those entire communities really don't have many options.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืœื›ืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
ืื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืจื™ืจื•ืช.
03:20
They don't have another thing they can do.
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
03:23
They can't go and work in the local hotel business
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ื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
ื‘ืขืกืงื™ ื”ืžืœื•ื ืื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื
03:27
because there isn't one in their community.
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ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ืืœื” ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
03:31
If you go to the Gulf and you look around, you do see a lot of oil.
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ืื ื‘ืื™ื ืœืžืคืจืฅ ื•ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘,
ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื ืคื˜.
ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื ืคื˜ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื.
03:36
You see a lot of oil on the ocean.
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ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื ืคื˜ ืขืœ ืงื• ื”ื—ื•ืฃ.
03:38
You see a lot of oil on the shoreline.
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03:40
If you go to the site of the blowout, it looks pretty unbelievable.
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ืื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืืชืจ ื”ื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฆื•ืช,
ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื™ืื•ืžืŸ.
03:44
It looks like you just emptied the oil pan in your car,
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ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืจื•ืงื ืช ืืช ืขื•ืงืช ื”ืฉืžืŸ ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืชืš,
03:47
and you just dumped it in the ocean.
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ื•ื”ืฉืœื›ืช ื”ื›ืœ ืœื™ื.
03:49
And one of the really most incredible things, I think,
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ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ืื•ืžื ื•, ื‘ืขื™ื ื™,
03:52
is that there's nobody out there trying to collect it
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืื™ืฉ
ืฉืžื ืกื” ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืืช ื–ื”,
03:56
at the site where it is densest.
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ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื–ื” ื”ื›ื™ ืžืจื•ื›ื–.
03:59
Parts of the ocean there look just absolutely apocalyptic.
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ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžื”ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืก
ืฉื ืจืื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ืื—ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
04:05
You go in along the shore, you can find it everywhere.
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ืื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืฉื ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ,
ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
ื–ื• ื‘ืืžืช ื˜ื™ื ื•ืคืช.
04:10
It's really messy.
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04:11
If you go to the places where it's just arriving,
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ืื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืืœื™ื”ื ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข,
04:13
like the eastern part of the Gulf, in Alabama,
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ื›ืžื• ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืจืฅ, ื‘ืืœื‘ืžื”,
04:16
there's still people using the beach
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ื™ืฉ ืฉื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื‘ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ
04:18
while there are people cleaning up the beach.
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ืœืฆื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืฃ
04:20
And they have a very strange way of cleaning up the beach.
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ื•ืžืื“ ืžืฉื•ื ื” ืื™ืš ื”ื ืžื ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืฃ.
04:23
They're not allowed to put more than 10 pounds of sand
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ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื ืœืืกื•ืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-4.5 ืง"ื’ ื—ื•ืœ
04:25
in a 50-gallon plastic bag.
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ื‘ืฉืง ืคืœืกื˜ื™ ืฉืœ 200 ืœื™ื˜ืจ.
04:27
They have thousands and thousands of plastic bags.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงื™ ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง.
04:29
I don't know what they'll do with all that stuff.
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ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื”ื ื™ืขืฉื• ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื–ื”.
ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื’ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืฃ.
04:32
Meanwhile, there are still people trying to use the beach.
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ื”ื ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ ื”ื–ืขื™ืจ
04:35
They don't see the sign that says: "Stay out of the water."
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ืฉืื•ืžืจ: "ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืžื™ื."
04:37
Their kids are in the water;
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืžื™ื; ื”ื–ืคืช ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืืœื™ื”ื
04:39
they're getting tar all over their clothes and their sandals--
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ื•ืžื›ืกื” ืืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื”ื ื•ืกื ื“ืœื™ื”ื. ืื™ื–ื• ื˜ื™ื ื•ืคืช.
04:42
It's a mess.
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ืื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืฃ ืฉื”ื ืคื˜ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”
04:43
If you go to where the oil has been for a while, it's an even bigger mess.
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ื–ื• ื˜ื™ื ื•ืคืช ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
04:46
And there's basically nobody there anymore,
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ืฉ,
04:49
a few people trying to keep using it.
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ืžืขื˜ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืžื ืกื™ื
ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉื.
04:53
You see people who are really shell-shocked.
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ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื ืงืจื‘.
04:55
They are very hardworking people.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืงืฉื™ ื™ื•ื.
04:57
All they know about life is they get up in the morning,
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื–ื” ืฉื”ื ืงืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ,
ื•ืื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ืชื ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘, ื”ื ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
05:00
and if their engine starts, they go to work.
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05:02
They always felt that they could rely on the assurances
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ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกืžื•ืš
ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืขืชื™ื“ื
05:06
that nature brought them through the ecosystem of the Gulf.
