The secret to living longer may be your social life | Susan Pinker

Prevoditelj: Jasna Matek Recezent: Sanda L

Here's an intriguing fact.

Evo zanimljive činjenice.

In the developed world,

U razvijenom svijetu,

everywhere, women live an average of six to eight years longer than men do.

svugdje, žene u prosjeku žive šest do osam godina dulje od muškaraca.

Six to eight years longer.

Šest do osam godina dulje.

That's, like, a huge gap.

To je ogroman razmak.

In 2015, the "Lancet" published an article

2015., u "Lancet"-u je objavljen članak

showing that men in rich countries

koji dokazuje da postoji duplo veća vjerojatnost

are twice as likely to die as women are

da muškarci iz bogatih zemalja umru prije žena

at any age.

bilo koje dobi.

But there is one place in the world

No, postoji jedno mjesto na svijetu

where men live as long as women.

gdje muškarci žive jednako dugo kao žene.

It's a remote, mountainous zone,

To je udaljena, planinska zona,

a blue zone,

plava zona,

where super longevity

gdje je dugovječnost

is common to both sexes.

zajednička i jednom i drugom spolu.

This is the blue zone in Sardinia,

To je plava zona na Sardiniji,

an Italian island in the Mediterranean,

talijanskom otoku u Mediteranu,

between Corsica and Tunisia,

između Korzike i Tunisa

where there are six times as many centenarians

gdje je šest puta više stogodišnjaka

as on the Italian mainland,

nego na talijanskoj obali

less than 200 miles away.

koja se nalazi 300 km dalje.

There are 10 times as many centenarians

Ima 10 puta više stogodišnjaka

as there are in North America.

nego u sjevernoj Americi.

It's the only place where men live as long as women.

To je jedino mjesto gdje muškarci žive dugo kao žene.

But why?

Ali zašto?

My curiosity was piqued.

To me zainteresiralo.

I decided to research the science and the habits of the place,

Odlučila sam istražiti znanost i navike tog mjesta,

and I started with the genetic profile.

pa sam počela s genetskim profilom.

I discovered soon enough

Dosta rano sam otkrila

that genes account for just 25 percent of their longevity.

da su geni zaslužni za samo 25 posto dugovječnosti.

The other 75 percent is lifestyle.

Ostalih 75 posto je način života.

So what does it take to live to 100 or beyond?

Što je potrebno da se doživi stota ili više?

What are they doing right?

Što oni to rade?

What you're looking at is an aerial view of Villagrande.

Upravo gledate zračni prikaz sela Villagrande.

It's a village at the epicenter of the blue zone

To je selo u središtu plave zone,

where I went to investigate this,

gdje sam ovo istraživala

and as you can see, architectural beauty is not its main virtue,

i, kao što vidite, arhitektonska ljepota nije njihov najveći adut,

density is:

već gustoća:

tightly spaced houses,

gusto smještene kuće,

interwoven alleys and streets.

isprepleteni prolazi i ulice.

It means that the villagers' lives constantly intersect.

To znači da se životi seljana stalno presijecaju.

And as I walked through the village,

Hodajući selom

I could feel hundreds of pairs of eyes watching me

mogla sam na sebi osjetiti stotine pari očiju

from behind doorways and curtains,

iza vrata i zastora,

from behind shutters.

iza grilja.

Because like all ancient villages,

Jer, kao i sva stara sela,

Villagrande couldn't have survived

Villagrande ne bi moglo preživjeti

without this structure, without its walls, without its cathedral,

bez svoje strukture, bez zidova, katedrale,

without its village square,

bez svojeg seoskog trga,

because defense and social cohesion defined its design.

jer su obrana i društvena povezanost definirali njegov izgled.

Urban priorities changed as we moved towards the industrial revolution

Urbani prioriteti su se mijenjali na putu prema industrijskoj revoluciji

because infectious disease became the risk of the day.

jer je zarazna bolest postala dnevni rizik.

But what about now?

Ali što danas?

Now, social isolation is the public health risk of our time.

Danas je društvena izoliranost rizik javnog zdravstva.

Now, a third of the population says

Trećina populacije kaže

they have two or fewer people to lean on.

da imaju dvoje ili manje ljudi na koje se mogu osloniti.

But let's go to Villagrande now as a contrast

No, u Villegrandeu, suprotno tome,

to meet some centenarians.

postoje stogodišnjaci.

