Chris Abani on the stories of Africa

35,376 views ใƒป 2007-08-09

TED


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Yasmine Al Fouzan ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Anwar Dafa-Alla
00:25
My search is always to find ways to chronicle,
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ุฅู†ู†ูŠ ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ุฃุจุญุซ ุนู† ุทุฑู‚ ุฃุณุฌู„ ููŠู‡ุงุŒ
00:30
to share and to document stories about people, just everyday people.
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ูˆุฃุดุงุฑูƒ ูˆุฃูˆุซู‘ู‚ ู‚ุตุต ุนู† ู†ุงุณุŒ ู†ุงุณ ุงุนุชูŠุงุฏูŠูŠู†.
00:35
Stories that offer transformation, that lean into transcendence,
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ู‚ุตุต ุชุนุฑุถ ุงู„ุชุญูˆู‘ู„ุŒ ูˆุชู…ูŠู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชููˆู‚ุŒ
00:40
but that are never sentimental,
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ูˆุฌุฏุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃุจุฏุงู‹ุŒ
00:42
that never look away from the darkest things about us.
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ูˆู„ุง ุชุบุถ ุจุตุฑู‡ุง ุนู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุณูˆุฏุงูˆูŠุฉ ููŠู†ุง.
00:46
Because I really believe that we're never more beautiful
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ู„ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ูุนู„ุงู‹ ุฃุคู…ู† ุฃู†ู†ุง ููŠ ู‚ู…ุฉ ุฌู…ุงู„ู†ุงุŒ
00:49
than when we're most ugly.
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ุญูŠู†ู…ุง ู†ูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู‚ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุจุญ.
00:51
Because that's really the moment we really know what we're made of.
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ู„ุฃู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ุจุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุจูŠู‘ู† ุฌูˆู‡ุฑู†ุง ูˆุญู‚ูŠู‚ุชู†ุง.
00:55
As Chris said, I grew up in Nigeria
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ูƒู…ุง ู‚ุงู„ ูƒุฑูŠุณุŒ ูุฅู†ูŠ ุชุฑุนุฑุนุช ููŠ ู†ูŠุฌูŠุฑูŠุง
01:00
with a whole generation -- in the '80s --
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ู…ุน ุฌูŠู„ ุจุฃูƒู…ู„ู‡ - ููŠ ุงู„ุซู…ุงู†ูŠู†ุงุช -
01:02
of students who were protesting a military dictatorship, which has finally ended.
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ุฌูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠุญุชุฌูˆู† ุถุฏ ุงู„ุฏูƒุชุงุชูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุณูƒุฑูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุงู†ุชู‡ุช ุฃุฎูŠุฑุงู‹.
01:08
So it wasn't just me, there was a whole generation of us.
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ูู„ู… ุฃูƒู† ู„ูˆุญุฏูŠุŒ ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฌูŠู„ ุจุฃูƒู…ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ู†ุงุณ ู…ุซู„ูŠ.
01:10
But what I've come to learn
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุนู„ู…ุชู‡ ู‡ูˆ
01:13
is that the world is never saved in grand messianic gestures,
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ุฃู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู„ู† ูŠุชู… ุฅู†ู‚ุงุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู…ุนุฌุฒุงุช ู…ุณูŠุญูŠุฉ ุถุฎู…ุฉ ุฃุจุฏุงู‹ุŒ
01:17
but in the simple accumulation of gentle, soft, almost invisible acts of compassion,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ูŠุชู… ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุชุฑุงูƒู… ุงู„ุจุณูŠุท ู„ุฃูุนุงู„ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ุทูŠูุฉ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุง ู†ูƒุงุฏ ู†ู„ุญุธู‡ุงุŒ
01:24
everyday acts of compassion.
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ุฃูุนุงู„ ุงุนุชูŠุงุฏูŠุฉุŒ ุชุฏู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ุฉ.
01:26
In South Africa, they have a phrase called Ubuntu.
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ููŠ ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุฅูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุงุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุชุฏุนู‰ "ุฃูˆุจูˆู†ุชูˆ".
01:33
Ubuntu comes out of a philosophy that says,
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"ุขูˆุจูˆู†ุชูˆ" ุชุฃุชูŠ ู…ู† ูู„ุณูุฉ ุชู†ุต ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ:
01:35
the only way for me to be human is for you to reflect
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ุฅู† ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุฃู† ุฃุตุจุญ ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุงู‹ุŒ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุชุนูƒุณ
01:39
my humanity back at me.
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ู„ูŠ ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠุชูŠ.
01:41
But if you're like me, my humanity is more like a window.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ุŒ ุฅู† ูƒู†ุชู… ู…ุซู„ูŠุŒ ูุฅู† ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠุชูŠ ุชุดุจู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงูุฐุฉ.
01:45
I don't really see it, I don't pay attention to it
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ู„ุง ุฃุฑุงู‡ุง ูุนู„ุงู‹ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุฃู„ุงุญุธู‡ุง
01:47
until there's, you know, like a bug that's dead on the window.
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู†... ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุดูŠุก ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุญุดุฑุฉ ู…ูŠุชุฉ.
01:50
Then suddenly I see it, and usually, it's never good.
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ูˆููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉุŒ ุฃุฑู‰ ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠุชูŠุŒ ูˆุนุงุฏุฉุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ุจุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุฌูŠู‘ุฏ.
01:54
It's usually when I'm cussing in traffic
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ุนุงุฏุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ูˆุฃู†ุง ุนุงู„ู‚ ููŠ ุฒุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุชุŒ ูˆุฃุณุจ
01:57
at someone who is trying to drive their car and drink coffee
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ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุฏุฉ ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠุดุฑุจ ุงู„ู‚ู‡ูˆุฉ
02:00
and send emails and make notes.
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ูˆูŠุฑุณู„ ุงู„ุฅูŠู…ูŠู„ุงุชุŒ ูˆูŠุณุฌู„ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุญุธุงุช.
02:04
So what Ubuntu really says
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ูุฅู† ู…ุง ุชุนู†ูŠู‡ "ุฃูˆุจูˆู†ุชูˆ" ุญู‚ุงู‹ ู‡ูˆ
02:07
is that there is no way for us to be human without other people.
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ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ูƒูˆู† ุฃู†ุงุณุงู‹ ุจุฏูˆู† ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุขุฎุฑูŠู†.
02:12
It's really very simple, but really very complicated.
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ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃู…ุฑ ุจุณูŠุท ุฌุฏุงู‹ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุนู‚ุฏ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹.
