Tal Golesworthy: How I repaired my own heart

97,978 views ใƒป 2012-04-12

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
ืื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืก ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื.
00:16
I'm a process engineer, I know all about boilers and incinerators
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœ ืขืœ ื“ื•ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืจืคื•ืช
00:20
and fabric filters, and cyclones, and things like that.
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ื•ืžืกื ื ื™ ื‘ื“ ื•ืฆื™ืงืœื•ื ื™ื ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”.
ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืืช ืกื™ื ื“ืจื•ื ืžืจืคืŸ.
00:24
But I also have Marfan syndrome.
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ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ ืžื•ืจืฉ.
00:26
This is an inherited disorder.
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00:28
And in 1992, I participated in a genetic study,
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ื•ื‘ 1992
ื”ืฉืชืชืคืชื™ ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื’ื ื˜ื™
00:32
and found to my horror, as you can see from the slide,
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ื•ืžืฆืืชื™ ืœืชื“ื”ืžืชื™, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื”ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื”ื–ื•,
00:35
that my ascending aorta was not in the normal range,
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ืฉืื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืจืงื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ื ื•ืจืžืœื™,
ื”ืงื• ื”ื™ืจื•ืง ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช.
00:39
the green line at the bottom.
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ื›ื•ืœื ืคื” ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ 3.2 ืœ 3.6 ืก"ืž.
00:41
Everyone in here will be between 3.2-3.6,
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ืื ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ 4.4.
00:44
and I was already up at 4.4.
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00:46
And as you can see, my aorta dilated progressively,
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ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช,
ืื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืจืงื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื”,
00:50
and I got closer and closer to the point where surgery was going to be necessary.
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ื•ื”ืชืงืจื‘ืชื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ
ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ื” ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ืจื—ื™.
00:55
The surgery on offer was pretty gruesome.
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ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžื•ืฆืข ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ ืžื—ืจื™ื“ --
ืžืจื“ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืš, ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืœืš ืืช ื”ื—ื–ื”,
00:59
Anesthetize you, open your chest,
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01:01
put you on an artificial heart and lung machine,
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ืฉืžื™ื ืืชื›ื ืขืœ ืžื›ื•ื ืช ืœื‘ ืจื™ืื”,
01:04
drop your body temperature to about 18 centigrade,
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ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื›ื ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื” 18 ืžืขืœื•ืช,
01:07
stop your heart, cut the aorta out,
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ืขื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื‘, ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ืืช ืื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืจืงื™ื,
01:10
replace it with a plastic valve and a plastic aorta.
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ืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉืกืชื•ื ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ื•ืื‘ื™ ืขื•ืจืงื™ื ืžืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง,
ื•ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
01:14
And most importantly, commit you to a lifetime of anticoagulation therapy.
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ืฉืžื™ื ืืชื›ื ืขืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืฉื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื•ื•ืจืคื™ืŸ.
01:19
Normally, warfarin.
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ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช.
01:21
The thought of the surgery was not attractive.
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01:23
The thought of the warfarin was really quite frightening.
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ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื•ื•ืจืคื™ืŸ
ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืคื—ื™ื“ื”.
ืื– ืืžืจืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™, ืื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืก, ืื ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื—,
01:28
So I said to myself,
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01:29
"I'm an engineer, I'm in R&D, this is just a plumbing problem."
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ื–ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ืฉืจื‘ืจื‘ื•ืช.
ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”. ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
01:33
"I can do this, I can change this."
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ืื– ื™ืฆืืชื™
01:35
So I set out to change the entire treatment for aortic dilation.
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ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ
ืœื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ืื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืจืงื™ื.
01:41
The project aim is really quite simple.
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ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”.
01:45
The only real problem with the ascending aorta
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืขื ืื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืจืงื™ื
01:48
in people with Marfan syndrome
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ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืกื™ื ื“ืจื•ื ืžืจืคืŸ
01:50
is that it lacks some tensile strength.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื—ืกืจ ืœื• ื›ื•ื— ืžืชื™ื—ื”.
ืื– ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžืช
01:53
So, the possibility exists to simply externally wrap the pipe,
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืขื˜ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ.
01:58
and it would remain stable and operate quite happily.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืืจ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ื•ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”.
