Chris Abani on the stories of Africa

35,203 views ใƒป 2007-08-09

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: osnat mader willensky ืžื‘ืงืจ: Shahar Kaiser
00:25
My search is always to find ways to chronicle,
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ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื”ืชืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืื—ืจ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ื,
00:30
to share and to document stories about people, just everyday people.
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ืœืฉืชืฃ ื•ืœืชืขื“ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื, ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื.
00:35
Stories that offer transformation, that lean into transcendence,
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™, ื”ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ื ืฉื’ื‘,
00:40
but that are never sentimental,
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ืืš ืฉื”ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืจื’ืฉื ื™ื™ื,
00:42
that never look away from the darkest things about us.
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ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืคื ื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ ืžื”ื—ืฉื•ืš ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื‘ื ื•.
00:46
Because I really believe that we're never more beautiful
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
00:49
than when we're most ugly.
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ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื•ืขืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
00:51
Because that's really the moment we really know what we're made of.
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ื›ื™ ื–ื”ื• ื”ืจื’ืข ื‘ื• ืื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžืžื” ืื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื.
00:55
As Chris said, I grew up in Nigeria
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืจื™ืก ืืžืจ, ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ื‘ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื”
01:00
with a whole generation -- in the '80s --
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื, ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื” 80',
01:02
of students who were protesting a military dictatorship, which has finally ended.
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ืฉื”ืคื’ื™ื ื• ื ื’ื“ ื“ื™ืงื˜ื˜ื•ืจื” ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื”.
01:08
So it wasn't just me, there was a whole generation of us.
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ืื ื›ืš, ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืจืง ื‘ื™ ืืœื ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื.
01:10
But what I've come to learn
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™
01:13
is that the world is never saved in grand messianic gestures,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ื• ื ื™ืฆืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื—ื•ื•ืช ืžืฉื™ื—ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช
01:17
but in the simple accumulation of gentle, soft, almost invisible acts of compassion,
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ืืœื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืฉื™ ื—ืžืœื” ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื, ืจื›ื™ื, ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื™ื
01:24
everyday acts of compassion.
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ืžืขืฉื™ ื—ืžืœื” ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื.
01:26
In South Africa, they have a phrase called Ubuntu.
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ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื™ืฉื ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื ืงืจื ืื•ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื•.
01:33
Ubuntu comes out of a philosophy that says,
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ืื•ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื• ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ื”ื˜ื•ืขื ืช
01:35
the only way for me to be human is for you to reflect
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ื›ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื™ื ืื ืืชื” ืชืฉืงืฃ
01:39
my humanity back at me.
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ืืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืชื™ ื—ื–ืจื” ืืœื™.
01:41
But if you're like me, my humanity is more like a window.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืชื ื›ืžื•ื ื™, ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ื—ืœื•ืŸ.
01:45
I don't really see it, I don't pay attention to it
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืื” ืื•ืชื”, ืœื ืฉื ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื”
01:47
until there's, you know, like a bug that's dead on the window.
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ืขื“ ืืฉืจ, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื™ืฉ ื—ืจืง ืžืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ.
01:50
Then suddenly I see it, and usually, it's never good.
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ื•ืื– ืคืชืื•ื ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืื•ืชื” ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘.
01:54
It's usually when I'm cussing in traffic
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ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืœืจื•ื‘ ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžืงืœืœ ื‘ืคืงืง ืชื ื•ืขื”
01:57
at someone who is trying to drive their car and drink coffee
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืžื ืกื” ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืชื• ื•ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืงืคื”
02:00
and send emails and make notes.
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ื•ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื“ื•ื"ืœ ื•ืœืจืฉื•ื ืคืชืงื™ื.
02:04
So what Ubuntu really says
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื•ื
02:07
is that there is no way for us to be human without other people.
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
02:12
It's really very simple, but really very complicated.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜, ืืš ื’ื ืžืื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘.
02:15
So, I thought I should start with some stories.
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ืœื›ืŸ, ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืืคืชื— ืขื ื›ืžื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื.
02:18
I should tell you some stories about remarkable people,
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ืขืœื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื“ื•ืคืŸ,
02:20
so I thought I'd start with my mother.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืืคืชื— ืขื ืืžื ืฉืœื™.
02:23
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:24
And she was dark, too.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื’ื ื›ื”ื”.
02:26
My mother was English.
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ืื™ืžื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื ื’ืœื™ื”.
02:27
My parents met in Oxford in the '50s,
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ื”ื•ืจื™ ื ืคื’ืฉื• ื‘ืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื” 50'
02:29
and my mother moved to Nigeria and lived there.
