Tal Golesworthy: How I repaired my own heart

98,383 views ใƒป 2012-04-12

TED


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Fady Alshaar ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Anwar Dafa-Alla
ุฃู†ุง ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช.
00:16
I'm a process engineer, I know all about boilers and incinerators
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ุฌู„ ู…ุนุฑูุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฌู„ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฎุงุฑู‚
00:20
and fabric filters, and cyclones, and things like that.
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ูˆ ู…ุฑุดุญุงุช ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฆุจ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุถุฎุงุช, ูˆ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุจูŠู„ุŒ
ูˆ ู„ูƒู†ูŠ ุฃุนุงู†ูŠ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ู…ู† ู…ุชู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ู…ุงุฑูุงู†.
00:24
But I also have Marfan syndrome.
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ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎู„ู„ู ูˆุฑุงุซูŠู‘ู.
00:26
This is an inherited disorder.
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00:28
And in 1992, I participated in a genetic study,
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ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู… 1992
ุดุงุฑูƒุช ููŠ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉู ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉู
00:32
and found to my horror, as you can see from the slide,
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ูˆ ุชุจูŠู† ู„ูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ู ู…ุฑุนุจูุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุชุดุงู‡ุฏูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุŒ
00:35
that my ascending aorta was not in the normal range,
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ุฃู† ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุงู† ุงู„ุฃุจู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุตุงุนุฏ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ููŠ ุญุฌู…ู‡ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุŒ
ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ุฃุฎุถุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„.
00:39
the green line at the bottom.
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ูƒู„ ุดุฎุต ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุดุฑูŠุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุญุฏู‡ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† 3.2 ูˆ 3.6 ุณู….
00:41
Everyone in here will be between 3.2-3.6,
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ุฃู…ุง ู„ุฏูŠ ูู‚ุฏ ูˆุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ 4.4.
00:44
and I was already up at 4.4.
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00:46
And as you can see, my aorta dilated progressively,
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ูˆ ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑูˆู†ุŒ
ูู‚ุฏ ุชูˆุณุน ุดุฑูŠุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุจู‡ุฑ ุชุฏุฑูŠุฌูŠุงู‹ุŒ
00:50
and I got closer and closer to the point where surgery was going to be necessary.
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ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ูˆุตู„ุช ุดูŠุฆุงู‹ ูุดูŠุฆุงู‹
ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฏู‘ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุชุทู„ุจ ููŠู‡ ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉู ุฌุฑุงุญูŠุฉู.
00:55
The surgery on offer was pretty gruesome.
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ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุฌุฑุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‘ูŽ ู…ุฑูˆุนุฉู‹ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ
ูŠุฎุฏุฑูˆู†ูƒุŒ ูˆ ู…ู† ุซู… ูŠูุชุญูˆู† ุตุฏุฑูƒุŒ
00:59
Anesthetize you, open your chest,
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01:01
put you on an artificial heart and lung machine,
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ูˆ ูŠูŽุตูู„ูˆู†ูƒ ุจู‚ู„ุจู ุตู†ุงุนูŠู‘ู ูˆ ุฑุฆุชูŠู† ุตู†ุงุนูŠุชูŠู†ุŒ
01:04
drop your body temperature to about 18 centigrade,
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ูˆ ูŠุฎูุถูˆู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุฌุณู…ูƒ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ุญูˆ 18 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ุฆูˆูŠุฉุŒ
01:07
stop your heart, cut the aorta out,
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ูŠูˆู‚ููˆู† ู‚ู„ุจูƒ ุนู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ุŒ ูˆ ู…ู† ุซู… ูŠู‚ุทุนูˆู† ุดุฑูŠุงู†ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุจู‡ุฑ ุฎุงุฑุฌุงู‹ุŒ
01:10
replace it with a plastic valve and a plastic aorta.
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ูˆ ู…ู† ุซู… ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจุงุณุชุจุฏุงู„ู‡ ุจุตู…ุงู…ู ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠู‘ู ูˆ ุดุฑูŠุงู†ู ุฃุจู‡ุฑูŽ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠู‘ูุŒ
ูˆ ุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
01:14
And most importantly, commit you to a lifetime of anticoagulation therapy.
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ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ูƒ ุณุชุฎุถุน ู„ุจู‚ูŠุฉ ุนู…ุฑูƒ ู„ุนู„ุงุฌู ู…ู…ูŠุนู ู„ู„ุฏู…ุŒ
ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุฑูุงุฑูŠู†.
01:19
Normally, warfarin.
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ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงุญูŠุฉ ู…ุญุจุฐุฉู‹.
01:21
The thought of the surgery was not attractive.
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01:23
The thought of the warfarin was really quite frightening.
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ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุจุงู„ูˆุงุฑูุงุฑูŠู†
ู…ูุฒุนุฉู‹ ุญู‚ุงู‹.
ูู‚ู„ุช ู„ู†ูุณูŠุŒ ุฃู†ุง ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณุŒ ุฃุนู…ู„ ููŠ ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุจุญุซ ูˆ ุงู„ุชุทูˆูŠุฑุŒ
01:28
So I said to myself,
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01:29
"I'm an engineer, I'm in R&D, this is just a plumbing problem."
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ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉู ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุณูŠุฑ.
ุฃุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุฃูุนู„ู‡ุงุŒ ุฃุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุฃุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ูˆุถุน.
01:33
"I can do this, I can change this."
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ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุงู†ุทู„ู‚ุช
01:35
So I set out to change the entire treatment for aortic dilation.
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ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑู ูƒุงู…ู„ู ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ
ู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูˆุณุน ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุงู†ูŠู‘.
01:41
The project aim is really quite simple.
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ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุจุณูŠุทูŒ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ุญู‚ุงู‹.
01:45
The only real problem with the ascending aorta
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ูุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุงู† ุงู„ุฃุจู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุตุงุนุฏ
01:48
in people with Marfan syndrome
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ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจูŠู† ุจู…ุชู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ู…ุงุฑูุงู†
01:50
is that it lacks some tensile strength.
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ู‡ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุงู† ูŠู†ู‚ุตู‡ ุจุนุถ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุดู‘ุฏ.
ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูุฅู† ุงู„ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
01:53
So, the possibility exists to simply externally wrap the pipe,
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ู„ู„ู ุงู„ุฃู†ุจูˆุจ ุจูƒู„ู‘ู ุจุณุงุทุฉู ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุงู‹.