02:15
So, I thought I should start with some stories.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ููƒุฑุช ุฃู† ุฃุญูƒูŠ ู„ูƒู… ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู‚ุตุต...
02:18
I should tell you some stories about remarkable people,
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ู‚ุตุต ุนู† ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงุณุชุซู†ุงุฆูŠูŠู†ุŒ
02:20
so I thought I'd start with my mother.
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ูˆู„ู‡ุฐุง... ุณุฃุจุฏุฃ ุจู‚ุตุฉ ุนู† ูˆุงู„ุฏุชูŠ.
02:23
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
02:24
And she was dark, too.
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ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุณู…ุฑุงุกุŒ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹.
02:26
My mother was English.
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ูˆุงู„ุฏุชูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉุŒ
02:27
My parents met in Oxford in the '50s,
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ุงู„ุชู‚ู‰ ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠู‘ ููŠ ุฃูƒุณููˆุฑุฏุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณูŠู†ุงุชุŒ
02:29
and my mother moved to Nigeria and lived there.
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ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ุช ูˆุงู„ุฏุชูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ูŠุฌูŠุฑูŠุง.
02:31
She was five foot two, very feisty and very English.
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ูƒุงู† ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง 157 ุณู…ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุดุงูƒุณุฉ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹.
02:35
This is how English my mother is -- or was, she just passed.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฏู‰ ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠู‘ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฏุชูŠุŒ ุฃูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ูƒุฐู„ูƒ... ูุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชูˆููŠุช ู…ู† ูุชุฑุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ.
02:38
She came out to California, to Los Angeles, to visit me,
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ุฃุชุช ูˆุงู„ุฏุชูŠ ู„ุฒูŠุงุฑุชูŠ ููŠ ูƒุงู„ูŠููˆุฑู†ูŠุงุŒ ููŠ ู„ูˆุณ ุฃู†ุฌู„ุณุŒ
02:42
and we went to Malibu, which she thought was very disappointing.
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ูˆุฐู‡ุจู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุงู„ูŠุจูˆุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุฎูŠู‘ุจุช ุขู…ุงู„ ุฃู…ูŠ.
02:44
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
02:46
And then we went to a fish restaurant,
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ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ุฐู‡ุจู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุทุนู… ุณู…ูƒุŒ
02:48
and we had Chad, the surfer dude, serving us,
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ูˆู‚ุงู… (ุชุดุงุฏ) ุฑุงูƒุจ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุงุฌ ุจุชู‚ุฏูŠู… ุงู„ุทุนุงู… ู„ู†ุงุŒ
02:51
and he came up and my mother said,
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ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฃุชู‰ุŒ ู‚ุงู„ุช ูˆุงู„ุฏุชูŠ ู„ู‡:
02:53
"Do you have any specials, young man?"
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"ุฃูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุดุงุจุŒ ู‡ู„ ู„ุฏูŠูƒู… ุฃูŠ ุทุนุงู… ู…ู…ูŠุฒุŸ"
02:55
And Chad says, "Sure, like, we have this, like, salmon,
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ููŠู‚ูˆู„ (ุชุดุงุฏ): "ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏุŒ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง.. ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ
02:59
that's, like, rolled in this, like, wasabi, like, crust.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฃุชูŠ ู…ู„ููˆูุŒ ููŠ ู„ูุฉุŒ ุชุดุจู‡ ุงู„ูˆุงุณุงุจูŠุŒ
03:01
It's totally rad."
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ุฅู†ู‡ ูุนู„ุงู‹ ุฑุงุฆุน."
03:03
And my mother turned to me and said,
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ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุงู„ุชูุชุช ูˆุงู„ุฏุชูŠ ุฅู„ูŠ ูˆู‚ุงู„ุช:
03:06
"What language is he speaking?"
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"ุจุฃูŠ ู„ุบุฉ ูŠุชูƒู„ู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุงุจุŸ"
03:08
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
03:09
I said, "English, mum."
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ู‚ู„ุช ู„ู‡ุง: "ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉุŒ ูŠุง ุฃู…ูŠ."
03:11
And she shook her head and said,
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ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ู‚ุงู…ุช ุจู‡ุฒู‘ ุฑุฃุณู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู‚ุงู„ุช:
03:13
"Oh, these Americans. We gave them a language,
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"ุขู‡ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠูˆู†ุŒ ุฃุนุทูŠู†ุงู‡ู… ู„ุบุฉ
03:15
why don't they use it?"
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ูู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู†ู‡ุงุŸ"
03:17
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒุฉ)
03:23
So, this woman, who converted from the Church of England
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุบูŠู‘ุฑุช ู…ุฐู‡ุจู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู†ุฌู„ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ
03:27
to Catholicism when she married my father --
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุงุซูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุฒูˆู‘ุฌุช ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠ --
03:29
and there's no one more rabid than a Catholic convert --
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ูˆู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุฃูŠ ุฃุญุฏ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุนู†ูุงู‹ ู…ู† ู…ุนุชู†ู‚ ุงู„ูƒุงุซูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠุฉ --
03:33
decided to teach in the rural areas in Nigeria,
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ู‚ุฑุฑุช ุฃู† ุชุฏู‘ุฑุณ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ู‚ุฑูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ู†ูŠุฌูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ
03:37
particularly among Igbo women,
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ู†ุณุงุก ู‚ุจูŠู„ุฉ ุฅูŠุจูˆ ุจุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุฏุŒ
03:39
the Billings ovulation method,
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ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ (ุจูŠู„ูŠู†ุบุฒ) ู„ู„ุฅุจุงุถุฉุŒ
03:41
which was the only approved birth control by the Catholic Church.
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ูˆุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู†ุณู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูˆุงูู‚ุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ูƒู†ูŠุณุฉ ุงู„ูƒุงุซูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠุฉ.
03:45
But her Igbo wasn't too good.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ู„ู… ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุฌูŠุฏ ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅูŠุจูˆุŒ
03:49
So she took me along to translate.
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ูู‚ุงู…ุช ุจุฃุฎุฐูŠ ู…ุนู‡ุง ู„ุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ู†ุณุงุกุŒ
03:51
I was seven.
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ูˆูƒุงู† ุนู…ุฑูŠ ุณุจุน ุณู†ูˆุงุช.
03:53
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
03:54
So, here are these women,
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ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุงุŒ ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก
03:56
who never discuss their period with their husbands,
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ุงู„ู„ุงุชูŠ ู„ุง ูŠู†ุงู‚ุดู† ุฏูˆุฑุชู‡ู† ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑูŠุฉ ู…ุน ุฃุฒูˆุงุฌู‡ู† ุญุชู‰ุŒ
03:59
and here I am telling them, "Well, how often do you get your period?"