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ื•ืื™ืžื™ ืขื‘ืจื” ืœื ื™ื’ืจื™ื” ื•ื—ื™ื” ืฉื.
02:31
She was five foot two, very feisty and very English.
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ื’ื•ื‘ื”ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื˜ืจ ื•ืฉื™ืฉื™ื, ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื•ื—ืžื ื™ืช ื•ืื ื’ืœื™ื” ืžืื“.
02:35
This is how English my mother is -- or was, she just passed.
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ื–ื” ื™ืžื—ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืื™ืžื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ื” - ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื”, ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื ื ืคื˜ืจื”.
02:38
She came out to California, to Los Angeles, to visit me,
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื” ืœืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”, ืœืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืงืจ ืื•ืชื™.
02:42
and we went to Malibu, which she thought was very disappointing.
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ื•ื”ืœื›ื ื• ืœืžืืœื™ื‘ื•, ืฉืื›ื–ื‘ื” ืื•ืชื” ืžืื“.
02:44
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:46
And then we went to a fish restaurant,
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ื•ืื– ื”ืœื›ื ื• ืœืžืกืขื“ืช ื“ื’ื™ื,
02:48
and we had Chad, the surfer dude, serving us,
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ื•ืฆ'ืื“ ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื’ื•ืœืฉ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืœืฆืจ ืฉืœื ื•.
02:51
and he came up and my mother said,
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ื”ื•ื ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืืœื™ื ื• ื•ืื™ืžื ืฉืœื™ ืฉืืœื”,
02:53
"Do you have any specials, young man?"
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"ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืžื ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช, ืื™ืฉ ืฆืขื™ืจ?"
02:55
And Chad says, "Sure, like, we have this, like, salmon,
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ื•ืฆ'ืื“ ืื•ืžืจ, "ื‘ื˜ื—, ื›ืื™ืœื•, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืŸ ื›ื–ื” ืกืœืžื•ืŸ ื›ื–ื”,
02:59
that's, like, rolled in this, like, wasabi, like, crust.
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ืฉืžื’ื•ืœื’ืœ ื›ื›ื” ื‘ืฆื™ืคื•ื™ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื•ื•ืืกืื‘ื™.
03:01
It's totally rad."
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ื–ื” ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื“ืจืš".
03:03
And my mother turned to me and said,
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ื•ืื™ืžื™ ืคื ืชื” ืืœื™ ื•ืฉืืœื”,
03:06
"What language is he speaking?"
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"ืื™ื–ื• ืฉืคื” ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ?"
03:08
(Laughter)
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03:09
I said, "English, mum."
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ืขื ื™ืชื™, "ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ืืžื"
03:11
And she shook her head and said,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื ื“ื” ื‘ืจืืฉื” ื•ืืžืจื”
03:13
"Oh, these Americans. We gave them a language,
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"ืื•, ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื”ืืœื•, ื ืชื ื• ืœื”ื ืฉืคื”
03:15
why don't they use it?"
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืื™ื ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”?"
03:17
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:23
So, this woman, who converted from the Church of England
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ื•ื›ืš, ืื™ืฉื” ื–ื•, ืฉื”ืžื™ืจื” ื“ืชื” ืžื”ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืงื ื™ืช
03:27
to Catholicism when she married my father --
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ืœืงืชื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื™ืฉืื” ืœืื‘ื™ -
03:29
and there's no one more rabid than a Catholic convert --
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืงื ืื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื•ืžืจ ืœืงืชื•ืœื™ -
03:33
decided to teach in the rural areas in Nigeria,
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ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœืœืžื“ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื”,
03:37
particularly among Igbo women,
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื ืฉื•ืช ื”ืื™ื’ื‘ื•,
03:39
the Billings ovulation method,
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ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืฅ,
03:41
which was the only approved birth control by the Catholic Church.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืขื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืงืชื•ืœื™ืช
03:45
But her Igbo wasn't too good.
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ืืš ื”ื™ื ืœื ื™ื“ืขื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืืช ืฉืคืช ื”ืื™ื’ื‘ื•.
03:49
So she took me along to translate.
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ื”ื™ื ืœืงื—ื” ืื•ืชื™ ืื™ืชื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืืชืจื’ื.
03:51
I was seven.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื‘ืข.
03:53
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:54
So, here are these women,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื ื” ื ืฉื™ื ืืœื•
03:56
who never discuss their period with their husbands,
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ืืฉืจ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืขื ื‘ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ,
03:59
and here I am telling them, "Well, how often do you get your period?"