Meet Giuseppe Murinu. He's 102, a supercentenarian

Ovo je Giuseppe Murinu. Ima 102 godine

and a lifelong resident of the village of Villagrande.

i cijeli život živi u sellu Villagrande.

He was a gregarious man.

Bio je društven čovjek.

He loved to recount stories

Volio je pričati priče

such as how he lived like a bird

o tome kako je poput ptice živio

from what he could find on the forest floor

od onoga što bi našao na šumskom tlu

during not one but two world wars,

tijekom ne jednog, nego dva svjetska rata,

how he and his wife, who also lived past 100,

kako su on i supruga, koja je također doživjela stotu,

raised six children in a small, homey kitchen

podigli šestero djece u maloj, ugodnoj kuhinji

where I interviewed him.

gdje sam ga intervjuirala.

Here he is with his sons Angelo and Domenico,

Ovdje je sa svojim sinovima, Angelom i Domenicom,

both in their 70s and looking after their father,

oboje su u svojim 70-ima i paze na svoga oca

and who were quite frankly very suspicious of me and my daughter

i, iskreno, bili su vrlo sumnjičavi prema meni i mojoj kćeri

who came along with me on this research trip,

koja me pratila na ovom istraživačkom putovanju,

because the flip side of social cohesion

jer je loša strana društvene povezanosti

is a wariness of strangers and outsiders.

oprez prema strancima.

But Giuseppe, he wasn't suspicious at all.

No, Giuseppe nije uopće bio sumnjičav.

He was a happy-go-lucky guy,

Bio je opušteni veseljak,

very outgoing with a positive outlook.

vrlo otvoren i pozitivnog stava.

And I wondered: so is that what it takes to live to be 100 or beyond,

Pa sam se pitala: je li to tajna života do stote i više,

thinking positively?

razmišljati pozitivno?

Actually, no.

Zapravo, ne.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Meet Giovanni Corrias. He's 101,

Ovo je Giovanni Corrias. Ima 101 godinu,

the grumpiest person I have ever met.

najčangrizavija osoba koju sam ikad upoznala.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And he put a lie to the notion

On je pokazao da nije istina

that you have to be positive to live a long life.

da trebate biti pozitivni da biste dugo živjeli.

And there is evidence for this.

Evo dokaza.

When I asked him why he lived so long,

Kad sam ga upitala kako to da je tako dugo poživio,

he kind of looked at me under hooded eyelids and he growled,

pogledao me ispod spuštenih kapaka i zarežao,

"Nobody has to know my secrets."

"Nitko ne mora znati moje tajne."

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

But despite being a sourpuss,

No, unatoč tome što je čangrizalo,

the niece who lived with him and looked after him

nećakinja koja je živjela s njim i pazila na njega

called him "Il Tesoro," "my treasure."

zvala ga je "Il Tesoro", "moje blago."

And she respected him and loved him,

Poštivala ga je i voljela

and she told me, when I questioned this obvious loss of her freedom,

i rekla mi je, kad sam propitkivala taj očiti gubitak njene slobode,

"You just don't understand, do you?

"Vi jednostavno ne razumijete, zar ne?

Looking after this man is a pleasure.

Paziti na ovog čovjeka je zadovoljstvo.

It's a huge privilege for me.

To je za mene ogroman privilegij.

This is my heritage."

Ovo je moja baština."

And indeed, wherever I went to interview these centenarians,

I, uistinu, kamo god sam išla intervjuirati ove stogodišnjake,

I found a kitchen party.

naišla bih na zabavu.

Here's Giovanni with his two nieces,

Ovo je Giovanni s dvije nećakinje,

Maria above him

Maria iznad njega

and beside him his great-niece Sara,

i do njega je pranećakinja Sara,

who came when I was there to bring fresh fruits and vegetables.

koja je došla donijeti svježe voće i povrće.

And I quickly discovered by being there

Brzo sam otkrila

that in the blue zone, as people age,

da, u plavoj zoni, kako ljudi stare,

and indeed across their lifespans,

a i za cijelog života,

they're always surrounded by extended family, by friends,

uvijek su okruženi obitelji, prijateljima,

by neighbors, the priest, the barkeeper, the grocer.

susjedima, svećenikom, krčmarom, trgovcem.

People are always there or dropping by.

Ljudi su uvijek ondje ili navraćaju.

They are never left to live solitary lives.

Nikad nisu prepušteni samotnom životu.

This is unlike the rest of the developed world,

Za razliku od razvijenog svijeta gdje,

where as George Burns quipped,

kako se našalio George Burns,

"Happiness is having a large, loving, caring family in another city."