01:58
and it would remain stable and operate quite happily.
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ูˆ ุณูˆู ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุณุชู‚ุฑุงู‹ ูˆ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุจุดูƒู„ู ุฑุงุฆุนู.
ุฅุฐุง ู‚ู…ุช ุจุงู„ุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุฑุทูˆู… ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุจู‚ูˆุฉุŒ
02:02
If your high-pressure hose pipe or hydraulic line bulges a little,
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ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุทู‘ู ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠู‘ูุŒ ูุฅู†ู‡ู…ุง ุณูŠู†ุชูุฎุงู† ู‚ู„ูŠู„ู‹ุงุŒ
ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุณุชู‚ูˆู… ุจู„ูู‘ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุท ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุฉ ู…ู†ู‡.
02:07
you just wrap some tape around it, it really is that simple.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุจุณุงุทุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุจุฏุฃ ุญู‚ุงู‹ุŒ
02:10
In concept, though not in execution.
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ูˆ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ูŠุณุช ู‚ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุชู†ููŠุฐ.
02:14
The great advantage of an external support, for me,
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ุงู„ูุงุฆุฏุฉ ุงู„ุนุธู…ู‰ ู„ู„ุฏุนู… ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠู‘ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠ
02:17
was that I could retain all of my own bits,
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ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃู†ูŠ ุงุณุชุทุนุช ุงู„ุงุญุชูุงุธ ุจูƒู„ู‘ ุฌุฒุกู ู…ู†ู‘ูŠุŒ
02:20
all of my own endothelium and valves,
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ูƒู„ู‘ู ุดูŠุกุŒ ุงู„ุจุทุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุตู…ุงู…ุงุชุŒ
02:22
and not need any anticoagulation therapy.
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ูˆ ู„ู… ุฃุถุทุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุนู„ุงุฌู ู…ุงู†ุนู ู„ู„ุชุฎุซู‘ุฑ.
ุฅุฐุงู‹ ู…ู† ุฃูŠู† ู†ุจุฏุฃุŸ
02:27
So, where do we start?
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ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู‚ุทุน ุนุฑุถูŠู‘ูŒ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ูŠ.
02:28
This is a sagittal slice through me.
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ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒู… ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุตู
02:31
In the middle, you can see that little structure squeezing out,
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ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุจู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉุŒ ุชู†ุจุซู‚.
02:35
that's the left ventricle,
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ู‡ู†ุง ุชุดุงู‡ุฏูˆู† ุงู„ุจุทูŠู† ุงู„ุฃูŠุณุฑ
02:37
pushing blood out through the aortic valve.
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ูŠุฏูุน ุงู„ุฏู… ุนุงู„ูŠุงู‹ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุตู…ุงู… ุงู„ุฃุจู‡ุฑูŠ
ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู… ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุฑู ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุงู„ุดุฑูŠุงู† ุงู„ุฃุจู‡ุฑูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
02:40
You can see two of the leaflets of the aortic valve working there.
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02:43
Up into the ascending aorta.
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ุนุงู„ูŠุงู‹ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุงู† ุงู„ุฃุจู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุตุงุนุฏ.
02:45
And it's that part, the ascending aorta,
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ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุกุŒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุจู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุตุงุนุฏุŒ
ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุชูˆุณู‘ุน ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ูŠู†ูุฌุฑุŒ
02:49
which dilates and ultimately bursts, which of course is fatal.
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ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ู‚ุงุชู„ุงู‹ ุจุงู„ุทุจุน.
02:54
We started by organizing image acquisition
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ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ุจุฃุฎุฐ ุตูˆุฑู ู…ู†ุชุธู…ุฉู
02:57
from magnetic resonance and CT imaging machines,
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ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุฑู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุบู†ุงุทูŠุณูŠ
ูˆ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ุณุญ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ูŠู‘ ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑูŠู‘
03:02
from which to make a model of the patient's aorta.
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ู„ุฎู„ู‚ ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ
ู„ู„ุดุฑูŠุงู† ุงู„ุฃุจู‡ุฑ ู„ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ.
ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ู„ุดุฑูŠุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุจู‡ุฑ.
03:09
This is a model of my aorta.
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03:11
I've got a real one in my pocket,
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ู„ุฏูŠู‘ ูˆุงุญุฏูŒ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠูŒ ููŠ ุฌูŠุจูŠุŒ
03:13
if anyone would like to look at it, and play with it.
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ู„ู…ู† ูŠุฑุบุจ ุฃู† ูŠู„ู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉู‹ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ ูŠู„ุนุจ ุจู‡.
03:15
(Laughter)
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03:16
You can see it's quite a complex structure.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู… ุฃู† ุชุฑูˆุงุŒ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉูŒ ุนู† ุจู†ูŠุฉู ู…ุนู‚ุฏุฉู ุฌุฏุงู‹.
03:18
It has a funny tri-lobal shape at the bottom,
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ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ูุตู‘ูŒ ุซู„ุงุซูŠู‘ูŒ ุบุฑูŠุจ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ุŒ
03:21
which contains the aortic valve.
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุงู„ุตู…ุงู… ุงู„ุฃุจู‡ุฑูŠ.
03:23
It then comes back into a round form,
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ูˆ ู…ู† ุซู… ูŠุนูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุดูƒู„ู ู…ุณุชุฏูŠุฑู
03:25
and then tapers and curves off.
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ูˆ ู…ู† ุซู… ูŠุถู…ุญู„ ูˆ ูŠู†ุญู†ูŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุงู‹.
ูˆ ุจู‡ุฐุง ู†ุฑู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฐูˆ ุจู†ูŠุฉู ุบุงูŠุฉู ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนู‚ูŠุฏ
03:28
It's quite a difficult structure to produce.
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ู„ูƒูŠ ูŠุชู… ุตู†ุงุนุชู‡.
ูˆ ูƒู…ุง ุฐูƒุฑุชุŒ ูู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉูŒ ุนู† ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ู„ูŠ ุจู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุญุงุณูˆุจุŒ
03:33
This is a sort of CAD model of me,
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03:34
and this is one of the later CAD models.
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ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุขุฎุฑ ู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌู ู„ุงุญู‚ู ุชู… ุชุตู…ูŠู…ู‡.
03:36
We went through an iterative process of producing better and better models.
