The secret to living longer may be your social life | Susan Pinker

502,476 views ใƒป 2017-09-04

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jooyun Roh ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jungmin Hwang
00:12
Here's an intriguing fact.
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
In the developed world,
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์–ด๋Š ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์—์„œ๋“ 
00:16
everywhere, women live an average of six to eight years longer than men do.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ‰๊ท  6๋…„์—์„œ 8๋…„์„ ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
Six to eight years longer.
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6๋…„์—์„œ 8๋…„์„ ๋” ์‚ฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
That's, like, a huge gap.
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์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
In 2015, the "Lancet" published an article
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2015๋…„ ๋žœ์‹ฏ์ด ํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:31
showing that men in rich countries
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๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜
00:34
are twice as likely to die as women are
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์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ 2๋ฐฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
at any age.
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๋‚˜์ด์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด์š”.
00:38
But there is one place in the world
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋งŒํผ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ฌ๋Š”
00:41
where men live as long as women.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ํ•œ๊ณณ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
It's a remote, mountainous zone,
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์™ธ์ง€๊ณ  ์‚ฐ์ด ๋งŽ์œผ๋ฉฐ
00:46
a blue zone,
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ํœด์ „ ๊ฐ์‹œ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์ธ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ
00:47
where super longevity
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€
00:49
is common to both sexes.
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์žฅ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:51
This is the blue zone in Sardinia,
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์‚ฌ๋ฅด๋””๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ ์ด ํœด์ „ ๊ฐ์‹œ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์€
00:53
an Italian island in the Mediterranean,
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์ง€์ค‘ํ•ด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ํ•œ ์„ฌ์œผ๋กœ
00:55
between Corsica and Tunisia,
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์ฝ”๋ฅด์‹œ์นด์™€ ํŠ€๋‹ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
where there are six times as many centenarians
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100์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€
01:01
as on the Italian mainland,
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322 km๋„ ์ฑ„ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€
01:03
less than 200 miles away.
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์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋ณธํ† ์˜ 6๋ฐฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
There are 10 times as many centenarians
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๋ถ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด์˜
01:07
as there are in North America.
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10๋ฐฐ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
It's the only place where men live as long as women.
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๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋งŒํผ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
01:12
But why?
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊นŒ์š”?
01:14
My curiosity was piqued.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
I decided to research the science and the habits of the place,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ณณ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์Šต๊ด€์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ 
01:19
and I started with the genetic profile.
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์œ ์ „์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
I discovered soon enough
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๋จธ์ง€์•Š์•„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:24
that genes account for just 25 percent of their longevity.
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์žฅ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์— ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š” 25%๋งŒ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
The other 75 percent is lifestyle.
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ 75%๋Š” ์ „๋ถ€ ์ƒํ™œ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:32
So what does it take to live to 100 or beyond?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด 100์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์›์ธ์ด ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
01:35
What are they doing right?
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:37
What you're looking at is an aerial view of Villagrande.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋นŒ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ž€๋ฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š˜์—์„œ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋‹ค ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
It's a village at the epicenter of the blue zone
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ„ ์ด ๋งˆ์„์€
01:43
where I went to investigate this,
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ํœด์ „ ๊ฐ์‹œ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์˜ ์ง„์›์ง€์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
and as you can see, architectural beauty is not its main virtue,
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๋˜ ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
density is:
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๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋œ ํŠน์ง•์ด์ฃ .
01:52
tightly spaced houses,
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์ง‘๋“ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋นฝ๋นฝํžˆ ๋“ค์–ด์„œ์žˆ๊ณ 
01:54
interwoven alleys and streets.
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๊ณจ๋ชฉ๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋’ค์—‰์ผœ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:56
It means that the villagers' lives constantly intersect.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งˆ์„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ณ„์† ์„œ๋กœ ๋งˆ์ฃผ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
And as I walked through the village,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋งˆ์„์„ ๊ฑธ์–ด๋‹ค๋‹ ๋•Œ
02:02
I could feel hundreds of pairs of eyes watching me
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์ด ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:06
from behind doorways and curtains,
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๋ฌธ์ด๋‚˜ ์ปคํŠผ
02:08
from behind shutters.