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ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืจืฅ.
05:09
They're finding that their world is really collapsing.
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ื•ื›ืขืช ื”ื ืžื’ืœื™ื ืฉืขื•ืœืžื ื—ืจื‘ ืขืœื™ื”ื.
05:12
And so you can see, literally, signs of their shock ...
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืžืžืฉ ืœืจืื•ืช
ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืœื”ืœื ืฉืœื”ื,
05:20
signs of their outrage ...
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ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืœื–ืขื ืฉืœื”ื,
05:25
signs of their anger ...
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ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืœื›ืขืก ืฉืœื”ื,
05:32
and signs of their grief.
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ื•ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืœื™ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื.
ืืœื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช.
05:36
These are the things that you can see.
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05:40
There's a lot you can't see, also, underwater.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช.
ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื™ื.
05:44
What's going on underwater?
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ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื™ื?
05:46
Well, some people say there are oil plumes.
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ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื
ืฉืืœื” ื”ื ืขื ื ื™ ื ืคื˜.
05:50
Some people say there are not oil plumes.
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืืœื” ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืืœื” ืื™ื ื ืขื ื ื™ ื ืคื˜.
ื•ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ืžืืจืงื™ ืื•ืžืจ,
05:54
And Congressman Markey asks, you know,
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05:56
"Is it going to take a submarine ride to see if there are really oil plumes?"
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"ื”ืื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฆืืช ื‘ืฆื•ืœืœืช
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ืืœื” ื‘ืืžืช ืขื ื ื™ ื ืคื˜?"
06:01
But I couldn't take a submarine ride --
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ืืš ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืงื—ืช ืฆื•ืœืœืช--
06:03
especially between the time I knew I was coming here and today --
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื• ื ื•ื“ืข ืœื™ ืฉืื‘ื•ื ืœื”ืจืฆื•ืช ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื--
ืื– ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™
06:08
so I had to do a little experiment myself
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ืœืขืจื•ืš ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืฉืœื™
06:11
to see if there was oil in the Gulf of Mexico.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืืช ืื ื™ืฉ ื ืคื˜ ื‘ืžืคืจืฅ ืžืงืกื™ืงื•.
06:13
So this is the Gulf of Mexico ...
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ื–ื”ื• ืžืคืจืฅ ืžืงืกื™ืงื•.
06:16
sparkling place full of fish.
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ืžืงื•ื ืฉื•ืงืง ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื“ื’ื™ื.
06:19
And I created a little oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.
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ื™ืฆืจืชื™ ื“ืœื™ืคืช ื ืคื˜ ืงื˜ื ื”
ื‘ืžืคืจืฅ ืžืงืกื™ืงื•.
06:23
And I learned, in fact, I confirmed the hypothesis
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ื•ื ื•ื›ื—ืชื™ ืœื“ืขืช-- ื‘ืขืฆื, ืื™ืฉืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื”
06:25
that oil and water don't mix ...
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ืฉืฉืžืŸ ื•ืžื™ื ืœื ืžืชืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื
ืขื“ ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœ ืžืคื–ืจ.
06:29
until you add a dispersant ...
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06:33
and then ...
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ื•ืื–
06:36
they start mixing.
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ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ื‘.
06:38
And you add a little energy from the wind and the waves,
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ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืงืฆืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
ืฉืœ ืจื•ื— ื•ื’ืœื™ื.
06:42
and you get a big mess,
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ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื•ืคืช ืขื ืงื™ืช,
ื˜ื™ื ื•ืคืช ืขื ืงื™ืช
06:46
a big mess that you can't possibly clean,
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ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืงื•ืช,
06:49
you can't touch, you can't extract
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ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ื”, ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืกืœืง
06:52
and, I think most importantly -- this is what I think --
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ื•ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘-- ื›ืš ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘--
06:55
you can't see it.
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ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืชื”.
06:57
I think it's being hidden on purpose.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื”ืกืชืจื” ืฉืœื” ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช.
07:00
Now this is such a catastrophe and such a mess
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ื•ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงื˜ืคืกื˜ืจื•ืคื” ื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ืคืช ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื›ื–ื”,
07:03
that lots of stuff is leaking out on the edges of the information stream.
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ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ื“ืข ื’ื•ืœืฉ ื•ื“ื•ืœืฃ ืžืชื•ืš ืขืจื•ืฆื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข.
07:06
But as many people have said,
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ืืš ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ืจื‘ื™ื,
07:08
there's a large attempt to suppress what's going on.
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ื™ืฉ ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื ืจื—ื‘ ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื”.