ืื ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ื”ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉืœื›ื,
02:02
If your high-pressure hose pipe or hydraulic line bulges a little,
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ืื• ืงื• ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื™ื“ืจืื•ืœื™, ืชื•ืคื— ืžืขื˜,
ืืชื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขื•ื˜ืคื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืขื ืžืขื˜ ืกืจื˜ ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ.
02:07
you just wrap some tape around it, it really is that simple.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื”,
02:10
In concept, though not in execution.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข.
02:14
The great advantage of an external support, for me,
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ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™
02:17
was that I could retain all of my own bits,
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ื”ื™ื” ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืœื™,
02:20
all of my own endothelium and valves,
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ื›ืœ ื”ืื ื“ื•ื˜ืœ ื•ื”ืฉืกืชื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœื™,
02:22
and not need any anticoagulation therapy.
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ื•ืœื ืืฆื˜ืจืš ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
ืื– ืื™ืคื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื?
02:27
So, where do we start?
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื–ื” ื—ืชืš ืกืื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ื“ืจื›ื™.
02:28
This is a sagittal slice through me.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื–
02:31
In the middle, you can see that little structure squeezing out,
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ืืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ื ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”.
02:35
that's the left ventricle,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ื”ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืฉืžืืœื™
02:37
pushing blood out through the aortic valve.
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ืฉื“ื•ื—ืฃ ื“ื ื“ืจืš ืฉืกืชื•ื ืื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืจืงื™ื --
ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžื”ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืกืชื•ื ืื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืจืงื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื --
02:40
You can see two of the leaflets of the aortic valve working there.
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02:43
Up into the ascending aorta.
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ืœืžืขืœื” ืœืชื•ืš ืื‘ ื”ืขื•ืจืงื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœื”.
02:45
And it's that part, the ascending aorta,
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื–ื”, ืื‘ ื”ืขื•ืจืงื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœื”,
ืฉืžืชืจื—ื‘ ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืคืจืฅ,
02:49
which dilates and ultimately bursts, which of course is fatal.
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ืฉื–ื”, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืงื˜ืœื ื™.
02:54
We started by organizing image acquisition
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช
02:57
from magnetic resonance and CT imaging machines,
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ืžืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื“ื™ืžื•ืช ืชื”ื•ื“ื” ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ืช
ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื“ื™ืžื•ืช CT
03:02
from which to make a model of the patient's aorta.
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ืžื”ื ื ื‘ื ื” ืžื•ื“ืœ
ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืจืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื”.
ื–ื” ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืจืงื™ื ืฉืœื™.
03:09
This is a model of my aorta.
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03:11
I've got a real one in my pocket,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืื—ื“ ืืžื™ืชื™ ื‘ื›ื™ืก,
03:13
if anyone would like to look at it, and play with it.
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ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ืจืฆื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื•ืœืฉื—ืง ืขื ื–ื”.
03:15
(Laughter)
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03:16
You can see it's quite a complex structure.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช, ื–ื” ืžื‘ื ื” ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘.
03:18
It has a funny tri-lobal shape at the bottom,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืฆื•ืจื” ืชืœืช ืื•ื ืชื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช,
03:21
which contains the aortic valve.
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ืฉืžื›ื™ืœ ืืช ืฉืกืชื•ื ืื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืจืงื™ื.
03:23
It then comes back into a round form,
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ืื– ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืฆื•ืจื” ืขื’ื•ืœื”
03:25
and then tapers and curves off.
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ื•ืื– ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ืงื•ื˜ืจื• ื•ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”.
ืื– ื–ื” ืžื‘ื ื” ื“ื™ ืžืกื•ื‘ืš
03:28
It's quite a difficult structure to produce.
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ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ.
ื–ื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจืชื™, ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื“ืœ ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืœื™,
03:33
This is a sort of CAD model of me,
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03:34
and this is one of the later CAD models.
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ื•ื–ื” ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:36
We went through an iterative process of producing better and better models.
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ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™
ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื›ืฉื™ืฆืจื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื–ื”
03:41
When we produced that model,
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03:43
we turned it into a solid, plastic model, as you can see,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื•ื“ืœ ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ืžื•ืฆืง,
ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช,
03:48
using a rapid prototyping technique, another engineering technique.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื”ื™ืจ,
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื ื“ืกื”.
