Michael Green: What the Social Progress Index can reveal about your country

Prevoditelj: Ivan Stamenković Recezent: Mislav Ante Omazić - EFZG

On January 4, 1934,

4. siječnja 1934.

a young man delivered a report

mladić je podnio izvještaj

to the United States Congress

Kongresu Sjedinjenih Američkih Država

that 80 years on,

koji 80 godina kasnije,

still shapes the lives of everyone in this room today,

i dalje oblikuje živote svih u ovoj sobi,

still shapes the lives of everyone on this planet.

i dalje oblikuje živote svih na ovom planetu.

That young man wasn't a politician,

Taj mladić nije bio političar,

he wasn't a businessman,

nije bio poslovni čovjek,

a civil rights activist

aktivist za prava građana

or a faith leader.

ili duhovni vođa.

He was that most unlikely of heroes,

Bio je taj najneočekivaniji heroj,

an economist.

ekonomist.

His name was Simon Kuznets

Njegovo ime bilo je Simon Kuznets

and the report that he delivered was called

i izvještaj koji je podnio zvao se

"National Income, 1929-1932."

"Društveni prihod, 1929.-1932."

Now, you might think

Sada, možda mislite

this is a rather dry and dull report.

kako je ovo suhoparno i dosadno izvješće.

And you're absolutely right.

I u potpunosti ste u pravu.

It's dry as a bone.

Suho je kao kost.

But this report is the foundation

Ali ovaj izvještaj je osnova

of how, today, we judge the success of countries:

toga kako, danas, sudimo uspjeh zemalja:

what we know best as Gross Domestic Product,

poznato pod nazivom bruto domaći proizvod,

GDP.

BDP.

GDP has defined and shaped our lives

BDP je definirao i oblikovao naše živote

for the last 80 years.

posljednjih 80 godina.

And today I want to talk about

I danas želim pričati o

a different way to measure the success of countries,

o različitim načinima mjerenja uspjeha zemalja,

a different way to define and shape our lives

drugačijeg načina za definiranje i oblikovanje života

for the next 80 years.

sljedećih 80 godina.

But first, we have to understand

Ali prvo, moramo razumjeti

how GDP came to dominate our lives.

kako je BDP zavladao našim životima.

Kuznets' report was delivered

Kuznetsov izvještaj predan je

at a moment of crisis.

u trenutku krize.

The U.S. economy was plummeting

Američka ekonomija je jurila

into the Great Depression

u Veliku depresiju

and policy makers were struggling to respond.

i stvaratelji strategija borili su se da daju odgovor.

Struggling because they didn't know what was going on.

Borili su se jer nisu znali što se događa.

They didn't have data and statistics.

Nisu imali podatke i statistiku.

So what Kuznet's report gave them

Ono što im je Kuznetsov izvještaj dao

was reliable data on what the U.S. economy

bili su pouzdani podatci o tome što američka ekonomija

was producing,

proizvodi,

updated year by year.

ažurirano iz godine u godinu.

And armed with this information,

I oboružani ovim informacijama,

policy makers were, eventually,

stvaratelji strategija,

able to find a way out of the slump.

uspjeli su pronaći izlaz iz krize.

And because Kuznets' invention

I zbog toga što je Kuznetsov izum

was found to be so useful,

bio vrlo koristan,

it spread around the world.

proširio se čitavim svijetom.

And now today, every country

I danas, svaka zemlja

produces GDP statistics.

izrađuje BDP statistike.

But, in that first report,

Ali, u prvom izvještaju,

Kuznets himself delivered a warning.

sam Kuznets dao je upozorenje.

It's in the introductory chapter.

Nalazi se u uvodnom poglavlju.

On page seven he says,

Na sedmoj stranici on kaže,

"The welfare of a nation can, therefore,

"Dobrobit nacije može se, zbog toga,

scarcely be inferred

slabo zaključiti

from a measurement of national income

iz mjerenja društvenog prihoda

as defined above."

kako je gore definirano."

It's not the greatest sound bite in the world,

Nije najbolji slogan na svijetu,

and it's dressed up in the cautious language of the economist.

i prikazan je opreznim jezikom ekonomista.

But his message was clear:

Ali poruka je bila jasna:

GDP is a tool

BDP je bio alat

to help us measure economic performance.

koji nam pomaže mjeriti ekonomski uspjeh.

It's not a measure of our well-being.

Nije mjera naše dobrobiti.

And it shouldn't be a guide to all decision making.

I ne bi smjela biti vodič u donošenju odluka.

But we have ignored Kuznets' warning.

Ali ignorirali smo Kuznetsovo upozorenje.