07:11
Personally, I think that the dispersants are a major strategy to hide the body,
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ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช,
ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ื”ืžืคื–ืจื™ื
ื”ื ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื‘ื”ืกืชืจืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื”,
07:18
because we put the murderer in charge of the crime scene.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื• ืžื•ืกืจื™ื ืœืจื•ืฆื—
ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ืคืฉืข.
07:22
But you can see it.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
07:24
You can see where the oil is concentrated at the surface,
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื ืคื˜
ืžืจื•ื›ื– ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—,
07:28
and then it is attacked,
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ื•ืื– ืชื•ืงืคื™ื ืื•ืชื•,
07:31
because they don't want the evidence, in my opinion.
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ื›ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืชื™ืจืื”, ื›ืš ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘.
07:34
OK.
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ืื•ืงื™ื™.
07:36
We heard that bacteria eat oil?
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ืฉืžืขืชื ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืžืขื›ืœื™ื ื ืคื˜?
07:38
So do sea turtles.
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ื›ืš ื’ื ืฆื‘ื™-ื™ื.
07:40
When it breaks up,
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืคืจืง,
07:42
it has a long way to go before it gets down to bacteria.
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ื™ืฉ ืœืคื ื™ื• ืขื•ื“ ื“ืจืš ืืจื•ื›ื”
ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื.
07:46
Turtles eat it. It gets in the gills of fish.
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ื”ืฆื‘ื™ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื•. ื”ื•ื ื ื›ื ืก ืœื–ื™ืžื™ ื”ื“ื’ื™ื.
07:49
These guys have to swim around through it.
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจ'ื” ื”ืืœื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื—ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•.
07:51
I heard the most incredible story today when I was on the train coming here.
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ืฉืžืขืชื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžื“ื”ื™ื
ื›ืฉื ืกืขืชื™ ื”ื ื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช.
07:56
A writer named Ted Williams called me,
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ืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ืฉื ื˜ื“ ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืืžืก ื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืืœื™.
07:59
and he was asking me a couple of questions about what I saw,
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ื•ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉืืœื•ืช
ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืžื” ืฉืจืื™ืชื™,
08:02
because he's writing an article for Audubon magazine.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืžืืžืจ ืœืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื•ื“ื•ื‘ื•ืŸ.
08:05
He said that he had been in the Gulf a little while ago; like about a week ago,
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ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืคืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืงืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื–ืžืŸ-ืžื” ื‘ืžืคืจืฅ--
ื‘ืขืจืš ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืข--
08:09
and a guy who had been a recreational fishing guide
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ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืื—ื“, ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื“ื™ื’ ืœื ื•ืคืฉื™ื,
08:13
took him out to show him what's going on.
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ื™ืฆื ืื™ืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื• ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื—.
08:16
That guide's entire calendar year is canceled bookings.
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ื›ืœ ืœื•ื— ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืžื“ืจื™ืš
ื”ื™ื” ืžืœื ื‘ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ื˜ืœื•ืช.
08:21
He has no bookings left.
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ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื‘ื•ื˜ืœื•.
08:23
Everybody wanted their deposit back, everybody is fleeing.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื“ืจืฉื• ืืช ื›ืกืคื ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”. ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื•ืจื—ื™ื.
08:26
That's the story of thousands of people.
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ื•ื–ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจื ืฉืœ ืืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื.
08:28
But he told Ted that on the last day he went out,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืคืจ ืœื˜ื“
ืฉื‘ื”ืคืœื’ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœื•,
08:33
a bottlenose dolphin suddenly appeared next to the boat,
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ื“ื•ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™
ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืคืชืื•ื ืœื™ื“ ืกื™ืจืชื•.
08:38
and it was splattering oil out its blowhole.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืจืง ื ืคื˜
ืžืคืชื—ื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœื•.
08:43
And he moved away because it was his last fishing trip,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžืžื ื•
ื›ื™ ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื”
ื”ืคืœื’ืช ื”ื“ื™ื’ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœื•,
08:49
and he knew that the dolphins scare fish.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ื“ื•ืœืคื™ื ื™ื ืžื‘ืจื™ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ื.
08:51
So he moved away from it, turned around a few minutes later,
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ืื– ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžืžื ื•.
ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืžื” ืจื’ืขื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘,
08:55
it was right next to the side of the boat again.
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ื•ื”ื“ื•ืœืคื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื™ื“ ืกื™ืจืชื•.
08:57
He said that in 30 years of fishing he had never seen a dolphin do that.
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉื‘-30 ืฉื ื•ืช ื“ื™ื’
ื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืจืื” ื“ื•ืœืคื™ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ ื›ืš.
09:00
And he felt that --
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ--
09:02
(Sigh)
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09:04
he felt that it was coming to ask for help.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื
ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืืœื™ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืขื–ืจื”. ืกืœื™ื—ื”.