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ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ุฎุถู†ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉู‹ ู…ู…ู„ุฉู‹
ู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ุฃูุถู„ ูุฃูุถู„.
ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฃู†ุชุฌู†ุง ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ
03:41
When we produced that model,
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03:43
we turned it into a solid, plastic model, as you can see,
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ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุชุญูˆูŠู„ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌู ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠู‘ู ุตู„ุจูุŒ
ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑูˆู†ุŒ
03:48
using a rapid prototyping technique, another engineering technique.
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ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ
ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉูŒ ุนู† ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉู ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠุฉู ุฃุฎุฑู‰.
03:52
We then used that former
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ูˆ ู…ู† ุซู… ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ
03:54
to manufacture a perfectly bespoke porous textile mesh,
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ู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุดุจูƒุฉู
ู†ุณูŠุฌูŠุฉู ู†ููˆุฐุฉู ู…ุนุฏู„ุฉู ุจุดูƒู„ู ุฑุงุฆุนูุŒ
03:58
which takes the shape of the former and perfectly fits the aorta.
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ูˆ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุงุฎุฐ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ
ูˆ ุชู†ุงุณุจ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุงู† ุงู„ุฃุจู‡ุฑ ุจุดูƒู„ู ู…ู…ุชุงุฒู
04:02
So this is absolutely personalized medicine at its best, really.
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ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุทุนุงู‹ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฏูˆุงุกู ุดุฎุตูŠู‘ู
ููŠ ุฃูุถู„ ู†ุชุงุฆุฌู‡.
ูƒู„ู‘ ู…ุฑูŠุถู ู†ุนุงู„ุฌู‡
04:07
Every patient we do has an absolutely bespoke implant.
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ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ู†ุณูŠุฌูŒ ู…ุฒุฑูˆุนูŒ ุจุดูƒู„ู ู‚ุงุทุนู
04:12
Once you've made it, the installation is quite easy.
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ูˆ ุญุงู„ู…ุง ูŠุชู… ุตู†ุนู‡ุŒ ูุฅู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุณู‡ู„ุฉูŒ ุฌุฏุงู‹.
04:15
John Pepper, bless his heart, professor of cardiothoracic surgery.
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ุฌูˆู† ุจูŠุจุฑุŒ ุจุงุฑูƒ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ู‚ู„ุจู‡ุŒ
ุจุฑูˆููŠุณูˆุฑ ููŠ ุฌุฑุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ
ูˆ ู„ู… ูŠู‚ู… ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„
04:21
Never done it before in his life, he put the first one in, didn't like it,
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ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ุฒุฑุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ูˆ ู„ู… ูŠุนุฌุจู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุŒ ูุฃุฒุงู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆ ู…ู† ุซู… ู‚ุงู… ุจูˆุถุน ุขุฎุฑ.
04:24
he put the second one in.
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ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู†ุทู„ู‚ุช ุจุนูŠุฏุงุŒ ุฃุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ุณุนุงุฏุฉ.
04:26
Happy, away I went.
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ุฃุฑุจุน ุณุงุนุงุชู ูˆ ู†ุตู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุงูˆู„ุฉุŒ ูˆ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุกู ูƒุงู† ู…ู†ุชู‡ูŠุงู‹.
04:27
Four and a half hours on the table, and everything was done.
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ุฅุฐุงู‹ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุนูŠุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃุณู‡ู„.
04:30
So the surgical implantation was actually the easiest part.
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ูˆ ุฅุฐุง ู‚ุงุฑู†ุช ุนู„ุงุฌู†ุง ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุจุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ุจุฏูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุญุงู„ูŠุงู‹ุŒ
04:34
If you compare our new treatment to the existing alternative,
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ุงู„ู…ุฏุนูˆ ุงู„ุชุทุนูŠู… ุงู„ุฌุฐุนูŠ ู„ู„ุดุฑูŠุงู† ุงู„ุฃุจู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุŒ
04:37
the composite aortic root graft,
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04:39
there are one or two startling comparisons
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ูุณูŠุจุฏูˆ ู„ูƒ ุฃุญุฏ ุนู†ุตุฑูŠ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ุฐู‡ู„ูŠู†ุŒ
04:41
which I'm sure will be clear to all of you.
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ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณูŠุจุฏูˆ ูˆุงุถุญุงู‹ ู„ูƒู… ุฌู…ูŠุนุงู‹.
04:44
Two hours to install one of our devices,
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ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุฅุญุฏู‰ ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุชู†ุง ู„ุณุงุนุชูŠู†
ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉู‹ ุจุณุชู‘ู ุณุงุนุงุชู
04:47
compared to 6 hours for the existing treatment.
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ู„ู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠ.
ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠ ูŠุชุทู„ุจ ูƒู…ุง ุฐูƒุฑุช ุชูˆุงู‹ุŒ
04:51
As I said, the existing treatment requires the heart-lung bypass machine,
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ู‚ู„ุจุงู‹ ูˆ ุฑุฆุชูŠู† ุตู†ุงุนูŠุชูŠู†
04:54
and it requires a total body cooling.
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ูˆูŠุชุทู„ุจ ุชุจุฑูŠุฏุงู‹ ูƒุงู…ู„ุงู‹ ู„ู„ุฌุณู….
04:56
We don't need any of that. We work on a beating heart.
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ุฃู…ุง ุนู„ุงุฌู†ุง ูู„ุง ูŠุชุทู„ุจ ุฃูŠู‘ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ู‚ู„ุจ ูŠุฎูู‚.
04:59
He opens you up,
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุงู„ุฌุฑุงุญ ุจู‚ุชุญ ุตุฏุฑูƒุŒ ูˆ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุงู† ุงู„ุฃุจู‡ุฑ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู… ู‚ู„ุจูƒ ุจุงู„ุฎูู‚ุงู†ุŒ
05:00
he accesses the aorta while your heart is beating,
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ูˆ ูƒู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ.
05:03
all at the right temperature.
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05:04
No breaking into your circulatory system.
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ุญูŠุซ ู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุซู…ุฉ ุงู†ู‚ุทุงุนูŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ.
05:06
So it really is great.
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ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู…ุฑูŒ ุฑุงุฆุนูŒ ุญู‚ุงู‹.
05:08
But for me, absolutely the best point is,
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ูˆ ู„ูƒู† ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠุŒ ูุฅู† ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุถู„ู‰
05:11
there is no anticoagulation therapy required.