03:52
We then used that former
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ืช
03:54
to manufacture a perfectly bespoke porous textile mesh,
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ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืจืฉืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ืจื™ืจื™ืช
ื”ืžื•ืชืืžืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช,
03:58
which takes the shape of the former and perfectly fits the aorta.
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ืฉืžืงื‘ืœืช ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ืช
ื•ืžืชืื™ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ืฉืœื ืœืื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืจืงื™ื.
04:02
So this is absolutely personalized medicine at its best, really.
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ืื– ื–ื• ืชืจื•ืคื” ืžื•ืชืืžืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช
ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืืžืช.
ืœื›ืœ ื—ื•ืœื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื•
04:07
Every patient we do has an absolutely bespoke implant.
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ื™ืฉ ืฉืชืœ ืžื•ืชืื ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
04:12
Once you've made it, the installation is quite easy.
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื ืื•ืชื•, ื”ื”ืชืงื ื” ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”.
04:15
John Pepper, bless his heart, professor of cardiothoracic surgery.
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ื’'ื•ืŸ ืคืคืจ, ื™ื‘ื•ืจืš,
ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืœื ื™ืชื•ื— ืงืจื“ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ --
ืœื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ืžืขื•ืœื --
04:21
Never done it before in his life, he put the first one in, didn't like it,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืœื ืื”ื‘ ืืช ื–ื”, ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื•, ื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™.
04:24
he put the second one in.
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ืฉืžื—, ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื“ืจื›ื•.
04:26
Happy, away I went.
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ืืจื‘ืข ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื.
04:27
Four and a half hours on the table, and everything was done.
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ืื– ื”ืฉืชืœ ื”ื›ื™ืจื•ืจื’ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืงืœ.
04:30
So the surgical implantation was actually the easiest part.
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ืื ืืชื ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื ื• ืœืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช,
04:34
If you compare our new treatment to the existing alternative,
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ืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื ืฉืชืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืจืงื™ื ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘,
04:37
the composite aortic root graft,
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04:39
there are one or two startling comparisons
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืžืคื—ื™ื“ื” ืื• ืฉืชื™ื™ื,
04:41
which I'm sure will be clear to all of you.
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ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื•ืœื›ื.
04:44
Two hours to install one of our devices,
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ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื ืœื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืฉืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช
04:47
compared to 6 hours for the existing treatment.
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ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืงื™ื™ื.
ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉ, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจืชื™,
04:51
As I said, the existing treatment requires the heart-lung bypass machine,
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ืžืขืงืฃ ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ืช ืœื‘ ืจื™ืื”
04:54
and it requires a total body cooling.
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ื•ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ื’ื•ืฃ ื›ืœืœื™.
04:56
We don't need any of that. We work on a beating heart.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื–ื”; ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืœื‘ ืคื•ืขื.
04:59
He opens you up,
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ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืชื— ืืชื›ื, ื”ื•ื ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืœืื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืจืงื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืœื‘ ืคื•ืขื,
05:00
he accesses the aorta while your heart is beating,
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ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”.
05:03
all at the right temperature.
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05:04
No breaking into your circulatory system.
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ืœื ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื“ื ืฉืœื›ื.
05:06
So it really is great.
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ืื– ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
05:08
But for me, absolutely the best point is,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™, ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
05:11
there is no anticoagulation therapy required.
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื ื•ื’ื“ ืงืจื™ืฉื”.
05:14
I don't take any drugs at all,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืœื•ืงื— ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ
05:16
other than recreational ones that I would choose to take.
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ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœืœื ืžืจืฉื ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืœืงื—ืช.
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:19
(Laughter)
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05:20
And in fact, if you speak to people who are on long-term warfarin,
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ืืชื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืจืคื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืืจื•ืš,
05:23
it is a serious compromise to your quality of life,
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ื–ื• ืคืฉืจื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
05:26
and even worse, it inevitably foreshortens your life.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื’ืจื•ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ,
ื–ื” ืžืงืฆืจ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื›ื ืœืœื ืกืคืง.
ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืฉืกืชื•ื ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™,
05:31
Likewise, if you have the artificial valve option,
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05:33
you're committed to antibiotic therapy
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ืืชื ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™
05:35
whenever you have any intrusive medical treatment,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืืชื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™ ืคื•ืœืฉื ื™.
05:38
even trips to the dentist require that you take antibiotics,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืืฆืœ ืจื•ืคื ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™,
05:41
in case you get an internal infection on the valve.