09:08
Sorry.
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09:10
Now, in the Exxon Valdez spill,
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ื‘ื“ืœื™ืคื” ืฉืœ "ืืงืกื•ืŸ ื•ืœื“ื–",
09:15
about 30 percent of the killer whales died in the first few months.
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ื›-30 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ืœื ื™ื
ืžืชื• ืžื™ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื.
09:19
Their numbers have never recovered.
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ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืฉืชืงืžื”.
09:21
So the recovery rate of all this stuff is going to be variable.
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ื›ืš ืฉืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขืกืง ื”ื–ื”
ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืžืงืจื” ืœืžืงืจื”.
09:26
It's going to take longer for some things.
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ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื–ื” ื™ืืจืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ.
09:29
And some things, I think, will probably come back a little faster.
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ื, ืœื“ืขืชื™, ืื•ืœื™
ื™ืฉืชืงืžื• ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:33
The other thing about the Gulf that is important
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ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืžืคืจืฅ
09:36
is that there are a lot of animals that concentrate in the Gulf
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื
ืžืชืจื›ื–ื™ื ื‘ืžืคืจืฅ
09:39
at certain parts of the year.
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ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื”.
09:43
So the Gulf is a really important piece of water --
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืคืจืฅ ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืฃ ืžื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ--
09:45
more important than a similar volume of water in the open Atlantic Ocean.
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ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ืชื• ื ืคื— ืฉืœ ืžื™ื
ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™ ื”ืคืชื•ื—.
09:51
These tuna swim the entire ocean.
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ื“ื’ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื ื” ื”ืืœื” ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืก.
09:53
They get in the Gulf Stream, they go all the way to Europe.
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ื”ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœื–ืจื ื”ืžืคืจืฅ (ื”ื’ื•ืœืฃ) ื•ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืขื“ ืื™ืจื•ืคื”.
ื›ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขื•ื ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื”, ื”ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื.
09:56
When it comes time to spawn, they come inside,
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ืฉื ื™ ื“ื’ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื ื” ื”ืืœื”, ืฉืชื•ื™ื™ื’ื•,
09:58
and these two tuna that were tagged,
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09:59
you can see them on the spawning grounds
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ื”ืฉืจืฆื”
10:02
very much right in the area of the slick.
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ื“ื™ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ืชื ื”ื ืคื˜.
10:04
They're probably having, at the very least,
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ื•ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžืื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื, ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช,
10:07
a catastrophic spawning season this year.
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ืขื•ื ืช ืจื‘ื™ื” ืงื˜ืกื˜ืจื•ืคืœื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื”.
10:10
I'm hoping that maybe the adults are avoiding that dirty water.
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ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื
ื™ืชืจื—ืงื• ืžื”ืžื™ื ื”ืžื–ื•ื”ืžื™ื.
10:13
They don't usually like to go into water that is very cloudy anyway.
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ื”ื ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฆืœื•ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื
ืžืขื•ื ื ื™ื ืžืžื™ืœื.
10:18
But these are really high-performance athletic animals.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืœื” ื—ื™ื•ืช ืขืชื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื
ื•ืืชืœื˜ื™ื•ืช.
10:22
I don't know what this kind of stuff will do in their gills.
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ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื–ื” ื™ืขื•ืœืœ ืœื–ื™ืžื™ื”ื.
10:25
I don't know if it'll affect the adults.
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ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ื–ื” ื™ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื.
10:27
If it's not, it's certainly affecting their eggs and larvae,
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ื•ืื ืœื, ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืคื™ืข
ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื•ื”ื–ื—ืœื™ื, ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ืกืคืง.
10:30
I would certainly think.
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10:31
But if you look at that graph that goes down and down and down,
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ืืš ืื ืชื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ื’ืจืฃ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉื™ื•ืจื“ ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“,
10:34
that's what we've done to this species through overfishing over many decades.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ืœืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
ื‘ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื’.
10:39
So while the oil spill, the leak, the eruption, is a catastrophe,
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ื›ืš ืฉืืฃ ืื ื ื–ื™ืœืช ื”ื ืคื˜
ื”ื“ืœื™ืคื”, ื”ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช,
ื”ื™ื ืงื˜ืกื˜ืจื•ืคื”,
10:44
I think it's important to keep in mind
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ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ
10:47
that we've done a lot to affect what's in the ocean, for a very long time.
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ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื
ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืžืื“.
10:51
It's not like we're starting with something that's been OK.
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ืื™ืŸ ื–ืืช ื›ืื™ืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ
ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
10:55
We're starting with something that's had a lot of stresses
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ืžื” ืฉืงืจื”, ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืชื•ืŸ ืœืœื—ืฆื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื
10:57
and a lot of problems to begin with.