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๋ง๋ฌธ ๋’ค์—์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
Because like all ancient villages,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๋งˆ์„๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
02:12
Villagrande couldn't have survived
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๋ฐฉ์–ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฒฐ์†์ด ๋งˆ์„์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:15
without this structure, without its walls, without its cathedral,
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๋นŒ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ž€๋ฐ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋‚˜
02:18
without its village square,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฒฝ์ด๋‚˜ ๋Œ€์„ฑ๋‹น
02:20
because defense and social cohesion defined its design.
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๋˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์„ ๊ด‘์žฅ ์—†์ด๋Š” ์‚ด์•„ ๋‚จ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
Urban priorities changed as we moved towards the industrial revolution
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๋„์‹œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—… ํ˜๋ช…์„ ๋งž์ดํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:29
because infectious disease became the risk of the day.
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์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์ด ํผ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—์š”.
02:32
But what about now?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์–ด๋–ค๊ฐ€์š”?
02:34
Now, social isolation is the public health risk of our time.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต ๋ณด๊ฑด์„ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
Now, a third of the population says
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์ด์   ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ 3๋ถ„์˜ 1์ด
02:42
they have two or fewer people to lean on.
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์ž์‹ ์ด ์˜์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด 2๋ช… ์ดํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
But let's go to Villagrande now as a contrast
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋นŒ๋ผ๊ทธ๋ž€๋ฐ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ
02:48
to meet some centenarians.
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100์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:50
Meet Giuseppe Murinu. He's 102, a supercentenarian
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102์„ธ์˜ ์ฃผ์„ธํŽ˜ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ˆ„์”จ๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์žฅ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:54
and a lifelong resident of the village of Villagrande.
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ํ‰์ƒ์„ ๋นŒ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ž€๋ฐ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
He was a gregarious man.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:59
He loved to recount stories
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
such as how he lived like a bird
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€์ „ ๋™์•ˆ
03:03
from what he could find on the forest floor
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์ƒˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ˆฒ ์†์—์„œ ๋จน์„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ์•„
03:05
during not one but two world wars,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•˜๋Š”์ง€
03:09
how he and his wife, who also lived past 100,
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค 100์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์€ ์ž์‹  ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ฐ€
03:12
raised six children in a small, homey kitchen
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ž‘๊ณ  ์•„๋Š‘ํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ฐฉ์—์„œ
03:15
where I interviewed him.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ 6๋ช…์˜ ์ž๋…€๋“ค์„ ๊ธธ๋ €๋Š”์ง€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์ฃ .
03:17
Here he is with his sons Angelo and Domenico,
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์•„๋“ค ์•ˆ์ ค๋กœ์™€ ๋„๋ฉ”๋‹ˆ์ฝ”๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ธ๋ฐ
03:20
both in their 70s and looking after their father,
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค 70๋Œ€์ด๋ฉฐ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์–‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
and who were quite frankly very suspicious of me and my daughter
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋…ธ๊ณจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ €์™€ ์ œ ๋”ธ์„ ์˜์‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:27
who came along with me on this research trip,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋”ธ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
03:30
because the flip side of social cohesion
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฒฐ์†์˜ ์ด๋ฉด์—์€
03:33
is a wariness of strangers and outsiders.
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๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฐฉ์ธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
But Giuseppe, he wasn't suspicious at all.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฃผ์„ธํŽ˜๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์˜์‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
He was a happy-go-lucky guy,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚™์ฒœ์ ์ด๊ณ 
03:42
very outgoing with a positive outlook.
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์•„์ฃผ ์™ธํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
And I wondered: so is that what it takes to live to be 100 or beyond,
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์ €๋Š” 100์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ์žฅ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„๊ฒฐ์ด ๊ธ์ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ๊ฐ€?
03:50
thinking positively?
