What yoga does to your body and brain - Krishna Sudhir

3,286,581 views ・ 2020-06-18

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Aleksandar Bošnjak Lektor: Ivana Korom
00:06
At some point between the 1st and 5th century CE,
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U nekom trenutku između prvog i petog veka nove ere,
00:11
the Hindu sage Patañjali began to codify the ancient, meditative traditions
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hinduistički mudrac Patandžali je počeo kodifikovati drevne, meditativne tradicije
00:18
practiced throughout India.
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koje su se radile duž Indije.
00:20
He recorded techniques nearly as old as Indian civilization itself
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Zapisao je tehnike koje su stare skoro koliko i sama indijska civilizacija
00:25
in 196 manuals called the Yoga Sutras.
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u 196 priručnika koji se zovu Joga Sutre.
00:30
These texts defined yoga as the ‘yoking’ or restraining of the mind
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Ovi tekstovi su opisali jogu kao "povezivanje" ili suzdržavanje uma
00:35
from focusing on external objects
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od fokusiranja na spoljašnje objekte
00:39
in efforts to reach a state of pure consciousness.
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u nastojanju da se dođe do stanja čiste svesnosti.
00:43
Over time, yoga came to incorporate physical elements
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Tokom vremena, joga je pripojila fizičke elemente
00:47
from gymnastics and wrestling.
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iz gimnastike i rvanja.
00:50
Today, there are a multitude of approaches to modern yoga—
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Danas, postoji mnoštvo pristupa modernoj jogi,
00:54
though most still maintain the three core elements of Patañjali’s practice:
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iako većina i dalje sadrži tri osnovna elementa Patandžalijevih vežbi:
01:00
physical postures, breathing exercises, and spiritual contemplation.
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držanje tela, vežbe disanja i kontemplaciju.
01:06
This blend of physical and mental exercise
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Za ovaj spoj fizičkih i umnih vežbi
01:10
is widely believed to have a unique set of health advantages.
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veruje se da imaju jednistvene zdravstvene prednosti.
01:15
Such as improving strength and flexibility,
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Kao što su dobijanje na snazi i fleksibilnosti,
01:18
boosting heart and lung function, and enhancing psychological well-being.
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podsticanje rada srca i pluća, i poboljšavanje opšteg psihičkog stanja.
01:24
But what have contemporary studies shown regarding the benefits
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A šta su savremene studije pokazale o benefitima ove stare tradicije?
01:28
of this ancient tradition?
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01:31
Despite attempts by many researchers,
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Uprkos pokušajima mnogih istraživača,
01:33
it's tough to make specific claims about yoga's advantages.
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teško je iznositi posebne tvrdnje o prednostima joge.
01:38
Its unique combination of activities makes it difficult to determine
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Njena jedinstvena kombinacija aktivnosti otežava određivanje
01:42
which component is producing a specific health benefit.
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koja komponenta proizvodi zdravenstvenu korist.
01:46
Additionally, yoga studies are often made up of small sample sizes
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Dodatno, studije joge su često sastavljene od uzoraka male veličine
kojima fali raznovrsnost, i koje se puno oslanjaju
01:51
that lack diversity,
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01:52
and the heavy reliance on self-reporting makes results subjective.
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na samoizveštavanje, što čini rezultate subjektivnim.
01:58
However, there are some health benefits
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Međutim, postoje neke zdravstvene koristi
02:00
that have more robust scientific support than others.
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koje imaju snažniju naučnu podršku nego druge.
02:05
Let’s start with flexibility and strength.
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Hajde da počnemo sa fleksibilnošću i snagom.
02:08
Twisting your body into yoga’s physical postures
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Uvijanje tela u stavove u jogi
02:11
stretches multiple muscle groups.
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isteže mnoštvo grupa mišića.
02:14
In the short term, stretching can change the water content of these muscles,
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U kratkom roku, istezanje može da promeni vodeni sadržaj
mišića, ligamenata i tetiva i da ih načini elastičnijim.
02:19
ligaments, and tendons to make them more elastic.
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02:23
Over time, regular stretching stimulates stem cells
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Tokom vremena, redovno istezanje stimuliše stem ćelije
02:28
which then differentiate into new muscle tissue
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koje se onda odvajaju i formiraju novo mišićno tkivo,
02:31
and other cells that generate elastic collagen.
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i druge ćelije koje generišu elastični kolagen.
02:34
Frequent stretching also reduces the body’s natural reflex
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Često istezanje takođe smanjuje prirodni telesni refleks
02:38
to constrict muscles,
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da se mišići stežu.
02:40
improving your pain tolerance for feats of flexibility.
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Istezanje povećava toleranciju na bol tokom podviga fleksibilnosti.
02:45
Researchers haven’t found that any one form of yoga
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Istraživači nisu ustanovili da jedan oblik joge
02:48
improves flexibility more than another,
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poboljšava fleksibilnosti više od nekog drugog,
02:51
so the impact of specific postures is unclear.