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ื•ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”.
10:59
If you look around at the birds, there are a lot of birds in the Gulf
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ืื ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื,
ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืคืจืฅ
11:03
that concentrate in the Gulf at certain times of the year,
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ืฉืžืชืจื›ื–ื•ืช ื‘ื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื”,
11:06
but then leave.
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ื•ืื—ืจ ืขื•ื–ื‘ื•ืช.
11:07
And they populate much larger areas.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืื›ืœืกื•ืช ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”.
ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
11:12
For instance, most of the birds in this picture are migratory birds.
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื–ื• ื”ืŸ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื ื•ื“.
11:16
They were all on the Gulf in May,
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ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืžืคืจืฅ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืื™,
11:18
while oil was starting to come ashore in certain places.
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืคื˜ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื.
11:21
Down on the lower left there are ruddy turnstones and sanderlings.
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ื›ืืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ืžืฉืžืืœ
ืืœื” ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ "ืจื•ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื ืกื˜ื•ืŸ" ื•"ืกื ื“ืจืœื™ื ื’".
11:26
They breed in the High Arctic,
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ื”ื ืžืชืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื”ืืจืงื˜ื™,
11:28
and they winter down in southern South America.
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ื•ื—ื•ืจืคื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช.
11:30
But they concentrate in the Gulf and then fan out all across the Arctic.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืžืชืจื›ื–ื™ื ื‘ืžืคืจืฅ
ื•ืื– ืขืคื™ื ื•ืžืชืคื–ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ื’ ื”ืืจืงื˜ื™.
11:35
I saw birds that breed in Greenland, in the Gulf.
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ืจืื™ืชื™ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืจื™ื ืœื ื“,
ื‘ืžืคืจืฅ.
11:40
So this is a hemispheric issue.
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื—ืฆื™ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ.
11:43
The economic effects go at least nationally in many ways.
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ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช
ื”ืŸ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื.
11:48
The biological effects are certainly hemispheric.
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ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœืœื ืกืคืง ืœื›ืœ ื—ืฆื™ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ.
ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื–ื• ืื—ืช ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช
11:54
I think that this is one of the most absolutely mind-boggling examples
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ื”ื›ื™ ืžื–ืขื–ืขื•ืช
ืฉืœ ืื™-ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช
11:59
of total unpreparedness that I can even think of.
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ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ืขืชื™.
12:02
Even when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉื”ื™ืคื ื™ื ื”ืคืฆื™ืฆื• ืืช ืคืจืœ ื”ืจื‘ื•ืจ,
ืฉื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื• ืืฉ.
12:06
at least they shot back.
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12:07
And we just seem to be unable to figure out what to do.
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ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื•
ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
12:11
There was nothing ready,
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ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืŸ.
12:15
and, you know, as we can see by what they're doing.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ื›ื—
ืžืชื•ืš ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื”ื.
12:18
Mainly what they're doing is booms and dispersants.
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ื”ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื•ื‘ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ืžืคื–ืจื™ื.
12:21
The booms are absolutely not made for open water.
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ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืžื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื.
ื”ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืืกื•ืฃ
12:25
They don't even attempt to corral the oil where it is most concentrated.
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ืืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื•.
12:30
They get near shore -- Look at these two boats.
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ื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ื•ืฃ. ืจืื• ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ืกื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
12:32
That one on the right is called Fishing Fool.
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ื–ื• ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ืงืจื•ื™ื” "ืฉื•ื˜ื” ื“ื™ื’".
12:35
And I think, you know, that's a great name
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ื•ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื ืžืขื•ืœื”
12:37
for boats that think that they're going to do anything
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ืœืกื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืžื ืกื•ืช
12:40
to make a dent in this, by dragging a boom between them
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ืœื ืงื•ืช ืคื™ื ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืข"ื™ ื’ืจื™ืจืช ื–ืจื•ืข ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ,
12:43
when there are literally hundreds of thousands of square miles
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ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืžืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™
ืง"ืž ืžืจื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ืžืคืจืฅ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ
12:46
in the Gulf right now with oil at the surface.
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ืขื ื ืคื˜ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—.
12:49
The dispersants make the oil go right under the booms.
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ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื ืคื˜ ืœืฉืงื•ืข ืžืชื—ืช ืœื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืื™ืกื•ืฃ.
12:52
The booms are only about 13 inches in diameter.
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ื”ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืจืง ื‘ืงื•ื˜ืจ
33 ืก"ืž.
12:57
So it's just absolutely crazy.
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜.
13:00
Here are shrimp boats employed.