We live in a world where

Živimo u svijetu gdje je

GDP is the benchmark of success

BDP mjerilo uspjeha

in a global economy.

u globalnoj ekonomiji.

Our politicians boast when GDP goes up.

Naši političari hvale se kada BDP ode gore.

Markets move

Tržišta se pokreću

and trillions of dollars of capital

i bilijuni dolara kapitala

move around the world

kreću se svijetom

based on which countries are going up

ovisno o tome koje zemlje idu gore

and which countries are going down,

a koje idu dolje,

all measured in GDP.

sve mjereno u BDP-u.

Our societies have become

Naša društva postala su

engines to create more GDP.

strojevi za stvaranje BDP-a.

But we know that GDP is flawed.

Ali znamo da je BDP pun mana.

It ignores the environment.

Ignorira okoliš.

It counts bombs and prisons as progress.

Broji bombe i zatvore kao napredak.

It can't count happiness or community.

Ne može brojati sreću ili zajednicu.

And it has nothing to say about fairness or justice.

I ne govori ništa o poštenju ili pravdi.

Is it any surprise that our world,

Je li iznenađenje da naš svijet,

marching to the drumbeat of GDP,

koji maršira prema BDP-u

is teetering on the brink of environmental disaster

balansira na rubu ekološke katastrofe

and filled with anger and conflict?

te je pun bijesa i sukoba?

We need a better way to measure our societies,

Trebamo bolji način za mjerenje naših društava,

a measure based on the real things that matter to real people.

mjeru temeljenu na stvarnim stvarima koje su važne stvarnim ljudima.

Do I have enough to eat?

Imam li dovoljno za jelo?

Can I read and write?

Mogu li čitati i pisati?

Am I safe?

Jesam li siguran?

Do I have rights?

Imam li prava?

Do I live in a society where I'm not discriminated against?

Živim li u društvu koje me ne diskriminira?

Is my future and the future of my children prevented from environmental destruction?

Jesu li moja i budućnost moje djece zaštićena od uništavanja okoliša?

These are questions that GDP

To su pitanja na koja BDP

does not and cannot answer.

ne odgovara i ne može odgovoriti.

There have, of course,

Tu su bili, naravno,

been efforts in the past

pokušaji u prošlosti

to move beyond GDP.

da se krene dalje od BDP-a.

But I believe that we're living

Ali vjerujem da živimo

in a moment when we

u trenutku kada

are ready for a measurement revolution.

smo spremni za revoluciju mjerenja.

We're ready because we've seen,

Spremni smo jer smo vidjeli,

in the financial crisis of 2008,

u financijskoj krizi 2008.,

how our fetish for economic growth

da nas je fetiš za ekonomski rast

led us so far astray.

naveo da toliko zastranimo.

We've seen, in the Arab Spring,

Vidjeli smo, u Arapskom proljeću,

how countries like Tunisia

kako zemlje poput Tunisa

were supposedly economic superstars,

trebaju biti ekonomske superzvijezde,

but they were societies

ali su bili društva

that were seething with discontentment.

koja su bila prepuna nezadovoljstva.

We're ready, because today we have the technology

Spremni smo, jer danas imamo tehnologiju

to gather and analyze data

za prikupljanje i obradu podataka

in ways that would have been unimaginable to Kuznets.

na načine koji su bili nezamislivi Kuznetsu.

Today, I'd like to introduce you to the Social Progress Index.

Danas, bih vam htio predstaviti Indeks Društvenog Napretka.

It's a measure of the well-being of society,

To je mjera dobrobiti društva,

completely separate from GDP.

potpuno odvojena od BDP-a.

It's a whole new way of looking at the world.

Ovo je potpuno nov način gledanja na svijet.

The Social Progress Index

Indeks Društvenog Napretka

begins by defining what it

počinje s definiranjem što

means to be a good society

znači biti dobro društvo

based around three dimensions.

bazirano na tri dimenzije.

The first is, does everyone have the basic needs for survival:

Prva je, imaju li svi osnovno za preživljavanje:

food, water, shelter, safety?

hranu, vodu, sklonište, sigurnost?

Secondly, does everyone have

Drugo, imaju li svi

access to the building blocks to improve their lives:

pristup temeljima za poboljšanje života:

education, information, health and sustainable environment?

obrazovanje, informacije, zdravstvo i održivi okoliš?

And then third, does every individual have access

I treće, ima li svaki pojedinac pristup

to a chance to pursue their goals

prilici da ostvari svoje ciljeve,

and dreams and ambitions

snove i ambicije

free from obstacles?

bez zapreka?