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ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุงุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ุนู„ุงุฌู ู…ุงู†ุนู ู„ู„ุชุฎุซุฑ.
05:14
I don't take any drugs at all,
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ูุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ุฃุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุฃูŠ ุนู‚ุงู‚ูŠุฑ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ุงู‹
05:16
other than recreational ones that I would choose to take.
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ุจุงุณุชุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ุนู‚ุงู‚ูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑููŠู‡ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุฏ ุฃุฎุชุงุฑ ุชู†ุงูˆู„ู‡ุง.
(ุถุญูƒ)
05:19
(Laughter)
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05:20
And in fact, if you speak to people who are on long-term warfarin,
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ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุชุญุฏุซ ู…ุน ุฃุดุฎุงุตู ุฎุถุนูˆุง ู„ุฏูˆุงุก ุงู„ูˆุงุฑูุงุฑูŠู† ู„ุฃู…ุฏู ุจุนูŠุฏูุŒ
05:23
it is a serious compromise to your quality of life,
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ุณุชุนู„ู… ุฃู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุณูŠุดูƒู„ ุฎุทุฑุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุญูŠุงุชูƒ.
05:26
and even worse, it inevitably foreshortens your life.
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ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุฃุณูˆุฃ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
ุฅุฐ ู„ุง ู…ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ุณูŠู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู…ุฏ ุญูŠุงุชูƒ.
ุจุงู„ู…ุซู„ุŒ ุฅู† ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฎูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ุตู…ุงู… ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนูŠุŒ
05:31
Likewise, if you have the artificial valve option,
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05:33
you're committed to antibiotic therapy
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ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุณุชุถุทุฑ ู„ู„ุฎุถูˆุน ู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ
05:35
whenever you have any intrusive medical treatment,
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ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุฎุถุน ููŠู‡ุง ู„ุนู„ุงุฌู ุฏูˆุงุฆูŠู‘ู ุฌุฏูŠุฏู.
05:38
even trips to the dentist require that you take antibiotics,
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ุญุชู‰ ุฑุญู„ุฉูŒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุทุจูŠุจ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ุณุชุชุทู„ุจ ู…ู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุชู†ุงูˆู„ ู…ุถุงุฏุงุชู ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉูุŒ
05:41
in case you get an internal infection on the valve.
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ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุฅุตุงุจุชูƒ ุจุชู„ูˆุซู ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠู‘ู ููŠ ุงู„ุตู…ุงู….
05:44
Again, I don't have any of that, so I'm entirely free,
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ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฏูŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุชุŒ ูˆ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุญุฑู‘ูŒ ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„.
05:47
my artery is fixed.
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ุชู… ุฅุตู„ุงุญ ุดุฑูŠุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุจู‡ุฑุŒ ูˆ ู„ู… ุฃุถุทุฑ ุฃู† ุฃู‚ู„ู‚ ุจุดุฃู†ู‡ุŒ
05:49
I haven't got to worry about it, which is a rebirth for me.
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ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุนุฏ ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉู‹ ู…ู† ุฌุฏูŠุฏู ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠ.
ุจุงู„ุนูˆุฏุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ:
05:55
Back to the theme of the presentation, multidisciplinary research,
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ููŠ ุงู„ุจุญุซ ุงู„ู…ุชุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุชุฎุตุตุงุชุŒ
05:58
how on earth does a process engineer used to working with boilers
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ุฃู†ู‘ู‰ ู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุชู ุงู…ุชู‡ู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฌู„
06:01
end up producing a medical device which transforms his own life?
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ุฃู† ูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุจู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุจุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุฌู‡ุงุฒู ุทุจูŠู‘ู
ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุฐุงุชู‡ุงุŸ
06:05
Well, the answer to that is, a multidisciplinary team.
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ุญุณู†ูŒ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚ ู…ุชุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุชุฎุตุตุงุช.
06:08
This is a list of the core team,
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ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุจุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ.
06:11
and you can see there aren't only two principal technical disciplines there,
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ูˆ ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑูˆู†ุŒ
ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ูู‚ุท ุชุฎุตุตูŠู† ุชู‚ู†ูŠูŠู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ
06:16
medicine and engineering,
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ุงู„ุทุจู‘ ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉุŒ
06:18
but also, there are various specialists from within those two disciplines.
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ุจู„ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุงุฎุชุตุงุตูŠูŠู† ู…ุชู†ูˆุนูŠู†
ู…ุชูุฑุนูŠู† ุนู† ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุงู„ุชุฎุตุตูŠู† ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠู†.
06:22
John Pepper was the cardiac surgeon who did all the actual work on me.
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ุฌูˆู† ุจูŠุจุฑ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
ูƒุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุฌุฑุงุญ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‚ุงู… ุจุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ูุนู„ูŠู‘ ุจุดุฃู†ูŠุŒ
06:27
But everyone else had to contribute one way or another.
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ูˆ ู„ูƒู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃุคู„ุฆูƒ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุชูˆุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุณุงู‡ู…ุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ู ุฃูˆ ุจุขุฎุฑ.
06:30
Raad Mohiaddin, a medical radiologist.
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ุฑุงุฏ ู…ูˆู‡ุงูŠุฏู†ุŒ ุทุจูŠุจ ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ:
06:32
We had to get good-quality images from which to make the CAD model.
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ุชูˆุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุตูˆุฑู ุฐุงุช ุฌูˆุฏุฉู ุนุงู„ูŠุฉู
ูˆ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุตู†ุน ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌู ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุญุงุณูˆุจูŠุฉ.
06:36
Warren Thornton, who still does all our CAD models for us,
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ูˆุงุฑู† ุซูˆุฑู†ุชูˆู†ุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุตู†ุน ุงู„ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ุงู„ุญุงุณูˆุจูŠุฉ ู„ู†ุงุŒ
06:39
had to write a bespoke piece of CAD code
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ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃุถุทุฑ ู„ุชุนุฏูŠู„ ุฌุฒุกู ู…ู† ุดูŠูุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ู…ุชูˆู„ุฏ ุจู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุญุงุณูˆุจ
06:42
to produce this model from this really rather difficult input data set.
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ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุงู†ุชุงุฌ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ
ู…ู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฏุฎู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนู‚ุฏุฉ ู†ูˆุนุงู‹ ู…ุง.