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๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
Actually, no.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
03:55
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:00
Meet Giovanni Corrias. He's 101,
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101์„ธ์˜ ์กฐ๋ฐ˜๋‹ˆ ์ฝ”๋ฆฌ์•„์Šค๋„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:03
the grumpiest person I have ever met.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊ป ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:07
And he put a lie to the notion
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์žฅ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
04:09
that you have to be positive to live a long life.
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
And there is evidence for this.
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๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์ธ์ง€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•Œ์•˜๋ƒ๋ฉด
04:14
When I asked him why he lived so long,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žฅ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋น„๊ฒฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
04:17
he kind of looked at me under hooded eyelids and he growled,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋ฐ˜์ฏค ๊ฐ์€ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ์œผ๋ฅด๋  ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ฏ ๋งํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:20
"Nobody has to know my secrets."
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"๋‚ด ๋น„๋ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ ๊ฑฐ ์—†์–ด"
04:23
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:25
But despite being a sourpuss,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ์ˆ ๋งž์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž„์—๋„
04:27
the niece who lived with him and looked after him
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๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์–‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ์นด๋Š”
04:29
called him "Il Tesoro," "my treasure."
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๊ทธ๋ฅผ "๋‚˜์˜ ๋ณด๋ฌผ" ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
And she respected him and loved him,
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๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
04:36
and she told me, when I questioned this obvious loss of her freedom,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ž์œ ๋กญ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:41
"You just don't understand, do you?
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"์ €๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ด ๋ชปํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
04:43
Looking after this man is a pleasure.
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์‚ผ์ดŒ์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์จ์ด์—์š”.
04:45
It's a huge privilege for me.
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์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ์˜๊ด‘์ด์ฃ .
04:47
This is my heritage."
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ œ ์œ ์‚ฐ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”."
04:49
And indeed, wherever I went to interview these centenarians,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žฅ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณณ๋งˆ๋‹ค
04:53
I found a kitchen party.
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ํ‚ค์นœ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:55
Here's Giovanni with his two nieces,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์กฐ๋ฐ˜๋‹ˆ์™€ ๋‘ ์กฐ์นด๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
Maria above him
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์กฐ๋ฐ˜๋‹ˆ ์œ„์— ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•„
04:58
and beside him his great-niece Sara,
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์˜†์—๋Š” ์กฐ์นด๋”ธ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
who came when I was there to bring fresh fruits and vegetables.
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์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ณผ์ผ๊ณผ ์ฑ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
And I quickly discovered by being there
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ธˆ๋ฐฉ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋๋Š”๋ฐ
05:07
that in the blue zone, as people age,
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ํœด์ „ ๊ฐ์‹œ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ
05:09
and indeed across their lifespans,
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ƒ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ์„œ
05:12
they're always surrounded by extended family, by friends,
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๋Œ€๊ฐ€์กฑ, ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค, ์ด์›ƒ๋“ค, ์‹ ๋ถ€, ์ˆ ์ง‘ ์ฃผ์ธ, ์‹ํ’ˆ์  ์ฃผ์ธ ํ•  ๊ฑฐ ์—†์ด
05:16
by neighbors, the priest, the barkeeper, the grocer.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์—ฌ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
People are always there or dropping by.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž ๊น ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
They are never left to live solitary lives.
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์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํ˜ผ์ž ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
This is unlike the rest of the developed world,
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์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
where as George Burns quipped,
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์กฐ์ง€ ๋ฒˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์Šค๊ฐฏ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:29
"Happiness is having a large, loving, caring family in another city."
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"ํ–‰๋ณต์€ ์„œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ๋ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹จ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„์‹œ์—!"
05:34
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:35
Now, so far we've only met men,
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์žฅ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค๋งŒ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์œผ๋‹ˆ
05:39
long-living men, but I met women too,
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:41
and here you see Zia Teresa.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ง€์•„ ํ…Œ๋ ˆ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
She, at over 100, taught me how to make the local specialty,
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100์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ ์Œ์‹์„ ์š”๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:47
which is called culurgiones,
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์ปฌ๋Ÿฌ์ง€์˜ค๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ผ๋Š” ์š”๋ฆฌ๋กœ
05:49
which are these large pasta pockets
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์ด๋งŒํ•œ ํŒŒ์Šคํƒ€ ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ธด
05:52
like ravioli about this size,
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์ด ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ผ๋น„์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
this size,
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์ด๋งŒํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์š”.