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ื•ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืืœ ืื•ืชืŸ, "ื›ืœ ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืืช ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืืช ื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœืš?"
04:03
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:04
And, "Do you notice any discharges?"
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ื•ื”ืื ืืช ืฉืžื” ืœื‘ ืœื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ืŸ?
04:06
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:07
And, "How swollen is your vulva?"
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ื•ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ืคื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื ืคื•ื—?
04:09
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:14
She never would have thought of herself as a feminist,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ื” ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช,
04:17
my mother, but she always used to say,
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ืื™ืžื™, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื ื”ื’ื” ืœื•ืžืจ,
04:20
"Anything a man can do, I can fix."
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"ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื’ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืชืงืŸ".
04:23
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
04:30
And when my father complained about this situation,
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ืชืœื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื”,
04:35
where she's taking a seven-year-old boy
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ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ืœื•ืงื—ืช ืื™ืชื” ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื‘ืข
04:37
to teach this birth control, you know,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื“ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื™ืœื•ื“ื”, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
04:39
he used to say, "Oh, you're turning him into --
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ "ืื•, ืืช ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืื•ืชื• ืœืื™ืฉื”,
04:41
you're teaching him how to be a woman."
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ืืช ืžืœืžื“ืช ืื•ืชื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื”".
04:43
My mother said, "Someone has to."
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ืื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” "ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช"
04:45
(Laughter)
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04:46
This woman -- during the Biafran war,
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ืื™ืฉื” ื–ื• - ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื‘ื™ืืคืจื”,
04:50
we were caught in the war.
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ื ืœื›ื“ื ื• ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”.
04:52
It was my mother with five little children.
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ืื™ืžื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขื ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื.
04:55
It takes her one year, through refugee camp after refugee camp,
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ืœื•ืงื— ืœื” ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช, ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืžื—ื ื” ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืœืื—ืจ,
04:58
to make her way to an airstrip where we can fly out of the country.
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ืœืคืœืก ื“ืจื›ื” ืœืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืžืจืื” ืžืžื ื• ื ื˜ื•ืก ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
05:00
At every single refugee camp, she has to face off soldiers
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื—ื ื” ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื
05:06
who want to take my elder brother Mark, who was nine,
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ืืฉืจ ืจืฆื• ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ืื—ื™ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืžืจืง, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ืชืฉืข,
05:08
and make him a boy soldier.
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ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœื™ืœื“ ื—ื™ื™ืœ.
05:10
Can you imagine this five-foot-two woman,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืื™ืฉื” ื–ื• ืฉื’ื•ื‘ื”ื” ืžื˜ืจ ื•ืฉื™ืฉื™ื,
05:12
standing up to men with guns who want to kill us?
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ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืžื•ืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืื•ืชื ื•?
05:16
All through that one year,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื–ื•,
05:18
my mother never cried one time, not once.
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ืื™ืžื™ ืœื ื‘ื›ืชื” ืืฃ ืœื ืคืขื ืื—ืช, ืœื ืคืขื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”.
05:21
But when we were in Lisbon, in the airport,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืœื™ืกื‘ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื”,
05:23
about to fly to England,
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ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื˜ื•ืก ืœืื ื’ืœื™ื”,
05:25
this woman saw my mother wearing this dress,
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ืื™ืฉื” ืื—ืช ืจืืชื” ืืช ืื™ืžื™ ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ืืช ื”ืฉืžืœื” ื”ื–ื•,
05:28
which had been washed so many times it was basically see through,
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ืฉื›ื•ื‘ืกื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉืงื•ืคื”,
05:32
with five really hungry-looking kids,
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื ืจืื™ื ืจืขื‘ื™ื ืžืื“,
05:35
came over and asked her what had happened.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืคื ืชื” ื•ืฉืืœื” ืื•ืชื” ืžื” ืงืจื”.
05:37
And she told this woman.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืกืคืจื” ืœืื™ืฉื” ื–ื•.
05:38
And so this woman emptied out her suitcase
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ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืจื•ืงื ื” ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื”
05:40
and gave all of her clothes to my mother, and to us,
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ื•ื ืชื ื” ืœืื™ืžื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื”, ื•ืœื ื•
05:43
and the toys of her kids, who didn't like that very much, but --
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ื•ืืช ื”ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื”, ืฉืœื ืื”ื‘ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ืื‘ืœ...
05:46
(Laughter) --
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:47
that was the only time she cried.
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืคืขื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ืชื”.