06:49
There are some barriers to this, though, there are some problems.
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ูˆ ู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ูุซู…ุฉ ุญุฏูˆุฏูŒุŒ ุซู…ุฉ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ูŽ ุจู‡.
ุงู„ู„ู‘ุบุฉ ุงู„ุงุตุทู„ุงุญูŠุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃู‡ู…ู‡ุง.
06:53
Jargon is a big one.
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06:54
I would think no one in this room understands the first four jargon points.
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ุฃุฑุฌุญ ุฃู† ุฃุญุฏุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุงู„ุณูŠู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฉ ู„ุง ูŠูู‡ู…
ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ุงุตุทู„ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ.
06:59
The engineers amongst you will recognize "rapid prototyping" and "CAD."
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ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูˆู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูˆู† ุจูŠู†ูƒู…
ุณูŠู…ูŠุฒูˆู† ู…ุตุทู„ุญูŠ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุนุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงูุชุฑุงุถูŠ.
07:03
The medics amongst you, if there are any, will recognize the first two,
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ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ูˆู† ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุทุจ ุงู„ุฌุงู„ุณูˆู† ุจูŠู†ูƒู… ุฅู† ูƒุงู† ุซู…ุฉ ุฃุญุฏูŒ ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ุณูˆู ูŠู…ูŠุฒูˆู† ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุตุทู„ุญูŠู†.
07:06
but there will be nobody else here that understands all those four words.
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ูˆ ู„ูƒู† ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃุญุฏูŒ ุขุฎุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฉ
ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ ุฃู† ูŠูู‡ู… ุฌู…ูŠุน ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน.
07:10
Taking the jargon out was very important
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ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูุฅู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฅุจุนุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช ุชู„ูƒ ูƒุงู†ุช ุบุงูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ
07:12
to ensure that everyone in the team understood exactly what was meant
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ู„ู„ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† ุฃู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃุนุถุงุก ุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚
ูู‡ู…ูˆุง ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ู…ุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ
07:16
when a particular phrase was used.
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ุนู†ุฏ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุนุจุงุฑุฉู ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉู.
ูƒุงู†ุช ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุบุฑูŠุจุฉู‹ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ.
07:19
Our disciplinary conventions were funny as well.
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07:21
We took a lot of horizontal slice images through me,
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ูู‚ุฏ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูู‚ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ูŠุŒ
07:24
produced those slices and used them to build a CAD model.
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ุฃู†ุชุฌู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุŒ ูˆ ู…ู† ุซู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ุจู†ุงุก ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌู ุงูุชุฑุงุถูŠู‘ู ุจู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุญุงุณูˆุจ.
07:28
And the very first CAD model we made,
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ูˆ ุนู†ุฏ ุตู†ุน ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงูุชุฑุงุถูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃู†ุชุฌู†ุงู‡ุŒ
07:30
the surgeons were playing with it and couldn't quite figure it out.
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ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฌุฑุงุญูˆู† ูŠู„ุนุจูˆู† ุจู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠุŒ
ูˆ ู„ู… ูŠุณุชุทูŠุนูˆุง ุฅุฏุฑุงูƒู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุญูˆู ุตุญูŠุญู.
07:35
And then we realized that it was actually a mirror image of the real aorta.
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ูˆ ู…ู† ุซู… ุฃุฏุฑูƒู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉู‹ ุนู† ุตูˆุฑุฉู ู…ุนูƒูˆุณุฉู
ู„ู„ุดุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุจู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ.
07:39
And it was a mirror image because in the real world,
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ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู†ุช ุตูˆุฑุฉู‹ ู…ุนูƒูˆุณุฉู‹
ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนูŠ ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู†ุญูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฎุทุทุงุช ู„ู„ุฃุณูู„ุŒ
07:42
we always look down on plans,
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07:44
plans of houses, or streets, or maps.
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ู…ุฎุทุทุงุช ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฒู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฎุฑุงุฆุท.
07:47
In the medical world, they look up at plans.
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ููŠ ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุทุจุŒ ูุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠู†ุธุฑูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฎุทุทุงุช ู†ุญูˆ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰.
07:50
So the horizontal images were all in inversion.
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ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูุฅู† ุงู„ุตูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฃูู‚ูŠุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฌู…ูŠุนู‡ุง ู…ุนูƒูˆุณุฉู‹.
07:53
So, one needs to be careful with disciplinary conventions.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุงุจุฏ ู…ู† ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุญุฐุฑ ููŠู…ุง ูŠุฎุต ุงู„ุฎุจุฑุงุช ุงู„ุชุฎุตุตูŠุฉ.
07:56
Everyone needs to understand what is assumed and what is not.
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ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูู‡ู…
ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุจุฏูŠู‡ูŠู‘ูŒ ูˆ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ุจุจุฏูŠู‡ูŠู‘ู.
ุงู„ุนูˆุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ุฅุฏุงุฑูŠุฉ
08:02
Institutional barriers were another serious headache in the project.
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ูƒุงู†ุช ุนุจุงุฑุฉู‹ ุนู† ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุน.
08:06
The Brompton Hospital was taken over
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ูู‚ุฏ ุชู… ุงู„ุงุณุชูŠู„ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุดูู‰ ุจุฑูˆู…ุจุชูˆู†
08:08
by the Imperial College School of Medicine.
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ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุทุจ ููŠ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุงู…ุจุฑูŠุงู„
08:10
And there are some seriously bad relationship problems
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ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุณูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ูุนู„ูŠุฉ
ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุคุณุณุชูŠู†.
08:14
between the two organizations.
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08:15
I was working with the Imperial and the Brompton,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒู†ุช ุฃุนู…ู„ ู„ุฏู‰ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุงู…ุจุฑูŠุงู„ ูˆ ู…ุดูู‰ ุจุฑูˆู…ุจุชูˆู†ุŒ
ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฎู„ู‚ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠู‘ุฉ ู…ุน ุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุนุŒ
08:18
and this generated some serious problems for the project.
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08:20
Really, problems that shouldn't exist.
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ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ู„ู… ูŠู†ุจุบ ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุฃู† ุชุชูˆุงุฌุฏ.
08:23
Research & Ethics Committee.