Do they have rights,

Imaju li prava,

freedom of choice,

slobodu izbora,

freedom from discrimination

slobodu od diskriminacije

and access to the the world's most advanced knowledge?

i pristup najnaprednijim znanjima svijeta?

Together, these 12 components

Zajedno, ovih 12 komponenti

form the Social Progress framework.

tvore okvir društvenog napretka.

And for each of these 12 components,

I za svaku od ovih 12 komponenti,

we have indicators to measure how countries are performing.

imamo indikatore pomoću kojih mjerimo koliko su zemlje uspješne.

Not indicators of effort or intention,

Ne indikatori namjere ili truda,

but real achievement.

već pravih dosega.

We don't measure how much a country spends on healthcare,

Ne mjerimo koliko zemlja troši na zdravstvo,

we measure the length and quality of people's lives.

mjerimo duljinu i kvalitetu života ljudi.

We don't measure whether governments pass laws against discrimination,

Ne mjerimo jesu li vlade donijele zakone protiv diskriminacije,

we measure whether people experience discrimination.

mjerimo iskuse li ljudi diskriminaciju.

But what you want to know

Ali ono što želite znati

is who's top, don't you? (Laughter)

je tko je na vrhu, zar ne? (Smijeh)

I knew that, I knew that, I knew that.

Znao sam to, znao sam to, znao sam to.

Okay, I'm going to show you.

Dobro, pokazat ću vam.

I'm going to show you on this chart.

Pokazat ću vam na ovom grafu.

So here we are,

Ovdje smo mi,

what I've done here is put on the vertical axis social progress.

ono što sam učinio ovdje je da sam na vertikalnu os stavio društveni napredak.

Higher is better.

Više je bolje.

And then, just for comparison,

I onda, samo za usporedbu,

just for fun,

zabave radi,

on the horizontal axis is GDP per capita.

na horizontalnu os sam stavio BDP po stanovniku.

Further to the right is more.

Na desnu stranu je više.

So the country in the world

Dakle zemlja na svijetu

with the highest social progress,

s najvećim društvenim napretkom,

the number one country on social progress

prva zemlja po društvenom napretku

is New Zealand.

je Novi Zeland.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Well done! Never been; must go.

Svaka čast! Nisam bio, moram otići.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

The country with the least social progress,

Zemlja s najmanjim društvenim napretkom,

I'm sorry to say, is Chad.

žao mi je, to je Čad.

I've never been; maybe next year.

Nisam bio, možda dogodine.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Or maybe the year after.

Ili godinu nakon.

Now, I know what you're thinking.

Sad, znam što mislite.

You're thinking, "Aha,

Mislite, "Aha,

but New Zealand has a higher GDP

Novi Zeland ima veći BDP

than Chad!"

nego Čad!"

It's a good point, well made.

To je dobar zaključak, dobro izvučen.

But let me show you

Ali dozvolite da vam pokažem

two other countries.

dvije druge zemlje.

Here's the United States —

Ovdje su Sjedinjene Američke Države --

considerably richer than New Zealand,

bogatije od Novog Zelanda,

but with a lower level of social progress.

ali s nižom razinom društvenog napretka.

And then here's Senegal —

A onda je tu Senegal --

it's got a higher level of social progress than Chad,

ima veću razinu društvenog napretka od Čada,

but the same level of GDP.

ali istu razinu BDP-a.

So what's going on? Well, look.

Što se događa? Pa pogledajte.

Let me bring in the rest of the countries of the world,

Dozvolite da uvedem ostale zemlje svijeta,

the 132 we've been able to measure,

132 koje smo uspjeli izmjeriti,

each one represented by a dot.

svaku predstavljenu točkom.

There we go. Lots of dots.

Evo ga. Puno točaka.

Now, obviously I can't do all of them,

Sad, očito ne mogu proći kroz sve njih,

so a few highlights for you:

ali par odabranih:

The highest ranked G7 country is Canada.

Najviše rangirana zemlja G7 je Kanada.

My country, the United Kingdom,

Moja zemlja, Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo,

is sort of middling, sort of dull,

nekako stagnira, dosadna je,

but who cares —

ali koga briga --

at least we beat the French.

bar smo pobijedili Francuze.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh) (Pljesak)

And then looking at the emerging economies,

A gledajući rastuće ekonomije,

top of the BRICS, pleased to say, is Brazil.

na vrhu BRICS zemalja je, sa zadovoljstvom mogu reći, Brazil.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Come on, cheer!

Hajde, navijajte!

Go, Brazil!

Idemo, Brazil!