05:50
And I remember years later, I was writing about my mother,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืฉืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ืื™ืžื™,
05:52
and I asked her, "Why did you cry then?"
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ื•ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื” "ืœืžื” ื‘ื›ื™ืช ืื–?"
05:54
And she said, "You know, you can steel your heart
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” "ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืจื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืœื™ื‘ืš
05:57
against any kind of trouble, any kind of horror.
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ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืฆืจื”, ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื–ื•ื•ืขื”.
06:00
But the simple act of kindness from a complete stranger
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ืื‘ืœ ืืงื˜ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื‘ ืžืื“ื ื–ืจ
06:05
will unstitch you."
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ื™ืคืจื•ื ืื•ืชืš".
06:11
The old women in my father's village, after this war had happened,
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ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื–ืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืคืจ ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™, ืœืื—ืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื–ื•,
06:15
memorized the names of every dead person,
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ืฉื™ื ื ื• ืืช ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืช,
06:18
and they would sing these dirges, made up of these names.
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ื•ืงื•ื ื ื• ื‘ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉืžื•ืช ืืœื•.
06:25
Dirges so melancholic that they would scorch you.
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ืงื™ื ื•ืช ื›ื” ืžืœื ื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉื”ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื•ืชืš.
06:27
And they would sing them only when they planted the rice,
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืฉืจื• ืื•ืชืŸ ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืŸ ืฉืชืœื• ืืช ื”ืื•ืจื–,
06:31
as though they were seeding the hearts of the dead
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉื”ืŸ ื–ื•ืจืขื•ืช ืืช ืœื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื
06:33
into the rice.
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ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ืจื–.
06:35
But when it came for harvest time,
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ืืš ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืงืฆื™ืจ,
06:37
they would sing these joyful songs,
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ื”ืŸ ืฉืจื• ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžืœืื™ ืฉืžื—ื”,
06:39
that were made up of the names of every child
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ืฉื”ื•ืจื›ื‘ื• ืžืฉืžื•ืช ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื
06:41
who had been born that year.
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ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืœื“ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื”.
06:44
And then the next planting season, when they sang the dirge,
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืŸ ืงื•ื ื ื•
06:48
they would remove as many names of the dead
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ื”ืŸ ื”ื—ืกื™ืจื• ืžื”ืงื™ื ื” ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืชื™ื,
06:51
that equaled as many people that were born.
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ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื.
06:53
And in this way, these women enacted a lot of transformation,
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื•, ื ืฉื™ื ืืœื• ื—ื•ืœืœื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืจื‘,
06:59
beautiful transformation.
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ืคื”.
07:01
Did you know, that before the genocide in Rwanda,
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ื”ืื ื™ื“ืขืชื ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืจืฆื— ื”ืขื ื‘ืจื•ืื ื“ื”
07:05
the word for rape and the word for marriage
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ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืœืชื™ืื•ืจ ืื•ื ืก ื•ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืœื—ืชื•ื ื”
07:08
was the same one?
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ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ืœื” ืขืฆืžื”?
07:11
But today, women are rebuilding Rwanda.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืจื•ืื ื“ื”.
07:15
Did you also know that after apartheid,
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ื”ืื ื™ื“ืขืชื ืฉืื—ืจื™ ื”ืืคืจื˜ื”ื™ื™ื“,
07:18
when the new government went into the parliament houses,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืžืฉืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื ื›ื ืกื” ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜,
07:20
there were no female toilets in the building?
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ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ?
07:24
Which would seem to suggest that apartheid
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ืžื” ืฉืžืขืœื” ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืืคืจื˜ื”ื™ื™ื“
07:26
was entirely the business of men.
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ื”ื™ื” ื›ื•ืœื• ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื.
07:29
All of this to say, that despite the horror, and despite the death,
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ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื–ื•ื•ืขื”, ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื•ืช,
07:33
women are never really counted.
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ื ืฉื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•.
07:36
Their humanity never seems to matter very much to us.
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ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื•.
07:41
When I was growing up in Nigeria --
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ื‘ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื” -
07:44
and I shouldn't say Nigeria, because that's too general,
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ื•ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉืœื ืื•ืžืจ ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื”, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื›ืœืœื™ ืžื“ื™,
07:46
but in Afikpo, the Igbo part of the country where I'm from --
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ืืœื ื‘ืื•ืจื”ื•ื‘ื•, ื—ืœืง ื”ืื™ื’ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืžื ื• ืื ื™ ื‘ื,
07:49
there were always rites of passage for young men.
