The Arctic vs. the Antarctic - Camille Seaman

Arktik nasuprot Antarktiku - Kamil Simen (Camille Seaman)

Prevodilac: Miloš Milosavljević Lektor: Mile Živković

On our planet,

Na našoj planeti

we have two polar regions:

imamo dve polarne oblasti:

the Arctic, whose name comes from

Arktik, čije ime dolazi

the Greek Arktikos, of the North,

od grčke reči "arktikos" - severni,

and the Antarctic

i Antarktik

from Antarktikos,

od "antarktikos" -

opposite of the North.

suprotno od severnog.

But there's an easier way to remember them

Ali postoji lakši način da se zapamte,

if you just remember what surrounds them.

ako se samo setite šta ih okružuje.

The Arctic, situated in the Northern hemisphere of our planet,

Arktik, smešten na severnoj hemisferi naše planete

is an ocean entirely surrounded by land.

je okean, ceo okružen kopnom.

On the other side of the world,

Na drugoj strani sveta,

the Antarctic is a continent

Antarktik je kontinent,

entirely surrounded by ocean.

ceo okružen okeanom.

So, the Arctic has polar bears but no penguins,

Arktik ima polarne medvede, ali nema pingvine,

and the Antarctic has penguins but no polar bears.

a Antarktik ima pingvine, ali nema polarne medvede.

Let's talk about the Arctic first.

Hajde prvo da pričamo o Arktiku.

The Arctic region consists of a vast, ice-covered ocean

Arktička oblast se sastoji od ogromnog okeana

prekrivenog ledom

surrounded by treeless permafrost.

i okruženom permafrostom bez drveća.

The area can be defined

Ova oblast može da se definiše

as the region between the Arctic Circle

kao oblast između arktičkog kruga

and the North Pole.

i Severnog pola.

If you were to stand at the North Pole,

Ako biste stajali na Severnom polu,

everywhere you looked, in all directions,

u svim pravcima gde biste pogledali

would be south.

bio bi jug.

But standing at the North Pole

Ali teško je stajati dugo

is difficult to do for very long

na Severnom polu

because it's in the middle of an ocean,

jer se on nalazi nasred okeana

covered by constantly shifting, frozen sea ice.

prekrivenog ledom koji se stalno pomera.

If you were to fall into the water at the North Pole,

Ako biste upali u vodu na Severnom polu,

you'd fall into water that's 13,980 feet deep.

upali biste u vodu dubine 4.260 metara.

Above the water, average winter temperatures

Iznad vode, prosečne zimske temperature

can be as low as -40 degrees Celsius,

mogu biti do minus 40°C,

and the coldest recorded temperature

a najniža zabeležena temperatura

is approximately -68 degrees Celsius.

je oko minus 68°C.

Despite these incredibly harsh conditions,

Uprkos ovim surovim uslovima,

humans have populated areas in the Arctic

ljudi su naseljavali oblasti na Arktiku

for thousands of years.

hiljadama godina.

Life in the Arctic includes organisms living in the ice,

U život na Arktiku spadaju i organizmi koji žive u ledu,

zooplankton and phytoplankton,

zooplankton i fitoplankton,

fish and marine mammals,

ribe i morski sisari,

birds,

land animals,

ptice,

kopnene životinje,

plants,

and human societies.

biljke

i ljudska društva.

Okay, what about Antarctica?

Dobro, a Antarktik?

Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent,

Antarktik je najjužniji kontinent

and it contains the geographic South Pole.

na kome se nalazi geografski Južni pol.

It's the fifth largest continent on the planet

To je peti najveći kontinent na planeti,

at nearly twice the size of Australia.

skoro dvaput veći od Australije.

Almost 98% of Anarctica is covered by ice

Skoro 98% Antarktika je prekriveno ledom

at least one mile in thickness.

debljine najmanje 1,5km.

Conditions in Antarctica are some of the most extreme

Uslovi na Antarktiku su među najekstremnijim

in the entire world.

u celom svetu.