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ูˆุฃู†ุง ูƒู†ุช ุฃุณุฃู„ู‡ู…ุŒ "ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ู‡ู„ ุฏูˆุฑุชูƒ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑูŠุฉ ู…ู†ุชุธู…ุฉุŸ"
04:03
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
04:04
And, "Do you notice any discharges?"
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ูˆ"ู‡ู„ ุชู„ุงุญุธูŠู† ุฃูŠ ุฅูุฑุงุฒุงุชุŸ"
04:06
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
04:07
And, "How swollen is your vulva?"
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ูˆ"ู…ุง ู…ุฏู‰ ุชูˆู‘ุฑู… ู…ู†ุทู‚ุชูƒ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉุŸ"
04:09
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
04:14
She never would have thought of herself as a feminist,
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ูˆุงู„ุฏุชูŠ ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ุชุนุชุจุฑ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฃู†ุตุงุฑ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุชุญุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉุŒ
04:17
my mother, but she always used to say,
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ุชู‚ูˆู„:
04:20
"Anything a man can do, I can fix."
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"ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ูŠูุนู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ุŒ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠ ุฅุตู„ุงุญู‡."
04:23
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
04:30
And when my father complained about this situation,
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ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒุงู† ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠ ูŠุชุดูƒู‰ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ
04:35
where she's taking a seven-year-old boy
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฃุฎุฐุช ู‡ูŠ ุทูู„ ุนู…ุฑู‡ ุณุจุน ุณู†ูˆุงุชุŒ
04:37
to teach this birth control, you know,
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ู„ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุณ ุนู† ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู†ุณู„ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ
04:39
he used to say, "Oh, you're turning him into --
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ูƒุงู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„: "ุฅู†ูƒ ุณุชุญูˆู„ูŠู†ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅู…ุฑุฃุฉุŒ
04:41
you're teaching him how to be a woman."
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ุฅู†ูƒ ุชุนู„ู…ูŠู†ู‡ ูƒูŠู ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู…ุฑุฃุฉ."
04:43
My mother said, "Someone has to."
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ู‚ุงู„ุช ูˆุงู„ุฏุชูŠ: "ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุญุฏ ุฃู† ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุฐู„ูƒ."
04:45
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
04:46
This woman -- during the Biafran war,
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉ - ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุญุฑุจ ุจูŠุงูุฑุงุŒ
04:50
we were caught in the war.
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ูƒู†ุง ุนุงู„ู‚ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฑุจุŒ
04:52
It was my mother with five little children.
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ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃู…ูŠ ูˆู…ุนู‡ุง ุฎู…ุณ ุฃุทูุงู„.
04:55
It takes her one year, through refugee camp after refugee camp,
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ุฃุฎุฐ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุณู†ุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉุŒ ุงู„ุชู†ู‚ู„ ู…ู† ู…ุฎูŠู… ู„ู„ุงุฌุฆูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุขุฎุฑุŒ
04:58
to make her way to an airstrip where we can fly out of the country.
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ู„ูƒูŠ ุชุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ู‚ุฑ ู‡ุจูˆุท ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุงุช ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฏ.
05:00
At every single refugee camp, she has to face off soldiers
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ูˆููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฎูŠู…ุŒ ุฅุถุทุฑุช ุฃู† ุชูˆุงุฌู‡ ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุฏ
05:06
who want to take my elder brother Mark, who was nine,
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุฃุฑุงุฏูˆุง ุฃู† ูŠุฃุฎุฐูˆุง ุฃุฎูŠ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ ู…ุงุฑูƒุŒ ุฐูˆ ุงู„ุชุณุน ุณู†ูŠู†
05:08
and make him a boy soldier.
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ูˆุฌุนู„ู‡ ุฌู†ุฏูŠ.
05:10
Can you imagine this five-foot-two woman,
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ู‡ู„ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒ ุชุฎูŠู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง 157 ุณู…ุŒ
05:12
standing up to men with guns who want to kill us?
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชูˆุงุฌู‡ ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู…ุนู‡ู… ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ูˆูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ู‚ุชู„ู†ุงุŸ
05:16
All through that one year,
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ูˆุทูˆุงู„ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉุŒ
05:18
my mother never cried one time, not once.
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ูˆุงู„ุฏุชูŠ ู„ู… ุชุจูƒูŠ ุฃุจุฏุงู‹ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ.
05:21
But when we were in Lisbon, in the airport,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู„ุดุจูˆู†ุฉุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุทุงุฑุŒ
05:23
about to fly to England,
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ูˆู†ุญู† ููŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุฌู„ุชุฑุงุŒ
05:25
this woman saw my mother wearing this dress,
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ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉุŒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ู…ุญุช ุฃู…ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ูุณุชุงู†
05:28
which had been washed so many times it was basically see through,
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‚ุฏ ุบูุณู„ ู…ุฑุงุฑุงู‹ ูˆุชูƒุฑุงุฑุงู‹ุŒ ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุตุจุญ ุดูุงูุงู‹ุŒ
05:32
with five really hungry-looking kids,
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ูˆู…ุนู‡ุง ุฎู…ุณ ุฃุทูุงู„ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุฌูˆุนุŒ
05:35
came over and asked her what had happened.
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ูุฃุชุช ุฅู„ูŠู†ุง ูˆุณุฃู„ุช ูˆุงู„ุฏุชูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุญุฏุซุŒ
05:37
And she told this woman.
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ูˆุฃุฎุจุฑุช ุฃู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉุŒ
05:38
And so this woman emptied out her suitcase
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ูู‚ุงู…ุช ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉ ุจุฅูุฑุงุบ ุญู‚ูŠุจุชู‡ุงุŒ
05:40
and gave all of her clothes to my mother, and to us,
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ูˆุฃุนุทุช ูƒู„ ู…ู„ุงุจุณู‡ุง ู„ูˆุงู„ุฏุชูŠ ูˆู„ู†ุงุŒ
05:43
and the toys of her kids, who didn't like that very much, but --
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ูˆุญุชู‰ ุฃู„ุนุงุจ ุฃุทูุงู„ู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุงุณุชุงุคูˆุง ู„ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† --
05:46
(Laughter) --
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(ุถุญูƒ)
05:47
that was the only time she cried.
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ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุจูƒุช ููŠู‡ุง.
05:50
And I remember years later, I was writing about my mother,
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ูˆุฃุชุฐูƒุฑ ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุณู†ูŠู† ู…ู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญุงุฏุซุฉุŒ ูƒู†ุช ุฃูƒุชุจ ุนู† ูˆุงู„ุฏุชูŠุŒ
05:52
and I asked her, "Why did you cry then?"