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ื”ื™ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื˜ืงืกื™ ื—ื ื™ื›ื” ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื.
07:52
Men were taught to be men in the ways in which we are not women,
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ืœื™ืžื“ื• ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื ืื™ื ื ื ืฉื™ื,
07:56
that's essentially what it is.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื–ื”, ื‘ืชืžืฆื™ืช.
07:58
And a lot of rituals involved killing, killing little animals,
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื˜ืงืกื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื›ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื’, ื”ืจื’ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช.
08:02
progressing along, so when I turned 13 --
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ื ืชืงื“ื, ืžืœืื• ืœื™ 13 -
08:04
and, I mean, it made sense, it was an agrarian community,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืŸ ื–ื• ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื—ืงืœืื™ืช,
08:07
somebody had to kill the animals,
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช.
08:09
there was no Whole Foods you could go and get kangaroo steak at --
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ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืจื›ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืœื›ืช ืืœื™ื”ื ื•ืœืงื ื•ืช ืกื˜ื™ื™ืง ืงื ื’ื•ืจื• -
08:12
so when I turned 13, it was my turn now to kill a goat.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžืœืื• ืœื™ 13, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืชื•ืจื™ ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืขื–.
08:17
And I was this weird, sensitive kid, who couldn't really do it,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ืœื“ ืžื•ื–ืจ, ืจื’ื™ืฉ, ืฉืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
08:21
but I had to do it.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
08:23
And I was supposed to do this alone.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืœื‘ื“ื™.
08:25
But a friend of mine, called Emmanuel,
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™, ื‘ืฉื ืขื™ืžื ื•ืืœ,
08:27
who was significantly older than me,
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืžืžื ื™,
08:29
who'd been a boy soldier during the Biafran war,
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ื•ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ืœื“ ื—ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื‘ื™ืืคืจื”,
08:31
decided to come with me.
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ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื‘ื•ื ืื™ืชื™.
08:34
Which sort of made me feel good,
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ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืขื–ืจ ืœื™ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘,
08:37
because he'd seen a lot of things.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
08:39
Now, when I was growing up, he used to tell me
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ืฉื’ื“ืœืชื™, ื”ื•ื ื ื”ื’ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื™
08:41
stories about how he used to bayonet people,
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื“ืงืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ื“ื•ืŸ,
08:43
and their intestines would fall out, but they would keep running.
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ื•ื”ืžืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื ืฉืคื›ื• ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”, ืืš ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืจื•ืฅ.
08:46
So, this guy comes with me.
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ืื– ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื ืื™ืชื™,
08:49
And I don't know if you've ever heard a goat, or seen one --
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ืื™ ืคืขื ืฉืžืขืชื ืขื–, ืื• ืจืื™ืชื ืื—ืช -
08:52
they sound like human beings,
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ื”ืŸ ื ืฉืžืขื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื,
08:54
that's why we call tragedies "a song of a goat."
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ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื•ืช "ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ืขื–".
08:57
My friend Brad Kessler says that we didn't become human
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืจืื“ ืงืกืœืจ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื
09:02
until we started keeping goats.
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ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื’ื“ืœ ืขื™ื–ื™ื.
09:04
Anyway, a goat's eyes are like a child's eyes.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ, ืœืขื– ื™ืฉ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืœืขื™ื ื™ ื™ืœื“.
09:09
So when I tried to kill this goat and I couldn't,
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ื•ื›ืฉื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืืช ื”ืขื– ื”ื–ื• ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™,
09:11
Emmanuel bent down, he puts his hand over the mouth of the goat,
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ืขื™ืžื ื•ืืœ ื”ืชื›ื•ืคืฃ, ืฉื ืืช ื™ื“ื• ืขืœ ื”ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื–,
09:16
covers its eyes, so I don't have to look into them,
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ืžื›ืกื” ืืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื›ืš ืฉืœื ืืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื”ืŸ,
09:19
while I kill the goat.
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ื‘ืขืช ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื•ืจื’ ืืช ื”ืขื–.
09:22
It didn't seem like a lot, for this guy who'd seen so much,
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ื–ื” ืœื ื ืจืื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉืจืื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื”,
09:26
and to whom the killing of a goat must have seemed
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ื•ืืฉืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืขื– ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื ืจืื”
09:28
such a quotidian experience,
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ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืฉื’ืจื”.
09:30
still found it in himself to try to protect me.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™.
09:36
I was a wimp.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื›ืจื•ื›ื™.
09:38
I cried for a very long time.
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ื‘ื›ื™ืชื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘.
09:40
And afterwards, he didn't say a word.
