The coolest animal you know nothing about ... and how we can save it | Patrícia Medici

Prevoditelj: Senzos Osijek Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

This is one of the most amazing animals on the face of the Earth.

Ovo je jedna od najnevjerojatnijih životinja na Zemlji.

This is a tapir.

Ovo je tapir.

Now this, this is a baby tapir,

A ovo, ovo je mladunče tapira,

the cutest animal offspring in the animal kingdom.

najslađe mladunče u životinjskom carstvu.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

By far.

Daleko najslađi.

There is no competition here.

Nema ovdje natjecanja.

I have dedicated the past 20 years of my life

Posvetila sam posljednjih 20 godina svojega života

to the research and conservation of tapirs in Brazil,

istraživanju i očuvanju tapira u Brazilu,

and it has been absolutely amazing.

i bilo je potpuno zapanjujuće.

But at the moment, I've been thinking really, really hard

Ali trenutno, uistinu mnogo razmišljam

about the impact of my work.

o učinku mojega rada.

I've been questioning myself about the real contributions I have made

Propitivala sam samu sebe o stvarnim doprinosima koje sam postigla

for the conservation of these animals I love so much.

za očuvanje ovih životinja koje toliko volim.

Am I being effective

Pridonosim li

in safeguarding their survival?

očuvanju njihovog preživljavanja?

Am I doing enough?

Činim li dovoljno?

I guess the big question here is,

Mislim da je veliko pitanje ovdje,

am I studying tapirs and contributing to their conservation,

proučavam li tapire i pridonosim njihovu očuvanju

or am I just documenting their extinction?

ili samo dokumentiram njihovo izumiranje?

The world is facing so many different conservation crises.

Svijet se suočava s mnogim krizama uzrokovanim očuvanjem vrsta.

We all know that. It's all over the news every day.

Svi to znamo. Svaki dan je na vijestima.

Tropical forests and other ecosystems are being destroyed,

Tropske šume i njihovi ekosustavi se uništavaju,

climate change, so many species on the brink of extinction:

klimatske promjene, toliko je vrsta pred izumiranjem:

tigers, lions, elephants, rhinos, tapirs.

tigrovi, lavovi, slonovi, nosorozi, tapiri.

This is the lowland tapir, the tapir species I work with,

Ovo je nizinski tapir, vrsta tapira s kojom radim,

the largest terrestrial mammal of South America.

najveći kopneni sisavac Južne Amerike.

They're massive. They're powerful.

Masivni su. Moćni su.

Adults can weigh up to 300 kilos.

Odrasli mogu težiti do 300 kilograma.

That's half the size of a horse.

To je kao pola konja.

They're gorgeous.

Divni su.

Tapirs are mostly found in tropical forests such as the Amazon,

Tapire najčešće možemo naći u tropskim šumama kao što je Amazonska,

and they absolutely need large patches of habitat

i definitivno trebaju stanište velike površine

in order to find all the resources they need to reproduce and survive.

kako bi pronašli resurse koje trebaju za razmnožavanje i preživljavanje.

But their habitat is being destroyed,

Ali njihovo stanište uništavaju,

and they have been hunted out of several parts of their geographic distribution.

i već su iz nekoliko područja njihove geografske distribucije izlovljeni.

And you see, this is very, very unfortunate

I vidite, to je veoma, veoma nesretan slučaj

because tapirs are extremely important for the habitats where they are found.

jer su tapiri vrlo bitni za staništa u kojima se nalaze.

They're herbivores.

Biljojedi su.

Fifty percent of their diet consists of fruit,

Pedeset posto njihove prehrane čini voće

and when they eat the fruit, they swallow the seeds,

i kad jedu voće progutaju sjemenke,

which they disperse throughout the habitat through their feces.

koje rašire staništem svojim izmetom.

They play this major role in shaping and maintaining

Igraju veliku ulogu u oblikovanju i održavanju

the structure and diversity of the forest,

strukture i raznolikosti šume

and for that reason, tapirs are known as gardeners of the forest.

te su zbog toga tapiri poznati kao vrtlari šume.

Isn't that amazing?

Nije li to nevjerojatno?

If you think about it,

Ako malo bolje razmislite,

the extinction of tapirs would seriously affect

izumiranje tapira ozbiljno bi utjecalo

biodiversity as a whole.

na bioraznolikost u cjelini.

I started my tapir work in 1996, still very young, fresh out of college,

1996. sam počela svoj rad s tapirima, još mlada, nedavno završena fakulteta,

and it was a pioneer research and conservation program.

i to je bilo prvo takvo istraživanje i program za očuvanje.

