What I learned about freedom after escaping North Korea | Yeonmi Park | TED

Prevoditelj: Marija Kostović Recezent: Sanda L

I was born in 1993 in the northern part of North Korea,

Rođena sam 1993. godine u sjevernom dijelu Sjeverne Koreje,

in a town called Hyesan,

u gradu Hyesanu,

which is on the border with China.

na granici s Kinom.

I had loving parents

Odrastala sam uz brižne roditelje

and one older sister.

i stariju sestru.

Before I was even 10 years old,

Prije moje desete godine

my father was sent to a labor camp

otac je poslan u radni kamp

for engaging in illegal trading.

jer se bavio nezakonitom trgovinom.

Now, by "illegal trading" --

"Nezakonita prodaja" bila je

he was selling clogs, sugar, rice and later copper

prodaja klompi, šećera, riže i kasnije bakra

to feed us.

kako bi nas prehranio.

In 2007, my sister and I decided to escape.

Sestra i ja odlučile smo pobjeći 2007. godine.

She was 16 years old,

Ona je imala 16 godina,

and I was 13 years old.

a ja 13.

I need you to understand what the word "escape" means

Želim da razumijete što znači "pobjeći"

in the context of North Korea.

u kontekstu Sjeverne Koreje.

We were all starving,

Bili smo gladni,

and hunger means death in North Korea.

a glad znači smrt u Sjevernoj Koreji.

So it was the only option for us.

To je za nas bila jedina opcija.

I didn't even understand the concept of escape,

Nisam razumjela značenje bijega,

but I could see the lights from China at night,

ali vidjela sam svjetla Kine po noći

and I wondered if I go where the light is,

i kad bih mogla doći do tih svjetala,

I might be able to find a bowl of rice.

možda bih tamo pronašla tanjur riže.

It's not like we had a grand plan or maps.

Nije da smo imale velike planove ili karte.

We did not know anything about what was going to happen.

Nismo znale što će se dogoditi.

Imagine your apartment building caught fire.

Zamislite da požar zahvati vašu zgradu.

I mean, what would you do?

Mislim, što biste učinili?

Would you stay there to be burned,

Biste li ostali tamo i izgorjeli

or would you jump off out of the window

ili biste iskočili kroz prozor

and see what happens?

da vidite što će se dogoditi?

That's what we did.

To smo mi napravile.

We jumped out of the house

Iskočile smo iz kuće

instead of the fire.

da pobjegnemo od požara.

North Korea is unimaginable.

Sjeverna Koreja je nezamisliva.

It's very hard for me

Teško mi je

when people ask me what it feels like to live there.

kad me ljudi pitaju kako je živjeti tamo.

To be honest,

Iskreno,

I tell you:

kažem vam:

you can't even imagine it.

ne možete to ni zamisliti.

The words in any language can't describe,

To se ne može opisati riječima bilo kojeg jezika;

because it's a totally different planet,

radi se o potpuno drukčijem planetu.

as you cannot imagine your life on Mars right now.

Kao što ne možete zamisliti život na Marsu.

For example, the word "love" has only one meaning:

Na primjer, riječ "ljubav" ima samo jedno značenje:

love for the Dear Leader.

ljubav prema dragom Vođi.

There's no concept of romantic love in North Korea.

Tamo nema koncepta romantike.

And if you don't know the words,

A ako ne znate riječi,

that means you don't understand the concept,

to znači da ne razumijete koncept

and therefore, you don't even realize that concept is even a possibility.

i stoga ne znate da taj koncept uopće može postojati.

Let me give you another example.

Dat ću vam još jedan primjer.

Growing up in North Korea,

Odrastajući u Sjevernoj Koreji,

we truly believed that our Dear Leader is an almighty god

vjerovali smo da je dragi Vođa svemogući bog

who can even read my thoughts.

koji može čitati moje misli.

I was even afraid to think in North Korea.

Bojala sam se misliti u Sjevernoj Koreji.

We are told that he's starving for us,

Govore nam da on za nas gladuje,

and he's working tirelessly for us,

da neprekidno radi za nas,

and my heart just broke for him.

i srce mi je bilo slomljeno zbog njega.

When I escaped to South Korea,

Kada sam pobjegla u Južnu Koreju,

people told me that he was actually a dictator,

ljudi su mi rekli da je on ustvari diktator,

he had cars,

da ima automobile,

many, many resorts,

brojna odmarališta

and he had an ultraluxurious life.

i da vodi iznimno luksuzan život.

And then I remember looking at a picture of him,

I sjećam se da sam pogledala njegovu sliku

realizing for the first time

i po prvi put shvatila

that he is the largest guy in the picture.

da je on najveći na toj slici.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And it hit me.

Tu sam shvatila.

Finally, I realized he wasn't starving.

Shvatila sam da on ne gladuje.

But I was never able to see that before,

No to nisam nikada prije shvaćala

until someone told me that he was fat.

dok mi netko nije rekao da je debeo.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Really, someone had to teach me that he was fat.

Morali su mi to reći.

If you have never practiced critical thinking,

Ako nikada niste naučili kritički razmišljati,

then you simply see what you're told to see.

jednostavno vidite ono što vam kažu da vidite.

The biggest question also people ask me

Najjače pitanje koje mi ljudi postavljaju:

is: "Why is there no revolution inside North Korea?

"Zašto u Sjevernoj Koreji nema revolucije?"

Are we dumb?

Jesmo li glupi?

Why is there no revolution for 70 years of this oppression?"

Zašto nema revolucije nakon 70 godina tlačenja?"