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ู„ุฌู†ุฉ ุงู„ุจุญุซ ูˆ ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุนู…ู„: ุฅู† ูƒู†ุช ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุฃูŠ ุนู…ู„ู ุฌุฏูŠุฏู ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงุญุฉุŒ
08:25
If you want to do anything new in surgery,
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ูุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฃู† ุชุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุฎุตุฉู ู…ู† ู„ุฌู†ุฉ ุงู„ุจุญุซ ูˆ ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงุจุน ู„ู‡ุง.
08:27
you have to get a license from your local Research & Ethics.
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ุฃู†ุง ู…ุชุฃูƒุฏูŒ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุฐุงุชูู‡ ููŠ ุจูˆู„ู†ุฏุง.
08:30
I'm sure it's the same in Poland.
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ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุซู…ู‘ุฉ ู…ุง ูŠุนุงุฏู„
08:32
There will be some form of equivalent which licenses new types of surgery.
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ุดู‡ุงุฏุงุชู ู„ู†ูˆุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏู ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุฑุงุญุฉ.
08:37
We didn't only have the bureaucratic problems associated with that,
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ู„ู… ู†ุชุนุฑุถ ูู‚ุท ู„ู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุจูŠุฑูˆู‚ุฑุงุทูŠุฉ ููŠู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจู‡ุฐุงุŒ
08:40
we also had professional jealousies.
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ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุงู„ุบูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ูŠุฉ.
08:42
There were people on the Research & Ethics committee
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ุญูŠุซ ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุฃุดุฎุงุต ููŠ ู„ุฌู†ุฉ ุงู„ุจุญุซ ูˆ ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฉ
ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู„ู… ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆุง ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุฃู† ูŠุฑูˆุง ุฌูˆู† ุจูŠุจุฑ ูŠู†ุฌุญ ู…ู† ุฌุฏูŠุฏุŒ
08:45
who really didn't want to see John Pepper succeed again.
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ูˆ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ู†ุงุฌุญุงู‹ ุฌุฏุงู‹.
08:48
Because he is so successful.
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08:49
And they made extra problems for us.
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ูู‚ุฏ ุงุตุทู†ุนูˆุง ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„.
08:53
Bureaucratic problems.
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ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุจูŠุฑูˆู‚ุฑุงุทูŠุฉ:
08:55
Ultimately, when you have a new treatment,
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ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชู…ุชู„ูƒ ุนู„ุงุฌุงู‹ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุงู‹
08:58
you have to have a guidance note for all the hospitals in the country.
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ูุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฃู† ุชูˆุฌู‡ ู…ุฐูƒุฑุฉ
ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ู…ุดุงููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏ.
09:02
In the UK, we have the National Institute and Clinical Excellence.
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ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู…ู„ูƒุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุนู‡ุฏ ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠ ู„ู„ุฅู…ุชูŠุงุฒ ุงู„ุทุจูŠ ู†ุงูŠุณ.
ูˆ ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ู…ุนุงุฏู„ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุจูˆู„ู†ุฏุง ุจู„ุง ุดูƒ.
09:06
You have an equivalent in Poland, no doubt.
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ุชูˆุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุชุบู„ุจ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู†ุงูŠุณ.
09:08
And we had to get past the NICE problem.
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ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุฐูƒุฑุฉ ุทุจูŠุฉ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุดุจูƒุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑู†ุช.
09:11
We now have a great clinical guidance, out on the net.
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ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃูŠ ู…ุดูู‰ู‹ ู…ู‡ุชู…ู
09:14
So any other hospitals interested can come along, read the NICE report,
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ ุฃู† ูŠุฃุชูŠ ู„ูŠู‚ุฑุฃ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุฑ ู†ุงูŠุณ
09:18
get in touch with us, and then get doing it themselves.
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ูˆ ู…ู† ุซู… ูŠุชุตู„ ุจู†ุง ูˆ ู…ู† ุซู… ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ู… ุจุฃู†ูุณู‡ู….
ุงู„ุนูˆุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ุชู…ูˆูŠู„ูŠุฉ:
09:24
Funding barriers, another big area to be concerned with.
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ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ูŒ ูˆุงุณุนูŒ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู„ุนู†ุงูŠุฉ ุจู‡.
ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉูŒ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉูŒ ููŠ ุฅุฏุฑุงูƒ ุฃุญุฏ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฑุคู‰:
09:30
A big problem with understanding one of those perspectives.
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุงู„ุทุฑุญ ู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ
09:33
When we first approached one of the big, charitable UK organizations
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ู‚ุงู…ุช ุฅุญุฏู‰ ุงู„ู…ุคุณุณุงุช ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู…ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูŠุน ุจุชู…ูˆูŠู„ู†ุงุŒ
09:37
that fund this kind of stuff,
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ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุฌู„ู‘ ู…ุง ูŠู†ุธุฑูˆู† ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ู ุฌูˆู‡ุฑูŠู‘ู ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุทุฑุญ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠ.
09:39
we essentially gave them an engineering proposal.
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09:41
They didn't understand it, they were doctors, next to God,
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ูู‡ู… ู„ู… ูŠุณุชูˆุนุจูˆู‡ุ› ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุฃุทุจุงุก ุฐูˆูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุงุชู ู…ุฑู…ูˆู‚ุฉู ุฌุฏุงู‹.
ู„ุงุจุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ุฑุงุกุŒ ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูู‚ุฏ ุฃู‡ู…ู„ูˆู‡.
09:44
it must be rubbish, they binned it.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ูู‚ุฏ ู‚ุตุฏุช ู…ุณุชุซู…ุฑูŠู† ุฎุงุตู‘ูŠู†
09:46
So in the end, I went after private investors, just gave up on it.
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ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ุชุฎู„ูŠุช ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุนู†ุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญุฏ.
09:49
Most R&D is going to be institutionally funded,
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ูˆ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุนุธู… ู‡ูŠุฆุงุช ุงู„ุจุญุซ ูˆ ุงู„ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ุณูŠุชู… ุชู…ูˆูŠู„ู‡ุง ู…ุคุณุณุงุชูŠุงู‹ุŒ
09:52
by the Polish Academy of Sciences
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ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุฃูƒุงุฏูŠู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุจูˆู„ู†ุฏูŠุฉ
ุฃูˆ ู…ุฌู„ุณ ุฃุจุญุงุซ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃูŠู‘ ู…ุคุณุณุฉู ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ
09:55
or the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, or whatever.
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09:58
And you need to get past those people.