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ื›ืืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืจื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื’ ื—ืกื™ืœื•ื ื™ื.
13:01
There are hundreds of shrimp boats employed to drag booms instead of nets.
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ืžืื•ืช ืกื™ืจื•ืช ื—ืกื™ืœื•ื ื™ื ืฉื’ื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืจืฉืชื•ืช.
13:05
Here they are working.
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ื”ื ื” ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
13:07
You can see easily
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืงืœื•ืช
13:09
that all the oily water just goes over the back of the boom.
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ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืฉืžื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืจื•ืข.
13:12
All they're doing is stirring it.
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ื”ื ืจืง ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื.
13:14
It's just ridiculous.
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื’ื•ื—ืš.
ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื›ืœ ืงื• ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ืื™ืกื•ืฃ--
13:18
Also, for all the shoreline that has booms --
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13:20
hundreds and hundreds of miles of shoreline --
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ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื•ืžืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืง"ืž ืฉืœ ืงื• ื—ื•ืฃ--
13:22
all of the shoreline that has booms,
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ื›ืœ ืงื• ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ืื™ืกื•ืฃ,
13:24
there's adjacent shoreline that doesn't have any booms.
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ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืคื™ื ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื›ืœืœ ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ืื™ืกื•ืฃ.
13:27
There is ample opportunity for oil and dirty water to get in behind them.
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ื™ืฉ ืฉืคืข ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช
ืœื ืคื˜ ื•ืœืžื™ื ื”ืžื–ื•ื”ืžื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื”ื.
13:32
And that lower photo, that's a bird colony that has been boomed.
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ื•ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืœืžื˜ื”, ื–ื• ืžื•ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื
ืฉื ืœื›ื“ื” ื‘ื–ืจื•ืข ืื™ืกื•ืฃ. ื›ื•ืœื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ื’ืŸ
13:36
Everybody's trying to protect the bird colonies there.
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ืขืœ ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื.
13:40
Well, as an ornithologist, I can tell you that birds fly, and that --
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ืื– ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืฆืคืจ,
ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืœื›ื ืฉืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœืขื•ืฃ, ื•---
13:45
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
13:50
and that booming a bird colony doesn't do it; it doesn't do it.
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ื•ืฉืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื
ืœื ืชื•ืจืžืช ื›ืœื•ื.
13:56
These birds make a living by diving into the water.
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ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžื•ืฆืื•ืช ืืช ืžื—ื™ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืฆืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื™ื.
14:00
In fact ...
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ืœืžืขืฉื”,
14:03
really what I think they should do, if anything --
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ืžื” ืฉืœื“ืขืชื™ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ืื ื‘ื›ืœืœ--
14:06
they're trying so hard to protect those nests --
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ื”ื ืžืฉืชื“ืœื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”--
14:09
actually, if they destroyed every single nest,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื™ืœื• ื”ืจืกื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืงื™ื ื™ื
14:12
some of the birds would leave,
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ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ื–ื‘ื•ืช,
14:14
and that would be better for them this year.
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ื•ื”ืฉื ื”, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชืŸ.
14:17
As far as cleaning them ...
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื ืงื•ืชืŸ.
14:20
I don't mean to cast any aspersion on people cleaning birds.
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ืื™ื ื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืฅ
ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื ืงื™ื ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื,
14:25
It's really, really important that we express our compassion.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžืื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘
ืฉื ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื—ืžืœืชื ื•.
14:29
I think that's the most important thing that people have, is compassion.
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ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืื“ื
ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืžืœื”.
14:33
It's really important to get those images and to show it.
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ืžืื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆืœื ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืื•ืชืŸ.
14:37
But really, where are those birds going to get released to?
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืฆื ืœืืŸ ื™ืฉื—ืจืจื• ืืช ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”?
14:40
It's like taking somebody out of a burning building,
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืœื—ืœืฅ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ืขืจ,
ืœืชืช ืœื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืฉืืฃ ืขืฉืŸ
14:43
treating them for smoke inhalation
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14:44
and sending them back into the building, because the oil is still gushing.
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ื•ืื– ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื”ื ืคื˜ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืฉืคืš.
14:48
I refuse to acknowledge this as anything like an accident.
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ืื ื™ ืžืกืจื‘ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš
ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืชืื•ื ื”.
14:52
I think that this is the result of gross negligence.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ืืช ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉืœื ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื”.
14:56
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
15:01
Not just BP.
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ืœื ืจืง ืžืฆื“ "ื‘ื™-ืคื™".
15:03
BP operated very sloppily and very recklessly because they could.
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ื‘ื™-ืคื™ ืคืขืœื•
ื›ืœืื—ืจ-ื™ื“ ื•ื‘ืคื–ื™ื–ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื”
ื›ื™ ื”ื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืš.