05:56
and they're filled with high-fat ricotta and mint
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์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ ์•ˆ์— ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฆฌ์ฝ”ํƒ€ ์น˜์ฆˆ์™€ ๋ฏผํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๊ณ 
05:59
and drenched in tomato sauce.
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ํ† ๋งˆํ†  ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ถ“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
And she showed me how to make just the right crimp
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋ฆ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ
06:04
so they wouldn't open,
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์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์—ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
and she makes them with her daughters every Sunday
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ํ…Œ๋ ˆ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ผ์š”์ผ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋”ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ปฌ๋Ÿฌ์ง€์˜ค๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
06:09
and distributes them by the dozens to neighbors and friends.
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์ด์›ƒ๊ณผ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ค์Šค์”ฉ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
And that's when I discovered a low-fat, gluten-free diet
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์ด ๋•Œ ์ €๋Š” ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์ฃ . ์ €์ง€๋ฐฉ ์‹๋‹จ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธ€๋ฃจํ… ํ”„๋ฆฌ ์Œ์‹์ด
06:16
is not what it takes to live to 100 in the blue zone.
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์ด ๊ณณ์˜ ์žฅ์ˆ˜ ๋น„๊ฒฐ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
06:19
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
06:22
Now, these centenarians' stories along with the science that underpins them
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์žฅ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์™€ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์€
06:27
prompted me to ask myself some questions too,
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์ € ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
such as, when am I going to die and how can I put that day off?
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ ์ฃฝ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ๋‚ ์„ ๋Šฆ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ? ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด์š”.
06:34
And as you will see, the answer is not what we expect.
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๊ณง ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ์ •๋‹ต์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
Julianne Holt-Lunstad is a researcher at Brigham Young University
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๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ€ ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์˜ ์ค„๋ฆฌ์•ˆ ํ™€ํŠธ-๋ฃฌ์Šคํƒ€๋“œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์ด
06:42
and she addressed this very question
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ณ„์‹  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€
06:44
in a series of studies
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ค‘๋…„๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
06:46
of tens of thousands of middle aged people
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์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ
06:48
much like this audience here.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
And she looked at every aspect of their lifestyle:
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ™œ๋ฐฉ์‹์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฉด์„ ์‚ดํˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
their diet, their exercise,
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์‹์Šต๊ด€, ์šด๋™,
06:56
their marital status,
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ํ˜ผ์ธ ์—ฌ๋ถ€,
06:57
how often they went to the doctor,
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ณ‘์›์— ๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€,
06:59
whether they smoked or drank, etc.
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ํก์—ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์Œ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋“ฑ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
She recorded all of this
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๊ณ 
07:04
and then she and her colleagues sat tight and waited for seven years
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๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ 7๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
to see who would still be breathing.
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์† ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
07:11
And of the people left standing,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์•„์ง ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ
07:14
what reduced their chances of dying the most?
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ฃฝ์Œ์—์„œ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
07:18
That was her question.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:19
So let's now look at her data in summary,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
07:23
going from the least powerful predictor to the strongest.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
07:28
OK?
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๋ณด์ด๋‚˜์š”?
07:29
So clean air, which is great,
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์šฐ์„  ๋ง‘์€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”.
07:31
it doesn't predict how long you will live.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ด ์ง€ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
07:34
Whether you have your hypertension treated
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๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ์  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋‚˜์™”๋„ค์š”.
07:37
is good.
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
Still not a strong predictor.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
07:40
Whether you're lean or overweight, you can stop feeling guilty about this,
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๋‚ ์”ฌํ•œ์ง€ ๋น„๋งŒ์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ฃ„์ฑ…๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋‚„ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
07:44
because it's only in third place.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ณ ์ž‘ 3๋“ฑ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
07:46
How much exercise you get is next,
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋„ค์š”.