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ูˆ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฃู† ุชุชุบู„ุจ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต.
ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช ุชุนุชุจุฑ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูƒุจุฑู‰ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ุชุนู…ู„ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุชุฎุตุตุงุชุŒ
10:01
Jargon is a huge problem when you try to work across disciplines,
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉุŒ
10:04
because in an engineering world, we all understand CAD and RP.
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ุฌู…ูŠุนู†ุง ู†ุณุชูˆุนุจ ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงูุชุฑุงุถูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ
10:07
Not in the medical world.
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ูˆ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูŠุณ ููŠ ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุทุจ.
ุฃูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูˆู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุจูŠุฑูˆู‚ุฑุงุทูŠูŠู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุฃู† ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆุง ุจูˆุงุฌุจู‡ู… ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ.
10:10
I suppose the funding bureaucrats ultimately have to get their act together.
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ูู‡ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุฃู† ูŠุจุฏุฃูˆุง ุจุงู„ุชุญุฏุซ ุฅู„ู‰ ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุงู„ุจุนุถ ุญู‚ุงู‹ุŒ
10:13
They've really got to start talking to each other,
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ูˆ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุฃู† ูŠุชุฏุฑุจูˆุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃูู‚ุŒ
10:15
and exercise a bit of imagination, if that's not too much to ask.
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ุฅู† ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู…ุง ู†ุทู„ุจู‡ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ
10:19
(Laughter)
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10:20
Which it probably is.
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ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุฌุญ..
10:22
(Laughter)
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10:23
I've coined the phrase "obstructive conservatism."
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุตุบุช ุนุจุงุฑุฉ "ุงู„ุชุนุตุจ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู‚".
10:26
So many people in the medical world don't want to change.
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ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุทุจู‘ ู„ุง ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุŒ
10:29
Particularly when some jumped-up engineer has come along with the answer.
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ูˆ ู„ุง ุณูŠู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŒ ูุฌุฃุฉู‹ ุญุงู…ู„ุงู‹ ู…ุนู‡ ุงู„ุญู„.
ู„ุงูŠุฑุบุจูˆู† ุจุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ.
10:33
They don't want to change.
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10:34
They simply want to do whatever they've done before.
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ุจูƒู„ู‘ู ุจุณุงุทุฉู ู‡ู… ูŠุฑุบุจูˆู† ุจุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุญูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃู„ููˆู‡.
ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ุซู…ุฉ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุฑุงุญูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู…ู„ูƒุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ
10:37
And in fact, many surgeons in the UK are still waiting
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ู„ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ูˆู† ูŠู†ุชุธุฑูˆู† ุฃุญุฏ ู…ุฑุถุงู†ุง
10:40
for one of our patients to have some sort of an episode,
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ุฃู† ูŠู‚ุน ููŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูƒุณุงุชุŒ
10:43
so that they could say, "Told you that was no good."
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ูˆ ุจู‡ุฐุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ู… ุฃู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุงุŒ "ุขู‡ุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฃุฎุจุฑุชูƒ ุฃู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุฌูŠุฏุงู‹."
10:46
We've actually got 30 patients.
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ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุญุตู„ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ 30 ู…ุฑูŠุถุงู‹.
10:48
At seven and a half years,
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ู‡ุง ุฃู†ุง ุฐุง ุจุนุฏ ุณุจุน ุฃุนูˆุงู…ู ูˆ ู†ุตู ุงู„ุนุงู…
10:50
we've got 90 post-op patient years between us,
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ู…ู†ุฐ ุจุฏุก ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 90 ู…ุฑูŠุถุง ููŠ ุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉุŒ
10:52
and we haven't had a single problem.
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ูˆ ู„ู… ู†ุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉู ูˆุงุญุฏุฉู.
10:54
And still, there are people in the UK saying,
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ูˆ ู„ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ุŒ ุซู…ุฉ ุฃุดุฎุงุตูŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู…ู„ูƒุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู†ุŒ
10:56
"That external aortic root, it will never work, you know."
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"ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุงู† ุงู„ุฌุฐุนูŠ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู„ู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ุŒ ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู† ุฐู„ูƒ."
10:59
It really is a problem.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญู‚ุงู‹ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŒ ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ.
ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† ุฃู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ู…ู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฉ ู…ุฑู‘ ุจุจุนุถ ุงู„ุนุฌุฑูุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ุง
11:02
I'm sure everyone in this room has come across arrogance
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ู…ุณุนููŠู† ูƒุงู†ูˆุงุŒ ุฃุทุจุงุกุŒ ุฃู… ุฌุฑู‘ุงุญูŠู†
11:05
amongst medics, doctors, surgeons, at some point.
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11:08
The middle point is simply the way that the doctors protect themselves.
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ูˆ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ูˆุณุทู‰ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุญู…ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุทุจุงุก ุฃู†ูุณู‡ู….
11:13
"Well, of course, I'm looking after my patient."
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"ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุญุณู† ุจุงู„ุทุจุนุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุนุชู†ูŠ ุจู…ุฑูŠุถูŠ."
11:15
I think it's not good, but that's my view.
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ูˆ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ูŠุณ ุจุฌูŠุฏุŒ ุฃู†ุช ุญุฑู‘ูŒุŒ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุฌู‡ุฉ ู†ุธุฑูŠ.
11:19
Egos, of course, again a huge problem.
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ุงู„ุบุฑูˆุฑุŒ ุทุจุนุงู‹ุŒ ูˆ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉู‹ ูƒุจุฑู‰
ุฅู† ูƒู†ุช ุชุนู…ู„ ููŠ ูุฑูŠู‚ู ู…ุชุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุงุฎุชุตุงุตุงุชุŒ
11:22
If you work in a multidisciplinary team,
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ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฃู† ุชู‚ุฏู… ู„ุฒู…ู„ุงุฆูƒ ููˆุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ุดู‘ูƒ.
11:24
you've got to give your guys the benefit of the doubt,
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11:26
you've got to express support for them.
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ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฌุณุฏ ุงู„ุฏุนู… ู„ู„ูุฑูŠู‚.
11:28
Tom Treasure, professor of cardiothoracic surgery.
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ุชูˆู… ุชุฑูŠุฌุฑุŒ ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุจูˆููŠุณูˆุฑ ู…ุฎุชุตุตูŒ ููŠ ุฌุฑุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ:
ุดุฎุตูŒ ู„ุง ูŠุตุฏู‚.