At that point, we had nearly zero information about tapirs,

Tada nismo imali gotovo nikakve informacije o tapirima,

mostly because they're so difficult to study.

uglavnom jer ih je tako teško proučavati.

They're nocturnal, solitary, very elusive animals,

To su noćne, samotne, vrlo nedostižne životinje

and we got started getting very basic data about these animals.

i konačno smo počeli dobivati temeljne podatke o ovim životinjama.

But what is it that a conservationist does?

Ali što zapravo čini konzervator?

Well, first, we need data.

Pa, prvo, trebamo podatke.

We need field research.

Trebamo istraživanja na terenu.

We need those long-term datasets to support conservation action,

Trebamo dugoročno skupljanje podataka kako bismo poduprli akciju očuvanja,

and I told you tapirs are very hard to study,

a rekla sam vam da je tapire vrlo teško proučavati,

so we have to rely on indirect methods to study them.

stoga se moramo osloniti na indirektne metode proučavanja.

We have to capture and anesthetize them

Moramo ih uloviti i anestezirati

so that we can install GPS collars around their necks

kako bismo im stavili GPS ogrlice oko vrata

and follow their movements,

i pratili njihovo kretanje,

which is a technique used by many other conservationists around the world.

to je tehnika koju koriste mnogi konzervatori svuda u svijetu.

And then we can gather information about how they use space,

Tada možemo skupljati informacije o tome kako koriste prostor,

how they move through the landscape,

kako se kreću kroz okoliš,

what are their priority habitats,

koja su im najbitnija staništa,

and so much more.

i mngo više.

Next, we must disseminate what we learn.

Sljedeće, moramo ukazati svijetu na to što smo naučili.

We have to educate people about tapirs

Moramo educirati ljude o tapirima

and how important these animals are.

i tome koliko su bitne te životinje.

And it's amazing how many people around the world

I nevjerojatno je koliko ljudi na svijetu

do not know what a tapir is.

ne zna što je tapir.

In fact, many people think this is a tapir.

Zapravo, mnogi ljudi misle da je ovo tapir.

Let me tell you, this is not a tapir.

Samo da vam kažem, ovo nije tapir.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

This is a giant anteater.

To je divovski mravojed.

Tapirs do not eat ants. Never. Ever.

Tapiri ne jedu mrave. Nikad. Baš nikad.

And then next we have to provide training, capacity building.

Nadalje, moramo osigurati uvježbavanje, povećanje kapaciteta.

It is our responsibility to prepare the conservationists of the future.

Naša je odgovornost pripremiti buduće konzervatore.

We are losing several conservation battles,

Gubimo nekoliko bitaka za očuvanje,

and we need more people doing what we do,

i trebamo više ljudi koji bi radili to što radimo,

and they need the skills, and they need the passion to do that.

i oni trebaju vještine, trebaju strast kako bi to radili.

Ultimately, we conservationists,

Naposljetku, mi konzervatori,

we must be able to apply our data,

moramo biti u mogućnosti primijeniti naše podatke,

to apply our accumulated knowledge

primijeniti skupljeno znanje

to support actual conservation action.

kako bismo poduprli stvarnu akciju očuvanja.

Our first tapir program

Naš prvi program za tapire

took place in the Atlantic Forest

bio je smješten u Atlantskoj šumi

in the eastern part of Brazil,

u istočnom dijelu Brazila,

one of the most threatened biomes in the world.

jednom od najugroženijih bioma na svijetu.

The destruction of the Atlantic Forest

Uništavanje Atlantske šume

began in the early 1500s,

počelo je u ranim 1500-im godinama,

when the Portuguese first arrived in Brazil,

kad su Portugalci prvi put došli u Brazil

beginning European colonization in the eastern part of South America.

i time započeli europsku kolonizaciju istočnog dijela Južne Amerike.

This forest was almost completely cleared

Šuma je bila gotovo potpuno iskrčena,

for timber, agriculture, cattle ranching and the construction of cities,

za građevno drvo, poljoprivredu, stočarstvo i gradnju gradova,

and today only seven percent of the Atlantic forest

i danas je samo sedam posto Atlantske šume

is still left standing.

ostalo.

And tapirs are found in very, very small, isolated, disconnected populations.

Tapiri se nalaze u vrlo, vrlo malim, izoliranim, nepovezanim populacijama.