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ืœืžืงืจื” ืฉืชืงื‘ืœื• ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉืกืชื•ื.
05:44
Again, I don't have any of that, so I'm entirely free,
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื–ื”, ืื– ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
05:47
my artery is fixed.
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ืื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืจืงื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืžืชื•ืงืŸ, ืื ื™ ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื•,
05:49
I haven't got to worry about it, which is a rebirth for me.
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ืฉื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืœื™ื“ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™.
ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื’ืช:
05:55
Back to the theme of the presentation, multidisciplinary research,
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ืžื—ืงืจ ืจื‘-ืชื—ื•ืžื™,
05:58
how on earth does a process engineer used to working with boilers
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ืื™ืš ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžื”ื ื“ืก ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืฉืจื’ื™ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ื“ื•ื•ื“ื™ื
06:01
end up producing a medical device which transforms his own life?
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ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืจืคื•ืื™
ืฉืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœื•?
06:05
Well, the answer to that is, a multidisciplinary team.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืฆื•ื•ืช ืจื‘ ืชื—ื•ืžื™.
06:08
This is a list of the core team,
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ื–ื• ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก.
06:11
and you can see there aren't only two principal technical disciplines there,
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ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช,
ื™ืฉ ืจืง ืฉืชื™ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉื,
06:16
medicine and engineering,
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ืจืคื•ืื” ื•ื”ื ื“ืกื”,
06:18
but also, there are various specialists from within those two disciplines.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื
ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืกื™ืคืœื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
06:22
John Pepper was the cardiac surgeon who did all the actual work on me.
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ื’'ื•ืŸ ืคืคืจ ืฉื
ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื ืชื— ื”ืงืจื“ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœื™,
06:27
But everyone else had to contribute one way or another.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืชืจื•ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ืื• ืื—ืจืช.
06:30
Raad Mohiaddin, a medical radiologist.
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ืจืื“ ืžื•ื”ื™ื“ื™ืŸ, ืจื“ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ ืจืคื•ืื™:
06:32
We had to get good-quality images from which to make the CAD model.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ื”
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื•ื“ืœ ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘.
06:36
Warren Thornton, who still does all our CAD models for us,
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ื•ื•ืจืŸ ื˜'ื•ืจื ื˜ื•ืŸ, ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื•,
06:39
had to write a bespoke piece of CAD code
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืงื•ื“ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ ืžื•ืชืื ืื™ืฉื™ืช
06:42
to produce this model from this really rather difficult input data set.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื–ื”
ืžืกื˜ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืžืฉ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘
06:49
There are some barriers to this, though, there are some problems.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ื›ืžื” ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ืœื–ื”, ืขื ื–ืืช. ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืขื ื–ื”.
ืฉืคื” ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ.
06:53
Jargon is a big one.
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06:54
I would think no one in this room understands the first four jargon points.
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ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืคื” ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืœื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ
ืืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
06:59
The engineers amongst you will recognize "rapid prototyping" and "CAD."
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ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ื
ื™ื›ื™ืจื• ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื•ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื™ืคื™ื ื’ ืžื”ื™ืจ.
07:03
The medics amongst you, if there are any, will recognize the first two,
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ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ื, ืื ื™ืฉ ื›ืืœื”, ื™ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื.
07:06
but there will be nobody else here that understands all those four words.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื–ื”
ืฉืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื.
07:10
Taking the jargon out was very important
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ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื’'ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ืฆืขื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“
07:12
to ensure that everyone in the team understood exactly what was meant
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืช
ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื”
07:16
when a particular phrase was used.
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ื›ืฉืžื•ืฉื’ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื ืืžืจ.
ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืกืฆื™ืคืœื™ื ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžืฆื—ื™ืงื•ืช ื’ื ื”ืŸ.
07:19
Our disciplinary conventions were funny as well.
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07:21
We took a lot of horizontal slice images through me,
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ืœืงื—ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืชื›ื™ื ืจื•ื—ื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™,
07:24
produced those slices and used them to build a CAD model.
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ื™ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื•ืื– ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ื”ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืœ ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘.
07:28
And the very first CAD model we made,
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ื•ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฆืจื ื•,
07:30
the surgeons were playing with it and couldn't quite figure it out.