11:32
Incredible guy.
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11:33
Dead easy to give him respect.
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ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฃู† ุชุนุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠู† ู„ุชุธู‡ุฑ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุงุญุชุฑุงู….
11:35
Him giving me respect? Slightly different.
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ูˆ ู‡ู„ ู‚ุงู… ุจุฏูˆุฑู‡ ุจุงุญุชุฑุงู…ูŠุŸ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ููŒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏู‘ู ุจุนูŠุฏู.
11:37
(Laughter)
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ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆุฉ.
11:39
That's all the bad news.
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11:40
The good news is, the benefits are stonkingly huge.
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ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ูู‡ูŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉูŒ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุญูˆู ู…ุจู‡ุฑ.
11:44
Translate that one! I bet they can't.
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ุชุฑุฌู… ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทุนุŒ ุฃุฑุงู‡ู† ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ู… ู„ู† ูŠุณุชุทูŠุนูˆุง ุฐู„ูƒ.
(ุถุญูƒ)
11:47
(Laughter)
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11:48
When you have a group of people with different professional training,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉูŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต
ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชู…ุฑุณูˆุง ููŠ ุนุฏุฉ ู†ูˆุงุญู ุงุฎุชุตุงุตูŠุฉูุŒ ูˆ ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุจุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ
11:51
a different professional experience,
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11:53
they not only have a different knowledge base,
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ูู‡ู… ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู…ุนุงุฑู ุนุงู…ุฉ ูู‚ุทุŒ
ูˆ ุฅู†ู…ุง ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุฑุคู‰ู‹ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉู‹ ู„ูƒู„ู‘ ุดูŠุกู.
11:56
but also a different perspective on everything.
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ูˆ ุฅู† ุชู…ูƒู†ุช ู…ู† ุฌู…ุน ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุณูˆูŠุฉู‹
11:58
And if you can bring them together,
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ูˆ ุฌุนู„ุชู‡ู… ูŠุชูƒู„ู…ูˆู† ูˆ ูŠุชูุงู‡ู…ูˆู† ุณูˆูŠุฉู‹ุŒ
12:00
and get them talking and understanding each other,
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12:02
the results can be spectacular.
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ูุฅู† ุงู„ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุฐู‡ู„ุฉู‹.
12:05
You can find really novel solutions that have never been looked at before,
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชู‚ุฏู… ุญู„ูˆู„ุงู‹ ุงุจุฏุงุนูŠุฉู‹ุŒ ุญู‚ุง ุฅุจุฏุงุนูŠุฉุŒ
ูˆ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ู… ูŠุณุจู‚ ุฃู† ุชู…ู‘ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„
12:10
very quickly and easily.
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ุณุฑูŠุนุงู‹ุŒ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ูˆ ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ.
12:12
You can short-cut huge amounts of work
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฎุชุตุฑ ูƒู…ู‘ุงู‹ ู‡ุงุฆู„ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„
12:15
simply by using the extended knowledge base you have.
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ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุณุนุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุฏูŠูƒ.
ูˆ ูƒู†ุชูŠุฌุฉุŒ
12:19
And as a result, it's an entirely different use
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ูุฅู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุจู…ุซุงุจุฉ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุขุฎุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุญูˆู ูƒุงู…ู„ู ู„ู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ
ูˆ ู„ู„ู…ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ู† ุญูˆู„ูƒ.
12:24
of the technology and the knowledge around you.
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ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุฉ
12:27
The result of all this is that you can get incredibly quick progress
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ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู‚ุฏู…ู ุณุฑูŠุนู ุจุดูƒู„ู ู„ุงูŠุตุฏู‚
12:31
on incredibly small budgets.
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ุจู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉู ุจุดูƒู„ู ู„ุง ูŠุตุฏู‚.
12:33
I'm so embarrassed at how cheap it was to get from my idea
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ูˆ ุฃุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ุงุณุชุญูŠุงุก ู…ู† ุชูˆุงุถุน ุชูƒู„ูุชู‡ุง
ุงุจุชุฏุงุกู‹ ู…ู† ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุจู„ูˆุฑุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ููƒุฑุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉู ุจูŠุŒ ูˆุตูˆู„ุงู‹ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฒุฑุงุนุชู‡ุง ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ
12:37
to me being implanted
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ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฃู†ูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุณุชุนุฏู ู„ุฅุฎุจุงุฑูƒู… ุจุชูƒู„ูุชู‡ุง.
12:39
that I'm not prepared to tell you what it cost,
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ู„ุฃู†ูŠ ุฃุนู„ู… ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ
12:41
because I suspect there are absolutely standard surgical treatments,
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ุนู„ุงุฌุงุชู ุฌุฑุงุญูŠุฉู‹ ู…ุนูŠุงุฑูŠุฉู‹ ุจุดูƒู„ู ู…ุทู„ู‚ู
ุฑุจู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ
12:45
probably in the USA,
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12:46
which cost more for a one-off patient
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ูˆ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูƒู„ู ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ
ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ูุฑุฏ
12:51
than the cost of us getting from my dream to my reality.
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ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุชูƒู„ูุชู†ุง ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ู†ูู‚ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ู…ู† ุญู„ู…ูŠ
ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆุงู‚ุนูŠ.
12:56
That's all I want to say, and I've got three minutes left.
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ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฃูˆุฏู‘ ุฃู† ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆ ุจู‚ูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู‘ ุซู„ุงู„ุซ ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚.
12:59
So, Ewa's going to like me.
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ูˆ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูŠุฐุฑ ุณูˆู ุชุญุจู†ูŠ.
13:01
If you have any questions, please come up and talk to me later on,
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ุฅู† ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒู… ุฃูŠ ุณุคุงู„ูุŒ ุงู„ุฑุฌุงุก ุชู‚ุฏู…ูˆุง ูˆ ุชุญุฏุซูˆุง ุฅู„ูŠ ู„ุงุญู‚ุงู‹.
13:04
it would be a pleasure to speak with you.
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ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฏุนุงุฉู‹ ู„ู„ุบุจุทุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃุชุญุฏุซ ุฅู„ูŠูƒู…. ุฌุฒูŠู„ ุงู„ุดูƒุฑ ู„ูƒู….
13:06
Many thanks.
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13:07
(Applause)
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ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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