07:49
still only a moderate predictor.
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์ˆœ์œ„๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ด์ฃ .
07:51
Whether you've had a cardiac event and you're in rehab and exercising,
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์‹ฌ์žฅ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋˜ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์žฌํ™œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€.
07:56
getting higher now.
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์ˆœ์œ„๋Š” ์ ์  ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
07:57
Whether you've had a flu vaccine.
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๋…๊ฐ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ๋งž์€ ์  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€.
07:59
Did anybody here know
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ํ˜น์‹œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘์—
08:00
that having a flu vaccine protects you more than doing exercise?
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๋…๊ฐ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด ์šด๋™๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ข‹์€์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
08:06
Whether you were drinking and quit,
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์Œ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋Š์—ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€,
08:09
or whether you're a moderate drinker,
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ํ˜น์€ ์ ๋‹นํ•œ ์Œ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋Š”๊ฐ€,
08:11
whether you don't smoke, or if you did, whether you quit,
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ํก์—ฐ์€ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๊ฐ€, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€.
08:15
and getting towards the top predictors
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์ ์  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
08:19
are two features of your social life.
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์‚ฌํšŒ ์ƒํ™œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
First, your close relationships.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ์นœํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค.
08:24
These are the people that you can call on for a loan
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—
08:29
if you need money suddenly,
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๋ˆ์„ ๋นŒ๋ ค๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๋‚˜
08:31
who will call the doctor if you're not feeling well
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
08:34
or who will take you to the hospital,
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๋ณ‘์›์— ๋ฐ๋ ค๋‹ค ์ค„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค
08:36
or who will sit with you if you're having an existential crisis,
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ํ˜น์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์กด์žฌ์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋‚„๋•Œ๋‚˜ ์ ˆ๋ง์— ๋น ์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ
08:41
if you're in despair.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ์–ด์ค„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
Those people, that little clutch of people
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
08:45
are a strong predictor, if you have them, of how long you'll live.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ด ์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
And then something that surprised me,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋ฅผ ๊นœ์ง ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋˜
08:51
something that's called social integration.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
This means how much you interact with people
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋™์•ˆ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ
08:58
as you move through your day.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
How many people do you talk to?
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
09:02
And these mean both your weak and your strong bonds,
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๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ์นœํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ์นœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ์š”.
09:06
so not just the people you're really close to,
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์ •๋ง ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜
09:08
who mean a lot to you,
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์†Œ์ค‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
09:10
but, like, do you talk to the guy who every day makes you your coffee?
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๋งค์ผ ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ํƒ€์ฃผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
09:14
Do you talk to the postman?
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์šฐ์ฒด๋ถ€ ํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š”์š”?
09:16
Do you talk to the woman who walks by your house every day with her dog?
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๋งค์ผ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹  ์ง‘ ์˜†์„ ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž๋Š”์š”?
09:20
Do you play bridge or poker, have a book club?
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ํ˜น์‹œ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฟ์ง€๋‚˜ ํฌ์ปค๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋…์„œ ํด๋Ÿฝ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
09:23
Those interactions are one of the strongest predictors
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ต๋ฅ˜๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ด์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
of how long you'll live.
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09:27
Now, this leads me to the next question:
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Œ์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:30
if we now spend more time online than on any other activity,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž ์ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋–ค ํ™œ๋™๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค
์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:36
including sleeping,
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09:37
we're now up to 11 hours a day,
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๊ทธ๋‚˜์ €๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 11์‹œ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊นจ์–ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
one hour more than last year, by the way,
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์ž‘๋…„๋ณด๋‹ค ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋” ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
does it make a difference?
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์–ด๋–ค ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
09:44
Why distinguish between interacting in person
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์™œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
09:48
and interacting via social media?
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์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
09:50
Is it the same thing as being there
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์•„์ด์™€ ๋ฌธ์ž๋กœ ๊ณ„์† ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
09:53
if you're in contact constantly with your kids through text, for example?