In the Atlantic Forest, we found out that tapirs move through open areas

U Atlantskoj šumi smo saznali da se tapiri kreću preko otvorenih dijelova

of pastureland and agriculture

pašnjaka i njiva

going from one patch of forest to patch of forest.

idući od jednog dijela šume do drugog.

So our main approach in this region

Glavni pristup u ovoj regiji

was to use our tapir data to identify the potential places

bio je iskoristiti podatke o tapirima kako bi identificirali potencijalna mjesta

for the establishment of wildlife corridors

za postavljanje koridora za životinje

in between those patches of forest,

između tih dijelova šume,

reconnecting the habitat

ponovo spajajući stanište

so that tapirs and many other animals could cross the landscape safely.

da tapiri i mnoge druge životinje sigurno mogu prelaziti te predjele.

After 12 years in the Atlantic Forest,

Nakon 12 godina u Atlantskoj šumi,

in 2008, we expanded our tapir conservation efforts to the Pantanal

2008. proširili smo naše napore za očuvanje tapira na Pantanal

in the western part of Brazil

u zapadnom dijelu Brazila

near the border with Bolivia and Paraguay.

blizu granice s Bolivijom i Paragvajem.

This is the largest continuous freshwater floodplain in the world,

To je najveće neprekinuto slatkovodno poplavno područje na svijetu,

an incredible place

nevjerojatno područje

and one of the most important strongholds for lowland tapirs in South America.

i jedno od najbitnijih uporišta za nizinske tapire u Južnoj Americi.

And working in the Pantanal has been extremely refreshing

Rad u Pantanalu je bio vrlo osvježavajući

because we found large, healthy tapir populations in the area,

jer smo našli velike zdrave populacije tapira u tom području,

and we have been able to study tapirs

i mogli smo proučavati tapire

in the most natural conditions we'll ever find,

u najprirodnijim uvjetima koje ćemo ikad naći,

very much free of threats.

uglavnom bez prijetnji.

In the Pantanal, besides the GPS collars, we are using another technique:

U Pantanalu, osim GPS ogrlica, koristimo još jednu tehniku:

camera traps.

foto-zamke.

This camera is equipped with a movement sensor

Fotoaparat ima senzor za pokrete

and it photographs animals when they walk in front of it.

i fotografira životinje kad prođu ispred njega.

So thanks to these amazing devices,

Zahvaljujući ovim nevjerojatnim uređajima,

we have been able to gather precious information

mogli smo prikupiti vrijedne informacije

about tapir reproduction and social organization

o reprodukciji tapira i socijalnoj organizaciji

which are very important pieces of the puzzle

koji su jako bitni dijelovi slagalice

when you're trying to develop those conservation strategies.

kada pokušavate razviti strategije za očuvanje vrste.

And right now, 2015, we are expanding our work once again

I sad, 2015. još jednom proširujemo svoj rad

to the Brazilian Cerrado,

na Brazilski Cerrado,

the open grasslands and shrub forests in the central part of Brazil.

područje otvorenih pašnjaka i niskog raslinja u središnjem dijelu Brazila.

Today this region is the very epicenter of economic development in my country,

Danas je ta regija sam epicentar ekonomskog razvoja moje zemlje,

where natural habitat and wildlife populations

i prirodna staništa te populacije divljih životinja

are rapidly being eradicated by several different threats,

brzo nestaju zbog nekoliko različitih prijetnji,

including once again cattle ranching,

uključujući, još jednom, stočarstvo,

large sugarcane and soybean plantations,

velike plantaže šećerne trske i soje,

poaching, roadkill, just to name a few.

krivolov, nesreće na cesti, ali to su samo neke.

And somehow, tapirs are still there,

Usprkos svemu, tapiri su još ondje,

which gives me a lot of hope.

što mi daje puno nade.

But I have to say that starting this new program in the Cerrado

Ali moram reći da je započinjanje novog programa u Cerradu

was a bit of a slap in the face.

bila svojevrsna pljuska u lice.

When you drive around

Kad se vozite okolo

and you find dead tapirs along the highways

i nalazite mrtve tapire uz autoceste

and signs of tapirs wandering around in the middle of sugarcane plantations

i znakove lutanja tapira usred plantaža šećerne trske

where they shouldn't be,

gdje ne bi trebali biti

and you talk to kids and they tell you that they know how tapir meat tastes

te kada pričate s djecom i kažu vam da znaju kakvog je okusa meso tapira

because their families poach and eat them,

jer ih njihove obitelji ilegalno love i jedu,

it really breaks your heart.

to vam slomi srce.