"Sreća je imati veliku, brižnu obitelj koja te voli u drugom gradu."

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Now, so far we've only met men,

Dosad smo upoznali samo muškarce,

long-living men, but I met women too,

dugovječne muškarce, ali upoznala sam i žene

and here you see Zia Teresa.

i ovdje vidite Ziu Teresu.

She, at over 100, taught me how to make the local specialty,

Ona me, sa svojih više od 100 godina naučila kako spraviti mjesni specijalitet

which is called culurgiones,

koji se zove culurgiones,

which are these large pasta pockets

vrsta tjestenine

like ravioli about this size,

slična raviolima,

otprilike ove veličine,

this size,

and they're filled with high-fat ricotta and mint

punjena ricotta sirom visokog udjela masnoće i mentom

and drenched in tomato sauce.

te natopljena u umaku od rajčice.

And she showed me how to make just the right crimp

Pokazala mi je kako napraviti pravi nabor

so they wouldn't open,

kako se ne bi otvorili

and she makes them with her daughters every Sunday

i pravi ih sa kćerima svake nedjelje

and distributes them by the dozens to neighbors and friends.

pa ih dijeli susjedima i prijateljima.

And that's when I discovered a low-fat, gluten-free diet

Tada sam otkrila da prehrana niskog udjela masnoće i bez glutena

is not what it takes to live to 100 in the blue zone.

nije tajna dugovječnosti u plavoj zoni.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Now, these centenarians' stories along with the science that underpins them

Priče ovih stogodišnjaka i znanost koja ih podupire

prompted me to ask myself some questions too,

potaknula me da i samu sebe nešto upitam,

such as, when am I going to die and how can I put that day off?

kao na primjer, kada ću umrijeti i kako da to odgodim?

And as you will see, the answer is not what we expect.

Kao što ćete vidjeti, odgovor je neočekivan.

Julianne Holt-Lunstad is a researcher at Brigham Young University

Julianne Holt-Lunstadt je istraživačica na Sveučilištu Brigham Young

and she addressed this very question

i dotakla se istog ovog pitanja

in a series of studies

u nizu studija

of tens of thousands of middle aged people

desetaka tisuća srednjovječnih ljudi

much like this audience here.

sličnih ovoj publici ovdje.

And she looked at every aspect of their lifestyle:

Proučavala je svaki aspekt njihovog načina života:

their diet, their exercise,

njihovu prehranu, vježbanje,

their marital status,

bračni status,

how often they went to the doctor,

učestalost posjeta liječniku,

whether they smoked or drank, etc.

jesu li pušili ili pili itd.

She recorded all of this

Sve je ovo zabilježila,

and then she and her colleagues sat tight and waited for seven years

a zatim sedam godina mirno sjedila i čekala sa svojim kolegama

to see who would still be breathing.

kako bi vidjela tko još uvijek diše.

And of the people left standing,

Što je ljudima koji su poživjeli

what reduced their chances of dying the most?

najviše smanjilo izglede da će umrijeti?

That was her question.

To je bilo njeno pitanje.

So let's now look at her data in summary,

Pogledajmo podatke u sažetku,

going from the least powerful predictor to the strongest.

od najslabijeg pokazatelja do najjačeg.

OK?

U redu?

So clean air, which is great,

Dakle, čist zrak, zanimljivo,

it doesn't predict how long you will live.

nije pokazatelj dugovječnosti.

Whether you have your hypertension treated

Liječenje hipertenzije

is good.

je dobro.

Still not a strong predictor.

Ipak, nije dovoljno jak pokazatelj.

Whether you're lean or overweight, you can stop feeling guilty about this,

Bilo da ste mršavi ili pretili, možete prestati s osjećajem krivnje,

because it's only in third place.

jer je ovo tek na trećem mjestu.

How much exercise you get is next,

Sljedeće je koliko vježbate,

still only a moderate predictor.

samo blagi pokazatelj.

Whether you've had a cardiac event and you're in rehab and exercising,

Ako ste imali srčanih problema pa se oporavljate i vježbate,

getting higher now.

ovo je malo jači pokazatelj.

Whether you've had a flu vaccine.

Cijepljenje protiv gripe.

Did anybody here know

Znate li

that having a flu vaccine protects you more than doing exercise?

da vas cijepljenje protiv gripe štiti više nego vježbanje?