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ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ื”ื•ื ืœื ืืžืจ ืžื™ืœื”,
09:42
He just sat there watching me cry for an hour.
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ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื™ืฉื‘ ืฉื ื•ืฆืคื” ื‘ื™ ื‘ื•ื›ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืขื”.
09:44
And then afterwards he said to me,
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื™,
09:46
"It will always be difficult, but if you cry like this every time,
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ื–ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืชื‘ื›ื” ื›ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื,
09:51
you will die of heartbreak.
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ืชืžื•ืช ืžืฉื‘ืจื•ืŸ ืœื‘.
09:53
Just know that it is enough sometimes
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ืจืง ื“ืข ืœืš, ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง
09:56
to know that it is difficult."
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ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื–ื” ืงืฉื”.
10:01
Of course, talking about goats makes me think of sheep,
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืขื™ื–ื™ื ื’ื•ืจื ืœื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ื‘ืฉื™ื,
10:04
and not in good ways.
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ื•ืœื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
10:06
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:08
So, I was born two days after Christmas.
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ืื ื™ ื ื•ืœื“ืชื™ ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื—ื’ ื”ืžื•ืœื“.
10:12
So growing up, you know, I had a cake and everything,
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ื•ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื™, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืขื•ื’ื” ื•ื”ื›ื•ืœ,
10:15
but I never got any presents, because, born two days after Christmas.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืชื ื•ืช ื›ื™ ... ื ื•ืœื“ืชื™ ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื—ื’ ื”ืžื•ืœื“.
10:20
So, I was about nine, and my uncle had just come back from Germany,
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ื•ื›ืš, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ื‘ืŸ ืชืฉืข ื•ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื—ื–ืจ ืžื’ืจืžื ื™ื”,
10:23
and we had the Catholic priest over,
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ื•ื”ืชืืจื— ืืฆืœื ื• ื›ื•ืžืจ ืงืชื•ืœื™,
10:26
my mother was entertaining him with tea.
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ืื™ืžื™ ื›ื™ื‘ื“ื” ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ื•ืก ืชื”,
10:28
And my uncle suddenly says, "Where are Chris' presents?"
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ื•ืคืชืื•ื ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืื•ืžืจ "ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ืžืชื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืจื™ืก?"
10:32
And my mother said, "Don't talk about that in front of guests."
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ื•ืื™ืžื™ ืื•ืžืจืช "ืืœ ืชื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื".
10:36
But he was desperate to show that he'd just come back,
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ืืš ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืชื•ืงืง ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืขืชื” ื”ื•ื ื—ื–ืจ,
10:39
so he summoned me up, and he said,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืงืจื ืœื™ ื•ืืžืจ,
10:41
"Go into the bedroom, my bedroom.
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ื’ืฉ ืœื—ื“ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื”, ื”ื—ื“ืจ ืฉืœื™.
10:43
Take anything you want out of the suitcase.
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ืงื— ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืžื”ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื”.
10:45
It's your birthday present."
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ื–ื• ืžืชื ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ืฉืœืš".
10:47
I'm sure he thought I'd take a book or a shirt,
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืืงื— ืกืคืจ ืื• ื—ื•ืœืฆื”,
10:49
but I found an inflatable sheep.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžืฆืืชื™ ืฉื ื›ื‘ืฉื” ืžืชื ืคื—ืช.
10:52
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:58
So, I blew it up and ran into the living room,
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ืื– ื ื™ืคื—ืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ื•ืจืฆืชื™ ืœืชื•ืš ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื,
11:00
my finger where it shouldn't have been,
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ืืฆื‘ืขื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ืœื ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช,
11:02
I was waving this buzzing sheep around,
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ื ื•ืคืคืชื™ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ื›ื‘ืฉื” ื”ืžื–ืžื–ืžืช ื”ื–ื•,
11:05
and my mother looked like she was going to die of shock.
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ื•ืื™ืžื™ ื ืจืืชื” ื›ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืžื•ืช ืžื”ืœื.
11:08
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:11
And Father McGetrick was completely unflustered,
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ื”ืื‘ ืžืงื’ื˜ืจื™ืง ื”ื™ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื ื˜ื•ืœ ืžื‘ื•ื›ื”,
11:14
just stirred his tea and looked at my mother and said,
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ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื‘ื—ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชื”, ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื™ืžื™ ื•ืืžืจ,
11:16
"It's all right Daphne, I'm Scottish."
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"ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื“ืคื ื”, ืื ื™ ืกืงื•ื˜ื™".