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
09:58
Well, the short answer to the question is no,
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด
10:00
it's not the same thing.
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๋‘˜์€ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
Face-to-face contact releases a whole cascade of neurotransmitters,
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๋Œ€๋ฉด ์ ‘์ด‰์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ํญํฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‚˜์™€์„œ
10:06
and like a vaccine, they protect you now in the present
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๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์ง€์ผœ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
and well into the future.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋ชจ๋‘์š”.
10:11
So simply making eye contact with somebody,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋งˆ์ฃผ์น˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
10:15
shaking hands, giving somebody a high-five
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์•…์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ, ํ•˜์ดํŒŒ์ด๋ธŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„
10:18
is enough to release oxytocin,
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์˜ฅ์‹œํ† ์‹ ์„ ๋ถ„๋น„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
which increases your level of trust
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ 
10:22
and it lowers your cortisol levels.
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์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์†”์˜ ์–‘์„ ์ค„์–ด๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
So it lowers your stress.
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์ฆ‰, ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถฐ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
10:27
And dopamine is generated, which gives us a little high
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„ํŒŒ๋ฏผ์ด ๋ถ„๋น„๋˜์–ด ์ข€ ๋” ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์ข‹์•„์ง€๊ณ 
10:30
and it kills pain.
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๊ณ ํ†ต์ด ๊ฐ€๋ผ์•‰์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
It's like a naturally produced morphine.
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์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅดํ•€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:34
Now, all of this passes under our conscious radar,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์˜์‹์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ ˆ์ด๋”๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
10:37
which is why we conflate online activity with the real thing.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ ์œตํ•ฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
But we do have evidence now, fresh evidence,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์ œ ๋‘˜์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š”
10:44
that there is a difference.
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
So let's look at some of the neuroscience.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ๊ณผํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ํ•ด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
10:47
Elizabeth Redcay, a neuroscientist at the University of Maryland,
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๋ฉ”๋ฆด๋žœ๋“œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™์ž์ธ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฒ ์Šค ๋ ˆ๋“œ์ผ€์ด๋Š”
10:51
tried to map the difference
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ•  ๋•Œ์™€
10:52
between what goes on in our brains when we interact in person
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๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
10:56
versus when we're watching something that's static.
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๋‡Œ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
And what she did was she compared the brain function
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‡Œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
11:02
of two groups of people,
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๋‘ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
11:04
those interacting live with her
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๊ทธ๋…€์™€ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
11:07
or with one of her research associates
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•œ๋ช…๊ณผ ๊ต๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
11:09
in a dynamic conversation,
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์—ญ๋™์ ์ธ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ
11:12
and she compared that to the brain activity of people
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๊ฐ™์€ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
11:14
who were watching her talk about the same subject
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์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋…นํ™”๋œ ์˜์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜
11:18
but in a canned video, like on YouTube.
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๋‡Œ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
And by the way, if you want to know
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ํ˜น์‹œ, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ
11:23
how she fit two people in an MRI scanner at the same time,
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๋™์‹œ์— MRI ์Šค์บ๋„ˆ๋ฅผ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ ์‹ถ์œผ์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:26
talk to me later.
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
11:28
So what's the difference?
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์ž ๋‹ค์‹œ, ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ž์„๊นŒ์š”?
11:31
This is your brain on real social interaction.
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์ด๊ฑด ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ต๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‡Œ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
What you're seeing is the difference in brain activity
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ•  ๋•Œ์™€
11:37
between interacting in person and taking in static content.
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๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๋‡Œ ํ™œ๋™์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
In orange, you see the brain areas that are associated with attention,
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๋…ธ๋ž€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์ค‘ ์˜์—ญ๊ณผ
11:47
social intelligence --
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์‚ฌํšŒ ์ง€๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
11:48
that means anticipating what somebody else is thinking
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
11:51
and feeling and planning --
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ , ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ 
11:53
and emotional reward.
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๊ฐ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ณด๋‹ต์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
And these areas become much more engaged
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์™€ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ•  ๋•Œ
11:57
when we're interacting with a live partner.