Whether you were drinking and quit,

Ako ste pili i prestali

or whether you're a moderate drinker,

ili ako umjereno pijete,

whether you don't smoke, or if you did, whether you quit,

ako ne pušite, ili ako jeste pa ste prestali

and getting towards the top predictors

i približavamo se najjačim pokazateljima,

are two features of your social life.

a to su dva obilježja vašeg društvenog života.

First, your close relationships.

Prvo, vaše bliske veze.

These are the people that you can call on for a loan

Ovo su ljudi koje možete zvati

if you need money suddenly,

ako iznenadno trebate posuditi novac,

who will call the doctor if you're not feeling well

koji će zvati liječnika ako vam nije dobro

or who will take you to the hospital,

ili koji će vas odvesti u bolnicu,

or who will sit with you if you're having an existential crisis,

ili koji će sjediti s vama ako prolazite kroz egzistencijalnu krizu,

if you're in despair.

ako ste očajni.

Those people, that little clutch of people

Ovi ljudi, ta šačica ljudi

are a strong predictor, if you have them, of how long you'll live.

je jak pokazatelj, ako ih imate, koliko ćete dugo živjeti.

And then something that surprised me,

Zatim me nešto iznenadilo,

something that's called social integration.

nešto što se naziva društvenom integracijom.

This means how much you interact with people

To znači koliko komunicirate s ljudima

as you move through your day.

tijekom dana.

How many people do you talk to?

S koliko ljudi pričate?

And these mean both your weak and your strong bonds,

Ovo podrazumijeva vaše slabije i jače veze,

so not just the people you're really close to,

ne samo ljude s kojima ste jako bliski,

who mean a lot to you,

koji vam mnogo znače

but, like, do you talk to the guy who every day makes you your coffee?

nego, pričate li i sa čovjekom koji vam svaki dan napravi kavu?

Do you talk to the postman?

Pričate li s poštarom?

Do you talk to the woman who walks by your house every day with her dog?

Pričate li sa ženom koja svaki dan prošeta psa kraj vaše kuće?

Do you play bridge or poker, have a book club?

Igrate li bridž ili poker, imate li knjiški klub?

Those interactions are one of the strongest predictors

Takvi međusobni odnosi su među najjačim pokazateljima

of how long you'll live.

vaše dugovječnosti.

Now, this leads me to the next question:

Ovo me dovodi do sljedećeg pitanja:

if we now spend more time online than on any other activity,

ako sada provodimo više vremena "online" nego čineći išta drugo,

including sleeping,

uključujući spavanje,

we're now up to 11 hours a day,

a trenutno je to 11 sati dnevno,

one hour more than last year, by the way,

sat više nego prošle godine, usput budi rečeno,

does it make a difference?

čini li to ikakvu razliku?

Why distinguish between interacting in person

Zašto razlikovati međusobne odnose uživo

and interacting via social media?

i interakciju putem društvenih medija?

Is it the same thing as being there

To je isto kao da ste ondje

if you're in contact constantly with your kids through text, for example?

ako ste uvijek u kontaktu sa svojom djecom putem poruka, na primjer?

Well, the short answer to the question is no,

Pa, ukratko, odgovor je ne.

it's not the same thing.

Nije isto.

Face-to-face contact releases a whole cascade of neurotransmitters,

Kontakt licem u lice otpušta cijeli niz neurotransmitera

and like a vaccine, they protect you now in the present

i, poput cjepiva, štite vas danas

and well into the future.

i daleko u budućnost.

So simply making eye contact with somebody,

Stoga, jednostavni kontakt očima s nekime,

shaking hands, giving somebody a high-five

rukovanje ili kad date nekome pet,

is enough to release oxytocin,

dovoljno je da se otpusti oksitocin,

which increases your level of trust

koji povisuje razinu vašeg povjerenja

and it lowers your cortisol levels.

i snižava razinu kortizola.

So it lowers your stress.

Znači, snižava stres.

And dopamine is generated, which gives us a little high

Stvara se dopamin koji nas malo oraspoloži

and it kills pain.

i ubije bol.

It's like a naturally produced morphine.

To je poput prirodno proizvedenog morfija.

Now, all of this passes under our conscious radar,

Sve ovo promakne našoj svijesti

which is why we conflate online activity with the real thing.

i zato brkamo "online" aktivnost s pravom stvari.

But we do have evidence now, fresh evidence,

No, imamo li svježih dokaza

that there is a difference.

da postoji razlika?

So let's look at some of the neuroscience.

Pogledajmo neke dokaze iz neuroznanosti.