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ูˆุณุฃู„ุชู‡ุงุŒ "ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุจูƒูŠุชูŠ ุญูŠู†ู‡ุงุŸ"
05:54
And she said, "You know, you can steel your heart
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ู‚ุงู„ุช, "ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุญุตู‘ู† ู‚ู„ุจูƒ ูˆุชุญู…ูŠู‡
05:57
against any kind of trouble, any kind of horror.
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ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูˆุงุฌู‡ูƒุŒ ู…ู† ุฃูŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุนุจ.
06:00
But the simple act of kindness from a complete stranger
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ุŒ ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุทูŠุจุฉ ุชุฌุงู‡ูƒุŒ ู…ู† ุดุฎุต ุบุฑูŠุจ
06:05
will unstitch you."
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ูุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุญุฑุฑูƒ."
06:11
The old women in my father's village, after this war had happened,
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ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ุงู„ู…ุณู†ู‘ุงุช ููŠ ู‚ุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠุŒ ุจุนุฏ ุฃู† ู‚ุงู…ุช ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญุฑุจุŒ
06:15
memorized the names of every dead person,
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ู‚ู…ู† ุจุญูุธ ุฅุณู… ูƒู„ ุดุฎุต ู…ูŠู‘ุชุŒ
06:18
and they would sing these dirges, made up of these names.
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ูˆูƒู†ู‘ ูŠุบู†ูŠู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุบุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุญุฒูŠู†ุฉุŒ ุงู„ู…ุคู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงุก.
06:25
Dirges so melancholic that they would scorch you.
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ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃู„ุญุงู† ููŠ ู‚ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุงูˆูŠุฉุŒ ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุญุฑู‚ูƒ.
06:27
And they would sing them only when they planted the rice,
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ูˆูƒู† ูŠุบู†ูŠู†ู‡ุง ูู‚ุท ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุฒุฑุนู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุฒุŒ
06:31
as though they were seeding the hearts of the dead
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ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ู† ูŠุฒุฑุนู† ู‚ู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุชู‰ุŒ
06:33
into the rice.
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ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุฒ.
06:35
But when it came for harvest time,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุญูŠู† ูŠุฃุชูŠ ู…ูˆุณู… ุงู„ุญุตุฏุŒ
06:37
they would sing these joyful songs,
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ูุฅู†ู‡ู† ูƒู† ูŠุบู†ู† ุฃุบุงู†ูŠ ู…ุฑุญุฉุŒ
06:39
that were made up of the names of every child
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ู…ุคู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุฅุณู… ูƒู„ ุทูู„
06:41
who had been born that year.
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ูˆู‹ู„ุฏ ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ.
06:44
And then the next planting season, when they sang the dirge,
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ูˆููŠ ู…ูˆุณู… ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู„ูŠ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุญูŠู†ู…ุง ูŠุบู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุบุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุญุฒูŠู†ุฉุŒ
06:48
they would remove as many names of the dead
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ูŠู‚ู„ู„ูˆู† ู…ู† ุฃุณู…ุงุก ุงู„ู…ูˆุชู‰ุŒ
06:51
that equaled as many people that were born.
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ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุณู…ุงุก ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูˆู„ุฏูˆุง ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณู….
06:53
And in this way, these women enacted a lot of transformation,
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ูˆุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ุฃุญุฏุซู† ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุญูˆู„ุŒ
06:59
beautiful transformation.
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ุงู„ุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠู„.
07:01
Did you know, that before the genocide in Rwanda,
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ู‡ู„ ูƒู†ุชู… ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู† ุฃู†ู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ุญุงุฏุซุฉ ุงู„ุฅุจุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุงุนูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฑูˆุงู†ุฏุง
07:05
the word for rape and the word for marriage
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ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนู†ูŠ "ุงุบุชุตุงุจ"ุŒ ูˆุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนู†ูŠ "ุฒูˆุงุฌ"
07:08
was the same one?
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ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŸ
07:11
But today, women are rebuilding Rwanda.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ุฅู† ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ู‡ู† ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุนูŠุฏูˆู† ุจู†ุงุก ุฑูˆุงู†ุฏุง.
07:15
Did you also know that after apartheid,
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ูˆู‡ู„ ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู† ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุญูƒู… ุงู„ูุตู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠุŒ
07:18
when the new government went into the parliament houses,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู‚ุงู…ุช ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ุฏุฎูˆู„ ููŠ ุจูŠูˆุช ุงู„ุจุฑู„ู…ุงู†ุŒ
07:20
there were no female toilets in the building?
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ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูŠ ู…ุฑุงุญูŠุถ ู„ู„ู†ุณุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ุŸ
07:24
Which would seem to suggest that apartheid
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ูˆู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ูุตู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠ
07:26
was entirely the business of men.
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ูƒุงู† ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„.
07:29
All of this to say, that despite the horror, and despite the death,
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ูˆูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุจุฃู†ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุนุจุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุชุŒ
07:33
women are never really counted.
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ูุฅู† ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ู„ุง ูŠุชู… ุนุฏู‘ู‡ู† ุฃุจุฏุงู‹.
07:36
Their humanity never seems to matter very much to us.
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ุฃู† ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠุชู‡ู† ู„ุง ุชู‡ู… ู„ู†ุง ูƒุซูŠุฑุงู‹.
07:41
When I was growing up in Nigeria --
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ููŠ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ูุชุฑุฉ ู†ุดุฃุชูŠ ููŠ ู†ูŠุฌูŠุฑูŠุง --
07:44
and I shouldn't say Nigeria, because that's too general,
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ูˆูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠ ุฃู„ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู†ูŠุฌูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุนุงู… ุฌุฏุงู‹ุŒ
07:46
but in Afikpo, the Igbo part of the country where I'm from --
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุฃูˆุฑู‡ูˆุจูˆุŒ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฅูŠุจูˆูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃู†ุชู…ูŠ ู„ู‡ุงุŒ
07:49
there were always rites of passage for young men.
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ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุทู‚ูˆุณ ู…ุฎุตุตุฉ ู„ู„ุดุจุงุจุŒ
07:52
Men were taught to be men in the ways in which we are not women,
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ูƒุงู† ูŠู‚ุงู… ููŠู‡ุง ุชุนู„ูŠู…ู‡ู… ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฑุฌุงู„ุงู‹ ูˆุฃู† ูŠุจุนุฏูˆุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ุจุนุฏ ุนู† ุงู„ู†ุณุงุกุŒ
07:56
that's essentially what it is.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃุณุงุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทู‚ูˆุณ.