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tako da je uticaj posebnih stavova nejasan.
02:56
But like other low-impact exercises,
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Ali kao i druge vežbe sa niskim uticajem,
02:59
yoga reliably improves fitness and flexibility in healthy populations.
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joga pouzdano poboljšava sposobnost i fleksibilnosti u zdravim populacijama.
03:05
The practice has also been shown to be a potentially powerful therapeutic tool.
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Vežbanje se pokazalo da ima potencijalno terapeutske prednosti.
03:11
In studies involving patients with a variety of musculo-skeletal disorders,
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U studijama u koje su uključeni pacijenti sa raznim mišićno-koštanim poremećajima,
03:16
yoga was more helpful at reducing pain and improving mobility
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joga više pomaže kod smanjenja bola i poboljšanja mobilnosti
03:21
than other forms of low-impact exercise.
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nego drugi oblici vežbanja sa niskim uticajem.
03:24
Adding yoga to an existing exercise routine can improve strength
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Dodavanje joge u postojeću rutinu vežbanja može da poveća snagu i fleksibilnost
03:29
and flexibility for hard to treat conditions like chronic lower back pain,
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kod poremećaja koji se teže leče, kao hronični bol u donjem delu leđa,
03:34
rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoporosis.
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reumatoidni artritis i osteoporoza.
03:38
Yoga’s mix of physical exercise and regimented breathing
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Mešavina fizičkog vežbanja i disciplinovanog disanja u jogi
03:42
has proven similarly therapeutic for lung health.
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pokazali su slične terapeutske pogodnosti za zdravlje pluća.
03:46
Lung diseases like chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma
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Bolesti pluća kao hronični bronhitis, emfizem i astma
03:51
shrink the passageways that carry oxygen,
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smanjuju prolaze koji prenose kiseonik,
03:54
while weakening the membrane that brings oxygen into the blood.
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dok oslabljuju membranu koja dovodi kiseonik u krv.
03:58
But breathing exercises like those found in yoga
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Međutim, vežbe disanja kao one kod joge
04:02
relax the muscles constricting those passageways
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opuštaju mišiće koji sužavaju te prolaze
04:05
and improve oxygen diffusion.
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i poboljšavaju difuziju kiseonika.
04:07
Increasing the blood’s oxygen content is especially helpful
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Povećanje količine kiseonika u krvi je posebno korisno
04:11
for those with weak heart muscles
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kod osoba sa slabim mišićima srca
04:14
who have difficulty pumping enough oxygen throughout the body.
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koji imaju poteškoće da upumpavaju dovoljno kiseonika kroz telo.
04:18
And for those with healthy hearts,
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A kod onih sa zdravim srcima,
04:20
this practice can lower blood pressure and reduce risk factors
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ova vežba može da snizi krvni pritisak i smanji rizične faktore
04:24
for cardiovascular disease.
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za kardiovaskularne bolesti.
04:26
Yoga’s most widely celebrated benefit may be the most difficult to prove:
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Najproslavljenija prednost joge možda je najteža za dokazati:
04:32
its psychological effects.
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njeni psihološki efekti.
04:35
Despite the longstanding association between yoga and psychological wellbeing,
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Uprkos dugovečnoj povezanosti između joge i opšteg psihičkog stanja,
04:40
there’s little conclusive evidence on how the practice affects mental health.
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postoji malo ubedljivih dokaza o tome kako vežbe utiču na mentalno zdravlje.
04:45
One of the biggest claims
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Najveća tvrdnja
04:47
is that yoga improves symptoms of depression and anxiety disorders.
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je da joga poboljšava simptome depresije i anksioznih poremećaja.
04:52
Since diagnosis of these conditions varies widely
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S obzirom na to da dijagnoze ovih stanja variraju
04:55
as do their origin and severity, it’s difficult to quantify yoga’s impact.
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kao i njihovo poreklo i ozbiljnost, teško je kvantifikovati uticaj joge.
05:02
However, there is evidence to suggest
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Međutim, postoje dokazi koji sugerišu
05:04
that yoga can help reduce the symptoms of stress,
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da joga može da pomogne kod smanjenja simptoma stresa,
05:08
as well as meditation or relaxation.
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kao što mogu i meditacija ili opuštanje.
05:12
Research on the effects of yoga is still evolving.
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Istraživanje efekata joge je i dalje u razvoju.
05:16
In the future, we’ll need larger studies, incorporating diverse participants,
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U budućnosti, trebaće nam veće studije, koje uključuju različite učesnike,
05:20
which can measure yoga’s impact on heart attacks, cancer rates,
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koji mogu da izmere uticaj joge na osnovu srčanih napada, stopi raka,
05:24
cognitive function and more.
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kognitivnih funkcija i više.
05:27
But for now, yoga can continue its ancient tradition
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Ali za sada, joga može da nastavi svoju drevnu tradiciju
05:31
as a way to exercise, reflect, and relax.
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kao vid vežbanja, refleksije i opuštanja.
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