Elizabeth Redcay, a neuroscientist at the University of Maryland,

Elizabeth Redcay, neuroznanstvenica sa Sveučilišta u Marylandu,

tried to map the difference

pokušala je utvrditi razliku

between what goes on in our brains when we interact in person

između toga što se događa u našem mozgu kada pričamo uživo,

versus when we're watching something that's static.

naspram gledanja nečega statičnog.

And what she did was she compared the brain function

Usporedila je funkcije mozga

of two groups of people,

dviju grupa ljudi,

those interacting live with her

onih koji su komunicirali uživo s njom

or with one of her research associates

ili s nekim od njenih suradnika

in a dynamic conversation,

u dinamičnom razgovoru,

and she compared that to the brain activity of people

i to je usporedila s moždanim aktivnostima ljudi

who were watching her talk about the same subject

koji su je gledali kako priča na istu temu,

but in a canned video, like on YouTube.

ali u već pripremljenom videu, kakvi su na YouTubeu.

And by the way, if you want to know

Usput, ako želite znati

how she fit two people in an MRI scanner at the same time,

kako je uspjela stisnuti dvije osobe u MRI skener istovremeno,

talk to me later.

javite mi se kasnije.

So what's the difference?

Onda, koja je razlika?

This is your brain on real social interaction.

Ovo je vaš mozak tijekom prave društvene interakcije.

What you're seeing is the difference in brain activity

Gledate razliku u moždanim aktivnostima

between interacting in person and taking in static content.

kod interakcije uživo i primanja statičnog sadržaja.

In orange, you see the brain areas that are associated with attention,

U narančastom vidite područja mozga koja su povezana s pažnjom,

social intelligence --

društvena inteligencija,

that means anticipating what somebody else is thinking

to znači predvidjeti što netko drugi misli,

and feeling and planning --

osjeća i planira --

and emotional reward.

te emocionalna nagrada.

And these areas become much more engaged

Ova područja više se aktiviraju

when we're interacting with a live partner.

kada komuniciramo s osobom uživo.

Now, these richer brain signatures

Ti bogatiji potpisi mozga

might be why recruiters from Fortune 500 companies

možda su razlog što su kod zapošljavanja u kompanijama s popisa Fortune 500,

evaluating candidates

kada su procjenjivale kandidate,

thought that the candidates were smarter

mislili da su kandidati pametniji

when they heard their voices

kada su čuli njihove glasove,

compared to when they just read their pitches in a text, for example,

u odnosu na to kada samo čitaju njihove prijave

or an email or a letter.

u emailu ili pismu.

Now, our voices and body language convey a rich signal.

Naši glasovi i govor tijela stvaraju bogat signal.

It shows that we're thinking, feeling,

To pokazuje da smo misaona, osjetljiva,

sentient human beings

perceptivna ljudska bića,

who are much more than an algorithm.

koja su puno više od algoritma.

Now, this research by Nicholas Epley

Istraživanje koje je proveo Nicholas Epley

at the University of Chicago Business School

u Poslovnoj školi Sveučilišta u Chicagu,

is quite amazing because it tells us a simple thing.

poprilično je nevjerojatno jer nam poručuje jednostavno.

If somebody hears your voice,

Ako netko čuje vaš glas,

they think you're smarter.

mislit će da ste pametniji.

I mean, that's quite a simple thing.

Stvarno, to je baš jednostavno.

Now, to return to the beginning,

Vratimo se sada na početak,

why do women live longer than men?

zašto žene žive dulje od muškaraca?

And one major reason is that women are more likely

Jedan od glavnih razloga je što su žene sklonije

to prioritize and groom their face-to-face relationships

dati prednost i njegovati svoje bliske veze

over their lifespans.

tijekom svog života.

Fresh evidence shows

Najnoviji dokazi ukazuju na to,

that these in-person friendships

da ova osobna prijateljstva

create a biological force field against disease and decline.

stvaraju polje biološke sile protiv bolesti i propadanja.

And it's not just true of humans

To ne važi samo za ljude,

but their primate relations, our primate relations as well.

nego i za veze primata.

Anthropologist Joan Silk's work shows that female baboons

Rad antropologinje Joan Silk pokazuje da ženke pavijana

who have a core of female friends

koje imaju jezgru prijateljica,

show lower levels of stress via their cortisol levels,

imaju i niže razine stresa zbog nižih razina kortizola,

they live longer and they have more surviving offspring.

žive dulje i imaju više potomaka koji prežive.

At least three stable relationships.

Barem tri stabilne veze.

That was the magic number.