07:58
And a lot of rituals involved killing, killing little animals,
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ูˆูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทู‚ูˆุณ ุดู…ู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุชู„ุŒ ู‚ุชู„ ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุตุบูŠุฑุฉุŒ
08:02
progressing along, so when I turned 13 --
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ูˆุงุณุชู…ุฑูŠุช ุฃู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุจู„ุบุช ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ุนุดุฑ ู…ู† ุนู…ุฑูŠุŒ
08:04
and, I mean, it made sense, it was an agrarian community,
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ูˆูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุฃุตุจุญ ูˆุงุถุญุงู‹ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠุŒ ูƒุงู† ู…ุฌุชู…ุนู†ุง ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุฒุฑุงุนูŠุŒ
08:07
somebody had to kill the animals,
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ูˆูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุญุฏ ู…ุง ุฃู† ูŠู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุชุŒ
08:09
there was no Whole Foods you could go and get kangaroo steak at --
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ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุบุฐุงุฆูŠุฉ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ู„ุญู… ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒู†ุบุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ุงุŒ
08:12
so when I turned 13, it was my turn now to kill a goat.
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ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุจู„ุบุช ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ุนุดุฑ ู…ู† ุนู…ุฑูŠุŒ ุฃุชู‰ ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ู„ู‚ุชู„ ู…ุงุนุฒ.
08:17
And I was this weird, sensitive kid, who couldn't really do it,
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ูˆูƒู†ุช ุทูู„ุงู‹ ุบุฑูŠุจุงู‹ุŒ ูˆุญุณุงุณุงู‹ุŒ ูˆู„ู… ุฃุณุชุทุน ูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
08:21
but I had to do it.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠ ูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ.
08:23
And I was supposed to do this alone.
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ูƒุงู† ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠ ูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ... ูˆุฃู†ุง ู„ูˆุญุฏูŠ.
08:25
But a friend of mine, called Emmanuel,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠ ุตุฏูŠู‚ุŒ ุฅุณู…ู‡ ุฅู…ุงู†ูˆูŠู„ุŒ
08:27
who was significantly older than me,
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ูˆูƒุงู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†ูŠ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ
08:29
who'd been a boy soldier during the Biafran war,
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ูˆูƒุงู† ุฌู†ุฏูŠุงู‹ ููŠ ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุจูŠุงูุฑุงุŒ
08:31
decided to come with me.
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ู‚ุฑุฑ ุฃู† ูŠุฃุชูŠ ู…ุนูŠ.
08:34
Which sort of made me feel good,
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฌุนู„ู†ูŠ ุฃุทู…ุฆู†ุŒ
08:37
because he'd seen a lot of things.
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‚ุฏ ุฑุฃู‰ ุฃุดูŠุงุกู‹ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ.
08:39
Now, when I was growing up, he used to tell me
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒู†ุช ุตุบูŠุฑุงู‹ุŒ ูƒุงู† ูŠุญูƒูŠ ู„ูŠ
08:41
stories about how he used to bayonet people,
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ู‚ุตุตุงู‹ ุนู† ูƒูŠู ูƒุงู† ูŠุทุนู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุงู„ุญุฑุจุฉุŒ
08:43
and their intestines would fall out, but they would keep running.
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ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุฃู…ุนุงุฆู‡ู… ุชุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุฃุฌูˆุงูู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ู… ูŠุณุชู…ุฑูˆู† ุจุงู„ุฑูƒุถ.
08:46
So, this guy comes with me.
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ูุฃุชู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุงุจ ู…ุนูŠุŒ
08:49
And I don't know if you've ever heard a goat, or seen one --
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ูˆุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ุฃุนุฑู ุฅู† ูƒู†ุชู… ู‚ุฏ ุณู…ุนุชู… ุตูˆุช ุงู„ู…ุงุนุฒ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ุŒ ุฃูˆ ุฑุฃูŠุชู…ูˆู‡ุงุŒ
08:52
they sound like human beings,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃุตูˆุงุชู‡ู… ูƒุฃุตูˆุงุช ุงู„ุจุดุฑุŒ
08:54
that's why we call tragedies "a song of a goat."
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ูˆู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุจุจ ู†ุญู† ู†ุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุขุณูŠ "ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุนุฒ".
08:57
My friend Brad Kessler says that we didn't become human
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ุตุฏูŠู‚ูŠ ุจุฑุงุฏ ูƒูŠุณู„ุฑ ู‚ุงู„ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู„ู… ู†ุตุจุญ ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠูŠู†
09:02
until we started keeping goats.
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ุฅู„ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ุจุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุนุฒ.
09:04
Anyway, a goat's eyes are like a child's eyes.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุญุงู„ุŒ ุฃุนูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุงุนุฒ ุชุดุจู‡ ุฃุนูŠู† ุงู„ุทูู„.
09:09
So when I tried to kill this goat and I couldn't,
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ูุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุญุงูˆู„ุช ุฃู† ุฃู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ู…ุงุนุฒ ูˆู„ู… ุฃุณุชุทุน ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
09:11
Emmanuel bent down, he puts his hand over the mouth of the goat,
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ู‚ุงู… ุฅู…ุงู†ูŠูˆู„ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุญู†ุงุกุŒ ูˆูˆุถุน ูŠุฏู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ูู… ุงู„ู…ุงุนุฒุŒ
09:16
covers its eyes, so I don't have to look into them,
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ูˆุบุทู‰ ุนูŠู†ูŠู‡ุง ู„ูƒูŠ ู„ุง ุฃุฑุงู‡ู…ุงุŒ
09:19
while I kill the goat.
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ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃู‚ุชู„ู‡ุง.
09:22
It didn't seem like a lot, for this guy who'd seen so much,
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ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุฐูˆ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุงุจ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฑุฃู‰ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ
09:26
and to whom the killing of a goat must have seemed
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู‡ุŒ ู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ู…ุงุนุฒุŒ ุจุฏุง
09:28
such a quotidian experience,
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ูƒุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ูŠูˆู…ูŠุฉ ุงุนุชูŠุงุฏูŠุฉ.
09:30
still found it in himself to try to protect me.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุจุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุญุงูˆู„ ุญู…ุงูŠุชูŠ.
09:36
I was a wimp.
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ูƒู†ุช ุถุนูŠูุงู‹.
09:38
I cried for a very long time.
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ุจูƒูŠุช ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ.
09:40
And afterwards, he didn't say a word.
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ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู„ู… ูŠุชู„ูุธ ุจูƒู„ู…ุฉุŒ
09:42
He just sat there watching me cry for an hour.