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ื”ืžื ืชื—ื™ื ืฉื™ื—ืงื• ืขื ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง,
ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื•.
07:35
And then we realized that it was actually a mirror image of the real aorta.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื‘ื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืชืžื•ื ืช ืžืจืื”
ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืจืงื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™.
07:39
And it was a mirror image because in the real world,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืชืžื•ื ืช ืžืจืื”
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืœืžื˜ื” ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช,
07:42
we always look down on plans,
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07:44
plans of houses, or streets, or maps.
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ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ื ืื• ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื• ืžืคื•ืช.
07:47
In the medical world, they look up at plans.
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื”ื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืžืขืœื”.
07:50
So the horizontal images were all in inversion.
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ืื– ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื”ืคื•ื›ื•ืช.
07:53
So, one needs to be careful with disciplinary conventions.
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ืื– ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืขื ืžื•ืกื›ืžื•ืช ื“ื™ืกืฆื™ืคืœื™ื ืจื™ื•ืช.
07:56
Everyone needs to understand what is assumed and what is not.
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ื›ื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
ืžื” ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ื•ืžื” ืœื ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื.
ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ืžื•ืกื“ื™ื™ื
08:02
Institutional barriers were another serious headache in the project.
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ื”ื™ื• ื›ืื‘ ืจืืฉ ืจืฆื™ื ื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜.
08:06
The Brompton Hospital was taken over
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ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืžืคื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืชืœื˜
08:08
by the Imperial College School of Medicine.
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ื”ืงื•ืœื’' ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ ืœืจืคื•ืื”,
08:10
And there are some seriously bad relationship problems
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช
ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื.
08:14
between the two organizations.
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08:15
I was working with the Imperial and the Brompton,
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ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืขื ืื™ืžืคืจื™ืืœ ื•ื”ื‘ืจื•ืžืคื˜ื•ืŸ,
ื•ื–ื” ื™ืฆืจ ื›ืžื” ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜,
08:18
and this generated some serious problems for the project.
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08:20
Really, problems that shouldn't exist.
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ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื.
08:23
Research & Ethics Committee.
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ื•ืขื“ืช ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ืืชื™ืงื”: ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื,
08:25
If you want to do anything new in surgery,
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื”ืืชื™ืงื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช.
08:27
you have to get a license from your local Research & Ethics.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ.
08:30
I'm sure it's the same in Poland.
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ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™,
08:32
There will be some form of equivalent which licenses new types of surgery.
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ืฉืžืืฉืจืช ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื.
08:37
We didn't only have the bureaucratic problems associated with that,
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ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืจืง ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื–ื”,
08:40
we also had professional jealousies.
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื’ื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื ืื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช.
08:42
There were people on the Research & Ethics committee
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ื”ื™ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื”ืืชื™ืงื”
ืฉืžืžืฉ ืœื ืจืฆื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื’'ื•ืŸ ืคืคืจ ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืฉื•ื‘,
08:45
who really didn't want to see John Pepper succeed again.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืฆืœื™ื—.
08:48
Because he is so successful.
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08:49
And they made extra problems for us.
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ื•ื”ื ืขืฉื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื•.
08:53
Bureaucratic problems.
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ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช:
08:55
Ultimately, when you have a new treatment,
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื—ื“ืฉ
08:58
you have to have a guidance note for all the hospitals in the country.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืฉื™ืฆื
ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
09:02
In the UK, we have the National Institute and Clinical Excellence.
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ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืงืœื™ื ื™ืช, NICE.
ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœืœื ืกืคืง.
09:06
You have an equivalent in Poland, no doubt.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
09:08
And we had to get past the NICE problem.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืจืคื•ืื™ ืžืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืจืฉืช.
09:11
We now have a great clinical guidance, out on the net.
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ืื– ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ
09:14
So any other hospitals interested can come along, read the NICE report,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื•ื, ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื“ื•"ื— NICE
09:18
get in touch with us, and then get doing it themselves.
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ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืืœื™ื ื• ื•ืื– ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื.
ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ:
09:24
Funding barriers, another big area to be concerned with.
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ืขื•ื“ ื ื•ืฉื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื•.
ื‘ืขื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืขื ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”:
09:30
A big problem with understanding one of those perspectives.