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์ด ์˜์—ญ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
Now, these richer brain signatures
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‡Œ์˜ ํŠน์ง•๋“ค์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
12:04
might be why recruiters from Fortune 500 companies
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ํฌ์ฒœ 500์‚ฌ์˜ ์‹ ์ž… ๋ชจ์ง‘์ž๋“ค์ด
12:08
evaluating candidates
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์ง€์›์ž๋“ค์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ
12:10
thought that the candidates were smarter
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์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์ด๋‚˜ ํŽธ์ง€ ๊ฐ™์€
12:13
when they heard their voices
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๋ฌธ์„œ๋กœ ์ง€์›์ž๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๋˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค
12:15
compared to when they just read their pitches in a text, for example,
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์ง์ ‘ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€
๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋” ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ปด์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
or an email or a letter.
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12:20
Now, our voices and body language convey a rich signal.
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๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋ชธ์ง“์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
It shows that we're thinking, feeling,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ
12:25
sentient human beings
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋Š”
12:27
who are much more than an algorithm.
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์ง€๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์ž„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
Now, this research by Nicholas Epley
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์‹œ์นด๊ณ  ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์˜
12:31
at the University of Chicago Business School
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๋‹ˆ์ฝœ๋ผ์Šค ์—ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”
12:36
is quite amazing because it tells us a simple thing.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฝค ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:39
If somebody hears your voice,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:41
they think you're smarter.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋” ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
I mean, that's quite a simple thing.
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์ œ ๋ง์€ ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
Now, to return to the beginning,
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์ด์ œ, ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
12:49
why do women live longer than men?
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์™œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ด๊นŒ์š”?
12:51
And one major reason is that women are more likely
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์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ  ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค
12:54
to prioritize and groom their face-to-face relationships
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์ง์ ‘ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ผ์ƒ๋™์•ˆ
12:57
over their lifespans.
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๋” ์šฐ์„ ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค€๋น„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
Fresh evidence shows
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
13:00
that these in-person friendships
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ง์ ‘ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€
13:02
create a biological force field against disease and decline.
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์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์•…ํ™”์— ๋งž์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ํž˜์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
And it's not just true of humans
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์ด๊ฑด ์ธ๊ฐ„๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
13:08
but their primate relations, our primate relations as well.
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์˜์žฅ๋ฅ˜ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:12
Anthropologist Joan Silk's work shows that female baboons
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์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™์ž ์กฐ์•ˆ ์‹คํฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”
13:15
who have a core of female friends
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์•„์ฃผ ์นœํ•œ ์•”์ปท ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์•”์ปท ๊ฐœ์ฝ”์›์ˆญ์ด๋“ค์ด
13:18
show lower levels of stress via their cortisol levels,
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์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์†” ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ๋กœ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ ๋” ์ ์€ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ 
13:22
they live longer and they have more surviving offspring.
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๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ด๋ฉฐ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋“ค๋„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚ณ๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
At least three stable relationships.
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์ตœ์†Œ ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋งŒ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
That was the magic number.
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๋งˆ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ˆซ์ž์ฃ .
13:30
Think about it.
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
13:31
I hope you guys have three.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:34
The power of such face-to-face contact
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ฉด์ ‘์ด‰์˜ ํž˜์€
13:38
is really why there are the lowest rates of dementia
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์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”์œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ
13:41
among people who are socially engaged.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์น˜๋งค์œจ์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์›์ธ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
It's why women who have breast cancer
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๋˜ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด
13:45
are four times more likely to survive their disease than loners are.
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ํ˜ผ์ž ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ณ‘์„ ์ด๊ฒจ๋‚ผ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด 4๋ฐฐ ๋” ํฐ ์ด์œ ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
Why men who've had a stroke who meet regularly to play poker
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๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ ํฌ์ปค๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋“ ์ง€
13:55
or to have coffee
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์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹ ๋‹ค๋“ ์ง€
13:56
or to play old-timer's hockey --
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์˜›๋‚  ํ•˜ํ‚ค๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:59
I'm Canadian, after all --
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์ „ ์–ด์ฉ” ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋„ค์š”.