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ุจู„ ุฌู„ุณ ูˆุฑุงู‚ุจู†ูŠ ุฃุจูƒูŠ ู„ุณุงุนุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ.
09:44
And then afterwards he said to me,
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ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠุŒ
09:46
"It will always be difficult, but if you cry like this every time,
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ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ุตุนุจุงู‹ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฅู† ุจูƒูŠุช ู‡ูƒุฐุง ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉุŒ
09:51
you will die of heartbreak.
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ุณุชู…ูˆุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุณุฑุฉ.
09:53
Just know that it is enough sometimes
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ูู‚ุท ุฅุนู„ู… ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠูƒููŠ ุจุฃู†ูƒ
09:56
to know that it is difficult."
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ุชุฏุฑูƒ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃู…ุฑ ุตุนุจ.
10:01
Of course, talking about goats makes me think of sheep,
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ุจุงู„ุทุจุนุŒ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุงุนุฒ ูŠุฌุนู„ู†ูŠ ุฃุชุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ุฎุฑูุงู†ุŒ
10:04
and not in good ways.
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ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ุทูŠูุฉ.
10:06
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
10:08
So, I was born two days after Christmas.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูˆูู„ุฏุช ุจุนุฏ ุนูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ุงุฏ (ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุณู…ุงุณ) ุจูŠูˆู…ูŠู†.
10:12
So growing up, you know, I had a cake and everything,
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ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุนูŠุฏ ู…ูŠู„ุงุฏ ู„ูŠุŒ ุฃุญุถุฑูˆุง ู„ูŠ ูƒุนูƒุฉุŒ
10:15
but I never got any presents, because, born two days after Christmas.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ู„ู… ุฃุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฏุงูŠุงู‹ ุฃุจุฏุงู‹ุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏ ูˆู„ุฏุช ุจุนุฏ (ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุณู…ุงุณ) ุจูŠูˆู…ูŠู†.
10:20
So, I was about nine, and my uncle had just come back from Germany,
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ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุชุงุณุนุฉ ู…ู† ุนู…ุฑูŠุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ุนู…ูŠ ู„ู„ุชูˆู‘ ู‚ุฏ ุนุงุฏ ู…ู† ุฃู„ู…ุงู†ูŠุงุŒ
10:23
and we had the Catholic priest over,
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ูˆูƒุงู† ููŠ ู…ู†ุฒู„ู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุงู‡ู† ุงู„ูƒุงุซูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠุŒ
10:26
my mother was entertaining him with tea.
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ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุฃู…ูŠ ุชุณู„ูŠู‡ ุจุจุนุถ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุงูŠุŒ
10:28
And my uncle suddenly says, "Where are Chris' presents?"
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ูˆูุฌุฃุฉุŒ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุนู…ูŠ, "ุฃูŠู† ู‡ุฏุงูŠุง ูƒุฑูŠุณุŸ"
10:32
And my mother said, "Don't talk about that in front of guests."
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ูู‚ุงู„ุช ุฃู…ูŠ, "ู„ุง ุชุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู…ุงู… ุงู„ุถูŠูˆู."
10:36
But he was desperate to show that he'd just come back,
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ูŠุงุฆุณุงู‹ ู„ูŠุฑูŠู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ู‚ุฏ ุนุงุฏ ุฃุฎูŠุฑุงู‹ุŒ
10:39
so he summoned me up, and he said,
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ูู‚ุงู… ุจู…ู†ุงุฏุงุชูŠุŒ ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠุŒ
10:41
"Go into the bedroom, my bedroom.
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"ุฅุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุบุฑูุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆู…ุŒ ุบุฑูุฉ ู†ูˆู…ูŠ.
10:43
Take anything you want out of the suitcase.
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ูˆุฎุฐ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ุชุฑูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠุจุฉ.
10:45
It's your birthday present."
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู‡ุฏูŠุฉ ุนูŠุฏ ู…ูŠู„ุงุฏูƒ."
10:47
I'm sure he thought I'd take a book or a shirt,
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ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุชูˆู‚ุน ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุณุขุฎุฐ ูƒุชุงุจุงู‹ ุฃูˆ ู‚ู…ูŠุตุงู‹ุŒ
10:49
but I found an inflatable sheep.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ูŠ ูˆุฌุฏุช ู„ุนุจุฉ ุฎุฑูˆูุŒ ู‚ุงุจู„ ู„ู„ู†ูุฎุŒ
10:52
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
10:58
So, I blew it up and ran into the living room,
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ูู‚ู…ุช ุจู†ูุฎู‡ุŒ ูˆุฑูƒุถุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุบุฑูุฉ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆุณุŒ
11:00
my finger where it shouldn't have been,
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ูˆุฃู†ุง ูˆุงุถุน ุงุตุจุนูŠ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ุบูŠุฑ ู„ุงุฆู‚ุŒ
11:02
I was waving this buzzing sheep around,
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ูˆุฃู„ูˆู‘ุญ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎุฑูˆู ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉุŒ
11:05
and my mother looked like she was going to die of shock.
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ูˆุจุฏุช ุฃู…ูŠ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง ุณุชู…ูˆุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุฏู…ุฉ.
11:08
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
11:11
And Father McGetrick was completely unflustered,
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ูˆุงู„ูƒุงู‡ู† (ู…ูƒุฌูŠุชุฑูƒ) ูƒุงู† ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุฒุนุฌุงู‹ ุงู„ุจุชุฉุŒ
11:14
just stirred his tea and looked at my mother and said,
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ูู‚ุงู… ุจุชุญุฑูŠูƒ ุงู„ุดุงูŠุŒ ูˆู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู…ูŠุŒ ูˆู‚ุงู„ุŒ
11:16
"It's all right Daphne, I'm Scottish."
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"ู„ุง ุจุฃุณ ูŠุง ุฏุงูู†ูŠุŒ ุฅู†ู†ูŠ ุงุณูƒุชู„ู†ุฏูŠ."
11:19
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
11:21
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
11:35
My last days in prison, the last 18 months,
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ููŠ ุขุฎุฑ ุฃูŠุงู…ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุฌู†ุŒ ุขุฎุฑ 18 ุดู‡ุฑุŒ
11:41
my cellmate -- for the last year, the first year of the last 18 months --
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ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุขุฎุฑ 18 ุดู‡ุฑุŒ
11:45
my cellmate was 14 years old.