15:10
And they were allowed to do so
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ื•ื›ื™ ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื”ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืš.
15:12
because of the absolute failure of oversight of the government
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื”ืขื“ืจ ื”ื’ืžื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืงื•ื—
ืžืฆื“ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื›ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžืžื ื”,
15:16
that is supposed to be our government, protecting us.
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ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื•.
15:23
It turns out that --
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ--
15:25
you see this sign on every commercial vessel in the United States --
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ืืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ ื”ื–ื” ืจื•ืื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ื˜ ืžืกื—ืจื™ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘--
15:28
you know, if you spilled a couple of gallons of oil,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื ืชืฉืคื›ื• ื›ืžื” ืœื™ื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืคื˜,
15:30
you would be in big trouble.
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ืชื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฆืจื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช.
15:32
And you have to really wonder who are the laws made for,
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ื•ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื
ืœืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื,
15:37
and who has gotten above the laws.
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ื•ืžื™ ื ืžืฆื ืžืขืœ ืœื—ื•ืง.
15:40
And there are things that we can do in the future.
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืฉืื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื.
15:43
We could have the kinds of equipment that we would really need.
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ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื›ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ
15:46
It would not take an awful lot to anticipate
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืช
15:49
that after making 30,000 holes
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ืฉืื—ืจื™ ืฉืงื•ื“ื—ื™ื 30,000 ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช
15:51
in the sea floor of the Gulf of Mexico looking for oil,
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ื‘ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืคืจืฅ ืžืงืกื™ืงื• ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื ืคื˜,
15:54
oil might start coming out of one of them.
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ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืฆืืช ื ืคื˜ ืžืื—ื“ ืžื”ื.
15:56
And you'd have some idea of what to do.
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ื•ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืื™ื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื–.
ื–ื” ืœืœื ืกืคืง ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
16:00
That's certainly one of the things we need to do.
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16:02
But I think we have to understand where this leak really started from.
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ืืš ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืœื™ืคื” ื”ื–ื•
ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืืžืช.
16:07
It really started from the destruction of the idea that the government is there
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžื”ืชืคื•ืจืจื•ืช
ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžืคืงื—ืช,
16:12
because it's our government,
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ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื’ืŸ
16:14
meant to protect the larger public interest.
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ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™.
16:21
So I think that the oil blowout, the bank bailout,
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ืื– ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื”ื ืคื˜,
ื”ืฆืœืช ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื,
16:25
the mortgage crisis and all these things are absolutely symptoms of the same cause.
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ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”
ื”ื ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื
ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ื’ื•ืจื.
16:33
We still seem to understand that at least,
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ื ืจืื” ืฉืฉื•ืจืจืช ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ื ื”
ืฉืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืฉืชื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื•
16:36
we need the police to protect us from a few bad people.
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ืžืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืจืขื™ื.
16:40
And even though the police can be a little annoying at times --
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฆื‘ืŸ ืœืคืขืžื™ื--
16:43
giving us tickets and stuff like that --
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ืขื ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”--
16:45
nobody says that we should just get rid of them.
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ืื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื ื• ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžืžื ื”.
16:48
But in the entire rest of government right now
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ืืš ืœืขืช ืขืชื”, ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืชืจ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœ
16:51
and for the last at least 30 years,
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ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš 30 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช,
16:53
there has been a culture of deregulation
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ืคืฉืชื” ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกืจืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™
16:56
that is caused directly by the people who we need to be protected from,
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ืฉื ื’ืจืžื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช
ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ื”ื,
17:02
buying the government out from under us.
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ืฉืงื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืžืชื—ืช ืจื’ืœื™ื ื•.
17:05
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
17:15
Now this has been a problem for a very, very long time.
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ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื” ื™ืฉื ื” ื ื•ืฉื ื”.
17:18
You can see that corporations were illegal at the founding of America,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช
ืฉื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื™ื™ืกื•ื“ ืืžืจื™ืงื”.
17:23
and even Thomas Jefferson complained
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืชื•ืžืก ื’'ืคืจืกื•ืŸ ื”ืชืœื•ื ืŸ
17:26
that they were already bidding defiance to the laws of our country.
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ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ
ืžืคื’ื™ื ื™ื ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฆื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
17:33
OK, people who say they're conservative,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืขืฆืžื
ื›ืฉืžืจื ื™ื,
17:36
if they really wanted to be really conservative and patriotic,
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ืื™ืœื• ืจืฆื• ื‘ืืžืช
ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืจื ื™ื™ื ื•ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื,
17:41
they would tell these corporations to go to hell.
