The meaning of life according to Simone de Beauvoir - Iseult Gillespie

1,673,282 views ・ 2020-03-10

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Ivana Korom
00:06
At the age of 21, Simone de Beauvoir became the youngest person
0
6688
3880
Sa 21 godinu, Simon de Bovoar je postala najmlađa osoba
00:10
to take the philosophy exams at France’s most esteemed university.
1
10568
4470
koja je polagala ispite iz filozofije na najprestižnijem francuskom univerzitetu.
00:15
She passed with flying colors.
2
15038
2010
Položila ih je sa besprekornim uspehom.
00:17
But as soon as she mastered the rules of philosophy,
3
17048
2532
Međutim, čim je savladala filozofska pravila,
00:19
she wanted to break them.
4
19580
1770
želela je da ih prekrši.
00:21
She’d been schooled on Plato’s Theory of Forms,
5
21350
3030
Njeno obrazovanje je bilo zasnovano na Platonovoj teoriij ideja,
00:24
which dismissed the physical world as a flawed reflection
6
24380
2900
koja je odbacivala fizički svet kao manjkavi odraz
00:27
of higher truths and unchanging ideals.
7
27280
2940
većih istina i nepromenjivih ideala.
00:30
But for de Beauvoir, earthly life was enthralling, sensual,
8
30220
3850
Međutim, za de Bovoar ovozemaljski svet je bio očaravajući, senzualan
00:34
and anything but static.
9
34070
1950
i sve samo ne statičan.
00:36
Her desire to explore the physical world to its fullest would shape her life,
10
36020
4340
Njena žudnja za potpunim istraživanjem fizičkog sveta će da oblikuje njen život,
00:40
and eventually, inspire a radical new philosophy.
11
40360
4296
i naposletku će da inspiriše radikalno novu filozofiju.
00:44
Endlessly debating with her romantic and intellectual partner Jean Paul Sartre,
12
44656
4389
Vodeći beskrajne debate
sa svojim ljubavnim i intelektualnim partnerom Žanom Polom Sartrom,
00:49
de Beauvoir explored free will, desire, rights and responsibilities,
13
49045
4230
de Bovoar je istraživala slobodnu volju, čežnju, prava i obaveze,
00:53
and the value of personal experience.
14
53275
2830
kao i vrednost ličnog iskustva.
00:56
In the years following WWII,
15
56105
2110
U godinama nakon Drugog svetskog rata,
00:58
these ideas would converge into the school of thought
16
58215
2610
ove ideje će da prerastu u školu razmišljanja
01:00
most closely associated with their work: existentialism.
17
60825
4640
koja je najtešnje povezana s njihovim delom: egzistencijalizam.
01:05
Where Judeo-Christian traditions taught that
18
65465
2161
Dok su judeohrišćanske tradicije smatrale
01:07
humans are born with preordained purpose,
19
67626
2559
da su ljudi rođeni sa predodređenom svrhom,
01:10
de Beauvoir and Sartre proposed a revolutionary alternative.
20
70185
3920
de Bovoar i Sartr su predložili revolucionarnu alternativu.
01:14
They argued that humans are born free,
21
74105
2210
Tvrdili su da se ljudi rađaju slobodni,
01:16
and thrown into existence without a divine plan.
22
76315
3230
a da su bačeni u postojanje bez božanskog plana.
01:19
As de Beauvoir acknowledged, this freedom is both a blessing and a burden.
23
79545
4790
Kako je de Bovoar uvidela, ova sloboda je istovremeno blagoslov i teret.
01:24
In "The Ethics of Ambiguity" she argued that our greatest ethical imperative
24
84335
4657
U „Etici dvosmislenosti” je tvrdila da je naš najveći moralni imperativ
01:28
is to create our own life’s meaning,
25
88992
2420
da stvorimo sopstveni smisao života,
01:31
while protecting the freedom of others to do the same.
26
91412
3034
štiteći slobodu drugih da urade isto.
01:34
As de Beauvoir wrote,
27
94446
1690
Kako je de Bovoar pisala:
01:36
“A freedom which is interested only in denying freedom must be denied.”