Beating South Africa,

Premašivši Južnu Afriku,

then Russia,

pa Rusiju,

then China

potom Kinu

and then India.

i Indiju.

Tucked away on the right-hand side,

Smještene na desnoj strani,

you will see a dot of a country with a lot of GDP

vidite točku zemlje s puno BDP-a

but not a huge amount of social progress —

ali ne velikom količinom društvenog napretka --

that's Kuwait.

to je Kuvajt.

Just above Brazil

Odmah iznad Brazila

is a social progress superpower —

velesila društvenog napretka --

that's Costa Rica.

Kostarika.

It's got a level of social progress the same as some Western European countries,

Ima razinu društvenog napretka kao neke zapadnoeuropske zemlje,

with a much lower GDP.

s puno nižim BDP-om.

Now, my slide is getting a little cluttered

Sad, moj slajd je pomalo zakrčen

and I'd like to step back a bit.

i volio bih otići korak unatrag.

So let me take away these countries,

Maknimo ove zemlje,

and then pop in the regression line.

i ubacimo crtu regresije.

So this shows the average relationship

Ovo pokazuje povezanost

between GDP and social progress.

između BDP-a i društvenog napretka.

The first thing to notice,

Prva stvar koju primjetite,

is that there's lots of noise

postoji puno buke

around the trend line.

oko linije kretanja.

And what this shows,

I to što pokazuje,

what this empirically demonstrates,

što empirički demonstrira,

is that GDP is not destiny.

je da BDP nije sudbina.

At every level of GDP per capita,

Na svakoj razini BDP-a po glavi stanovnika,

there are opportunities for more social progress,

postoje prilike za više društvenog napretka,

risks of less.

rizici za manje.

The second thing to notice

Druga stvar koju možete primjetiti

is that for poor countries,

je kako siromašne zemlje,

the curve is really steep.

imaju vrlo strmu krivulju.

So what this tells us is that

To nam govori da

if poor countries can get

ako siromašne zemlje mogu proizvesti

a little bit of extra GDP,

malo više BDP-a,

and if they reinvest that

i ako to reinvestiraju

in doctors, nurses, water supplies,

u doktore, sestre, zalihe vode,

sanitation, etc.,

sanitaciju, itd.,

there's a lot of social progress bang

postoji puno društvenog napretka

for your GDP buck.

za vaš BDP novac.

And that's good news, and that's what we've seen over the last 20, 30 years,

I to su dobre vijesti, i to je ono što smo vidjeli posljednjih 20, 30 godina,

with a lot of people lifted out of poverty

s puno ljudi izdignutih iz siromaštva

by economic growth and good policies

ekonomskim rastom i dobrim politikama

in poorer countries.

u siromašnijim zemljama.

But go on a bit further up the curve,

Ali odite malo više na krivulji,

and then we see it flattening out.

i vidimo da se izravnava.

Each extra dollar of GDP

Svaki dodatni dolar BDP-a

is buying less and less social progress.

kupuje manje i manje društvenog napretka.

And with more and more of the world's population

Kako sve više i više svjetske populacije

living on this part of the curve,

živi na ovom dijelu krivulje,

it means GDP is becoming

to znači da BDP postaje

less and less useful

sve manje i manje koristan

as a guide to our development.

kao vodilja u našem razvoju.

I'll show you an example of Brazil.

Pokazat ću vam primjer Brazila.

Here's Brazil:

Ovdje je Brazil:

social progress of about 70 out of 100,

društveni napredak od 70 do 100,

GDP per capita about 14,000 dollars a year.

BDP po glavi stanovnika otprilike 14.000 dolara godišnje.

And look, Brazil's above the line.

I pogledajte, Brazil je iznad crte.

Brazil is doing a reasonably good job

Brazil radi relativno dobar posao

of turning GDP into social progress.

u pretvaranju BDP-a u društveni napredak.

But where does Brazil go next?

Ali gdje će dalje ići Brazil?

Let's say that Brazil

Recimo da Brazil

adopts a bold economic plan

prihvati smion ekonomski plan

to double GDP in the next decade.

da udvostruči BDP u sljedećem desetljeću.

But that is only half a plan.

Ali to je samo pola plana.

It's less than half a plan,

To je manje od pola plana,

because where does Brazil want to go on social progress?

jer gdje Brazil želi ići s društvenim napretkom?

Brazil, it's possible

Brazil, moguće je

to increase your growth,

povećati rast,

increase your GDP,

povećati BDP,

while stagnating or going backwards

dok stagnirate ili se vraćate unatrag

on social progress.

s društvenim napretkom.

We don't want Brazil

Ne želimo da Brazil

to become like Russia.

postane kao Rusija.