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ูƒุงู† ุฑููŠู‚ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฒู†ุฒุงู†ุฉ ูŠุจู„ุบ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ 14 ุณู†ุฉุŒ
11:48
The name was John James,
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ูˆุงุณู…ู‡ ูƒุงู† ุฌูˆู† ุฌูŠู…ุฒุŒ
11:51
and in those days, if a family member committed a crime,
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ูˆููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู…ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุงู‚ุชุฑู ุฃุญุฏ ุฃูุฑุงุฏ ุนุงุฆู„ุชูƒ ุฌุฑูŠู…ุฉุŒ
11:55
the military would hold you as ransom
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ูุฅู† ุงู„ุฌูŠุด ุณูŠุญุชุฌุฒูƒ ูƒูุฏูŠุฉุŒ
11:58
till your family turned themselves in.
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ุญุชู‰ ูŠุณู„ู… ุงู„ู…ุฌุฑู… ู…ู† ุนุงุฆู„ุชูƒ ู†ูุณู‡.
12:00
So, here was this 14-year-old kid on death row.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุงุจ - ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุจู„ุบ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ 14 ุณู†ุฉ - ูƒุงู† ู…ุญูƒูˆู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุฅุนุฏุงู…ุŒ
12:03
And not everybody on death row was a political prisoner.
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ูˆู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู…ุญูƒูˆู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุจุงู„ุฅุนุฏุงู… ู…ุณุฌูˆู†ูˆู† ู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุณูŠุงุณูŠุฉุŒ
12:05
There were some really bad people there.
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ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃู†ุงุณ ุดุฑูŠุฑูˆู†.
12:08
And he had smuggled in two comics, two comic books --
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ู‚ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุงุจ ุจุชู‡ุฑูŠุจ ู‚ุตุชูŠู† ู…ุตูˆุฑุชูŠู†ุŒ
12:11
"Spiderman" and "X-Men."
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ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ุนู†ูƒุจูˆุช (ุณุจุงูŠุฏุฑ ู…ุงู†)ุŒ ูˆ (ุฅูƒุณ ู…ูู†).
12:13
He was obsessed.
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ูƒุงู† ู…ู‡ูˆูˆุณุงู‹.
12:14
And when he got tired of reading them,
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ูˆู„ู…ุง ุณุฃู… ู‚ุฑุงุฆุชู‡ู†ุŒ
12:16
he started to teach the men in death row how to read,
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ู‚ุงู… ุจุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุญูƒูˆู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุจุงู„ุฅุนุฏุงู… ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉุŒ
12:20
with these comic books.
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ุจุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุตุต ุงู„ู…ุตูˆุฑุฉ.
12:22
And so, I remember night after night,
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ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุงุŒ ุฃุชุฐูƒุฑ... ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุจุนุฏ ู„ูŠู„ุฉุŒ
12:26
you'd hear all these men, these really hardened criminals,
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ุฃุณู…ุน ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ุŒ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฌุฑู…ูˆู† ุงู„ู‚ุงุณูˆู†ุŒ
12:28
huddled around John James, reciting, "Take that, Spidey!"
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ูˆู‡ู… ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูˆู† ุญูˆู„ ุฌูˆู† ุฌูŠู…ุฒุŒ ูŠุฑุฏุฏูˆู†ุŒ "ุฎุฐุŒ ุฃูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุนู†ูƒุจูˆุช!"
12:33
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
12:35
It's incredible.
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ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠูุตุฏู‘ู‚.
12:38
I was really worried.
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ูƒู†ุช ู‚ู„ู‚ุงู‹ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ.
12:40
He didn't know what death row meant.
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ูุฅู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ูŠุนู„ู… ู…ุง ู…ุนู†ู‰ "ู…ุญูƒูˆู… ุจุงู„ุฅุนุฏุงู…".
12:42
I'd been there twice,
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ูู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ู…ุญูƒูˆู…ุงู‹ ุนู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ุฅุนุฏุงู… ู…ุฑุชูŠู†ุŒ
12:44
and I was terribly afraid that I was going to die.
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ูˆูƒู†ุช ุฎุงุฆูุงู‹ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุช.
12:46
And he would always laugh, and say,
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ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠุถุญูƒ ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ุŒ ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ุŒ
12:48
"Come on, man, we'll make it out."
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"ู„ุง ุชู‚ู„ู‚ ูŠุง ุฑุฌู„ุŒ ูุฅู†ู†ุง ุณู†ู†ุฌูˆ."
12:50
Then I'd say, "How do you know?"
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ูˆุญูŠู†ู‡ุง ุฃุณุฃู„ุŒ "ูƒูŠู ุชุนุฑู ุฐู„ูƒุŸ"
12:52
And he said, "Oh, I heard it on the grapevine."
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ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ุŒ "ู„ู‚ุฏ ุณู…ุนุชู‡ู… ูŠุชุญุฏุซูˆู† ุนู† ุฐู„ูƒ."
12:56
They killed him.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ู‚ุชู„ูˆู‡.
12:58
They handcuffed him to a chair,
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ู‚ุงู…ูˆุง ุจุชู‚ูŠูŠุฏ ูŠุฏูŠู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒุฑุณูŠุŒ
13:01
and they tacked his penis to a table with a six-inch nail,
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ูˆุจุฏู‚ ู…ุณู…ุงุฑ ุทูˆู„ู‡ 15 ุณู… ููŠ ุนุถูˆู‡ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุงูˆู„ุฉ.
13:07
then left him there to bleed to death.
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ูˆุชุฑูƒูˆู‡ ูŠู†ุฒู ุญุชู‰ ู…ุงุช.
13:10
That's how I ended up in solitary, because I let my feelings be known.
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ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุงู†ุชู‡ู‰ ุจูŠ ุงู„ู…ุทุงู ุฃู† ุฃูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุณุฌู† ุงู„ุฅู†ูุฑุงุฏูŠุŒ ู„ุฃู†ูŠ ุฃุธู‡ุฑุช ู…ุดุงุนุฑูŠ.
13:19
All around us, everywhere, there are people like this.
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ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู† ุญูˆู„ู†ุงุŒ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุฃู†ุงุณ ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก.
13:24
The Igbo used to say that they built their own gods.
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ู‚ุจูŠู„ุฉ ุฅูŠุบุจูˆ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† ุฃู†ู‡ู… ุจู†ูˆุง ุขู„ู‡ุชู‡ู… ุจุฃู†ูุณู‡ู….
13:30
They would come together as a community,
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ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠุฌุชู…ุนูˆู† ู…ุนุงู‹ุŒ
13:32
and they would express a wish.