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ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
ืœืœื›ืช ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ.
17:45
That's what it would really mean to be conservative.
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ื–ื• ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืจื ื™.
17:49
So what we really need to do is regain the idea
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช
ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
17:53
that it's our government safeguarding our interests,
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ืฉืžืžืฉืœืชื ื• ื”ื™ื ื–ื•
ืฉื“ื•ืื’ืช ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
17:57
and regain a sense of unity and common cause in our country
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ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ื•ืช
ื•ืžื˜ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ืฉืœื ื•,
18:01
that really has been lost.
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืžืฉ ืื‘ื“ื•.
18:04
I think there are signs of hope.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืงื•ื•ื”.
18:06
We seem to be waking up a little bit.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื ืจืื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืงืฆืช ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ.
18:08
The Glass-Steagall Act -- which was really to protect us
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ื—ื•ืง ื’ืœืืก-ืกื˜ื™ื’ืœ--
ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืกื•ื’
18:11
from the kind of thing that caused the recession to happen,
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ืฉื’ืจืžื• ืœืฉืคืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ,
18:14
and the bank meltdown and all that stuff that required the bailouts --
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ื•ืœื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื
ื•ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื“ืจืฉื• ื—ื™ืœื•ืฅ ืžืžืฉืœืชื™--
18:18
that was put in effect in 1933, was systematically destroyed.
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ื”ื—ื•ืง ืฉื ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืงืฃ ื‘-1933,
ื”ืœืš ื•ื ืฉื—ืง ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ื•ืช.
18:23
Now there's a mood to put some of that stuff back in place,
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ื•ื›ืขืช ื”ืœืš ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ
ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืงื“ืžื•ืชื.
18:26
but the lobbyists are already there trying to weaken the regulations
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืจื•ื›ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื
ื•ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืจื•ืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ
18:31
after the legislation has just passed.
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืชืงื‘ืœ.
18:34
So it's a continued fight.
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ื›ืš ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ืžืชืžื™ื“.
18:36
It's a historic moment right now.
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ื›ืขืช ื–ื”ื• ืจื’ืข ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™.
18:38
We're either going to have an absolutely unmitigated catastrophe
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ืฉื‘ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื•
ืงื˜ืกื˜ืจื•ืคื” ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื•ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช
18:42
of this oil leak in the Gulf,
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ืฉืœ ื“ืœื™ืคืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืžืคืจืฅ,
18:44
or we will make the moment we need out of this,
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ืื• ืฉื ื ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช,
18:46
as many people have noted today.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืจืื• ื”ื™ื•ื.
18:48
There's certainly a common theme
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื ื™ืžื” ืžื•ื›ืจืช
18:50
about needing to make the moment out of this.
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืžื ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืœื—ื™ื•ื‘
18:52
We've been through this before with other ways of offshore drilling.
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ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื›ืืœื”
ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ื— ื™ืžื™.
18:56
The first offshore wells were called whales.
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ื”ื‘ืืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื ืงืจืื• "ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื".
18:59
The first offshore drills were called harpoons.
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ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ื—ื™ื ื”ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื ืงืจืื• "ืฆืœืฆืœื™ื".
19:02
We emptied the ocean of the whales at that time.
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ืจื•ืงื ื• ืื– ืืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื
19:05
Now are we stuck with this?
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืื ื ื™ืชืงืข ืขื ื–ื”?
19:07
Ever since we lived in caves, every time we wanted any energy,
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ืžืื– ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืขืจื•ืช,
ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืจืฆื™ื ื• ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
19:11
we lit something on fire, and that is still what we're doing.
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ื”ื‘ืขืจื ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืืฉ, ื•ืื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ืš.
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
19:15
We're still lighting something on fire every time we want energy.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
19:19
And people say we can't have clean energy
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื
ืฉืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื ืงื™ื”
19:23
because it's too expensive.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื™ืงืจื” ืžื“ื™.
19:26
Who says it's too expensive?
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ืžื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ืงืจื” ืžื“ื™?
19:28
People who sell us fossil fuels.
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ืืœื” ืฉืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืืช ื“ืœืงื™ ื”ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื.
19:30
We've been here before with energy,
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ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืžืื‘ืงื™ื ืขืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
19:33
and people saying the economy cannot withstand a switch,
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ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืฉื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”
ืœื ืชืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™,
19:37
because the cheapest energy was slavery.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื–ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช.
19:40
Energy is always a moral issue.
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ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช.
19:43
It's an issue that is moral right now.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช ืžืžืฉ ื›ืขืช.
19:45
It's a matter of right and wrong.
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ื–ื• ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื• ืจืข.
ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
19:48
Thank you very much.
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19:49
(Applause)
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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