11:19
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:21
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
11:35
My last days in prison, the last 18 months,
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ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื›ืœื, 18 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื,
11:41
my cellmate -- for the last year, the first year of the last 18 months --
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ืฉื•ืชืคื™ ืœืชื, ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืชื•ืš 18 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื-
11:45
my cellmate was 14 years old.
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ืฉื•ืชืคื™ ืœืชื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ 14.
11:48
The name was John James,
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ืฉืžื• ื”ื™ื” ื’'ื•ืŸ ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก,
11:51
and in those days, if a family member committed a crime,
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื, ืื ื‘ืŸ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ื™ืฆืข ืคืฉืข,
11:55
the military would hold you as ransom
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ื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืš ื›ื‘ืŸ ืขืจื•ื‘ื”
11:58
till your family turned themselves in.
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืชืกื’ื™ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื”.
12:00
So, here was this 14-year-old kid on death row.
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ื•ื›ืš, ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืŸ ื” 14 ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืœืžื•ื•ืช.
12:03
And not everybody on death row was a political prisoner.
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ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื ืœืžื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืืกื™ืจื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื -
12:05
There were some really bad people there.
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ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื’ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืจืขื™ื ืžืื“.
12:08
And he had smuggled in two comics, two comic books --
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื— ืคื ื™ืžื” ืฉืชื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืงื•ืžื™ืงืก, ืฉื ื™ ืกืคืจื™ ืงื•ืžื™ืงืก -
12:11
"Spiderman" and "X-Men."
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ืกืคื™ื™ื“ืจืžืŸ ื•ืืงืกืžืŸ.
12:13
He was obsessed.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื• ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื”.
12:14
And when he got tired of reading them,
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืžืืก ืœื• ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ื”ื,
12:16
he started to teach the men in death row how to read,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื ืœืžื•ื•ืช ืœืงืจื•ื
12:20
with these comic books.
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืžื™ืงืก ื”ืืœื•.
12:22
And so, I remember night after night,
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ื•ื›ืš, ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืื™ืš ืœื™ืœื” ืื—ืจ ืœื™ืœื”,
12:26
you'd hear all these men, these really hardened criminals,
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ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื•, ื”ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ื—ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš,
12:28
huddled around John James, reciting, "Take that, Spidey!"
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ืžืชื›ื ืกื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื’'ื•ืŸ ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ื•ืžืฉื ื ื™ื "ื”ื ืœืš ืกืคื™ื™ื“ื™!"
12:33
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:35
It's incredible.
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ื–ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
12:38
I was really worried.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืžื•ื“ืื’.
12:40
He didn't know what death row meant.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืœืžื•ื•ืช.
12:42
I'd been there twice,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื ืคืขืžื™ื™ื.
12:44
and I was terribly afraid that I was going to die.
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ืคื—ื“ืชื™ ืžืื“ ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืžื•ืช.
12:46
And he would always laugh, and say,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืฆื—ืง ื•ืืžืจ,
12:48
"Come on, man, we'll make it out."
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"ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืš ืื™ืฉ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฆื ืžื–ื”".
12:50
Then I'd say, "How do you know?"
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™ "ืื™ืš ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข?"
12:52
And he said, "Oh, I heard it on the grapevine."
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ "ืื•, ืฉืžืขืชื™ ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ืฉืžื•ืขื•ืช".
12:56
They killed him.
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ื”ื ื”ืจื’ื• ืื•ืชื•.
12:58
They handcuffed him to a chair,
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ื”ื ืื–ืงื• ืื•ืชื• ืœื›ื™ืกื,
13:01
and they tacked his penis to a table with a six-inch nail,
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ื”ื™ื“ืงื• ืืช ื”ืคื™ืŸ ืฉืœื• ืœืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขื ืžืกืžืจ ื‘ืื•ืจืš 15 ืก"ืž.
13:07
then left him there to bleed to death.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื ื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื• ืฉื ืœื“ืžื ืœืžื•ื•ืช.
13:10
That's how I ended up in solitary, because I let my feelings be known.
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ื›ืš ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“, ื›ื™ ื ืชืชื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืจื’ืฉื•ืชื™ื™.
13:19
All around us, everywhere, there are people like this.
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ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืœื•.
13:24
The Igbo used to say that they built their own gods.
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ื”ืื™ื’ื‘ื• ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ืืœื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
13:30
They would come together as a community,
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืชื›ื ืกื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื›ืงื”ื™ืœื”,
13:32
and they would express a wish.
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ื•ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืขืœื™ื ืžืฉืืœื”.