14:00
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
14:01
are better protected by that social contact
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ ์ ‘์ด‰์ด
14:04
than they are by medication.
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์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ข‹๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
14:06
Why men who've had a stroke who meet regularly --
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๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์™œ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๋ƒ๋ฉด
14:09
this is something very powerful they can do.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
14:11
This face-to-face contact provides stunning benefits,
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๋Œ€๋ฉด ์ ‘์ด‰์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ด์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
14:15
yet now almost a quarter of the population says they have no one to talk to.
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์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 4๋ถ„์˜ 1์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:20
We can do something about this.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:23
Like Sardinian villagers,
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์‚ฌ๋ฅด๋””๋‹ˆ์•„ ๋งˆ์„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
14:25
it's a biological imperative to know we belong,
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์— ์†ํ•ด์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
14:28
and not just the women among us.
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:30
Building in-person interaction into our cities, into our workplaces,
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์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ต๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋„์‹œ์™€ ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ 
14:35
into our agendas
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๋Œ€ํ™” ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
14:37
bolsters the immune system,
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๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ 
14:39
sends feel-good hormones surging through the bloodstream and brain
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ํ˜ˆ๋ฅ˜์™€ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์„ ์ข‹์•„์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์„ ๋‚ด๋ณด๋‚ด๋ฉฐ
14:43
and helps us live longer.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:45
I call this building your village,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ๊ต๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์„ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋งˆ์„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:48
and building it and sustaining it is a matter of life and death.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ต๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ์ผ์ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
14:52
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:53
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
14:59
Helen Walters: Susan, come back. I have a question for you.
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ํ—ฌ๋ Œ ์›”ํ„ฐ์Šค: ์ˆ˜์ž”, ๋Œ์•„์™€์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
15:02
I'm wondering if there's a middle path.
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์ค‘๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด์š”.
15:04
So you talk about the neurotransmitters connecting when in face-to-face,
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์ง์ ‘ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ๋งž๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ๋‚˜์˜จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
15:08
but what about digital technology?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„  ์–ด๋–ค๊ฐ€์š”?
15:09
We've seen enormous improvements in digital technology
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐœ์ „ํ–ˆ์ž–์•„์š”.
15:12
like FaceTime, things like that.
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ํŽ˜์ด์Šค ํƒ€์ž„์ด๋‚˜, ๋ญ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์š”.
15:14
Does that work too?
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
15:16
I mean, I see my nephew.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์นด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
15:17
He plays Minecraft and he's yelling at his friends.
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๋งˆ์ธํฌ๋ž˜ํ”„ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฅด์ฃ .
15:19
It seems like he's connecting pretty well.
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๊ฝค ์ž˜ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณด์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ
15:21
Is that useful? Is that helpful?
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์€๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”? ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?
15:23
Susan Pinker: Some of the data are just emerging.
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์ˆ˜์ž” ํ•‘์ปค: ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:26
The data are so fresh that the digital revolution happened
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์›Œ์„œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํ˜๋ช…์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
15:29
and the health data trailed behind.
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์ข‹์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋’ค๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:31
So we're just learning,
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด์ฃ .
15:33
but I would say there are some improvements
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„
15:35
that we could make in the technology.
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ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:37
For example, the camera on your laptop is at the top of the screen,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋Š” ํ™”๋ฉด์˜ ๋งจ ์œ„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:40
so for example, when you're looking into the screen,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณผ ๋•Œ
15:43
you're not actually making eye contact.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋งˆ์ฃผ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:45
So something as simple as even just looking into the camera
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„
15:48
can increase those neurotransmitters,
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์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
15:51
or maybe changing the position of the camera.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์„œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
15:53
So it's not identical, but I think we are getting closer with the technology.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ต๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:57
HW: Great. Thank you so much.
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ํ—ฌ๋ Œ ์›”ํ„ฐ์Šค: ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:59
SP: Thank you.
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์ˆ˜์ž” ํ•‘์ปค: ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:00
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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