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ูˆูŠุนุฑุจูˆู† ุนู† ุฃู…ู†ูŠุชู‡ู…ุŒ
13:35
And their wish would then be brought to a priest,
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ูˆุฃู…ู†ูŠุชู‡ู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุณู„ู‘ู… ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒุงู‡ู†ุŒ
13:37
who would find a ritual object,
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒุงู‡ู† ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุฅูŠุฌุงุฏ ุงู„ุทู‚ูˆุณ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุฆู…ุฉุŒ
13:40
and the appropriate sacrifices would be made,
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ูˆุชู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุชุถุญูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉุŒ
13:42
and the shrine would be built for the god.
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ูˆุจุนุฏ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ูŠุชู… ุจู†ุงุก ุถุฑูŠุญ ู„ู„ุฅู„ู‡.
13:45
But if the god became unruly and began to ask for human sacrifice,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ู‚ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู„ู‡ ุจุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุบูŠุฑ ุนุงุฏู„ุฉุŒ ูˆุจุฏุฃ ูŠุทู„ุจ ุชุถุญูŠุฉ ุจุดุฑูŠุฉุŒ
13:50
the Igbos would destroy the god.
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ูุฅู† ุงู„ุฅูŠุบุจูˆ ูŠุฏู…ุฑูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู„ู‡.
13:52
They would knock down the shrine,
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ูŠู‡ุฏู…ูˆู† ุถุฑูŠุญู‡ุŒ
13:55
and they would stop saying the god's name.
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ูˆูŠุชูˆู‚ููˆู† ุนู† ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅุณู…ู‡.
13:57
This is how they came to reclaim their humanity.
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ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ูŠุณุชุนูŠุฏูˆู† ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠุชู‡ู….
14:02
Every day, all of us here,
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ุฌู…ูŠุนู†ุงุŒ ููŠ ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู…ุŒ
14:04
we're building gods that have gone rampant,
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ู†ุจู†ูŠ ุงู„ุขู„ู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุฏ ู‡ุงุฌุชุŒ
14:07
and it's time we started knocking them down
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ูˆุงู„ุขู† ุญุงู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู„ูƒูŠ ู†ู‡ุฏู…ู‡ู…ุŒ
14:10
and forgetting their names.
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ูˆู†ู†ุณู‰ ุฃุณู…ุงุฆู‡ู….
14:13
It doesn't require a tremendous thing.
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ุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู„ุง ูŠุชุทู„ุจ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ.
14:16
All it requires is to recognize among us, every day --
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ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูŠุชุทู„ุจ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุŒ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ู…ุง ุญูˆู„ู†ุงุŒ ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู…ุŒ
14:20
the few of us that can see -- are surrounded by people
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ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ูˆู† ู…ู†ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠู‚ุฏุฑูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุคูŠุฉุŒ ูุฅู†ู†ุง ู…ุญุงุทูˆู† ุจู†ุงุณ
14:23
like the ones I've told you.
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ูƒุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุฃุฎุจุฑุชูƒู… ุนู†ู‡ู….
14:26
There are some of you in this room, amazing people,
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ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุซู„ู‡ู…ุŒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉุŒ ุฃู†ุงุณ ู…ุฏู‡ุดูˆู†ุŒ
14:29
who offer all of us the mirror to our own humanity.
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ูŠู‚ุฏู…ูˆู† ู„ู†ุง ุฌู…ูŠุนู†ุง ู…ุฑุขุฉ ู„ู†ุฑู‰ ููŠู‡ุง ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠุชู†ุง.
14:35
I want to end with a poem by an American poet called Lucille Clifton.
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ุฃูˆุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุฎุชู… ู‡ุฐุง ุจู‚ุตูŠุฏุฉ ู†ุธู…ุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุดุงุนุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู„ูˆุณูŠู„ ูƒู„ูุชูˆู†.
14:40
The poem is called "Libation," and it's for my friend Vusi
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ุงู„ู‚ุตูŠุฏุฉ ุจุนู†ูˆุงู† "ุฅุฑุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฎู…ุฑ"ุŒ ูˆุฃู‡ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุตุฏูŠู‚ูŠ ููˆุณูŠ.
14:45
who is in the audience here somewhere.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฌุงู„ุณ ุจูŠู†ูƒู… ุงู„ุขู†.
14:49
"Libation,
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"ุฅุฑุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฎู…ุฑุŒ"
14:51
North Carolina, 1999.
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ูƒุงุฑูˆู„ุงูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ 1999.
14:54
I offer to this ground, this gin.
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"ุฃู‚ุฏู‘ู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฑุงุจุŒ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ.
15:01
I imagine an old man crying here,
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ุฃุชุตูˆู‘ุฑ ุฑุฌู„ ู…ุณู† ูŠุจูƒูŠ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ
15:04
out of the sight of the overseer.
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ุจุนูŠุฏ ุนู† ุฃู†ุธุงุฑ ู…ู† ูŠุฑุงู‚ุจู‡.
15:08
He pushes his tongue through a hole
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ูŠุฏูุน ู„ุณุงู†ู‡ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุซู‚ุจู
15:11
where his tooth would be, if he were whole.
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ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ ุณู†ู‘ู‡ุŒ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ูƒุงู…ู„ุงู‹.
15:16
It aches in that space where his tooth would be,
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ูŠุคู„ู…ู‡ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุญู„ู‘ ู…ูƒุงู† ุณู†ู‘ู‡ุŒ
15:20
where his land would be,
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุญู„ู‘ ู…ูƒุงู† ุฃุฑุถู‡ุŒ
15:23
his house, his wife, his son, his beautiful daughter.
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ู…ู†ุฒู„ู‡ุŒ ุฒูˆุฌุชู‡ุŒ ุงุจู†ู‡ุŒ ุงุจู†ุชู‡ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ.
15:29
He wipes sorrow from his face,
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ูŠู…ุณุญ ุงู„ุฃุณู‰ ู…ู† ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌู‡ู‡ุŒ
15:34
and puts his thirsty finger to his thirsty tongue,
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ูˆูŠุถุน ุงุตุจุนู‡ ุงู„ุนุทุดุงู†ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ู„ุณุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุนุทุดุงู†ุŒ
15:38
and tastes the salt.
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ูˆูŠุชุฐูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ู„ุญ.
15:44
I call a name that could be his.
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ุฃู†ุงุฏูŠ ุจุฅุณู…ุŒ ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒู† ู‡ูˆ ุฅุณู…ู‡ุŒ
15:46
This is for you, old man.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูƒุŒ ุฃูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู…ุณู†ู‘.
15:51
This gin, this salty earth."
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุจุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ุญุฉ."
15:55
Thank you.
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ุดูƒุฑุงู‹ ู„ูƒู….
15:57
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7