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ื›ืฉื ื™ื’ืฉื ื• ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื”
09:33
When we first approached one of the big, charitable UK organizations
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ืœืื—ื“ ืžืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื” ืฉืžื™ืžืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื”,
09:37
that fund this kind of stuff,
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ืฆืขื” ื”ื ื“ืกื™ืช.
09:39
we essentially gave them an engineering proposal.
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09:41
They didn't understand it, they were doctors, next to God,
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ื”ื ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื”; ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืจื•ืคืื™ื, ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืืœื•ื”ื™ื.
ื–ื” ื›ื ืจืื” ื–ื‘ืœ. ื”ื ื“ื—ื• ืืช ื–ื”.
09:44
it must be rubbish, they binned it.
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ืื– ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืคื ื™ื ื• ืœืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื
09:46
So in the end, I went after private investors, just gave up on it.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ื™ืชืจืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
09:49
Most R&D is going to be institutionally funded,
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ืื‘ืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืžื•ืžืŸ ืžื•ืกื“ื™ืช,
09:52
by the Polish Academy of Sciences
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ื”ืคื•ืœื ื™ืช ืœืžื“ืขื™ื
ืื• ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœื”ื ื“ืกื” ื•ืžื—ืงืจ ืžื“ืขื™ ืคื™ืกื™ืงืœื™ ืื• ืžื” ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื”,
09:55
or the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, or whatever.
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09:58
And you need to get past those people.
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ื•ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
ื’'ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื›ืฉืืชื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
10:01
Jargon is a huge problem when you try to work across disciplines,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœืžื• ืฉืœ ืžื”ื ื“ืก,
10:04
because in an engineering world, we all understand CAD and RP.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ ื•ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืžื”ื™ืจ --
10:07
Not in the medical world.
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ืœื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™.
ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืžืžื ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื”ืชืืคืก ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื.
10:10
I suppose the funding bureaucrats ultimately have to get their act together.
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ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™,
10:13
They've really got to start talking to each other,
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ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืงืฆืช ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ,
10:15
and exercise a bit of imagination, if that's not too much to ask.
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ืื ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืœื‘ืงืฉ --
10:19
(Laughter)
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10:20
Which it probably is.
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ืžื” ืฉื›ื ืจืื” ื–ื” ื›ืŸ.
10:22
(Laughter)
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10:23
I've coined the phrase "obstructive conservatism."
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ื˜ื‘ืขืชื™ ืžื•ื ื— "ืฉืžืจื ื•ืช ืžืคืจื™ืขื”."
10:26
So many people in the medical world don't want to change.
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ื›"ื› ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช,
10:29
Particularly when some jumped-up engineer has come along with the answer.
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ืฉืžื”ื ื“ืก ืžืชืœื”ื‘ ืžื’ื™ืข ืขื ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.
ื”ื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช.
10:33
They don't want to change.
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10:34
They simply want to do whatever they've done before.
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ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืขืฉื•.
ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื ืชื—ื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื”
10:37
And in fact, many surgeons in the UK are still waiting
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ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœืื—ื“ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
10:40
for one of our patients to have some sort of an episode,
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ืฉื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงืฃ,
10:43
so that they could say, "Told you that was no good."
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื’ื™ื“, "ืื”, ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื›ื ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘."
10:46
We've actually got 30 patients.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” 30 ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื.
10:48
At seven and a half years,
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ืข ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื™ื.
10:50
we've got 90 post-op patient years between us,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 90 ืฉื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•,
10:52
and we haven't had a single problem.
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ื•ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ืืฃ ื‘ืขื™ื”.
10:54
And still, there are people in the UK saying,
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื” ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื,
10:56
"That external aortic root, it will never work, you know."
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"ื›ืŸ, ืฉืชืœ ืื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืจืงื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™, ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื."
10:59
It really is a problem.
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ื–ื• ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ื”. ื–ื• ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ื”.
ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืคื” ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื ืชืงืœื• ื‘ื™ื”ื™ืจื•ืช
11:02
I'm sure everyone in this room has come across arrogance
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืคืื™ื, ืื ืฉื™ ืจืคื•ืื”, ืžื ืชื—ื™ื ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช.
11:05
amongst medics, doctors, surgeons, at some point.
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11:08
The middle point is simply the way that the doctors protect themselves.
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ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜
ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืžื’ื™ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื.
11:13
"Well, of course, I'm looking after my patient."