28
96136
5388
„Sloboda koju jedino interesuje uskraćivanje slobode mora biti uskraćena.”
01:41
This philosophy challenged its students to navigate the ambiguities and conflicts
29
101524
4230
Ova filozofija je izazivala izučavaoce da se kreću kroz dvosmislenosti i konflikte
01:45
our desires produce, both internally and externally.
30
105754
3800
koje proizvode naše žudnje, kako unutrašnje tako i spoljašnje.
01:49
And as de Beauvoir sought to find her own purpose,
31
109554
2932
I dok je de Bovoar tragala za sopstvenom svrhom,
01:52
she began to question:
32
112486
1530
počela je da se pita:
01:54
if everyone deserves to freely pursue meaning,
33
114016
2980
ako svako zaslužuje da slobodno traga za smislom,
01:56
why was she restricted by society’s ideals of womanhood?
34
116996
4590
zašto je ona kao žena ograničena društvenim idealima ženstvenosti?
02:01
Despite her prolific writing, teaching and activism,
35
121586
3251
Uprkos plodnom spisateljstvu, podučavanju i aktivizmu,
02:04
de Beauvoir struggled to be taken seriously by her male peers.
36
124837
3569
de Bovoar se mučila da je ozbiljno shvate njene muške kolege.
02:08
She’d rejected her Catholic upbringing and marital expectations
37
128406
3440
Odbacila je katolički odgoj i bračna očekivanja
02:11
to study at university, and write memoirs, fiction and philosophy.
38
131846
4314
kako bi studirala na univerzitetu, pisala memoare, književnost i filozofiju.
02:16
But the risks she was taking by embracing this lifestyle
39
136160
2720
Međutim, rizici koje je preuzela prigrlivši ovaj način života
02:18
were lost on many of her male counterparts,
40
138880
2420
prošli su neprimećeno kod njenih muških kolega,
02:21
who took these freedoms for granted.
41
141300
2200
koji su ove slobode shvatali olako.
02:23
They had no intellectual interest in de Beauvoir’s work,
42
143500
3070
Nisu bili intelektualno zainteresovani za de Bovoarino delo,
02:26
which explored women’s inner lives,
43
146570
2210
koje je istraživalo unutrašnje živote žena,
02:28
as well the author’s open relationship and bisexuality.
44
148780
4020
kao i spisateljičinu otvorenu vezu i biseksualnost.
02:32
To convey the importance of her perspective,
45
152800
2270
Kako bi prenela važnost svoje perspektive,
02:35
de Beauvoir embarked on her most challenging book yet.
46
155070
3530
de Bovoar se bacila na pisanje njene do tad najzahtevnije knjige.
02:38
Just as she’d created the foundations of existentialism,
47
158600
3310
Baš kao što je postavila temelje egzistencijalizma,
02:41
she’d now redefine the limits of gender.
48
161910
3460
ovaj put je nanovo definisala granice roda.
02:45
Published in 1949, "The Second Sex" argues that, like our life’s meaning,
49
165370
5304
Objavljen 1949. godine, „Drugi pol” tvrdi da, kao ni naš smisao života,
02:50
gender is not predestined.
50
170674
2020
ni rod nije predodređen.
02:52
As de Beauvoir famously wrote,
51
172694
2092
Čuvena je de Bovoarina zabeleška:
02:54
“one is not born, but rather becomes, woman.”
52
174786
3620
„žena se ne rađa, ženom se postaje.”
02:58
And to “become” a woman, she argued, was to become the Other.
53
178406
4260
A da biste „postali” žena, tvrdila je, značilo je postati Drugi.
03:02
De Beauvoir defined Othering as the process of labeling women
54
182666
3723
De Bovoar je definisala Drugog kao proces etiketiranja žena
03:06
as less than the men who’d historically defined, and been defined as,
55
186389
4137
kao nižerazrednih muškaraca koji su istorijiski sami sebe definisali
03:10
the ideal human subjects.
56
190526
2485
kao idealne ljudske subjekte.