The situation in the Cerrado made me realize --

Situacija u Cerradu me natjerala da shvatim –

it gave me the sense of urgency.

dala mi je osjećaj da je stvar hitna.

I am swimming against the tide.

Borim se protiv vjetrenjača.

It made me realize that despite two decades of hard work

Shvatila sam da unatoč dvama desetljećima napornog rada

trying to save these animals, we still have so much work to do

u pokušaju spašavanja ovih životinja, imamo još toliko puno posla

if we are to prevent them from disappearing.

ako želimo spriječiti njihovo nestajanje.

We have to find ways to solve all these problems.

Moramo naći načine da riješimo sve te probleme.

We really do, and you know what?

Stvarno moramo, i znate što?

We really came to a point in the conservation world

Stvarno smo došli do točke u svijetu konzervacije

where we have to think out of the box.

kad moramo misliti izvan okvira.

We'll have to be a lot more creative than we are right now.

Svi moramo biti mnogo kreativniji nego što smo sada.

And I told you, roadkill is a big problem for tapirs in the Cerrado,

I kao što rekoh, nesreće na cesti velik su problem za tapire u Cerradu,

so we just came up with the idea of putting reflective stickers

pa smo nedavno došli na ideju da stavljamo reflektirajuće naljepnice

on the GPS collars we put on the tapirs.

na GPS ogrlice koje stavljamo tapirima.

These are the same stickers used on big trucks

To su iste naljepnice koje su na velikim kamionima

to avoid collision.

da se izbjegne sudar.

Tapirs cross the highways after dark,

Tapiri prelaze autoceste kad padne mrak,

so the stickers will hopefully help drivers see this shining thing

pa će naljepnice, nadamo se, pomoći vozačima da vide tu stvar koja svijetli

crossing the highway,

i prelazi autocestu,

and maybe they will slow down a little bit.

i možda će malo usporiti.

For now, this is just a crazy idea.

Zasad, ovo je samo luda ideja.

We don't know. We'll see if it will reduce the amount of tapir roadkill.

Ne znamo. Vidjet ćemo hoće li se smanjiti broj nesreća na cesti.

But the point is, maybe this is the kind of stuff that needs to be done.

Poanta je da je možda to način na koji moramo djelovati.

And although I'm struggling with all these questions

I iako se trenutno borim s mnogim pitanjima

in my mind right now,

u svojoj glavi,

I have a pact with tapirs.

imam pakt s tapirima.

I know in my heart

U dubini srca znam

that tapir conservation is my cause.

da je očuvanje tapira moj cilj.

This is my passion.

To je moja strast.

I am not alone.

I nisam sama.

I have this huge network of supporters behind me,

Imam veliku mrežu pobornika iza sebe,

and there is no way I'm ever going to stop.

i nema šanse da ikad prestanem.

I will continue doing this, most probably for the rest of my life.

Nastavit ću ovo raditi, vrlo vjerojatno do kraja svog života.

And I'll keep doing this for Patrícia, my namesake,

I nastavit ću to raditi za Patríciu, moju imenjakinju,

one of the first tapirs we captured and monitored in the Atlantic Forest

i jednu od prvih tapira koje smo ulovili i pratili u Atlantskoj šumi

many, many years ago;

prije mnogo, mnogo godina;

for Rita and her baby Vincent in the Pantanal.

za Ritu i njenu bebu Vincenta u Pantanalu.

And I'll keep doing this for Ted, a baby tapir we captured

I nastavit ću to raditi za Teda, bebu tapira kojeg smo ulovili,

in December last year also in the Pantanal.

u prosincu prošle godine također u Pantanalu,

And I will keep doing this

I nastavit ću to raditi

for the hundreds of tapirs that I've had the pleasure to meet

za stotine tapira koje sam imala zadovoljstvo upoznati

over the years

tijekom godina

and the many others I know I will encounter in the future.

i mnoge druge koje ću, znam, sresti u budućnosti.

These animals deserve to be cared for.

Ove životinje zaslužuju da se brine o njima.

They need me. They need us.

Trebaju me. Trebaju nas.

And you know? We human beings deserve to live in a world

I znate što? Mi ljudska bića zaslužujemo živjeti u svijetu

where we can get out there and see and benefit from

gdje možemo izaći i vidjeti i imati koristi od,

not only tapirs

ne samo tapira,

but all the other beautiful species,

već svih lijepih vrsta,

now and in the future.

sad i u budućnosti.

Thank you so much.

Puno vam hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)