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"ื›ืŸ, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื“ื•ืื’ ืœื—ื•ืœื” ืฉืœื™."
11:15
I think it's not good, but that's my view.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื” ืœื›ื, ื–ื• ื”ื“ืขื” ืฉืœื™.
11:19
Egos, of course, again a huge problem.
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ืื’ื•, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉื•ื‘, ื‘ืขื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
ืื ืืชื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ืฆื•ื•ืช ืจื‘ ืชื—ื•ืžื™,
11:22
If you work in a multidisciplinary team,
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ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืชืช ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื›ื ืœื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืกืคืง.
11:24
you've got to give your guys the benefit of the doubt,
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11:26
you've got to express support for them.
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ืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื”ื.
11:28
Tom Treasure, professor of cardiothoracic surgery.
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ื˜ื•ื ื˜ืจื–'ื•ืจ, ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืœื ื™ืชื•ื— ืงืจื“ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™:
ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื ืคืœื.
11:32
Incredible guy.
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11:33
Dead easy to give him respect.
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ืžืžืฉ ืงืœ ืœืชืช ืœื• ื›ื‘ื•ื“.
11:35
Him giving me respect? Slightly different.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ืชื™? ืงืฆืช ืฉื•ื ื”.
11:37
(Laughter)
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ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช.
11:39
That's all the bad news.
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11:40
The good news is, the benefits are stonkingly huge.
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ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉื”ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช.
11:44
Translate that one! I bet they can't.
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ืชืจื’ืžื• ืืช ื–ื”. ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื.
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:47
(Laughter)
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11:48
When you have a group of people with different professional training,
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ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืื ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืฉื•ื ื”, ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืื—ืจ,
11:51
a different professional experience,
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11:53
they not only have a different knowledge base,
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ืœื ืจืง ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื•ื ื”,
ืืœื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ.
11:56
but also a different perspective on everything.
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ื•ืื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”
11:58
And if you can bring them together,
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™,
12:00
and get them talking and understanding each other,
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12:02
the results can be spectacular.
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ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช.
12:05
You can find really novel solutions that have never been looked at before,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืžืžืฉ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื’ืื•ื ื™ื™ื,
ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื
12:10
very quickly and easily.
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ืžืžืฉ ืžืžืฉ ืžื”ืจ ื•ื‘ืงืœื•ืช.
12:12
You can short-cut huge amounts of work
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงืฆืจ ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
12:15
simply by using the extended knowledge base you have.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื.
ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื”,
12:19
And as a result, it's an entirely different use
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ื–ื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
ื•ื”ื™ื“ืข ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื›ื.
12:24
of the technology and the knowledge around you.
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ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื–ื”
12:27
The result of all this is that you can get incredibly quick progress
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ืžื”ื™ืจื”
12:31
on incredibly small budgets.
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ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืงื˜ื ื™ื.
12:33
I'm so embarrassed at how cheap it was to get from my idea
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ืื ื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื–ื•ืœ
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืœื” ืฉืœื™
12:37
to me being implanted
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ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ื ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ืขืœื”.
12:39
that I'm not prepared to tell you what it cost,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื“ ืฉื™ืฉ
12:41
because I suspect there are absolutely standard surgical treatments,
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ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื›ื™ืจื•ืจื’ื™ื™ื ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ
ื›ื ืจืื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘
12:45
probably in the USA,
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12:46
which cost more for a one-off patient
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ืฉืขื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื‘ื•ื“ื“
12:51
than the cost of us getting from my dream to my reality.
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ืžื”ืขืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื—ืœื•ื
ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื™.
12:56
That's all I want to say, and I've got three minutes left.
250
776715
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ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื•ืžืจ, ื•ื ื•ืชืจื• ืœื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื“ืงื•ืช.
12:59
So, Ewa's going to like me.
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ืื– ื”ืช'ืจ ืชืื”ื‘ ืื•ืชื™.
13:01
If you have any questions, please come up and talk to me later on,
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3096
ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืฉืืœื•ืช, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืชื‘ื•ืื• ืืœื™ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ.
13:04
it would be a pleasure to speak with you.
253
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืœืขื•ื ื’ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื›ื. ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชื•ื“ื•ืช.
13:06
Many thanks.
254
786652
1008
13:07
(Applause)
255
787684
1000
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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