03:13
As the Other, she argued that women were considered second to men,
57
193011
4165
Kao Drugi, tvrdila je da su žene smatrane drugim nakon muškaraca
03:17
and therefore systematically restricted from pursuing freedom.
58
197176
4370
i samim tim su sistematski ograničene od traganja za slobodom.
03:21
"The Second Sex" became an essential feminist treatise,
59
201546
3398
„Drugi pol” je postao suštinska feministička rasprava,
03:24
offering a detailed history of women’s oppression
60
204944
2612
koja je pružila detaljnu istoriju ženske potlačenosti
03:27
and a wealth of anecdotal testimony.
61
207556
2442
i obilje anegdotskog svedočenja.
03:29
"The Second Sex"’s combination of personal experience
62
209998
3070
„Drugi pol”, kao spoj ličnog iskustva i filozofskog posredovanja,
03:33
and philosophical intervention
63
213068
1820
03:34
provided a new language to discuss feminist theory.
64
214888
3480
ponudio je novi jezik za rasprave o teoriji feminizma.
03:38
Today, those conversations are still informed by de Beauvoir’s insistence
65
218368
4552
Danas su ovi razgovori i dalje zasnovani na de Bovoarinom insistiranju
03:42
that in the pursuit of equality,
66
222920
1860
da u borbi za jednakost:
03:44
“there is no divorce between philosophy and life.”
67
224780
3928
„nema razgraničavanja između filozofije i života.”
03:48
Of course, like any foundational work,
68
228708
2810
Naravno, kao i kod svih ključnih dela,
03:51
the ideas in "The Second Sex" have been expanded upon since its publication.
69
231518
3980
ideje u „Drugom polu” su proširene od njegovog objavljivanja.
03:55
Many modern thinkers have explored additional ways people are Othered
70
235498
3390
Mnogi savremeni mislioci su istraživali dodatne načine na koje ljudi postaju drugi
03:58
that de Beauvoir doesn’t acknowledge.
71
238888
2090
koje de Bovoar nije prepoznala.
04:00
These include racial and economic identities,
72
240978
2790
Oni uključuju rasne i ekonomske identitete,
04:03
as well as the broader spectrum of gender and sexual identities we understand today.
73
243768
5290
kao i širi spektar rodnih i seksualnih identiteta koje danas razumemo.
04:09
De Beauvoir’s legacy is further complicated
74
249058
2270
De Bovoarina zaostavština je dodatno usložena
04:11
by accusations of sexual misconduct by two of her university students.
75
251328
4674
optužbama za seksualno uznemiravanje od strane njeno dvoje studenata.
04:16
In the face of these accusations,
76
256002
1870
Zbog ovih optužbi
04:17
she had her teaching license revoked for abusing her position.
77
257872
4100
ukinuta joj je dozvola za predavanje zbog zloupotrebe položaja.
04:21
In this aspect and others, de Beauvoir’s life remains controversial—
78
261972
4320
U ovom i drugom svetlu, de Bovoarin život ostaje kontroverza -
04:26
and her work represents a contentious moment in the emergence of early feminism.
79
266292
5050
a njeno delo predstavlja sporni trenutak nastanka ranog feminizma.
04:31
She participated in those conversations for the rest of her life;
80
271342
3520
Učestvovala je u tim raspravama do kraja svog života;
04:34
writing fiction, philosophy, and memoirs until her death in 1986.
81
274862
4926
pišući književnost, filozofiju i memoare sve do smrti 1986. godine.
04:39
Today, her work offers a philosophical language
82
279788
2830
Danas, njeno delo nudi filozofski jezik
04:42
to be reimagined, revisited and rebelled against—
83
282618
3564
koji treba nanovo osmisliti, obraditi i pobuniti se protiv njega -
04:46
a response this revolutionary thinker might have welcomed.
84
286182
3651
a to je reakcija koju bi ovaj revolucionarni mislilac možda prigrlio.
About this website

This site will introduce you to YouTube videos that are useful for learning English. You will see English lessons taught by top-notch teachers from around the world. Double-click on the English subtitles displayed on each video page to play the video from there. The subtitles scroll in sync with the video playback. If you have any comments or requests, please contact us using this contact form.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7