To je bio magični broj.

Think about it.

Razmislite o tome.

I hope you guys have three.

Nadam se da imate tri.

The power of such face-to-face contact

Moć živog kontakta

is really why there are the lowest rates of dementia

razlog je zašto su stope senilnosti najniže

among people who are socially engaged.

među onima koji su društveno aktivni.

It's why women who have breast cancer

Zato žene koje imaju rak dojke

are four times more likely to survive their disease than loners are.

imaju četiri puta više izgleda da će preživjeti nego samotnjakinje.

Why men who've had a stroke who meet regularly to play poker

Zašto muškarci koji su imali moždani udar, koji se redovno nalaze da igraju poker,

or to have coffee

ili da piju kavu,

or to play old-timer's hockey --

ili da igraju hokej za starije --

I'm Canadian, after all --

ipak sam ja Kanađanka --

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

are better protected by that social contact

bolje su zaštićeni tim društvenim kontaktom

than they are by medication.

nego lijekovima.

Why men who've had a stroke who meet regularly --

Zašto muškarci koji su imali moždani udar, a koji se redovno nalaze,

this is something very powerful they can do.

ovo je nešto jako moćno što oni mogu učiniti.

This face-to-face contact provides stunning benefits,

Ovaj kontakt licem u lice omogućava zapanjujuće koristi,

yet now almost a quarter of the population says they have no one to talk to.

ipak, sad već gotovo četvrtina populacije kaže da nemaju s kim popričati.

We can do something about this.

Možemo učiniti nešto po tom pitanju.

Like Sardinian villagers,

Poput seljana sa Sardinije,

it's a biological imperative to know we belong,

biološki je imperativ znati da pripadamo,

and not just the women among us.

i ne samo žene.

Building in-person interaction into our cities, into our workplaces,

Uvođenje žive komunikacije u naše gradove, radna mjesta,

into our agendas

naše rasporede,

bolsters the immune system,

jača imunološki sustav,

sends feel-good hormones surging through the bloodstream and brain

šalje hormone ugode našim krvotokom i mozgom

and helps us live longer.

te nam pomaže da dulje živimo.

I call this building your village,

To neka bude vaše selo,

and building it and sustaining it is a matter of life and death.

a njegova izgradnja i održavanje je pitanje života i smrti.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Helen Walters: Susan, come back. I have a question for you.

Helen Walters: Susan, vratite se. Imam pitanje za vas.

I'm wondering if there's a middle path.

Pitam se postoji li lakši put.

So you talk about the neurotransmitters connecting when in face-to-face,

Govorite o neurotransmiterima koji se spajaju kad komuniciramo uživo,

but what about digital technology?

no, što s digitalnom tehnologijom?

We've seen enormous improvements in digital technology

Svjedočili smo ogromnim digitalnim napretcima

like FaceTime, things like that.

kao što je FaceTime i slično.

Does that work too?

Važi li i to?

I mean, I see my nephew.

Mislim, gledam svog nećaka.

He plays Minecraft and he's yelling at his friends.

Igra Minecraft i viče na svoje prijatelje.

It seems like he's connecting pretty well.

Čini se da se dobro povezuje.

Is that useful? Is that helpful?

Je li to korisno? Pomaže li to?

Susan Pinker: Some of the data are just emerging.

Susan Pinker: Neki podaci tek se pojavljuju.

Podaci su tako novi da se digitalna revolucija dogodila,

The data are so fresh that the digital revolution happened

and the health data trailed behind.

a podaci o zdravlju su zaostali.

So we're just learning,

Tako da još učimo,

but I would say there are some improvements

ali rekla bih da bismo mogli poboljšati

that we could make in the technology.

neke stvari u tehnologiji.

Primjerice, kamera na vašem laptopu je pri vrhu ekrana

For example, the camera on your laptop is at the top of the screen,

so for example, when you're looking into the screen,

pa kada gledate u ekran,

you're not actually making eye contact.

zapravo ne uspostavljate kontakt očima.

So something as simple as even just looking into the camera

Nešto tako jednostavno kao što je gledanje u kameru,

can increase those neurotransmitters,

može povećati te neurotransmitere,

or maybe changing the position of the camera.

ili možda promijeniti poziciju kamere.

So it's not identical, but I think we are getting closer with the technology.

Tako da, nije isto, ali mislim da se približavamo tehnologiji.

HW: Great. Thank you so much.

HW: Odlično. Hvala vam puno.

SP: Hvala.

SP: Thank you.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)