On average, it's the coldest,

U proseku, to je najhladniji,

windiest,

driest continent

najvetrovitiji,

najsuvlji kontinent

and has the highest average elevation

i ima najveću prosečnu nadmorsku visinu

of all the continents.

od svih kontinenata.

You might think that it snows all the time at the Poles,

Možda mislite da stalno pada sneg na Polovima,

but Antarctica is so dry,

ali Antarktik je tako suv

it's considered a desert

da se smatra pustinjom

with annual precipitation

sa godišnjim padavinama

of only 200 millimeters along the coast

od samo 200mm duž obale,

and far less inland.

a još manje u unutrašnjosti.

The temperature in Antarctica

Temperatura na Antarktiku

has reached -89 degrees Celsius.

dostiže minus 89°C.

Because it's so harsh and hard to get to,

Zbog toga što je tako surov i teško pristupačan,

there are no permanent human residents on Antarctica,

nema stalnih ljudskih naselja na Antarktiku,

but anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people

ali 1.000 do 5.000 ljudi

reside throughout the year

boravi tokom godine

at the research stations scattered across the continent.

na istraživačkim stanicama širom kontinenta.

Even the most extreme animals fight for survival,

Čak i najekstremnije životinje bore se za opstanak

and only cold-adapted organisms survive there,

i samo organizmi adaptirani na hladnoću mogu da opstanu,

including many types of algae,

uključujući mnoge vrste algi,

animals,

životinja,

bacteria,

bakterija,

fungi,

gljiva,

plants,

biljaka

and protista.

i protista.

But why is Antarctica colder than its northern cousin?

Ali zašto je Antarktik hladniji od svog severnog rođaka?

Well, first, much of the continent

Prvo, većina kontinenta je

is more than three kilometers above sea level,

na više od 3km iznad nivoa mora,

and temperature decreases with elevation.

a temperatura opada sa nadmorskom visinom.

That's why mountaintops have snow on them.

Zato na planinskim vrhovima ima snega.

Second, remember that the Arctic

Drugo, setite se da je Arktik

is really a frozen ocean.

u stvari smrznuti okean.

The water in the ocean beneath it

Voda u okeanu ispod njega

is warmer than the frozen ground in the Antarctic,

je toplija nego smrznuto tlo na Antarktiku

and that warmth is transferred through the ice pack.

i ta toplota se prenosi kroz led.

This prevents temperatures in the Arctic regions

To sprečava da temperature u arktičkim oblastima

from reaching the extremes

dostignu ekstremne vrednosti

typical of the land surface of Antarctica.

tipične za tlo na Antarktiku.

Third, the seasons are conspiring against the Antarctic.

Treće, godišnja doba su se urotila protiv Antarktika.

During the aphelion in July,

Tokom afela, u julu,

when the Earth is the farthest away from the Sun,

kad je Zemlja najudaljenija od Sunca,

it also happens to be winter in the Antarctic,

na Antarktiku je takođe zima,

which creates a double-whammy of cold

što stvara dvostruko prokletstvo hladnoće

for the southern pole.

za južni pol.

But despite being inhospitable,

Ali, uprkos negostoljubivosti,

the North and South Pole are a big reason

severni i južni pol su veliki razlog

why our planet is the way it is.

zašto je naša planeta takva kakva je.

Both of our polar regions

Obe naše polarne oblasti

are very important climate controllers.

su veoma važni kontrolori klime.

They help moderate the temperature

Oni pomažu ujednačavanju temperature

in our temperate zones

u našim umerenim zonama

and give us stable weather.

i daju nam stabilno vreme.

As sea ice in the Arctic declines

Kako morski led na Arktiku opada

due to climate change and global warming,

zbog klimatskih promena i globalnog zagrevanja,

weather around the globe

vreme širom planete

becomes increasing more unstable.

postaje sve nestabilnije.