And I say:

Odgovaram:

If you don't know you're a slave,

Ako ne znate da ste rob,

if you don't know you're isolated or oppressed,

ako ne znate da ste izolirani, potlačeni,

how do you fight to be free?

kako da se borite za slobodu?

I mean, if you know you're isolated,

Mislim, ako znate da ste izolirani,

that means you are not isolated.

to znači da niste.

Not knowing is the true definition of isolation,

Neznanje je prava definicija izolacije,

and that's why I never knew

i zato nikada nisam znala

I was isolated when I was in North Korea.

da sam izolirana u Sjevernoj Koreji.

I literally thought I was in the center of the universe.

Doslovno sam mislila da sam u središtu svemira.

So here is my idea worth spreading:

Ovo je moja ideja vrijedna širenja:

a lot of people think

mnogi misle da znaju

humans inherently know what is right and wrong,

što je ispravno, što neispravno,

the difference between justice and injustice,

razliku između pravde i nepravde,

what we deserve and we don't deserve.

što zaslužujemo, a što ne.

I tell them: BS.

Ja na to kažem: s*anje.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Everything,

Sve,

everything must be taught,

sve se mora učiti,

including compassion.

uključujući suosjećanje.

If I see someone dying on the street right now,

Ako na ulici vidim da osoba umire,

I will do anything to save that person.

učinit ću sve da je spasim.

But when I was in North Korea,

Ali kada sam bila u Sjevernoj Koreji,

I saw people dying and dead on the streets.

vidjela sam ljude kako umiru na ulici.

I felt nothing.

Nisam ništa osjećala.

Not because I'm a psychopath,

Ne zato što sam psihopat,

but because I never learned the concept of compassion.

već zato što nisam znala za suosjećanje.

Only, I felt compassion, empathy and sympathy in my heart

Osjetila sam suosjećanje i empatiju u srcu

after I learned the word "compassion" and the concept,

tek nakon što sam naučila riječ "suosjećanje"

and I feel them now.

i tek sada to osjećam.

Now I live in the United States as a free person.

Sada živim slobodno u SAD-u.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

And recently,

A nedavno,

the leader of the free country, our President Trump,

vođa slobodne zemlje, predsjednik Trump,

met with my former god.

susreo se s mojim prijašnjim bogom.

And he decided human rights is not important enough

Odlučio je da ljudska prava nisu dovoljno važna

to include in his agendas,

da ih uključi u svoj raspored

and he did not talk about it.

i nije o njima pričao.

And it scares me.

To me plaši.

We live in a world right now

Danas živimo u svijetu

where a dictator can be praised for executing his uncle,

u kojem se diktatora hvali što je ubio svog ujaka,

for killing his half brother,

ubio svog polubrata,

killing thousands of North Koreans.

ubio na tisuće Sjevernokorejaca.

And that was worthy of praise.

To je zaslužilo pohvalu.

And also it made me think:

Zbog toga sam pomislila:

perhaps we all need to be taught something new about freedom now.

možda svi moramo naučiti nešto novo o slobodi.

Freedom is fragile.

Sloboda je krhka.

I don't want to alarm you, but it is.

Ne želim vas plašiti, ali jest.

It only took three generations

U samo tri generacije

to make North Korea into George Orwell's "1984."

Sjeverna Koreja postala je kao iz Orwellovog romana "1984.".

It took only three generations.

U samo tri generacije.

If we don't fight for human rights

Ako se ne borimo za ljudska prava,

for the people who are oppressed right now who don't have a voice,

za ljude koji su potlačeni i koji nemaju pravo glasa,

as free people here,

odavde, kao slobodni ljudi,

who will fight for us when we are not free?

tko će se boriti kada mi ne budemo slobodni?

Machines? Animals? I don't know.

Strojevi? Životinje? Ne znam.

I think it's wonderful that we care about climate change,

Mislim da je sjajno da brinemo o klimatskim promjenama,

animal rights, gender equality,

životinjskim pravima, ravnopravnosti spolova,

all of these things.

svemu tome.

The fact that we care about animals' rights,

Činjenica da marimo za prava životinja,

that means that's how beautiful our heart is,

to znači da imamo prekrasnu dušu,

that we care about someone who cannot speak for themselves.

da marimo za nekoga tko se ne može sam braniti.

And North Koreans right now cannot speak for themselves.

A trenutačno se Sjevernokorejci ne mogu braniti.

They don't have internet in the 21st century.

U 21. stoljeću nemaju internet.

We don't have electricity,

Nemamo struje,

and it is the darkest place on earth right now.

to je najmračnije mjesto na Zemlji.

Now I want to say something to my fellow North Koreans

Želim reći nešto svojim Sjevernokorejcima

who are living in that darkness.

koji sada žive u tom mraku.

They might not believe this,

Možda neće vjerovati,

but I want to tell them that an alternative life is possible.

ali želim im reći da je drukčiji život moguć.

Be free.

Budite slobodni.

From my experience,

Prema mom iskustvu,

literally anything is possible.

doslovno sve je moguće.

I was bought,

Kupljena sam

I was sold as a slave.

i prodana kao ropkinja.

But now I'm here,

Ali sada sam ovdje

and that is why I believe in miracles.

i zato vjerujem u čuda.

The one thing that I learned from history

Iz povijesti sam naučila jednu stvar,

is that nothing is forever in this world.

a to je da ništa na svijetu nije zauvijek.

And that is why we have every reason to be hopeful.

I zato imamo razloga nadati se.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)