13:35
And their wish would then be brought to a priest,
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ื•ืื– ื”ืžืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื•ื‘ืืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ื›ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ื“ืช
13:37
who would find a ritual object,
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ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืฆื ื—ืคืฅ ื˜ืงืกื™,
13:40
and the appropriate sacrifices would be made,
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ื•ื”ืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืขืœื”,
13:42
and the shrine would be built for the god.
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ื•ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืœืืœ ื”ื™ื” ื ื‘ื ื”.
13:45
But if the god became unruly and began to ask for human sacrifice,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ืืœ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืื“ื,
13:50
the Igbos would destroy the god.
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ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืื™ื’ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื• ื”ื•ืจืกื™ื ืืช ื”ืืœ.
13:52
They would knock down the shrine,
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืžื•ื˜ื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉืœื•,
13:55
and they would stop saying the god's name.
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ื”ื™ื• ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ืฉื ื”ืืœ.
13:57
This is how they came to reclaim their humanity.
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ื›ืš ื”ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ืœืขืฆืžื ื—ื–ืจื” ืืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืชื.
14:02
Every day, all of us here,
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ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื›ืืŸ,
14:04
we're building gods that have gone rampant,
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ืื ื• ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืืœื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืคืจื•ืขื™ื,
14:07
and it's time we started knocking them down
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ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ืžื•ื˜ื˜ ืื•ืชื
14:10
and forgetting their names.
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ื•ื ืฉื›ื— ืืช ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื”ื.
14:13
It doesn't require a tremendous thing.
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ืœื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืฉื ื›ืš ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืฆื•ื.
14:16
All it requires is to recognize among us, every day --
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ื ื“ืจืฉ ืจืง ืฉื ื–ื”ื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื•, ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื,
14:20
the few of us that can see -- are surrounded by people
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ืืช ื”ืžืขื˜ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช, ื”ืžื•ืงืคื™ื ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื
14:23
like the ones I've told you.
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ื›ืžื• ืืœื• ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืœื›ื.
14:26
There are some of you in this room, amazing people,
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ื™ืฉ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื–ื”, ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื,
14:29
who offer all of us the mirror to our own humanity.
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ื”ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืจืื” ืœืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
14:35
I want to end with a poem by an American poet called Lucille Clifton.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืœื•ืกื™ืœ ืงืœื™ืคื˜ื•ืŸ.
14:40
The poem is called "Libation," and it's for my friend Vusi
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ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื ืงืจื "ื ืกืš" ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื•ื•ืกื™
14:45
who is in the audience here somewhere.
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ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืงื”ืœ.
14:49
"Libation,
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"ื ืกืš"
14:51
North Carolina, 1999.
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ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื•ืœื™ื ื”, 1999.
14:54
I offer to this ground, this gin.
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"ืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ืข ืœืื“ืžื” ื–ื•, ื’'ื™ืŸ ื–ื”.
15:01
I imagine an old man crying here,
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ืื ื™ ืžื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ื–ืงืŸ ื‘ื•ื›ื” ื›ืืŸ,
15:04
out of the sight of the overseer.
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ื”ืจื—ืง ืžืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื—.
15:08
He pushes his tongue through a hole
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ืœืชื•ืš ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื—ืฃ ืืช ืœืฉื•ื ื•
15:11
where his tooth would be, if he were whole.
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ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื ื”ืฉืŸ ืฉืœื•.
15:16
It aches in that space where his tooth would be,
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืื‘ ื‘ืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ื• ื”ืฉืŸ ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช,
15:20
where his land would be,
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ื‘ื• ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ืฉืœื•,
15:23
his house, his wife, his son, his beautiful daughter.
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ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื•, ืืฉืชื•, ื‘ื ื•, ื‘ืชื• ื”ื™ืคื”.
15:29
He wipes sorrow from his face,
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ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื—ื” ืฆืขืจ ืžืคื ื™ื•,
15:34
and puts his thirsty finger to his thirsty tongue,
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ื•ืชื•ื—ื‘ ืืช ืืฆื‘ืขื• ื”ืฆืžืื” ืœืœืฉื•ื ื• ื”ืฆืžืื”,
15:38
and tastes the salt.
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ื•ื˜ื•ืขื ืืช ื”ืžืœื—.
15:44
I call a name that could be his.
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ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ื‘ืฉื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื•,
15:46
This is for you, old man.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœืš, ืื™ืฉ ื–ืงืŸ.
15:51
This gin, this salty earth."
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ื”ื’'ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ืžืœื•ื—ื”".
15:55
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
15:57
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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