What you really want is for Brazil

Ono što želite je da Brazil

to get ever more efficient at creating social progress from its GDP,

postane učinkovitiji u stvaranju društvenog napretka iz BDP-a,

kako bi postao više poput Novog Zelanda.

so it becomes more like New Zealand.

And what that means is that

I što to znači je da

Brazil needs to prioritize social progress

Brazil mora prioritizirati društveni napredak

in its development plan

u svojim planovima razvoja

and see that it's not just growth alone,

i uvidjeti da to nije samo rast,

it's growth with social progress.

već rast s društvenim napretkom.

And that's what the Social Progress Index does:

I to je ono što Indeks Društvenog Napretka čini:

It reframes the debate about development,

preoblikuje raspravu o razvoju,

not just about GDP alone,

ne radi se samo o BDP-u,

but inclusive, sustainable growth

već o uključivom, održivom razvoju

that brings real improvements in people's lives.

koji donosi stvarna poboljšanja u ljudske živote.

And it's not just about countries.

Ne radi se samo o zemljama.

Earlier this year,

Ranije ove godine,

with our friends from the Imazon nonprofit here in Brazil,

s našim prijateljima iz Imazona, neprofitne organizacije ovdje, u Brazilu,

we launched the first subnational Social Progress Index.

lansirali smo prvi subnacionalni Indeks Društvenog Napretka.

We did it for the Amazon region.

Učinili smo to za regiju Amazone.

It's an area the size of Europe, 24 million people,

To je područje veličine Europe, 24 milijuna ljudi,

one of the most deprived parts of the country.

jedan od najuskraćenijih dijelova zemlje.

And here are the results,

I ovdje su rezultati,

and this is broken down

razloženi

into nearly 800 different municipalities.

na 800 općina.

And with this detailed information

I s ovim detaljnim informacijama

about the real quality of life

o stvarnoj kvaliteti života

in this part of the country,

u ovom dijelu zemlje,

Imazon and other partners

Imazon i drugi partneri

from government, business and civil society

iz vlade, privrede i društva

can work together to construct

mogu raditi skupa kako bi stvorili

a development plan

plan razvoja

that will help really improve people's lives,

koji će pomoći poboljšati ljudske živote

while protecting that precious global asset

dok čuva dragocjenu globalnu imovinu

that is the Amazon Rainforest.

koja je Amazonska prašuma.

And this is just the beginning,

I ovo je tek početak.

You can create a Social Progress Index

Možete stvoriti Indeks Društvenog Napretka

for any state, region, city or municipality.

za bilo koju državu, regiju, grad ili općinu.

We all know and love TEDx;

Svi znamo i volimo TEDx;

this is Social Pogress-x.

Ovo je Društveni Napredak-x.

This is a tool for anyone to come and use.

Ovo je alat koji svatko može koristiti.

Contrary to the way we sometimes talk about it,

Suprotno onome kako nekad o tome pričamo,

GDP was not handed down from God on tablets of stone. (Laughter)

BDP nije dan od boga na kamenim pločama. (Smijeh)

It's a measurement tool invented in the 20th century

To je alat za mjerenje izmišljen u 20. stoljeću

to address the challenges of the 20th century.

za bavljenje problemima 20. stoljeća.

In the 21st century,

U 21. stoljeću,

we face new challenges:

suočeni smo s novim izazovima:

aging, obesity, climate change, and so on.

starenje, debljina, klimatske promjene, i tako dalje.

To face those challenges,

Kako bi se suočili s tim izazovima,

we need new tools of measurement,

trebamo nove alate za mjerenje,

new ways of valuing progress.

nove načine vrednovanja napretka.

Imagine if we could measure

Zamislite da možemo mjeriti

what nonprofits, charities,

što neprofitne udruge, humanitarne udruge,

volunteers, civil society organizations

volonteri, društvene organizacije

really contribute to our society.

zaista doprinose našem društvu.

Imagine if businesses competed

Zamislite da se poduzeća natječu

not just on the basis of their economic contribution,

ne samo na osnovi ekonomskog doprinosa,

but on their contribution to social progress.

već svog doprinosa društvenom napretku.

Imagine if we could hold politicians to account

Zamislite ako bismo političare mogli držati odgovornima

for really improving people's lives.

za stvarno poboljšanje ljudskih života.

Imagine if we could work together —

Zamislite da možemo raditi skupa —

government, business, civil society, me, you —

vlade, poduzeća, društvo, vi, ja —

and make this century the century of social progress.

i napraviti ovo stoljeće stoljećem društvenog napretka.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)